IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, N.Y.  I4S80 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  boat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  wh(ch  may  ba  bibliographically  unlqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I    Covars  damagad/ 


D 


Couvartura  andommagAa 

Covars  reatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  restaurte  et/ou  palliculAa 


I      I   Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□   Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  giographiques  en  couieur 

□   Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noira) 

I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 
0 


D 


Planches  et/ou  iiiustrationa  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  da  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  be^n  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutias 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  taxte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  fiim^as. 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm^  la  maiileur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  AtA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
da  cat  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographiqua,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
una  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thoda  normala  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


nn    Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 
0 
D 
0 


D 
D 


Pages  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagias 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  pelliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^colordes,  tachet^es  ou  piquAes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  iriage/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  f-^uillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6X6  filmiea  6  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meiileure  image  possible. 


O 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  chackad  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

7 

ux 

16X 

aox 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film*  f ut  reprodult  grice  A  la 
g6n*rositA  de: 

BibiiothAque  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  tti  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  netteti  de  l'exemplaire  filmA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprlm6e  sont  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  torminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reprodult  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

»  •  ^       V  »       ^ 


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'^     v\     ^\.\ 


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THE  COHRESI 
IMMKUIATE 


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AND  TUO»l 


AND  A  LIS 


VR1NT 


rnr. 


HISTORY 


or 


.-^  ^.  # 


THE  WAR, 


BBTWREN  THE 

VXITEB  STATES  dJ^TD  GRE.iT-BRIT.lIX, 

WHICH  COMMFNCID  I.V  .U'NE,   1812,  AND  CliOSEO  IN  FEBRUAHT,   I8lf»  ; 

CONI'AININO 

THE  COHRESPONDENCE  WHICH  PACisfeU  BCiWEKN  THE  TWO  OOVEn^MENTg, 

IMAIKUIATEL.V  FIltCtDlNO,  A>D  SINCE  UO:>  I  Ii<ril(.tl  C(lMME^Ct.I)  ;   THE 

DECLiARATlUN  OK  WAR,  AND  THfc  UfKICIAii  RbPOHro  OK  UA.NU  ,.  » 

AND  NAVAL  1':AGaGEMENT!s.  ;    . 


COMPILED  CHIEFLY  FROM 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS, 

WITH  AN 


Appendiw^ 


CoNrAlNlNO 
THE  CORRESP'>NOENCE  WHICH  PASt-KU  BETWEEN  OUR  CnMMISSTOI«Bn», 
AND  THOSE  AI-FOINTLD  BY  GREAT-BKITAIN  IN  TREATIMG  FuB  fEACE. 

TO  WHICH  14  ADDED, 

THE  TREAl  Y  OF  PEACE, 

AND  A  LIST  OP  VESSELS  TAKEPf  FROM  GREAT-BRITAIN 

DURLNG  THE  WAR. 


I'  ,r 


^  i'Hh. 


COMPUTED 

By  J.  RU8SELL,  Jii. 


J»econti  ^bitton. 


,»..■  -* 


HARTFORD: 

T>RjjrrEn  jind  published  by  b.  ^  j.  russell, 

state  Streel 


ii  ' 


\       I 


\\i\  ^=i 


Uislrid of'Coniiriiintt,  ,sa. 

V,--->:  HE  IT  IlKMFJfnFRFJ),  Tlinfnnlhf.lfnfhttayqf'July, 
I  L.S.  I  i)i  Ifir  Forlirf'i  i,fnr  oj  llir  hidi  iimhfir  nj  ihr  IJmtnl  SltUr.i 
?Ix-Mw.y,   ofjincn'cit  H   6^'  J   Uusstll.  of  Ihf    snid  Distnrl.  depottilfd 

in  this  ojjicr  Ihf  til/r  of  a  Hcok  the  ri^hl  ivherroj'  they  claim  aa  troprit' 

tors,  in  the  ivordsjulloini'ii.  to  nit 

'  The  Hi'Aiin/  oJ  Ihi  If'iir  hihveen  the  Vnilnl  Slates  a)id  GrentHrilaint 

'•  which  comiiic  iird  m  June.  ;  8 1 2,  nnd cloned  in  Fth    1 8 1  o.  contnining  the 

*  correspondf  nee  nliich  jinsned  brhveen  the  two  (iovemments   immeiitatfiy 
^  precedinrr  nnd  .since  twsti ti ties  commenced  ;  Itit  declaration  of  W  or.  and 

*  tlie  ojficial  reports  oJ  land  and  naval  en<rafienients.  coniftHed  chiejly  from 
^piihltc  docnvients      It'ilh  au   appendix,  containing  tite   coriespondence 

*  wliich  passed  between  our  ('07nnii.'isinners  and  those  appointed  by  Great- 
*Britatu.  in  Ircalinfr  Jim  peace      To  which  is  added  the   t'reaty  oJ  Veace^ 

*  and  a  list  of  vessels  lakenfroin  Great  Uritam  during  the  nar.     Compiled 
'by  J  RUSSELL.  Jr' 

In  conjunnily  to  the  Jlcl  of  the  Congress  of  the  Untied  Slates,  mlilled  "  ^n 
^^acljor  ttieenconra^ementoflearninfi,  by  securing  the  copies  ofMaps^ 
"  Charts,  and  Books,  to  tlie  authors  ai.'t  proi/rietors  of  such  copies,  during 
•'  the  tunes  thaein  mentioned  " 

HEXRY  W.  EDWARDS, 
~,..  -  Clerk  of  the  District  of  Conneclicul. 

,1  true  copy  of  Record,  examined  and  sealed  by  me, 
H.  IV.  Edwards, 

Clerk  of  (he.  Diilrict  ofConnecHcuf 


INTRODUCTION. 


An  history  of  recent  transijclions,  must  atways  be  exe- 
cuted iiKiIer  many,  iiiid  j^reut  disudvanla^vs. 

Ill  a  lime  ol  war,  niaay  iiiiport.iiit  occurrences  are  but 
im|)er('fcclly  known,  till  the  truth  !•»  ehciled  by  {f*ri\\  in- 
vestit^atiou  ;  and,  iu  a<l(iitioii  to  this,  the  feehu^s  of  uieu 
are  so  ardent,  that  an  author  cannot  l)e  expected  to  be  wholly 
impartial,  when  recouitinir  tho.s^- events,  ni  which  himself, 
or  hislrien*!*;,  have  acleil  a  conspicuous  part. 

The  publishers  wen,  llierefure,  of  opinion,  that  at  the 
present  time,  the  most  useful  IJislory  of  the  War,  would 
be  a  faithful  collection  of  Oiiicial  Slate  Papers,  and  accouhtM 
of  Military  operaliinis.  Snch  a  w«»rlv  cannot  be  taxed 
M'ith  partiality  ;  and,  it  is  pre>um<d,  will  be  perused  with 
interest  by  every  Americaii,  who  values  his  national 
rights,  and  whose  bosom  glows,  at  the  recital  of  those  deeds 
of  valor,  winch  have  exalted  the  honor  of  his  conntrv. 

If  in  some  i  .stances,  Coiuniaiuling'  OiVkums  have  seemed 
to  manifest  a  want  of  candour,  it  ought  slill  to  be  remem- 
bered by  the  public,  that  they  wrote  in  the  heat  of  the  oc- 
casion ;  and,  often,  while  agonizing  under  wounds  receiv- 
ed   from  an   exasperated  enemy.     iMotlern  Histories  of 
Campaigns,  are  not,  to  say  the  least,  mure  candid,  and  are, 
surely,  less  entitled  to  apology.     Tins  collection  of  Docu- 
ments can  never  bec<une  a  useless  volume ;  for,  besides  fur- 
nishing the  best  evidence  ol  fact  to  the  inquisitive  reader, 
and  future  historian,  it  is  a  ready  manuel,  by  which  every 
enquirer  after  truth,  can  at  once  adduce  the  best  evidence 
on   questions    which  affect  the  character  «)f  tiie  American 
nation,  relative  to  her  nulitary  prowess.     Our  readers  will 
feel   satisiied,    after  its  perusal,  that  they   possess  all   the 
OHicial  inlotuialion,  whuh  can  be  obtained,  relative  to  the 
military  movements,  and  bravery  and  skill  of  our  country- 
iiien  in  the  fidil  of  battle.     Perliaps,  in  some  instances,  the 
losses  and  sufferino;s  of  the  armies  oi  ho'h  nations,  have  not 
bceu  fully  ascerlai:!<-d  :  so  w  ide  is  the  tield,  that  it  is  some- 


''I'll! 


\  \  '& « ^ 


IV 


lM'ROI3l<  T10\. 


what  (lifTinilt  to  collect  all  llie  facts.  Oi»  the  vvuk'r,  wlierc; 
we  have  bei-ti  |K:cii!iarly  siicccsst'ul,  the  oflicial  accou.its 
more  lullv  an(i(:\|>lK'illv  state  Ihe  loss,  ns  well  as  the  coiii- 
paradvo  skill  and  hruvery  of' the  conteiidiiipr  jiarties. 

Ill  the  list  of  public  niul  private  veKsels  taken  from  the 
enemy  during  the  war,  we  have  not  •riven  the  whole  num- 
ber of  men  and  griiiis,  on  board  of  a  lart^e  proportion  of  the 
merchant  vessels,  as  it  was  never  otlicially  slated.  In 
every  instance  of  this  kind,  where  we  could  not  obtain  cor- 
rect  intormation,  we  have  left  the  number  blank.  We  are 
sorry  to  say  it  is  w  holly  out  of  our  power  to  accompany 
the  list  of  prizes  with  a  correct  list  of  the  vessels  we  have 
lost ;  the  enemy  never  having'  ma<le  a  public  statement  of 
their  prizes,  we  could  not  culitici  them  from  any  authentic 
source. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTEIU. 

Page 
Presidents*  Message.  9 

Monroe  and  Foster's  Correspondence  relative  to  the  Orders  in  Cooncil* 
Blockade;),  and  liupreasinent  of  Seauieu.  15,22,23, 26,27,38)  45, 62, 67 


CHAPTER  II. 


60 


Adjustment  of  the  affair  of  the  Chesapeake  Frigate^ 

Monroe  and  Foster's  Correspoudence  relative  to  the  Chesapeake 

affair,  60,  6 1 ,62,  6.?, 

President's  Message,  63 

Monroe  and  Foster's  Correspondence  relative  to  the 

N on  Importation  Act,  63,67 


CHAPTER  III. 

President's  Manifesto, 

Report  of  the  Cummittee  on  Foregn  Relations, 

Declaration  of  War, 

Yeas  and  Nays  on  the  bill  declaring  War. 

President's  Proclamation  Promulgating  the  Declaration  of  War. 

CHAPTER  IV. 


71 

79 
91 
ib. 
93 


First  Prisoner,  94 

First  Prize.  lb. 

President's  Message,  lb. 
Monroe  and  Foster's  Letters  relative  to  the  Orders  io  Council,  and 

Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees,  9^,  97^  99, 

President's  Mfi^sage,  102 

Mr  Russtll's  Letter  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  ib. 

Liint  Castlerf  anil's  Letter  to  Mr.  Russell,  ib. 

Order  in  Council,  .           I0i> 

Mr.  Russeil's  Letter  to  lord  Castlereagh^  10^ 

Loss  of  Gen  Hull's  baggage,  11! 

Hull's  Proclamation,  to  the  Canadian^.                                 «  ib. 

Skirmishing,  near  Sandwich,  119 

Canadian  Militia  join  Gen.  ilull,  ill,, 

Ca^llire'  of  the  Guerrier,  IH' 


( 


•!,M 


% 


•  ;  t 


ihti 


VI 


CONTENTb. 


Onlern  in  Council  Rf  vuk«'d«  1 1  & 

Gi-n.  Hull's  8tat«fm«>nt  of  hU  CnpitulHtiun,  1 17,  118, 

Majfir  Vanhurn's  Doff  at,  ,  I. '4 

BHitleof  Brownsloivii,  («ir  Mai;uaie'*.)        '       '  ij5 

Artinlt!*  of  caiiirulatiun  nfii*n  HiiiiV  \rmy  nuii  Mirliiean  TiTiilorjr,  Ml 
Culoncis  C<t88,  M'Arlhur,  Fiiiilly,  and  Miliar,  ruiiiuiistratu  acuiutit 

Gun  HuII'h  conduct.  lit 

Gen.  Hrock'ii  ProclainHli  n  to  the  Inhabitants  uf  Michigan  Territory  l.ii 


A  Card,  from  Col.  tiyuiuieM  tu  Geo.  Uruck, 

Trial  of  Geii.  ilull. 

Ca|>lur»'  of  the  Alert, 

Cajit.  Porter  tu  the  Hecretnry  of  the  Navy, 

Gallant  Defence  ol  Fort  Harrin  m, 

MHJ'irJe8«up's  corroboration  of  Col  Cass'  Stalemeut, 

SkirinishitiK  at  8t.  John's  river. 

Bkiriniihing  at  Gananoquu,  and  OgdeDsburgli, 

AtTair  at  8t.  Regis, 

Ca;iture  of  the  Detroit  and  Caledonia, 

Massacre  of  llie  Garrison  of  Fort  Ciiiciitio, 

Com  Chauneey's  RattltituKiagstuo  Haibor, 

Battle  of  ({ueviistoi], 


Idfi 
ib. 

HI 
ib. 

146 
ib. 
U7 
148 
in. 

155 


CHAPTER  V. 

IVIonro«,  Graham,  Rn«6ell,  Cnstlerrach, and  Warren's  Letters,  re'a- 

tivetoanaremistire,— 160,  162,  16J,  165,  ltJ8, 169,  J7l,  l7J,l7*,176. 
British  Chatleiige,  and  American  Acceptance,  1 79 


CUArTEKVI. 

Capliireoflhe  Frolir;,  and  Loss  of  the  Wasp, 
Capture  of  lh«  iMacedouian, 
Capture  of  the  Java, 
Capture  of  the  Peacock, 

CHAPTER  VH. 


180 

l&l 
1J^2 
ICG 


Captarn  ofLidle  York, 

i*iipttulation  of  Yi>rk, 

Gen.  Winchester's  Defe.it, 

aia-sacte  of  Gen.  W  inchestcr's  Army, 

iitdiat)  Expedition, 

Uen.  Sfoylh't*  Exppdition, 

Ca^it.  Forsy  lh'»  Espediiion, 

CHAPTER  VIH. 


1€9,  190,  193, 
1^2 

196 
1!)8 

ib. 


Harrison's Baltie  nt  Louor  Sanuii^'Ky, 

Pmcior's  demand  t">ti-  ihe  eiirrendf  r  of  Fort  M^-ig*, 

Capture olForl  0'v'u^^c, 


200 

203 


CONTEST!!. 


Vli 


« 


to? 

209 
lb. 

aji 

312 

S13 

214 

314,216 

316 

ib. 

S17 


9?( 


Caplurr  of  Pnrt  Erie, 

ChNiiii(;»-y'!4  hrroiini  ofthp  mplurp  of  Port  (icnrf^P, 

C'hRui>(*«)'>  lit'ltrr  to  ihf  Kccr«lnry  nfthr  Nnvy,  vuOTfjiog  Ihe 

Hrrtiiilariln  takrn  At  Vnrk  Mnii  Port  Ueurge, 
Capture  ol  the  irai)H|inrt  l^ily  Murray, 
Hafile  at  Porfy  iMik  Crefk, 
Attack  on  SMckfttV  Harbor, 

Capture  of  Ftiurtfi-n  Bi  iiish  Transport  Boat^  on  T^ake  Ontario, 
MMJ«>r  CrogJtan'a  Vlrlory, 
l^»y>  ofltic  Pritfiiie  Ctiettnppakr, 
Capture  of  Little  York,  Ihe  second  time, 
Capture  of  the  Doiiiiaico, 
Buriiint;  of  Sodus, 
At  lark  on  (!raiify  Island, 
Ca|)lure  of  Hampton, 
Munler  of  Jutin  1)  (travel, 
Skinnisliini;  at  Fort  (Jeorce, 
Destruction  of  liidiuii  town!*, 
Yankee  Trick, 
Capture  of  the  Boxer, 

CHAPTER  IX. 

Capture  of  Ihe  British  fleet  un  Lake  Erie, 

Capture  of  Maiden, 

Battle  at  the  Moravian  Towns, 

Tecuinseh's  Speech  to  G»-n.  Proctor,  '. 

Harrison  and  Perry'a  Proclamation, 

Capture  of  a  British  Fleet  on  Luke  Ontario, 

Something  Singular, 

Com.  Rodgers*  Cruise, 

Col  Clarku*!)  Expedition, 

Massacre  at  Fort  Tensaw, 

Wiikiuson  and  Hampton's  Expedition, 

CHAPTER  X. 

Jackson,  White,  and  Coffee's  Victories   over  the  Creek  Tndians, 

236,  237,  238,  iiid,  243, 24« 
Gen   Floyd's  Victories,  240  242 

Gen.  Clbiburne's  Victory,  24| 

CHAPTER  XT. 

Captain  Porter's  Cruise, 

Limb  of  Fort  Niagara,  and  burning  of  LenristowD,  Mtnchwter, 

and  Tuscarora, 
E'lrningof  Buffatoe.and  Black  Rock, 
C*pt  Holmes' Victory, 
Capture  of  Ihe  Epervier, 
Battle  at  Sfoney  Point, 
Loss  of  the  Frigate  Es^ex, 


348 

290 
ib. 

352 
ib. 

354 

3H 


Till. 

i 


il 


■M..: 


--■IV*     :    4. 


Vltl 


I  ON  J'KNTS. 


Capture  of  Obwiro, 
BnttM;  oi  Chi|>|K'way, 
Cafilurt*  of  the  Keinilerr, 
Baile  at  (^ui'instun, 
Bailie  ol  Erie, 


260 
SUI 

SGJ 

UU5 


CnAI'TEK  XII. 

Capilulalion  ol'  Alfxnnilria, 

Ca|*lur**  of  Washinulon, 

Capture  ofilie  Britifth  fleet  on  Lake  Chainplnin, 

Defeat  oftien.  I'niclor, 

BuritinK  oi  Pelipaut^e, 

Attack  on  SionuikCton, 

Attack  on  Balllition!, 

I)»ttat  olthe  Briiiftli  at  IMobile  Point, 

Battle  ofBritlKfWHter, 

Destruction  of  the  Avon, 

Kxpeditiuu  Ironi  Detroit, 

CHAPTER  xiir. 

Capture  of  Persr.nla, 

BiutlealNew  ()  It-ans, 

Defeat  of  the  H     tali  liefore  New. Orleans, 

Lieut.  Hhielils'   Ifjjr^iedilinn, 

Lieut.  Johiieoir't  Expedition, 

Jackson's  AiIjIi  <  ss  to  his  army. 

Loss  of  the  Frigate  President, 

Capture  of  the  ^»t.  Laurence, 

Delieat  of  the  Hrilisn  al  Great  Satill  river, 

Gun  Boat  No   KiB,  anfl  the  Erebus  Frigate, 

Caiiture  of  the  Cyane  and  Ltvant, 

Capture  of  the  Penguin. 

APPENDIX. 

Correspondence,  which   passed  between  the  coininis.«ioiiers  of  the  two 

governoients,  whilst  treatini;  for  peace,  trnnsmitted  to  fhe  Secretary  of 

Slate,     iiOS,  3  i  1,315,  310,  32*,  331,340,  344,352,  369,  363,  366,366, 

Treaty  of  pence,  368 

Tiist  of  vessels  taken  from  Great  Britaio,  377 


268 
369,271 
273 
275 
276 
ib. 
177 
279 
2  SO 
282 
383 


284 
286 
287 
283 
289 

ib. 
29J 
295 
297 

ib. 
300 
.%! 


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tbr.       1 

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til          1 

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•  ^ 

I 


CHAPTER  1.  ,     'j\'i 

PRESIDENTS  MESSAGE.'    ^,,,^l,[ 

WASHINGTON  CITY,  NovcMBCiS,  1811 

FelloW'Ciiizens  of  tlie  SenalCt  and  of  -    .    ^ 

Uie  House  of  iltpraxnlatives. 

IN  calling  you  together  sooner  than  a  separation  from 
your  homes  would  otherwise  have  been  required,  I  yielded 
to  coMsiderutions  drawn  from  the  posture  of  our  foreign  af- 
fairs ;  and  iu  tixin<r  the  present  for  the  tioie  of  your  meet- 
'n\^y  regard  was  iuid  to  tlie  probability  of  further  develope- 
iiteiits  of  Uie  policy  of  the  belligerent  powers  towards  this 
€ounti'y,  which  might  the  more  unite  the  national  councils^ 
in  the  measures  to  be  pursued. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  session  of  Congress,  it  was  hoped 
that  the  successive  confirmations  of  the  extinction  of  the 
French  Decrees,  so  far  as  they  violated  our  neutral  conio 
luerce,  would  have  induced  the  guvernmeut  of  Great-Bri- 
tain to  repeal  its  Orders  in  Council ',  and  thereby  author- 
ize a  removal  of  the  existing  obstructions  to  her  commerces 
with  the  United  States.  .i.  h  . 

Instead  of  this  reasonable  step  towards  8atisfaclioh,^hd 
friendship  between  the  two  nations,  the  Orders  wefe^  at  d 
moment  when  least  to  have  been  expected,  put  into  nior^ 
vigorous  execution  ;  and  it  was  conimunicated  through  the 
British  Envoy,  just  arrived,  that  whilst  the  revocation  of 
the  £dicts  of  France,  as  officially  made  known  to  the  Britisli 
government,  was  denied  to  have  taken  place  ;  it  was  an 


,   H 


'fi 


%\ 


(  i 


IK 


I*) 

I 


JO 


mSTORY  OF  THE  WAtt. 


indispensable  coodilLion  of  the  repeal  of  the  British  Orders,, 
that  commerce  should  he  restored  to  h  fooiinor,  that  would 
admit  the  productions  and  nianufneUires  of  Great- Rn tarn, 
ivhen  owned  by  neutrals,  into  markets  shut  a^'aiust  them  by 
her  enemy;  the  Uoited  States  being  given  to  understand 
that,  in  the  mean  time,  a  continuance  of  their  non-impor- 
tation act  would  lead  to  measures  of  retaliation. 

At  a  later  date,  it  has  iiide<'d  appeared,  th:it  a  commn- 
nication  to  the  British  srovernment,  of  fresh  e\  idence  of  the 
re|)eal  of  the  French  Decrees  aa^ainst  our  neutral  trade, 
was  followed  by  an  intimation,  that  it  had  been  transmitted 
to  the  British  Plenipotentiary  liel*e ;  (n  order  that  it  might 
receive  full  consideration  in  the  depending  discussions. 
This  communication  appears  not  to  h«ve  been  received ; 
but  the  transmission  or  it  hither,  instead  of  foiiiidiug  on  it 
an  actual  repeal  of  the  Orders,  or  assurances  that  the  re- 
peal would  ensue,  '-vili  not  permit  us  to  reiy  on  any  effect- 
ive change  in  the  British  cabinet.  To  be  ready  to  meet 
with  cordiality  satisfactory  proofs  of  such  a  change,  and  to 
pro<jeed,in  the  mean  time,  in  adapting  our  measures  to  the 
tiews  which  have  been  disclosed  through  that  minister,  wdl 
l>est  consult  our  whole  <luty. 

In  the  unfriendly  spirit  of  those  disclosures,  indemnitv 
and  redress  for  other  wrongs  have  continued  to  be  withheld, 
and  our  coasts  and  the  mouths  of  our  harbors  have  ag-ain 
tvitnessed  scenes,  not  less  derogatory  to  the  dearest  of  our 
hatiohal  rights,  than  vexatious  to  the  regular  course  of  uur 

l^de.  ^r^.,.  ■■  ^   '.  [.'- 

Among  the  occtot'i*eiV<^^ji  j^rodnced  by  the  donduct  of 
British  i^ips  ot  war  hovering  on  our  coasts,  was  an  encoun- 
ter Wtween  one  oftheiii  and  th^  American  frigate  com- 
matided  by  Captain  Rogers,  rendered  unavoidable  on  the 
partpf  the  fatler,  by  a  fire  commenced  without  cause  by  the 
Tormer ;  whoile  l:ommander  is  therefore,  alone  chargeable 
Willi  the  blood  unfortunately  shed  in  maintaining  the  honor 
of  t|ie  American  flag.  Hie  proceedings  of  a  cOnrt  of  en- 
quiry»  requested  by  Captain  Rogers,  are  communicated ; 
togiiNher  with  the  correspondence  relating  to  the  occurrence 
between  the  Secretary  of  Stale,  and  his  firitanhic  ^mi^esty's 
Envoy.  1*0  these  are  added,  the  several  correspondences 
which  have  |)assed  on  the  subject  of  the  British  Orders  in 
Gouocil ;  and  to  both  the  correspondence  relating  to  the 


ploridas, 
the  interi 
has  tbou^ 
United  S 
The  y 
thei»arto 
and  since 
peclatioii 
pleasure 
claims 
]So  proo 
the  other 
larly  to 
seized  ai 
sdfecting 
into  que 
gereuts, 
pies,  ^ha 

»mpl«' 

la  ad' 

that  uat 

dissatis^ 

which  tl 

jecled  : 

corresp< 

the  \^n 

On  a 

sent  tq 
tions  ;.. 
and  by 
ernmei 
to  it  th 
Our 
changi 

ship. 
\y  dis 
that  V 
Mmis 
teiKiei 
badb 
$ers  V 


HI9TOIIT  OF  THE  VTAX^.  %X 

jFIoridas,  in  which  Coii|rreHS  will  be  made  acquainted  with 
the  interpiMitiuH  which  the  government  of  Great^Britain 
has  tbuuu^ht  proj><^|'  ^^ipaM^agi|i|^tthe  proce^injrt  of  th« 

The  justice,  and  fairness  which  have  beep  evinced  OH 
the  pari  01  the  United  States  towards  l^'rance,  t>oth  befpre 
and  since  tlie  revocation  of  her  Decrees,  authorised  an  ex« 
pectation  that  her  government  would  have  fallowed  up  that 
measure  by  all  such  others  as  w^re  due  to  our  reasonabl^b 
claims  as  well  as  dictated  by  iLs  amicable  professions. 
JSo  prool,  however,  is  yet  given  of  an  intention  to  re^iair 
the  other  wrongs  done  to  the  United  States :  and  particu« 
larly  to  restore  the  great  amount  of  American- proi)eriy 
seized  and  condemned  undor  Edicts,  w;hich,  though  no|. 
aifecting  our  neutral  relations,  and  therefore,  not  enttirinff 
into  questions  between  the  United  States  and  o^her  belFi- 
gerents,  were  nevertheless  fpundeJ  in  such  unjust  priricU 
pies,  ^hat  the  reparation  ought  to  have  been  prompt  ani|[ 
ample. 

In  addition  to  this,  and  other  demands  of  strict  right, 'oA 
that  nation,  the  United  States  have  much  reaaon  to  be 
dissiitistied  with  the  rigorous  and  unexpected  restriqtiorifi,  ^ 
which  their  trade  with  the  French  dominipni  has  be^  sub- 
jected :  and  which,  if  not  discontiniied*  will  requife  at  lea^t 
corresponding  restrictions  on  importations  from  Ffan<$ts  inU> 
the  Onited  ^ates. 

On  a|l  those  subjects  our  Minister  Plentpotenliary,  l^tdiy 
sent  to  Paris,  has  carried  with  him  the  necessary  instruc- 
tions ;  tbe  result  of  which  will  be  communicated  %p  yoy, 
and  by  ascertaining  the  ulterior  policy  of  the  French  got- 
ernment  toward3  Uie  United  Stales,  will  enable  you  to  adapt 
to  it  that  of  the  United  states  towards  Franc«. 

Our  other  foreign  relations  remain  without  unfavorable 
changes.  With  Kussia  they  are  on  the  best  Noting  of  friend- 
ship. The  ports  of  Sweden  have  afforded  proofs  of  friend- 
ly dispositions  towards  our  commerce,  in  the  councils  6f 
that  nation  also.  And  the  information  from  out  special 
Minister  to  Denmark,  shews  that  the  mission  had  been  at- 
tenaed  witli  valuable  effecU  to  our  citizens,  whose  property 
had  been  so  extensively  violated  and  endangered  by  crui- 
sers under  thp  panii^  fls^, 


I  'f^l 


'*4r4  %A#'  f  •» 


u^y 


s*l<  fi'fy/  -^i 


12 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


Under  the  ominous  indications  whicb  commanded  altcii; 
tion»  it  became  a  duty,  to  exert  the  uieans  committed  to  the 
Executive  Department,  in  providing  for  the  general  securi- 
ty. The  works  of  defence  on  our  maritime  frontier  have 
accordingly  been  prosecuted,  with  an  activity  leaving*  little 
to  be  added  for  the  completion  of  the  most  important  ones  ; 
and  &s  particularly  suited  for  co-operation  in  enteri^enries, 
a  portion  of  the  Gun>Bottts,  have,  in  particular  harbors, 
been  ordered  into  use.  The  shi|>s  of  war  before  in  commis- 
sion, with  the  addition  of  a  frigate,  have  been  chiefly  em- 
ployed, as  a  cruizing*  guard  to  the  rights  of  our  coast.  And 
sucn  a  disposition  has  been  made  of  our  land  forces,  as  was 
thought  to  promise  the  services  most  appropriate  and  impor- 
tant. In  this  disposition  is  included  a  force,  consisting  of 
regulars  and  militia,  embodied  in  the  Indiana  Territory,  and 
inarched  towai^s  our  North-Westem  frontier. — This  meas- 
ure M*as  made  requisite  by  several  murders  and  depreda- 
tions committed  by  Indians ;  but  more  especially  by  the 
menacing  preparations  and  aspect  of  a  combiitatioii  of  them 
on  the  Wabash  luider  the  influence  and  direction  of  a  fa- 
natic of  the  Shawanese  tribe.  With  these  exceptions,  the 
Indian  tribes  retain  their  peaceable  dispositions  towards  us, 
and  their  usual  pursuits. 

I  must  now  add,  that  the  period  is  arrived  which  claims 
from  the  Legislative  Guardians  of  the  national  rights  a  sys- 
tem of  more  ample  provisions  for  maintaining  them.  ISol- 
/withstanding  the  scrupulous  justice,  the  protracted  mode- 
ration, and  the  multiplied  efl'orts  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States,  to  substitute  for  the  accumulating  dangers  to  the 
peace  of  the  two  countries,  all  the  mutual  advantages  of 
re-established  friendship  and  confidence ;  we  have  seen  that 
the  British  Cabinet  perseveres  not  only  in  withholding  a 
remedy  for  other  wrongs  so  long  and  so  loudly  calling 
/or  it ;  but  in  the  execution  brought  home  to  the  threshold 
of  our  territory,  of  measures  which  under  existing  circum- 
ttances,  have  the  character,  as  well  as  the  eft'ect  of  war  on 
our  lawful  commerce. 

With  this  evidence  of  hostile  inflexibility,  in  trampling 
on  rights  which  no  independent  nation  can  relinquish.  Con- 
gress will  feel  the  duty  of  putting  the  United  States  into 
an  armor,  and  an  attitude,  demanded  by  the  crisis,  and 
corresponding  with  the  national  spirit  and  (expectations, 


1 

■si 


1  recon 
made  ^t: 
of  the  rej;;. 
e.d  for  a  m 
corps,  who 
urgent  ser' 
of  oilier  p< 
tion  of  the 
its  intrinsii 
mind  you 
which,  in  < 
ufour  raili 
The  mi 
ceeded  wi 
the  necess 
w'\\\  not  b( 
ize  an  enla 
Your  at 
sionsy  on  t 
for  the  ser 
roit  to  Cor 
augment  t 
their  natui 
III  cont4 
mentous  e 
it  is  imp* 
among  th( 
portion  of 
borhood. 
ed  forecas 
an  obligal 
cherish  re 
progress  ' 
order  o^tl 
Under 
tion  of  Cc 
guards  a; 
cial  laws 
every  wh 
ments,  w 
u  fraud  is 
state,  attf 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


la 


I  recoTriieri(l  accordin£r|y»  that  adequate  provision  be 
mnde  ^t-:  mt^  the  ranks  and  prolonging^  the  enlistments, 
of  the  re^i.  xartroo}>H  :  for  an  auxiliary  force,  to  be  engag« 
ed  for  a  more  limited  term  ;  for  the  ucce|»tance  of  volunteer 
corps,  whose  patriotic  ardor  may  court  a  participation  in 
urgent  services  ;  for  detachments,  as  they  may  be  wanted, 
of  oilier  portions  of  the  militia;  and  tor  such  a  prepara- 
tion of  the  great  body,  as  will  proportion  its  usefulness  to 
its  intrinsic  capacities.  Nor  can  the  occasion  fail  to  re« 
mind  you  of  the  impoi'tance  of  those  military  Seminaries, 
M'hich,  in  every  event,  will  form  a  valuable  and  frugal  put 
of  our  military  establishment. 

The  manufacture  of  cannon  and  small  arms  has  pro- 
ceeded with  due  success,  and  the  stock  and  resources  of  all 
the  necessary  munitions  are  adequate  to  emergencies.  It 
will  not  be  inexpedient,  however,  for  Congress  to  author- 
ize an  enlargement  of  them. 

Your  attention  will  of  course  be^drawn  to  such  provi- 
sions, on  the  subject  of  our  naval  force,  as  may  be  I'equired 
for  the  services  to  which  it  may  be  best  adapted.  I  sub- 
mit to  Congress  the  seasonableness  also,  of  an  authority  to 
augment  the  stock  of  such  materials,  as  are  imperishable  iu 
their  nature,  or  may  not  at  once  be  attainable. 

In  contemplating  the  scenes  which  distinguish  this  mo- 
mentous epoch,  and  estimating  their  claims  to  ourattention, 
it  is  impossible  to  overlook  those  developing  themselves 
among  the  great  communities  which  occupy  the  southern 
portion  of  our  own  hemisphere,  and  extend  into  our  neigh- 
borhood. An  enlarged  philanthropy,  and  an  enlighten- 
ed forecast,  concur  in  imposing  on  the  National  Councils 
an  obligation  to  take  a  deep  interest  in  their  destinies  :  to 
cherish  reciprocal  sentiments  of  good  will  ;  to  regard  the 
progress  of  events  ;  and  not  to  be  unprepared  for  whatever 
order  o^'things  may  be  ultimately  established. 

Under  another  aspect  of  our  situation,  the  early  allen- 
tion  of  Congress  will  be  due  to  the  expediency  of  further 
guards  against  evasions  and  infractions  of  our  commer- 
cial laws.  The  practice  of  smuggling,  which  is  odious 
every  where,  and  particularly  criminal  in  free  govern- 
ments, where  the  laws  being  made  by  all,  for  the  good  of  all, 
a  fraud  is  committed  on  every  individual  as  well  as  on  tliu 
state,  attains  its  utmost  guilt,  when  it  blends,  with  a  pur- 


'*    < 


(M: 


, ' 


14 


0I8TOBY  OF  T9E  WAJK, 


•ilit  of  ignoBdinioiu  gain,  a  treacherous  tubflerviency  in  tbi; 
trarisgreiwors,  to  a  foreign  policy,  aiivenie  to  that  of  tlieir 
own  country.  It  is  then  that  the  virtuous  indignation  c  T 
the  public  should  b«  enabled  to  manifest  itself,  through  the 
regular  animadversions  of  the  most  coin|>etent  laws. 
V  To  secure  greater  respect  to  our  mercantile  Hag,  and  to 
the  honest  interest  which  it  covers,  it  is  ex|)edieiit  also,  that 
it  We  made  punihhable  in  our  citzeiis,  to  accept  licences 
from  foreign  governments,  for  a  trade  unlawfully  interdict- 
ed by  them  to  other  American  citizens ;  or  to  trade  under 
falsiB  colors  or  papers  of  any  sort. 

A  prohibition  is  equally  called  for,  against  the  accept-^ 
ance,  by  our  citizens  ot  special  licences,  to  be  used  i|i  a 
trade  with  the  United  Stales ;  and  at^'ainst  the  admission 
into  particular  ports  of  the  United  States,  of  vessels 
from  foreign  countries,  authorised  to  trade  with  particular 
ports  on'y. 

Aithouirh  other  subjects  will  press  more  immediately  on 
your  deliberations,  a  portion  of  them  cannot  but  be  well  be- 
stowed, on  the  just  and  sound  policy  of  securing  to  our 
manufactures  the  success  they  have  attaineil,  and  are  stil) 
attaining,  in  some  degree,  under  the  impulse  of  causes  not 
pei'inanent ;  and  to  our  navigation,  the  fair  extent  of  which 
it  is  at  present  abridged  by  the  uiiequai  regulations  of  for- 
eign governments.  ^udurii^-n  U<in.:i:^d^  k»M* >Kia.  .-; ' 

Besides  the  reasonableness  of  saving  our  manufacturers 
from  sacrifices  which  a  change  of  circumstances  might 
bring  on  them,  the  national  interest  reqiires,  that,  with  res^ 
pect  to  such  articles  at  least  as  belong  to  our  defence,  and 
our  primary  wants,  we  should  not  be  left  in  unnecessary 
dependence  on  external  supplies.  And  whilst  for- 
eign governments  adhere  to  the  existing  discriminations  iu 
^eir  ports  against  our  navigation,  and  an  equality  or  lea- 
ser discrimination  is  enjoyed  by  their  navigation  in  our 
ports,  the  effect  cannot  be  mistaken,  because  it  has  been 
seriously  felt  by  our  shipping  interests  ;  and  in  proportioo 
as  this  takes  place,  the  advantages  of  an  independent  con- 
Teyauce  of  our  products  to  foreign  markets,  and  of  a  growr 
ing  body  of  manners,  trained  by  their  occupations  for  the 
service  of  their  couutry  in  times  of  danger,  must  be  diiiin- 
ished.  '  -       -r ,.  ..,^^... 


nnrroRT  ov  tvb  wab.  li 

Th^  receipts  into  Ihe  Treanary,  durih{|r  the  year,  vmling 
on  the  thirtieth  of  September  letl,  have  exceeded  thirteea 
ImillionA  anil  a  half  of  dollars,  and  have  enabled  as  to  de* 
^rAy  the  current  expenses,  inekH)in|^  the  interest  on  the 
public  debt,  and  to  reimburse  more  than  five  millions  of 
dollars  ot  the  principal,  without  recurring  to  the  loan  au» 
thorized  by  the  act  of  the  last  session.  The  temporarjr 
loan  obtained  in  the  latter  end  of  the  year  one  thousand 
eijrht  hundred  and  ten,  has  also  been  reimbursed,  and  is 
not  included  in  that  amount 

The  decrease  of  revenue,  arising  from  the  situation  of 
our  commerce  and  the  extraordinary  expences  which  have 
and  may  become  necessary,  must  be  taken  into  view,  ta 
making;  commensurate  provisions  for  the  ensuing  year^ 
And  I  recommend  to  your  consideration  the  propriety  of 
ensuring  a  sufficiency  of  annual  revenue,  at  least  to  defray 
the  ordinary  expences  of  government,  and  to  pay  the  inter- 
est on  the  public  debt,  including  that  on  new  loans  which 
mav  be  authorized. 

I  cannot  close  this  communication  without  expressing  my 
deep  sense  of  the  crisis  in  which  you  are  assembled ;  my 
confidence  in  a  wise  and  honorable  result  to  vour  oeiioer- 
ations,  and  assurances  of  the  faithful  zeal  with  which  my 
co-operating  duties  will  be  discharged ;  invoking  at  the 
same  time,  the  blessing  of  heaven  on  our  beloved  country, 
and  on  all  the  means,  that  may  be  employed  in  vindicating 
its  rights,  and  advancing  its  welfare. 

(Signed)      ■■  JAMES  MADISON,  t 

OFFICIAL  CORRESPONDENCE,        nA 

BEFEKRED  TO  IN  TUE  PRECEDING  MESSAGE*  ii:H 

Mr,  Foster  to  Mr.  Monroe.  -  ?  r 

Washington,  July  3,  1811.  it 
SIR— I  have  had  the  honor  of  stating  to  you  verbally  the 
system  of  defence  to  which  his  majesty  has  been  compelled 
to  resort  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  marititue  rights 
and  interests  of  his  dominions  against  the  nsw  description  of 
warfare  that  has  been  adopted  by  his  enemies.  I  have  pre- 
sented to  you  the  grounds  upon  which  his  majesty  iinds 
himself  still  obliged  to  continue  that  system,  and  I  conceive 
that  I  shall  best  meet  your  wishes  as  expressed  to  me  this 
morning,  if  in  a  more  formal  shape  i  should  lay  before  you 


1 

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,! 


i 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAK. 


i!!^'^^ 


!|^f 


the  irbole  extent  of  the  question,  an  it  appears  to  hJR  mftjttSh 
ty's  government  to  exist  between  Great-Urilain  and  Amer- 
ica. ^    '^'lit  tlHii  IHitJ     "U    iiilt    '(   / 

I  beg  leave  to  c^tl  your  attention,  sir,  to  the  principles  on 
which  his  majesty  *s  Orders  in  Council  were  ori^inallyil'ound- 
ed.  The  Decree  of  BeHin  was  directly  and  expressly  an 
act  of  war,  by  which  France  prohibited  all  nations  from 
trade  or  intercourse  with  Great-Britain  under  peril  of  con> 
fiscation  of  their  ships  and  merchandize  ;  although  France 
had  not  the  means  of  imposing  an  actual  blockade  in  any 
degree  adequate  to  such  a  pi)rf)ose.  The  immediate  and 
professed  object  of  this  hostile  D«rcree  was  the  destruction 
of  all  British  commerce  through  means  entirely  unsanctioned 
by  the  law  of  nations,  and  unauthorised  by  any  received 
doctrine  of  legitimatt?  blockade. 

This  violation  of  the  established  law  of  civilized  nations 
in  war,  would  have  justified  Great-Britain  in  retaliating 
upon  the  enemy  by  a  similar  interdiction  of  all  commerce 
with  France,  and  with  such  other  countries  as  might  co-op- 
erate with  France  iu  her  system  of  commercial  hostility 
against  Great-Britain.  ,..  j?.  .,,;fj-,  -v,^  ,^v. .  .F 

The  object  of  Great-Britain  was  not,  however,  the  des- 
truction of  trade,  but  its  preservation  under  such  regula- 
tions as  might  be[compatible  with  her  own  security,  at  the 
aame  time  that  she  extended  an  indulgence  to  foreign  com- 
merce, which  strict  principles  would  have  entitled  her  to 
withhold.  The  retaliation  of  Great-Britain  was  not  there- 
fore urged  to  the  full  extent  of  her  right ;  our  prohibition 
of  French  trade  was  not  absolute,  but  modified  ;  and  in  re- 
turn for  the  absolute  prohibition  of  ail  trade  with  Greal- 
Britain,  we  prohibited  not  all  commerce  with  France,  but 
all  such  commerce  with  France  as  should  not  be  earned  on 
through  Great-Britain.     »    /7/ 

if  Jt  was  evident  that  this  system  must  prove  prejudicial  to 
neutral  nations  ;  this  calamity  was  foreseen,  and  deeply  re- 
gretted. But  the  injury  to  the  neutral  nation  arose  iroia 
the  aggression  of  France,  which  had  compelled  Great-Bri- 
tain in  her  own  defence  to  resort  to  adequate  retaliatory 
measures  of  war.  The  operation  on  the  American  com- 
merce of  those  precautions,  which  the  conduct  of  France 
had  rendered  indispensable  to  our  security,  is  therefore  to 
he  ascribed  to  the  unwarrantable  aggression  of  France,  and 


IJI.'^TOUV  Ol'  HIE  WAK. 


17 


viul  lu  ihoscnrocecdini^sontlic  piu'lui' (ircat-nrilaiii,  which 
that  ag«;;re8Si'jn  hail  reiulcTcd  necoNsary  ami  jiUit. 

The  objfol  u\'  our  system  was  merely  lo  cuunteract  an  at- 
tempt lo  crush  the  BnLish  traile  ;  Great-IVitain  ciideavur- 
cd  to  permil  the  coittinejit  to  receive  as  hir^e  a  portion  of 
commerce  as  mif^ht  he  practicable,  throi^g^h  Greal-Brihiin; 
and  ull  her  subsequent  regulations,  and  every  modiHcation 
of  her  system  by  new  orders  or  modes  of  ^rantine^  or  with- 
holding licences^  have  been  calculated  for  the  purpose  of 
encouraging  the  trade  of  neutrals  through  (ireat-Britain, 
whenever  such  encouragement  might  appear  advantageous 
to  the  general  interests  of  commerce,  and  consistent  with 
the  public  safety  of  the  nation.     The  justiiication  of  his  mi- 
jesty's  Orders  in  Council,  and  the  continuance  of  that  de- 
fence, have  always  been  rested  upon   the  existence  of  the 
Decrees  of  Berlii>and  Milan,  and   on  the  perseverance  of 
the  eoemy  in  the  system  of  hostility,  which  has  subverted 
the  rights  of  neutral  commerce  on  the  continent ;  and  it  has 
always  been  declared  on  the  part  of  his  majtsly*s  govern- 
ment, that  whenever  France  should  have  effectually  repeal- 
ed the  Decrees  of  Berlin  and  Milan,  and  should  have  re- 
stored neutral  commerce  to  the  condition  in  which  it  stood 
previously  to  the  promulgation  of  those  Decrees,  we  should 
immediately  repeal  our  Orders  in  Council.  ,   . 

France  has  asserted  that  the  Decree  of  Berlin  was  a 
measure  of  just  retaliation  on  her  part,  occasioned  by  our 
pi'evious  ao-jri-ession  ;  and  th«  French  government  has  in- 
sisted that  our  system  of  blockacit.  as  it  existed  previously 
to  the  Decree  of  Ber« ill,  was  a  manifest  violation  of  the  re- 
ceived law  of  nations  ;  we  must  therefore,  sir,  refer  to  the 
ariides  of  the  Berlin  Decree,  to  find  the  principles  of  our 
system  of  blockade,  which  France  considers  to  be  new,  and 
contrary  to  the  law  of  nations. 

By  the  4th  and  8lh  articles  it  i*?  stated  as  a  justiticalioii 
of  the  French  Decree,  that  Great-Britain  *  extends  to  unfor- 
tified towns  and  con^mercial  ports,  to  harbors,  and  to  the 
mouthy  of  rivers,  those  rights  of  blockade,  which  by  the  rea- 
son and  the  usage  of  nations,  are  applicable  only  to  fortified 
places  ;  and  that  the  rights  of  blockade  ought  to  be  limit- 
,  ed  to  fortresses  really  invested  by  a  sufiicient  force. 

It  is  added  in  the  same  articles  that  Great-Brittin  *  has 
declared  places  to  be  in  a  slate  of  blockade,  before  which 

3 


:i 


■  i 


' 


Ift 


HISTORY  OF  TBC  WAR, 


she  has  not  a  sing^le  ship  of  war,  and  even  places  trhich  the 
whole  British  force  would  be  insufficient  to  blockade ;  en- 
tire coasts,  and  a  whole  empire.* 

Neither  the  practice  of  Great- Britain,  nor  the  law  of  na- 
tions, has  ever  sanctioned  the  rale  now  laid  down  by 
France,  thai  no  place  excepting  fortresses  in  a  complete 
state  of  investiture,  can  be  deemed  lawfully  blockaded  by 
sea. 

If  such  a  rule  were  to  be  admitted,  it  would  become 
nearly  impracticable  for  Great-Britain  to  attempt  the  block- 
ade of  any  port  of  the  continent,  and  our  submission  to  this 
perversion  of  the  law  of  nations,  while  it  would  destroy  one 
of  the  principal  advantages  of  our  naval  superiority,  would 
sacrifice  the  common  rights  and  interests  of  all  maritime 
states. 

It  was  evident  that  the  blockade  of  May,  1806,  was  the 
principal  pretended  justification  of  the  IJecree  of  Berlin, 
thou^n  neither  the  principles  on  Which  that  blockade  was 
founded,  nor  its  practical  operatioa,  afforded  any  color  for 
the  proceedings  of  France.  ' 

In  point  of  date,  the  blockade  of  May,  1806,  torisceded 
the  Berlin  Decree ;  but  it  was  a  just  and  legal  blockade 
according  to  the  established  law  of  nations,  because  it  was 
intended  to  be  maintained,  and  was  actually  maintained  by 
an  adequate  force  appointed  to  guard  the  whole  coast  de- 
scribed in  the  nctification,  and  consequently  to  enforce  the 
blockade. 

Great-Britain  has  never  attempted  to  dispute,  that  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  the  law  of  nations,'  no  blockade  can  be 
justifiable  or  valid  unless  it  be  supported  by  an  adequate 
Ibrce  destiued  to  maintain  it,  and  to  expose  !o  hazard  all 
vessels  attempting  to  evade  its  operation.  The  blockade 
of  May,  18<)6,  was  notified  by  Mr.  Secretary  Fox,  on  this 
clear  principle,  nor  was  that  blockade  announced  until  he 
had  satisfied  himself  by  a  communication  with  his  majesty *s 
Board  of  Admiralty,  that  the  Admiralty  possessed  the 
means  and  would  employ  them,  of  watching  the  whole 
coast  from  Brest  to  the  £lbe^  and  of  eflectually  enforcing 
the  blockade. 

The  blockade  of  May,  1806,  was  therefore  (according 
to  the  doctrine  maintained  by  Great-Britain)  just  and  law- 
ful in  its  origin,  because  it  was  supported  by  both  in  inten- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAIi. 


\^ 


fion  nnJ  fuct  by  an  adeniiate  naval  force.  This  was  the 
justification  of  thai  blockade,  until  the  ^leriod  of  tiiu«  when 
the  Orders  in  Council  were  issued. 

The  Orders  in  Council  were  founded  on  a  distinct  prin- 
ciple, that  of  defensive  retaliation.  France  had  declared 
a  blockade  of  all  the  ports  and  coasts  of  Great- Britain,  and  , 
her  dependencies,  without  assigning,  or  being  able  to  assign, 
any  force  to  support  that  blockade.  Such  an  act  of  the  eo- 
eoiy  would  have  justified  a  declaration  of  the  blockade  of 
the  whole  coast  of  France,  even  without  the  application  of 
any  particular  force  to  that  service.  Since  the  promulga- 
tion of  the  Orders  in  Council,  the  blockade  of  May,  1800, 
lias  been  sustained  and  extended  by  the  more  coinprehen- 
sive  system  of  defensive  retaliation  on  which  tliON'e  regula- 
tions are  founded.  But  if  the  Orders  in  Council  should  be 
abrogated,  the  blockade  of  May,  1806,  could  not  continue 
under  our  construction  of  the  law  of  nations,  unless  that 
blockade  should  be  maintained  by  a  due  application  of  an 
adequate  naval  force. 

America  appears  to  concur  with  France  in  asserting  that 
Great-Bi'itain  was  the  original  aggressor  in  the  attack  on 
neutral  rights,  and  has  particularly  objected  to  the  blockade 
of  May,  180G,  as  an  obvious  instance  of  that  aggression  on 
the  part  of  G  reat-Britai  o.      /      ,    v  , '  ^ 

Although  the  doctrines  of  the  fieri  in  Decree,  respecting 
the  rights  of  blockade,  are  not  directly  asserted  by  the 
American  government,  Mr.  Pinckney  s  correspondence 
would  appear  to  countenance  the  principles  on  which  those 
doctrines  are  founded.  The  objection  direclV  stated  by 
America  against  the  blockade  of  May,  180u,  rests  on  a 
supposition  that  no  naval  force  which  Great- Britain  pos- 
sessed, or  could  have  employed  for  such  a  purpose,  could 
have  rendered  that  blockade  effectual,  and,  that  therefore  it 
was  necessarily  irregular,  and  could  not  possibly  be  main- 
tained in  conformity  to  the  law  of  nations. 

Reviewing  the  course  of  this  statement,  it  will  appear  that 
the  blockade  of  May,  1S|0G,  cannot  be  deemed  contrary  to 
the  law  of  nations,  either  under  the  objections  urged  by  the 
French,  or  under  those  declared  or  insinuated  by  the  Amer- 
ican government,  because  that  blockade  was  maintained 
by  a  sufficient  nsivai  force;  that  the  Decree  of  Berlin  was 
not  therefore  justified  ei^^er,  under  the  pretext  alledged  by 


■ 


m 


•^"pi* 


rr 


M 


^ 


*20 


III.STOKV  or  THE  \\\n 


France,  or  uiuWiIiohc  Kiippoihtl  l)y  Aiiu.im  a  ,  lliat  llic  Oi  -  ; 
ders  ill  Cuuncil  wer^  founded  on  a  JMst  principle  of  defciikivo  [• 
j'ctalinlioii  against  the  violation  oftlieliiw  of  nations  com* 
mittcd  by  France  in  the  Decrpo  of  l)i>rlin  ;  (hat  the  hlock- 
adeofMay,  180(>,  is  now  included  in  the  uiom;  rxlonsive 
operation  of  the  Orders  in  Council ;  and  lastly,  that  the  Oi « 
ders  in  Council  will  not  bo  continued  beyond  the  eflfert^ual 
duration  of  the  hostila  decrees  of  France,  nor  will  the  block- 
ade of  May,  18()(5,  continue  after  the  repeal  of  the  Orders 
in  Council,  unless  his  majesty's  j^ovcrninent  Khali  think  fit 
to  sustain  it  by  the  special  application  of  a  sufHcient  nnvnl 
force.  This  fact  will  not  be  snflfered  ^o  remain  in  doubt, 
and  if  the  re{)^al  of  the  Orders  in  Council  should  take  place, 
the  intention  of  his  mnje»ity*»  grpvernment  rcspecliu}^  the. 
blockade  of  May,  1806,  will  be  notified  at  the  same  time. 

I  need  not  recapitulate  to  you  the  sentiments  of  his  ma- 
jesty's government,  so  often  repeated,  on  the  subject  of  the 
French  Minister's  note  to  General  Armstrong,  dated  the  6th 
of  last  August.  The  studied  ambiguity  of  t^at  note  has 
since  been  amply  explained  by  the  conduct  and  language 
of  the  government  of  France,  of  which  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable instance^  is  to  be  found  in  the  $[)cech  of  the  chief 
of  the  French  government  on  the  1 7lh  of  last  month  to  cer- 
tain deputies  from  the  frep  cities  of  Hamburgh,  Bremen, 
and  Lubeck,  wherein  he  declares  that  the  Berlin  and 
Milan  Decrees  shall  bo  the  public  code  of  France  as  long 
ns  England  maintains  her  Orders  in  Council  of  1806, 
and  1807.  Thus  pronouncing  as  plainly  as  language  will 
admit,  that  the  system  of  violence  ".nd  inJMstice  of  which  he 
is  the  founder,  xyill  he  maintaineti  by  him  until  the  defen- 
sive measures  of  retaliation  to  which  they  gave  rise  qn  the 
part  or  Great-Britain  i^hall  be  abandoned.  •- .  •  -^-^ 

If  other  proofs  were  necessary  to  show  the  continued  ex- 
istence of  those  obnoxious  Decrees,  they  may  be  discover- 
ed in  the  Imperial  Edict  dated  at  Fontainbieau,  October 
19,  1810  J  that  monstrous  production  of  violence,  in  which 
they  are  made  the  basis  of  a' system  of  general  and  unex- 
ampled tyranny  and  oppression  over  all  countries  subject 
to,  a^'.ied  with,  or  within  the  reach  of  the  power  of  France  , 
in  the  report  of  the  French  minister  for  foreign  affairs  dated 
last  December,  and  in  the  letter  of  the  French  minister  of 
justice  to  the  president  of  the  council  of  prizes.     To  tliih 


tatter,  sir, 
ihe  d;ite  \^ 
most  uiirp 
4)1'  Massa, 
in  const<| 
lamatidn 
ihalthe  !• 
to  sncli  i< 
HUot«'s  at 
tlie  new  a 
au  evideni 
American 
INldan  De 
-jfovernme 
judgment 
the  Amer 
pledges  f( 
Can  th( 
ed  at  the 
the  Unitei 
non-impoi 
at  this  mc 
which  I  hi 
For  even 
it  is  clear 
that  not  b 
Orleans  1 
Green,  se 
sing  und€ 
very  evid 
being  trc 
that  the  c 
Ameri 
ns  it  respi 
form  me, 
their  Liiai 
Novemb( 
been  res 
France  s 
America 
olherwis( 
ihn  revo( 


HISTORY    OI     Tilt:  WAR. 


-•1 


latter,  sir,  I  woiiM  wisji  parliciilirly  lu  niviU;  your  uUcnli<iii ; 
lliedtite  is  the  tiriili  nt'c'L'm'>tr,  ihc  :iutlhriiy  it  comes  from 
most  iiiir|tio.slioiiul>l<),  ami  you  will  there  tiiui,  .sir,  the  Duku 
of  Massii,  ill  i^iviii^  liin  instriiclioiiN  to  ilie  eoiiticil  of  pn/es 
ill  consicpieaei*  of  tlic  PresiiUiit  of  the  United  Stales'  proc- 
lamation of  Novcnilit  r  '.\,  iiiosl  rauliouHly  avoidiii"^  to  nHMert 
thut  the  FrcMu li  Dirrcrs  were  repealed,  mid  asicriliin)^  iiui 
to  i^ncli  re|)t>;i1,  l>ul  to  tiit.'  anii)i<;'nunK  pusnuge  which  ho 
<|uot«'s  at  l»ii|^lh  from  M.  Champamiy's  letter  of  August  f>, 
the  new  attitude  tjken  by  America  ;  and  you  will  uUu  tiiid 
au  evidence  iu  the  same  letter  of  the  continued  capture  of 
American  ships  atlcr  November,  and  under  the  Berlin  and 
Milan  Decrees,  liaviiig- been  contemplated  by  the  French 
jXovernment,  since  there  is  a  special  direction  given  for 
judgment  on  such  ships  being  suspended  in  consequence  of 
the  American  proctamulion,  and  for  their  being  kept  as 
pledges  for  its  enforcement.  .  .     .,/,...>,/    :    i      . 

Can  thqn,  sir,  these  Decrees  be  said  to  have  been  repeal*- 
ed  at  the  period  when  the  proclamation  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States  appeared*  or  when  America  enforced  her 
non-importation  act  a"[ainst  Great-Britain  ?  Are  they  so 
ui  this  moment  ?  To  the  iirst  question,  the  stale  papers 
which  I  have  referred  to,  appear  to  give  a  sufficient  answer. 
For  even  supposing  that  the  repeal  has  since  taken  place, 
it  is  clear  that  on  November  3,  there  was  no  question  as  to 
that  not  beipg  then  the  case  ;  the  capture  of  the  ship  New- 
Orleans  Packed  seized  at  Bordeaux,  and  the  Grace- Ann- 
Cireen,  seized  at  or  carried  into  Marseilles,  being  cases  ari- 
sing under  the  French  Decrees  of  Berlin  and  Milan,  a<?  is 
very  evident.  (jlreat-Prit(|in  might  therefore  complain  of 
being  treated  with  injustice  by  America,  even  supposing 
that  the  conduct  of  France  had  since  been  unequivocal. 

America  contends  that  the  f^rench  Decrees  are  revoked 
as  it  respects  her  ships  upon  the  high  seas,  and  you,  sir,  in- 
form me,  that  the  only  two  American  ships  taken  under 
their  Liiaritime  operation,  as  you  arepleased  to  term  it,  since 
November  1,  have  been  restored  ;  but  may  not  they  have 
been  restored  in  consequence  of  the  satisfaction  fell  in 
France  at  the  passing  of  the  non-im))ortation  act  in  the 
American  Congress,  an  event  so  little  to  be  expected  ;  for 
otherwise,  having  been  captured  in  direct  contradiction  to 
\\i'.'  revoratioii,  wliv  were  they  not  restored  immediatelv  ? 


*  « 


L    It 
1< 


>  '1 


1> 


H\  I 


h'l  1 


ftft,  HISTORY  OF  TBK  \l  All. 

TIjc  If ars  ot  Ihe  French  navy,  however,  prevent  ninny 
c&ACft  of  the  kin<l  occurring  on  the  ocean  under  Ihe  Dccretx 
of  Berlin  and  Milan  ;  but  the  most  ohnosious  and  destruc- 
'.ivc  parti  of  thotie  Decreet  are  exercised  with  full  violence 
At  only  in  the  |K>rtt  uf  France,  hut  in  those  of  all  other 
vT^untries  to  which  France  thiukM  she  can  commit  injustice 
vith  impunity. 

Great-Britain  has  a  right  to  complain  thatncutt  al  nations 
should  overlook  the  very  worst  features  uf  these,  extraordi- 
nary acts,  and  should  suffer  their  trade  to  be  made  a  medi- 
um of  an  unprecedented,  violent,  and  monstrous  system  of 
attack  upon  ner  resources ;  a  species  of  warfare  unutlempl- 
ed  by  any  civilized  nation  before  the  present  period.  I^ot 
only  has  America  suffered  her  trade  to  be  moulded  into  the 
means  of  annoyance  to  Great-Britain  under  the  provisions 
of  the  French  JJecrees,  but  as  construing  those  llecrees  as 
extinct,  upon  a  deceitful  declaration  of  the  French  Cabinet, 
she  has  enforced  h^r  Don-iroportation  act  against  Gr^^t- 
Isritam.  < 

Under  these  circumstances,  I  am  instructed  by  my  gov- 
ernment, to  urge  to  that  of  the  United  States,  the  injustice 
of  thus  enforcing  that  act  against  his  majesty's  dominions, 
and  1  cannot  but  hope  that  a  spirit  of  justice  will  induce  the 
United  States'  government  to  re-consider  the  line  of  con- 
duct they  have  pursued,  and  at  least  to  re-establish  their 
former  slate  of  strict  neutrality.  '  " '  ,  .  '  r 

I  have  only  to  add,  sir,  that,  on  my  part,  I  shall  ever  be 
ready  to  meet  you  on  any  opening  which  may  seem  to  af- 
ford a  prospect  of  restoring  complete  harmony  between  the 
two  countries,  and  that  it  will  at  all  times  give  me  the  great- 
est "itisfaction  to  treat  with  you  on  the  im^iortaut  concerns 
ir      ^resting  to  both.  '\'     V, 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER. 

,'  Mr.  Foster  to  Mr.  M  our  or, 

Washington,  July  11, 1811. 
SIR — In  consequence  of  our  conversation  of  yesterday, 
and  the  observations  vvliich  vou  made  respecting  that  paii  of 
my  letter  to  you  of  the  3d  uist.  wherein  I  have  alluded  to 
^iie  f'  inciple  on  which  his  majesty's  Orders  in  Council  were 
orig'anally  founded,  I  think  it  right  to  explain  myself,  in  or- 


niSTORY  or  TRB  WAK. 


23 


der  to  prevent  any  poMxilile  miitake  nn  to  the  preif  lU  Nitua' 
tion  of  neulrnl  trade  iviih  \\\n  majesty's  enemies. 

It  will  only  be  neccMHiiry  for  me  to  repeat  what  has  al- 
ready, lon|^  Hinre,  been  annoiuircd  to  the  American  ^t- 
erimient,  namely,  that  liiK  roaje»ty*ii  Order  in  Council  of 
April 26,  1800,  sup^rreded  ilio*»e  of  November,  1807,  and 
releived  the  system  of  retaliation  adopted  by  his  majesty 
against  his  enemies  from  what  was  considerea  in  this  coan- 
try  ns  the  most  objectionable  part  of  it ;  the  option  given  to 
neutrals  to  trade  with  the  enemies  of  Great- Britain,  through 
British  ports,  on  payment  of  a  transit  duty. 

This  explanation,  sir,  will,  I  trust,  be  sufficient  te  do  aviray 
any  impression  that  you  may  have  received  to  the  contrary 
from  niy  observations  respecting  the  effects  virhicb  his  ma- 
jesty's Orders  in  Council  originally  had  on  trade  of  neutral 
nations.  Those  observations  were  merely  meant  as  prelim- 
inary to  a  consideration  of  the  question  now  at  issue  between 
the  two  countries. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  highest  consideration  and 
respect,  sir,  your  most  obedient  huml)le  servant, 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER. 


.! 


Mr,  Foster  to  Mr,  Monroe.     "  ' 

Washington,  July  14, 1811. 

SIR — His  majesty's  packet  boat  having  been  s)  long 
detained,  and  a  fortnight  having  elapsed  since  my  arrival 
at  this  capitol,  his  royal  highness,  the  prince  regent  will  ne- 
cessarily expect  that  I  should  have  to  transmit  to  his  royal 
highness  some  official  communication  as  to  the  line  of  con- 
duct the  American  government  mean  to  pursue.  I  trust 
you  will  excuse  me  therefore,  sir,  if  without  pressing  for  a 
detailed  answer  to  my  note  of  the  3d  inst.  I  anxiously  desiret 
to  know  from  you  what  is  the  President's  determination 
with  res^toct  to  suspending  the  operation  of  the  late  Act  ot 
Congi'ess  prohibiting  all  importation  from  the  British  do- 
minions. 

There  have  been  repeated  avowals  lately  made  bv  the 
government  of  France,  that  the  Decrees  of  Berlin  anrf  Mi- 
lan w«^re  still  in  full  force,  and  the  nets  of  that  government 
have  corres|)onded  with  those  avowals. 

The  measnrcs  of  retaliation  pursued  by  Great-Britain 
a^auist  those  De'.iV'  s  are  consequently  to  the  great  regret 
of  his  royal  hjffhnes    still  necfx?arily  continued. 


»ii 


,, ,  r 


1!^ 


24 


UlSrOI^y,  OF  TH^  WAU. 


[  have  hud  the  honor  to  state  to  you  the  light  iti  which  his 
royalhififhness,  the  prince  regent  viewed  the  Proclamation 
of  the  President  ot  Ia«t  November,  and  Ihe  surprise  wilh 
wliich  be  ieariit  the  subsequent  measures  of  Congress  a]i;ainst 
the  BritJMh  trade.    ,/•  :,  ;  V   -  .  - «-    -^r-     /»; 

American  Khip$  siczed  under  his  majesty *s  Orders  in 
Council  even  after  that  Proclamatiju  appeared,  were  nut 
jjnimediately  conilemned,  because  it  was  believed  that  the  in- 
^idious  professions  of  France  might  have  led  the  American 
government,  and  the  merchants  of  America  into  an  erojic- 
ous  construction  of  the  intentions  of  France.   "V  *     ;  :,    V 

But  when  the  veil  was  thrown  aside,  and  the  French  ru- 
ler hunself  avowed  the  continued  c\istenco  of  his  invariable 
system,  it  was  not  expected  by  his  royal  highness  that  Amer- 
ica would  have  refused  to  retrace  the  steps  she  had  taken. 

Fresh  proofs  have  since  occurred  of  the  resolution  of  the 
French  government  to  cast  away  all  consideration  of  Ihc 
rights  of  nations  in  the  unprecedented  warfare  they  have 

adopted.  ,^  ,>...!,  ,vi.;ij  ^  .  .    .    ;    ...,*n 

America  however  still  persists  in  her  injurious  measures 
as:Ainst  the  commerce  of  Great-Britain,  and  his  roval  hi<;h- 
ness  has  in  consequence  been  obliged  to  look  to  means  of 
retaliation  against  those  measures  which  his  royal  highness 
cannot  but  consider  as  most  unjustifiable. 
.„  'How  desirable  would  it  not  be,  sir,  if  a  stop  could  be  put 
to  any  material  progress  in  such  a  system  of  retaliation, 
u'hich,  from  step  to  step  may  lead  to  the  most  unfriendly  sit- 
uation between  the  two  countries  ? 

His  majesty's  government  will  necessarily  be  guided  in  a 
great  degree  by  the  contents  of  my  first  despatches  as  to 
the  conduct  they  must  adopt  towards  America. 
.  Allow  me  then,  sir,  to  repeat  my  request  to  learn  from 
you  whether  I  may  not  convey  what  I  know  would  be  most 
grateful  to  his  royal  highness'  feelings,  namely,  the  hope 
that  he  may  be  enabled,  by  the  speedy  return  of  America 
from  her  unfriendly  altitude  towards  Great-Britain,  to  for- 
get  altogether  that  he  ever  was  obliged  to  have  any  omer 
object  in  view  besides  that  of  endeavoring  to  promote  the 
best  understanding  possible  between  the  two  countries, 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  highest  consideration, 
sir,  vourmost  obedient  humble  servant, 

Arr.r.«=^Tv:s  ,r.  foster. 


HISTORY  OF  THK  WAR. 


Mr. 


'  t 


.t  ■> 


Foster  to  Mr.  Monroe.  *    .  .  i 

I-  Washington,  July  16,  1811. 

SIR — I  had  Ihe  honor  to  receive  the  letter  which  you 
addressed  to  nie  under  yesterds«y's  date,  requesting  an  ex- 
planation from  me,  in  consequence  of  my  letters  of  the  3d 
and  14th  inst.  of  the  precise  extent  in  which  a  repeal  of  the 
French  Decrees  is  by  his  majesty's  government,  made  a 
condition  of  the  repeal  of  the  British  Orders,  and  particu- 
larly whether  the  condition  embraces  the  seizure  of  vessels 
and  merchandize  entering  French  ports  in  contravention  of 
French  regulations,  as  well  as  the  capture  on  the  high  seas, 
of  neutral  vessels  and  their  cargoes,  on  the  mere  allegation 
that  lliey  are  bound  to  or  from  British  ports,  or  that  they 
have  on  board  British  productions  or  manufactures  ;  as 
also,  stating  that  in  your  view  of  the  French  Decrees,  they 
comprise  regulations  esstatially  diifereiit  in  their  principles, 
some  of  them  violating  the  neutral  rights  of  the  United 
States,  others  operating  against  Great-Britain  without  any 
sucii  violation. 

You  will  permit  me,  sir,  for  the  purpose  of  answering 
your  questions  as  clearly  and  concisely  as  possible,  to  bring* 
into  view  the  French  Decrees  themselves,  together  with  the 
official  declarations  of  the  French  minister  which  accompa- 
nied them. 

In  the  body  of  those  Decrees,  and  in  the  declarations  al> 
liided  to,  you  will  tind,  sir,  express  avowals  that  the  princi- 
ples on  which  they  were  founded,  and  provisions  contained 
in  them,  are  wholly  new,  unprecedented,  and  in  direct  con- 
tradiction to  alt  ideas  of  justice  and  the  principles  and  usa- 
ges of  all  civilized  nations.  The  French  government  did 
not  pretend  to  sr>  that  any  one  of  the  regulations  contained 
in  those  Decrees  was  a  regulation  which  France  had  ever 
been  in  the  previous  practice  of. 

They  were  consequently  to  be  considered^  and  were  in- 
deed allowed  by  France  herself  to  be,  all  of  them,  parts  of  a 
new  system  of  warfare,  unauthorised  by  the  established  lawi^ 
of  nations. 

It  is  in  this  light  in  which  France  herself  has  placed  her 
Decrees,  that  Great-Britain    is  obliged  to  consider  them. 

The  submission  of  neutrals  to  any  regulations  made  by 
France,  authorised  by  the  laws  of  nations,  and  practised  in 
former  wars,  will  never  be  complpincd  of  bv  Great-Britain  • 

1 


It 

I 


1 


;    ( 


jr 


M 


i  ' 


Ml 


i-. 


mi 


«  I' 


?0 


lllSTORV  OF  THE  WAR. 


I  : 


but  the  reg^ulatioiis  of  tlie  Berlin  iiiid  Milan  Decrees  do,  anfi 
arc  declared  to  violate  the  laws  of  nationn,  and  the  rights  of 
neutrals,  for  the  purpose  of  attackiii^r  through  them  the  re- 
soui'ces  of  Great  Britain.  The  ruler  of  France  has  drawn- 
no  distinction  between  any  of  them,  nor  has  he  dechired  the 
cessation  of  any  one  of  them  in  the  speech  whicb  he  so 
lately  addressed  to  the  deputation  from  the  free  Imperial 
Haiise  Towns,  which  was  on  the  contrary  a  conf  rmatioii 
uf  them  all. 

Not  until  the  French  Decrees  therefore  shall  be  eflfeclu- 
ally  repealed,  and  thereby  neutral  commerce  be  restored  to 
the  situation  in  which  it  stood  previously  to  their  promulga- 
tion, can  his>  royal  highness  conceive  himself  justified,  con- 
sistently with  what  he  owes  to  the  safety  and  honor  of  Great- 
Britain,  in  foregoing  the  j.ust  measures  of  retaliation  which 
liis  majesty  in  hisdetbnce  wa»  necessitated  t(>  adopt  against 
tliem. 

1  trust,  sir,  that  this  explanation  in>  answer  to  your  en- 
quiries vtill  be  considered  by  you  sufficiently  satisfactory  ^ 
should  you  require  any  further,  and  which  i>t  may  be  in  my 
power  to  give,  I  shall  with  the  greatest  cheerfulness  afford  it. 

I  sincerely  hope,  however,  that  no  further  delay  will  be 
thought  necessary  by  the  President  in  restoring  the  relations 
of  amity  which  should  ever  subsist  between  America  and 
Great-Bt'itain,.  a»  the  delusions  attempted  by  the  government 
of  France  have  now  been  made  manifest,,  and  the  perfidious 
plans  of  its  ruler  exposed  ;  by  which,  while  he  adds  to,  and 
agravates  his  system  of  violence  against  neutral  trade,  he  en- 
deavors to  throw  all  the  odium  of  his  acts  upon  Great-Bri- 
tiain  with  a  view  to  engender  discord  between  the  neutral 
countries,  and  the  only  power  which  stands  up  as  a  bulwark 
against  his  eBJi>t'ts  at  universal  tyranny  aitd  op|M'ession. 

Excuse  me,  sir,  if  I  express  my  wish  as-eai'ly  as  possible 
to  dispatch  his  majesty's  packet  boat  with  the  result  of  our 
communications^  as  his  majesty's  government  will  necessa* 
rily  be  most  anxious  to  hear  from  me.  Any  short  period  of 
lime,  however,  which  may  appear  to  you  to  be  reasonable,  I 
will  not  hesitate  to  detain  her. 
1  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER 


M 


mSTORY  OF  Tire  WAR. 


rh    ii- 


••"f 


•  iU. 


<  • 


Mr.  Monroe  to  Mr.  Foster. 
Dkpartmrnt  op  State,  July  23d,  1811. 

f^IR — I  have  Niihinitlecl  to  the  Presiilent  ywir  several 
ktters  of  the  3d  and  Kith  of  this  month  relative  to  the  Bri- 
tish Orders  in  Council  and  the  blockade  of  iMay,  18(Ki,  and 
I  have  now  the  honor  to  coniniunicate  to  you  his  sentinientn 
on  the  view  which  yon  have  presented  of  those  noeasnresof 
your  government. 

It  was  hoped  thai  your  communioalton  would  have  led 
to  an  immediate  accommodation  of  tl>e  differences  subsis- 
ting between  our  countries,  on  the  ground  on  which  alone 
it  is  possible  to  meet  you.  It  is  regretted  that  you  have 
confined  yourself  to  a  vindication  of  the  measures  which 
produced  some  of  them. 

The  Unitfetl  States  are  as  little  disposed  now,  as  hereto- 
fore, to  enter  into  the  question  concerning  the  priority  of  ag- 
gression by  the  two  belligerents,  which  could  not  be  justi- 
fied by  either,  by  the  priority  of  those  of  the  other.  Jint  as 
you  bring  forward  that  plea  in  support  of  the  Orders  in 
Council,  I  must  be  permitted  to  remark  that  you  have  your- 
self furnished  a  conclusive  answer  to  it,  by  admitting  that 
the  blockade  of  May  1806,  which  was  prior  to  theftrsiof 
the  French  Decrees,  would  not  be  legal,  unless  supported 
through  the  whole  extent  of  the  coast,  from  the  Elbe  to 
Brest,  by  an  adequate  naval  force.  That  such  a  naval  force 
was  actually  applyed  and  continued  in  the  requisite  strict- 
ness until  that  blockade  was  comprised  in  and  superceded 
by  the  Orders  of  November  of  the  following  year,  or  even 
until  the  French  Decree  of  the  same  year,  will  not,  I  presumcv 
be  alleged. 

But  waving  this  question  of  priority,  ciin  it  \ye  seen  with- 
out both  surprise  and  regret,  that  it  is  still  contended,  that 
the  Orders  in  Council  are  justified  by  the  principle  of  retal- 
iation, and  that  this  principle  :h  Atrcngthened  by  the  in- 
ability of  France  to  enforce  her  Decrees.  A  retaliation 
is,  in  its  name,  and  its  essential  character,  a  returning 
like  for  like.  Is  the  th^adly  blow  of  the  Orders  in  Council 
against  one  half  of  our  commerce,  a  return  of  like  for  like 
to  an  empty  threat  in  the  French  Decrees,  against  the  other 
half?  It  may  be  a  vindicative  hostility,  as  far  as  its  effects 
fall  on  the  enemy.  But  when  falling  on  a  neutral,  who  on 
?J0  pretext  can  be  liable  for  more  than  the  lueasureof  inju- 


Sill 


\      ■>: 


k' 


28 


HISTORY  OV  THE  WAIl. 


ry  received  through  such  neutral,  it  wquld  not  be  a  retalia- 
tion,  but  a  positive  wron^,  by  the  plea  on  which  it  i»  founded. 
•  It  is  to  be  further  remarked  that  the  Orders  in  Council 
vfeni  even  beyond  the  plea^  such  as  this  has  appeared  to  b<', 
in  extending  its  operation  against  the  trade  of  the  United 
States,  with  nations  which,  hke  Russia,  had  not  adopted 
the  French  Decrees,  and  with  all  nations  which  had  merely 
excluded  the  British  flag  ;  an  exclusion  resuiling  as  a  mai-r 
ter  of  course  with  respect  to  wiuilever  nation  Great-Bi'itaiu 
might  happen  to  be  at  war. 

I  am  far  from  viewing  the  modification  originally  con* 
tained  in  these  Orders,  which  permits  neutrals  to  prosecute 
their  trade  with  the  continent,  through  Great-Britain,  in  the 
favorable  light  in  which  you  represent  it.  It  is  impossible 
to  proceed  to  notice  the  eft'ect  of  this  modification  without 
expressing  our  astonishment  at  the  extravuganre  of  the  po- 
litical pretension  set  up  by  it :  a  pretension  which  is  utterly 
incompatible  with  the  sovreignty  and  indepenOenpe  of  other 
states.  In  a  conimercial  view,  it  is  not  less  objectionable,  a 
it  cannot  fail  to  prove  destructive  to  neutral  commerce. 

As  an  enemy,  Great-Britain  cannot  trade  with  France. 
Nor  does  France  permit  a  neutral  to  come  into  her  pofU 
frotti Great- Britain.  The  attempt  of  Great- Britain  to  force 
our  trade  through  her  ports,  would  have  therefore  the  com- 
mercial effect  of  depriving  the  United  States  altogether  of 
the  market  of  her  enemy  for  their  productions,  and  of  de- 
stroying their  value  in  her  market  by  a  surcliarge  of  it. 
Heretofore  it  has  l^een  the  usage  of  belligerent  nations  to 
carry  on  their  trade  through  the  intervention  of  neutrals ; 
and  this  had  the  beneficial  effect  of  extending  to  the  former 
the  advantages  of  peace,  while  suffering  under  the  calami- 
ties  of  war.  To  reverse  the  rtile,  and  to  extend  to  nations 
at  peace,  the  calamities  of  war,  is  a  change  as  novel  and  ex- 
traordinary as  it  is  at  variance  with  justice  and  public  law. 

Against  this  unjust  system,  the  United  Slates  entered,  at 
an  early  period,  their  solemn  firotest.  They  considered  it 
their  duty  to  evince  to  the  world  their  high  disapprobation 
of  it,  and  they  have  done  so  by  such  acts  as  were  deemed 
most  consistent  with  the  rights  and  policy  of  the  nation. 
Remote  from  the  contentious  scene  which  desolates  Europe, 
it  has  been  their  uniform  object  to  avoid  becoming  a  party 
to  the  war.— With  this  view  they  have  endeavorecl  to  rnlti- 


IIISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


SO 


i 


vatefrienclslup  with  both  parties,  by  n  system  of  coufluct 
which  ought  to  have  produceii  that  etifect.  They  have 
(lone  jusitice  to  each  party  in  every  transaction  in  which  they 
have  been  separately  engaged  with  it.  Titey  have  observ- 
«d  the  impartiahty  which  was  due  to  both,  as  bethgereiits, 
standing  on  equal  groiiiul,  having  in  no  instance  given  a 
preference  to  either  at  tiie  expense  of  the  other.  They  have 
Imrne,  too,  with  equal  indulgence,  injuries  from  both,  being 
willing  while  it  was  possible,  to  impute  them  to  casualties 
inseparable  from  a  cause  of  war,  and  not  to  a  deliberate  in- 
tention to  violate  their  rights;  and  even  when  that  intention 
could  not  be  mistaken,  liiey  have  not  lost  sight  of  the  ulti- 
mate object  of  their  policy.  In  the  measures  to  which  they 
have  been  compelled  to  resort,  they  have  in  all  respects 
maintained  pacific  relations  with  both  parties.  The  alter- 
native presented  by  their  late  acts,  was  offered  equally  to 
both,  and  could  operate  on  neither,  no  longer  than  it  should 
persevere  in  its  aggressions  on  our  neutral  rights.  The  em- 
bargo and  non-intercourse,  were  peaceful  measures.  The 
regulations  which  they  imposed  on  our  trade  were  such 
as  any  nation  might  adopt  in  peace  or  war,  without  oflfencc 
to  any  other  nation.  The  nQUrimportation  is  of  the  same 
character,  and  if  it  makes  a  distinction  at  this  time,  in  its 
operation  between  the  belligerents,  it  necessarily  results  from 
a  compliance  of  one  with  the  offer  made  to  both,  and  which 
is  still  open  to  the  compliance  of  the  other. 

In  the  discussions  which  have  taken  place  on  the  subject 
of  the  Orders  in  Council  and  blockade  of  May,  1800,  the 
British  government  in  conformity  to  the  principle  on  which  the 
Orders  in  Council  are  said  to  be  founded,  declared  that  they 
should  cease  to  operate  as  soon  as  France  revoked  her  Edicts. 
It  was  stated  also,  that  the  British  government  would  pro- 
ceed pari  passut  with  the  government  of  France,  in  the  re- 
vocation of  her  Kdicts.  I  will  proceed  to  shew  that  the  ob- 
ligation on  Great-Britain  to  revoke  her  Orders  is  complete, 
according  to  her  own  engagements  and  that  the  revocation 
ought  not  to  be  longer  delayed. 

By  the  act  of  May  1st,  1810,  it  is  provided,  *  That  if 
either  Great-Britain  or  France  should  cease  to  violate  the 
neutral  commerce  of  the  United  States,  which  fact  the  Pre- 
sident should  declare  by  proclamation,  and  the  other  party 
should  not  within  three  n^ontlis  thereafter  revoke  or  modify 


H 


I'l 


so 


nrSTCHlY  OF  THE  WAR. 


■  ! 

1  i 


lis  Eilicls  in  like  innnner,  that  then  certain  sections  in  a 
former  act  intertlictinjZf  the  commercial  intercourse  between 
the  United  States  and  Great- Britain  and  France  and  their 
dependencies,  should  from  and  after  the  expiration  of  throe 
months  from  the  date  of  tlie  proclamation,  he  revived  and 
have  full  force  ag^ainst  the  former,  its  colonies  and  depen- 
dencies, and  against  all  articles  the  growth,  |»ro(luce,  or 
manufacture  of  the  same.'    ';       ""  •'  t- ,.,. 

The  violations  of  neutral  commerce  alluded  to  in  ihis  act, 
were  such  as  were  committed  on  the  high  seas.  It  was  in 
the  trade  between  the  {United  Slates  and  tlie  British  domin- 
ions, that  France  had  violated  the  mjutrat  rights  of  the 
United  States  by  her  blockading  Edicts.  It  was  with  the 
trade  of  France  and  her  allies  that  Great-Britain  had  com- 
mitted similar  violations  by  similar  Edicts.  It  was  the  re- 
vocation of  those  Edicts,  so  far  as  they  committed  such  vio- 
lations, which  the  United  States  had  in  view,  when  they 
passed  the  law  of  May  1st,  1810.  On  the  6th  of  August, 
1810,  tlie  French  minister  of  foreign  affairs  addressed  a 
note  to  the  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States 
at  Paris,  informing  him  that  the  Decrees  of  Berlin  and  Mi- 
lan were  revoked  ;  the  revocation  to  take  effect  on  the  1st 
of  November  following:  that  the  measure  had  been  taken 
by  his  government  in  confidence  that  the  British  govern- 
ment would  revoke  its  Orders,  and  renounce  its  new  prin- 
ciples of  blockade,  or  that  the  United  States  would  cause 
their  rights  to  be  respected,  conformably  to  the  art  of  May 
1st,  1810. 

This  measure  of  the  French  government  was  founded  on 
the  law  of  May  Isl,  1810,  as  is  expressly  declared  in  the  let- 
ter of  the  Duke  of  Cadore  announcing  it.  The  Edicts  of 
Great- Britain,  the  revocation  of  which  were  expected  by 
France,  were  those  alluded  to  in  that  act ;  and  the  means 
by  which  the  United  States  should  cause  their  rights  to  be 
respected,  in  case  Great-Britain  should  not  revoke  her 
Edicts,  were  likewise  to  be  found  in  the  same  act.  They 
consisted  merely  in  the  enforcement  of  the  non-importation 
act  agamst  Great-Britain,  in  that  unexpected  and  improba- 
ble contingency. 

The  letter  of  (he  5th  of  August,  which  announced  the  re- 
vocation of  the  French  Decrees,  was  communicated  to  this 
.govcrnmciil,  in  ronscqucnce  of  which  the  President  issued 


m 


fj 


.1  proclam 
on  \%hich 
in  which  I 
wf  May  1^ 

lation  to  F 
consequen 
(lid  not  re 
rate  on  he 
place.  S 
rnary  last, 
clamation 
following. 

Grcat-I 
pretension 
iniprcNsioi 
injustice  b 
lier. 

The  Ui 
Edicts,  so 
contempla 
that  groui 
Britain  a  i 

The  rev 
ister  of  foi 
United  St 
itself  suffic 
correspond 
dared  th: 
with  Frail 
the  FrencI 
i'unclude  I 
repeal  of  t 
lion  of  the 
of  the  Edi 
sequence  ! 
operation 
♦)f  procectJ 
aiid  such  I 
each  olhei 
of  each  to 
good  faith 
tilutcs  ha 


(f' 


HISTORY  or  niE  WAR. 


nt 


a  proclamation  on  the  '2^\  of  Nuvrmber,  the  day  nAer  that 
on  v%hich  the  repeal  of  tlie  French  Decrees  was  to  t;ikccflect 
in  wliich  lie  (tcclared  that  ail  reslriclionM  imposed  l»y  the  act 
Mf  May  ]>t,  1810,  should  cease  and  he  discontinued  in  ro« 
lation  to  France  and  herdepeiidencie.H.  It  was  a  necessary 
<!onsequence  of  this  proclamation,  also,  timt  if  (ireat- Britain 
(lid  not  revoke  her  Edicts,  the  non-importation  wonhl  o|ie- 
rate  on  her,  at  the  end  of  three  months.  Thiii  acluolly  took 
place.  She  declined  the  revocation,  and  on  the  2d  ot  Feb- 
ruary last,  th-.it  law  took  eiVecl.  In  confirmation  of  the  pro- 
clamation, an  actof  Con«riTss  was  pa.ssedon  the  'Jd  of  March 
following. 

Great-Britain  still  declines  to  revoke  her  Cdicls;  on  the 
pretension  thai  France  has  not  revoked  hers.  Under  that 
imprcNsion  she  infers  that  the  Uniled  Stales  have  done  her 
injustice  by  carrying  intocilcct  tlie  noa>iiuporlalion  againsl 
lier. 

The  Uniled  States  maintain  that  France  has  revoked  her 
Edicts,  so  far  a»  they  violated  their  neutral  rightii,  and  were 
contemplated  by  the  liiw  of  May  1st,  1810,  and  have  ou 
that  ground  particularly  claimed  and  do  expect  of  Greal- 
Britain  a  similar  revocation. 

The  revocation  announced  officially  by  the  French  min- 
ister of  foreign  affairs,  to  the  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  at  Paris,  on  the  6th  of  August,  1810,  was  in 
itself  sufficient  to  justify  the  claim  of  the  United  States  to  a 
correspondent  measure  from  (>reat-Britaiu.  She  had  de- 
clared that  .she  would  proceed  pari  passu  in  the  repeal 
with  France^  and  the  day  being  iixed  when  the  repeal  of 
the  French  Decrees  should  take  eft'ect,  it  was  reasonable  to 
conclude  thut  Great-Britain  would  hx  the  same  day  for  the 
repeal  of  her  Orders  Had  this  been  done,  the  proclama- 
tion of  the  President  would  have  announced  the  revocatiou 
of  the  Edicts  of  both  powers  at  the  same  time,  and  in  con- 
sequence thereof  the  non-importation  would  have  gone  into 
operation  against  neitlier. — Such,  too,  is  the  natural  course 
of  proceeding  in  transactions  between  independent  states  ; 
and  such  the  conduct  which  they  generally  observe  towards^ 
each  other.  In  all  comp.icts  between  nations,  it  is  the  duty 
of  each  to  perform  what  it  stipulates,  and  to  presume  on  tho 
good  faith  of  the  other  for  a  like  performance.  The  United 
Stales  havings  made  a  pr(vposal  to  both  belligerrnts  were 


U 


I     i 


IV 


i'l 


ffm  HISTORY  OF  THE  WAK. 

hound  to  accept  a  compliance  from  either,  and  it  was  no 
objection  to  the  Fr&itch  compliance,  thut  it  was  in  a  form  to 
take  eflfect  at  a  future  day  ;  that  being  a  tbrni  not  unu.sual 
ill  otlier  pui>lic  acts  ;  even  when  iialioiiM  are  at  wiir  and 
make  pence,  tins  obiigatiun  of  neutral  confidence  exiNtsand 
is  respected.  In  treaties  of  counnt-rce,  by  which  their  fu- 
ture intercoiir»e  is  to  be  p^ovcnied,  the  obligation  is  the 
sani ;. — If  distrust  and  jealousy  are  allowed  to  prevail,  tlie 
moral  tie,  which  binds  nations  to^^ether  in  all  their  n;lut.  , 
in  war,  as  well  as  in  peace,  is  broken. 

What  would  Great-Britain  have  hazarded  by  a  prom|)t 
compliance  in  the  manner  sugy^esttd  ?  Sha  had  declared 
that  she  had  adopted  the  restraints  imposed  by  her  Orders 
in  Council  with  reluctance,  because  of  their  distressing 
effect  on  neutral  powers.  Here  then  was  a  favorable  op- 
portunity presented  to  her,  to  withdraw  from  that  measure 
with  honor,  be  the  conduct  of  France,  afterwards,  xWiat  it 
might.  Had  Great-Britain  revoked  her  Orders,  and  France 
failed  to  fulfil  her  engagement,  she  would  have  gained  credit 
nt  the  expense  of  France,  and  could  have  sustained  no  in- 
jury by  it,  because  the  failure  of  France  to  maintain  her 
faith  would  have  replaced  Great-Britain  at  the  point  from 
which  she  had  departed.  To  say  that  a  disappointed  reli- 
ance on  the  good  faith  of  her  enemy,  would  have  reproach- 
ed her  foresight,  would  be  to  set  a  higher  value  on  that 
quality,  than  on  consistency  and  good  faith,  and  would  sac- 
rifice to  a  mere  suspicion  towards  an  enemy,  the  plain  obli- 
gations of  justice  towards  a  friendly  power. 

Great-Britain  has  deolined  proceedin<^  jMtri  passu  with 
France  in  the  revocation  of  their  respective  Edicts.  She 
has  held  aloof,  and  claims  of  the  United  States,  proof,  not 
only  that  France  has  revoked  her  Decrees,  but  that  she  con- 
tinues to  act  in  conformity  with  the  revocation. 

To  shew  that  the  repeal  is  respected,  it  is  deemed  suffi- 
cient to  state,  that  nut  one  vessel  has  been  cuitdemned  by 
French  tribunals,  on  thp  principles  of  those  Decrees,  since 
the  Isl  of  November  last. — The  Nevv-Orleaus  packet  from 
Gibraltar  to  Bordeaux,  was  detained  but  never  condemned. 
The  Grace-Ann-Green,  from  the  same  British  port,  to  Mar- 
seilles, was  likewise  detained,  but  afterwards  delivered  up 
unconditionally  to  the  owner,  as  was  such  part  of  the  cargo 
of  the  New-Orleans  packet  as  consisted  of  the  produce  of 


i(  i 


HISTORY  OF  tWt  VITAtU 


8d 


the  United  Stales.  Both  these  vesneU  proceeHin?  from  a 
British  p<»rt,  cnrried  cargoeN,  MMne  articleM  of  which  in  each, 
were  pruhibited  by  the  lawn  of  France,  or  admissible  by  ttia 
sanction  of  the  government  alone.  It  does  not  a^  .-Mur  that 
their  dtiention  was  imputable  to  any  other  cause.  If  impu- 
table to  tlie  circumstance  of  pansing  from  a  British  to  a 
French  port,  or  on  account  of  any  part  of  their  cargoes,  it 
affords  no  canse  of  complaint  in  Great- Britain,  as  a  viola- 
tion o\'  \ter  neutral  rif^hts.  No  such  cause  would  be  afford- 
ed, even  in  a  case  of  condemn-ition.  The  right  of  com- 
plaint, would  hr  ve  U^ionged  to  the  United  States. 

In  denying' t  iie  revocation  of  the  Decrees,  so  far  as  it  is  a 
proper  subject  of  discussion  l)etween  us,  it  might  reasona- 
bly be  expected  that  you  would  pro<luce  some  examples  of 
vessels  taken  at  sea,  in  voyages  to  British  ports,  or  on  their 
return  honoe,  and  condemned  under  ih  u  by  a  French  tri- 
bunal. Nonesuch  has  been  afforded  by  you.  None  such 
are  known  to  this  government. 

You  urge  only  a«  an  evidence  that  the  Decrees  are  not 
repealed,  the  speech  of  the  Emperor  of  France  to  the  depu- 
ties from  the  free  cities  of  Hamburg,  Bremen,  and  Lubeck; 
the  Imperial  Edict  dated  at  Fontainbleau  on  the  19th  of 
Oct.  1810  ;  the  report  of  the  French  minister  of  foreign 
affairs,  dated  in  Dttreinber  last,  and  a  letter  of  the  minister 
of  .Justice  to  the  President  of  the  Council  of  prizes  of  the 
25th  ot  that  month.  ^  :  ,.   >     , 

There  is  nothing  in  the  first  of  these  papers  incompatible 
with  the  revocation  of  the  Decrees,  in  respect  to  the  United 
States,  it  i«  distinctly  declared  by  the  Emperor  in  his 
speech  to  the  deputies  of  the  Hunse  Towns,  that  the  block- 
ade of  the  British  Islands  shall  cease  when  the  British 
blockades  cease  ;  and  that  the  French  blockade  shall  cease 
ill  favor  of  those  nations  in  whose  favor  Great  Britain  re- 
vokes hers,  or  who  support  their  rights  against  her  preten- 
,sion,  as  France  admits  the  United  States  will  do,  by  enforc- 
ing the  non-importation  act.  The  same  sentiment  is  ex- 
pressed in  the  report  of  the  ministers  of  foreign  affairs.— 
The  Decree  of  Funtainbleuu  having  no  effect  on  the  high 
seas,  cannot  be  brought  into  this  discussion.  It  evidently 
has  no  connection  with  neutral  rights.  The  letter  from  the 
minister  of  justice,  to  the  President  of  the  Council  of  prizes, 
is  of  a  dif&rent  character.     It  relates  in  direct  terms  to  thri 


1;. 


I, 


1  f  H  '  -■ 


<    It  'I  I 


*ii 


'.  \&f 


.  A. ft 


I 


4. 


I 


h 


H  UlSTOHV  OF  THE  WAB. 

mibjecf  but  hot  in  llie  senne  in  which   you   understand  it. 
Aftf  r  rccilingf  the  note  from  the  duke  of'Cndore  uf  the  6tk 
Au|irn<it  la.sl,  to  the  Amerinin  minister  at  Paris   which  an- 
nounced I  he  repeal  of  the  French  Decrees  and  the  proclama- 
tion of  the  President  in  connequence  of  it,  it  stales  that  all 
causes  arisin*^  under  tho^te  Docrces  atWihe  1st  of  Novem- 
ber, which  were  then  before  the  court,  or  mig^ht   afterwards 
be  brouq^hl  before  it.  shouhl  not  be  judged  by  the  principles 
of  the  Decrees,  but  be   suspended  until   the  *id  February, 
when  the  United  States  liavin«^fultiled   their  eng^agement, 
the  captures  should  be  declared  void,  and  the  vessels  and 
Ibeir  cargoes  delivered  up  tu  their  owners.     This  paper  ap- 
pears tonHbrd  an  unequivocal  evidence  of  the  revocation  of 
the  Decrees,  so  far  as  relates  to  the  United  States.     By  in- 
structing the  French  tribunal  to  make  no  decission  till  the 
2d  of  February,  and  then  to  restore  the  property  to  the  own- 
ers, on  a  particidar  event   which  has   happened,  all  cause 
of  doubt  on  that  point  seems  to  be  removed.     The  United 
States  may  justly  complain  of  delay  in  the  restitution  of  the 
property,  but  that  is  an  injury  which   cft'ects  thorn  only. 
Great  Britain  has  no  right   to  complain  of  it.     She  was  in- 
terested only  in  the  revocation    of  the  Decrees   by    which 
neutral  rights  would  be  secured  from   future  violation  ;  nr 
if  she  had  been  interested  in  tb"  'Wlay  it  would  have  afford- 
ed no  pretext  for  more  than  a  delay  in  repealing  her  orders 
the  2d  of  February.     From  that  day  at  farthest  the  French 
Diecrees  would  cease.     At  the  same  day  ought  her  Orders 
to  have  ceased.     I  might  add  to  this  statement,  that  every 
•  communication  received  from  the   French  government,  ei- 
ther through  our  representatives  there,  or  its  representatives 
Jiere,  are  in  accord  with  the  actual  repeal  rfthe  Berlin  and 
Milan  Decrees,  in  relation  to  the  neutral  commerce  of  the 
United  States.     But  it  wiilsufhce  to  remark,  that  the  best, 
and  only  adequate  evidence  of  their  ceasing  to  operate,  is 
the  defect  of  evidence  that  they  do  operate,     [lis  a   case 
where  the  want  of  proof  againrt  the  fultiiment  of  a  pledge  is 
proof  of  the  fulfilment.     Every  case  occurring,  to  which  if 
the  Decrees  were  in  force,  they  would  l)e  applied,  and  to 
■which  they  are  not  applied,  is  a,proof  that  they   are  not  in 
force.     And  if  these  proofs  have  not  l>eeu  more  multiplied^ 
I  need  notrewiiiil  you  that  a  cause  is  to  be  found  in  the  nu- 
merous captures  under  your  Orders  in  Council,  which  coa- 


tinuc  to  c\ 
ter  »  failui 
lint  On 
that  she  oi 
the  comm 
which  it  s 
issued  ;  u 
to  the  Uni 
trade  with 
tarn  shouh 
whom  she 
extended 
against  Gi 
proposed  ' 
their  situ: 
those  of  ai 
none  in  re 
Or  do  yoi 
Great-Bri 
Between  < 
of  either  I] 
always  co 
country  \ 
The  laws 
them,  whi 
ation  are  i 
remote  thi 
between  ( 
would  nol 
Great-Bri 
power,  ou 
such  termi 
set  up  sucl 
tory  of  pa! 
ciple  of  wi 
United  & 
own  favor 
enemy,  it 
claim  eve 
by  treaty, 
in  such  a 
est ;  to  ac 


UtSTORY  or  THE  WAk.  3. 

luiiic  lo  evince  the  riffour  willi  v*  liirli  Uiry  an  forrcH, 
ter  »  failure  of  the  iMNiMon  which  Ihry  nr(>  mi|)|  <*^<I  to  r<  U 
Hut  Otint-Britaiii  contends,  nx  appcani  liy  your ht«<t  leUer*. 
that  »he  uus^ht  not  to  revoke  her  Ordent  in  Ctinncil,  until 
the  commerce  of  the  continent  is  restored  to  the  Male  in 
which  it  Mtuod  iiefore  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees  were 
issued  ;  until  the  French  iJccrees  are  repealed  nut  only  as 
lo  the  United  States,  hut  so  as  to  permit  Cireat-lirttain  to 
trade  with  the  ctHitinent.  Is  it  then  mennt  thai  Great-Uri- 
tain  should  be  allowed  to  trade  with  all  the  powerR  with 
whom  she  traded  at  tliet  epoch*  Siiic(3  that  time  France  haN 
extended  her  cohcpicsls  to  the  iiortii,  and  raised  enemies 
against  Grenl-Britain,  where  ^he  IIkmi  had  friends.  Is  it 
proposed  to  trade  with  thein  nolwillislamlinir  the  changtein 
their  situation  ?  Between  the  enemies  of  one  slate  and 
those  of  another,  no  discrimination  can  be  made.  There  is 
none  in  reason,  nor  can  there  be  any  of  right,  in  practice. 
Or  do  you  maintain  the  general  principle  and  contend  that 
Great-Britain  ougcht  to  trade  with  France  and  her  Allies  ? 
Between  enemies  there  can  be  no  commerce.  The  vessels 
of  either  taken  by  the  other  are  liable  to  confiscation  and  are 
always  coniiscated.  The  number  of  enemies  or  extent  of 
country  which  they  occupy,  cannot  eftecl  the  question. 
The  laws  of  war  govern  the  relations  which  subsist  between 
them»  which  especially  in  the  circumstance  under  consider- 
ation are  invariable.  They  were  the  same  in  times  the  most 
remote  that  they  now  are.  Even  if  peace  had  taken  place 
between  Great-Britain  and  the  powers  of  the  continent  she 
would  not  trade  with  them  without  their  consent.  Or  does 
Great-Britain  contend,  that  the  United  States,  as  a  neutral' 
power,  ought  to  open  the  continent  to  her  commerce^  on 
such  terms  as  she  may  designate  ?  On  what  principle  can  she 
set  up  such  a  claim  ?  No  example  of  it  can  be  found  in  the  his- 
tory of  past  wars,  nor  is  it  founded  in  any  recognized  prin- 
ciple of  war,  or  in  any  semblance  of  reason  or  right.  The 
United  States  could  not  maintain  such  a  claim  in  their 
own  favor,  though  neutral — when  advanced  in  favor  of  an 
enemy,  it  would  be  the  most  preposterous  and  extravagant 
claim  ever  heard  of.  Kvery  power  when  not  restrained 
by  treaty,  has  aright  to  regulate  its  trade  with  other  nations, 
in  such  a  manner  as  it  tinds  it  most  consistent  with  its  inter- 
est ;  lo  admit,  and  on  its  own  conditions,  or  t©  prohibit  the 


M 


:■    >. 


-  ,1 


w 


HISTORY  OP  TUB  W4II. 


impoflftlioii  of  ftiirh  nrtirtc^  nn  mc  n^resnar}*  to  Mipply  tliA 
%vatilM,  or  cnco(irn(]fe  lli  iiHliiHlry  of  lU  people.  In  what 
lif*ht  wouUKirenl>])rtiniii  view  nii  npplirutioiHronitlie  Unit- 
fid  States  for  the  repeal  (»f  riuht  ot' iiiiy  net  of  her  pnrlia- 
in(!nt,  which  prohiiiiteil  the  importntioii  of  any  article  frtnn 
the  llnited  Stnles,  unch  us  their  Hsh,  or  tluir  oil  i^  Or  which 
claimet)  the  diminution  of  the  duty  on  any  other,  mtelt  as 
their  tohacco  on  which  so  ^retit  a  rcveiino  in  raised  ?  In 
what  lijk^ht  would  she  vieiv  a  similar  application  made  at 
the  inittance  of  France,  for  the  importation  into  England,  of 
any  article  the  growth  or  mannfaclureof  that  power  which 
it  was  the  policy  of  the  British  f^overnment  to  prohibit. 

If  delays  have  taken  place  in  the  resititution  of  American 
property,  and  in  placin^^  the  American  commerce  in  the 
ports  of  France  on  a  fair  and  satisfactory  basis,  they  involve 
questions,  as  has  already  been  observed,  in  \\hichthe  United 
States  alone  are  interested.  As  they  clo  not  violate  the  re- 
vocation by  France,  of  her  Edicts,  they  cannot  impair  the 
oblinration  of  Great- Britain  to  revoke  hers  ;  nor  change  th& 
epoch  at  nrhich  the  revocation  ought  to  have  taken  place. 
H:id  that  duly  followe<l«  it  is  more  than  probable  that  those 
circumstances,  irrelative  as  they  are,  wliich  have  excited 
doubt  in  the  British  government  of  tlie  practical  revocation 
of  the  French  Decrees,  might  not  have  occurred.  -  w»  i  '*<•  - 

£!very  view  which  can  be  taken  of  this  subject,  increases 
the  painful  surprise  at  the  innovations  on  all  the  principles 
and  usages  heretofore  observed,  which  are  so  unreservedly 
contended  for,  in  your  letters  of  the  dd  and  10th  inst.  and 
which,  if  persisted  in  by  your  government,  presents  such  an 
obstacle  to  the  wishes  of  the  Uuited  States,  for  a  removal  of 
the  difficulties  which  have, been  connected  with  the  Orders 
in  Council.  It  is  the  interest  of  belligerents  to  mitigate  the 
calamities  of  war,  and  neutral  powers  possess  ample  means 
to  promote  that  object,  provided  they  sustain  with  impar-* 
tiality  and  Armness  the  dignity  of  their  station.  If  beliiger-' 
ents  expect  advantage  from  neutrals,  they  should  leave  them 
in  the  full  enjoyment  of  their  rights.  I'he  present  war,  has 
been  oppressive  beyond  example,  by  its  duration,  and  b 
the  desolation  which  it  has  spread  throughout  Europe, 
is  highly  important  that  it  should  assume,  at  least,  a  miltiei* 
character.  By  the  revocation  of  the  French  Edicts,  so  far 
as  they  respected  the  neutral  commerce  of  the  United  Stales^ 


I 


:h* 


1* 


IlfSTnnY   OF  VIIBWAR.  V 

nomc  ailvnnrr  in  nituir  towanln  tlint  most  (lesiralilc  aiul  ron- 
volingrfsull.  Ltl  (ir«at-Britiiiii(ollu>%  llu- example.  Tlie 
fl^roniHl  Ihm  gained  will  suoii  l»c  eniar^rd  liv  Hip  concor- 
rin}^  ami  presMiii^  intereitt  ot  till  |MirtKs  niid  «liatvveif  in 
gained,  will  accrue  to  Uie  a«lvaiilu)(r  o4  atiiicled  hiimaikily. 

J  |>rncf-ed  to  notice  nnotlif  r  part  of  your  lelier  of  tk«  (id 
iiiNt.  which  IN  viewed  in  a  more  fnvoralde  lip^ht.  ThoFreit* 
ident  has  received  will)  y^reat  HaliMaclion  tlie  oomniiinica- 
lion  that  idionUI  the  Orders  in  Council  of  1807,  be  revoked^ 
Iho  blockade  of  May*  of  the  precrdin|if  year,  would  ceare 
with  them,  and  that  any  blockade  which  should  att^rward* 
be  instituted,  should  l>e  duly  notified  ami  maintHiiied  by  an 
adequate  foK'e.  This  frank  and  explicrl  declaration,  wur* 
thy  of  the  prompt  and  amicable  measure  adopted  by  the 
priHce  regent  in  comiu)^  into  power,  seems  to  remove  a  ma- 
terial obstacle  to  an  ticcoinmodation  oi'  dtfliRrences  between 
our  countries,  and  wlieii  followed  by  the  revocaimn  of  tiM 
Orders  in  Council,  will,  as  1  am  authorised  to  inform  joo» 
produce  an  immediate  termination  of  the  non-importakNm 
law,  by  an  exercise  of  the  power  vested  in  the  Prc^iilcnt  for 
that  purpose. 

I  conclude  w'lb  remarking,  tha*  if  1  have  confined  thig 
letter  to  the  subjects  brought  into  view  by  yours,  it  is  not 
because  the  United  States  have  lost  sight  in  any  degree  of 
the  other  very  serious  causes  of  complaint,  on  which  they 
have  received  no  satisfaction,  but  because  the  conciliatory 
policy  of  this  trovernment  has  thus  far  separated  the  "case  of 
the  Orders  in  (  luncil  from  others,  and  because  with  respect 
to  these  others,  your  cumnmnication  has  not  afforded  any 
reasonable  prospect  of  resuming  them,  at  this  time,  with  suc- 
cess. It  is  presumed  that  the  same  liberal  view  of  the  true 
interests  ot  Great-Britain,  and  friendly  disposition  toward* 
the  United  States,  which  induced  the  prince  regent  to  re- 
move so  material  a  difficulty  as  had  arisen  in  relation  to  * 
repeal  of  the  Orders  in  Council,  will  lead  to  a  more  favora- 
ble further  consideration  of  the  remaining  difiiculties  on  that 
subject,  and  that  the  a<lvantages  of  an  amicable  adjustment 
of  every  question,  dependmg*  between  the  two  countries, 
will  be  seen  by  your  governuient,  in  the  same  light,  as  they 
are  by  tluit  of  the  United  States.  .,  ^.  ,  i  . 

J  have  the  honor  to  be,  ^e.  ' 

JAMES  MONROE. 


:  i' 

I 

I 

'"    ii 

m 

l.'l 

^ 

t  Vi 

A 

i-<» 

;, 

!ii  i 


/        V 


...'^ 


38 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


.{*' 


!      I 


I     I 


!i  I 


-««>»iV.     di'      Mr.  Foster  to  31  r.  Monroe. 

Washinc'I'on,  .luly  2(>lh,  1911. 

SIR — 1  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letter  of  July 
23d,  HI  answer  to  mine  ot  the  3d  and  14th  inst.  which  you 
will  permit  me  to  Htiy  were  not  merely  relative  to  his  m:ijes- 
ty'fi  Orders  in  Council,  and  the  blockade  of  May  1S0(>,  but 
alfo  to  tlic  Presid«M)t*s  proclamation  of  last  November,  and 
to  the  consequent  act  of  Congress  of  March  2d,  as  w  eli  as 
to  the  just  complaints  which  his  royal  htghness,  the 
prince  regent,  had  commanded  me  to  make  to  your  ^ov- 
emmeot,  with  respect  to  the  proclamation  and  to  that  act.  '/ 

If  the  U.  States'  government  had  expected  that  I  should 
have  made  communications  which  would  have  enabled 
them  to  come  to  an  accommodation  with  Great-Britaii.  on 
the  ground  on  which  alone  you  say  it  was  possible  to  meet 
us,  and  that  you  mean  by  that  expression  a  departure  from 
our  system  of  defence  against  the  new  kind  of  warfare  still 
practised  by  France,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  discover  from  what 
source  they  could  have  derived  those  expectations  ;  cer- 
tainly not  from  the  correspondence  between  the  Marquis 
Wellesley  and  Mr.  Pinkney. 

Before  I  proceed  to  reply  to  the  arguments  which  are 
brought  forward  by  you  to  show  that  the  Decrees  of  Berlin 
and  Mdan  are  repealed,  1  must  first  enter  into  an  explana- 
tion upon  some  points  on  which  you  have  evidently  misap- 
prehended, for  I  will  not  suppose  you  could  have  wished  to 
misinterpret  my  meaning.  ■  u.m 

And  first,  in  regard  to  the  blockade  of  May,  1806, 1  must 
avow  that  I  am  wholly  at  a  loss  to  find  out  from  what  part 
of  my  letter  it  is  that  the  President  has  dr£iwn  the  imqualified 
inference,  that  should  the  Orders  in  Council  of  1807,  be  re- 
voked, the  blockade  of  May,  180<3,  would  cease  with  them. 
— It  is  most  material  that,  on  this  point,  no  mistake 
should  exist  between  us.  From  your  letter  it  would  ap- 
pear, as  if  on  the  question  of  blockade  which  America  had 
so  unexpectedly  connected  with  her  demand  for  a  repeal  of 
our  Orders  in  Council,  Great-Britain  had  made  the  conces- 
sion required  of  her;  asif,  after  all  that  has  passed  on  the  sub- 
ject, after  the  astonishment  and  regret  of  his  majesty's  gov- 
ernment at  the  United  States  having  taken  up  the  view 
which  the  French  government  presented,  of  our  just  and 
legitimate  principles  of  blockade,  which  are  exemplified  in 


liii 


i1 

m 


HISTORY  OF  TUE  WAR. 


the  blockade  of  May,  18(Ki,  the  whole  o^roand  taken  by  \m 
iiiajesty's  j^overninent  wits  at  once  abandoned.  When  1 
had  the  honor  to  exhibit  to  you  my  instruction-s  and  to  draw 
up  as  1  conceived,  accordini^  to  your  wishes  and  those  ot" 
the  Presidenty  a  statement  of  the  mode  in  which  that  block- 
ade wonid  probably  disappear,  1  never  meant  to  tiuthoiise 
such  a  conclusion,  and  J  now  beg-  most  unequivocally  to 
disdain!  it.  The  blockade  of  May,  18()(>,  will  not  continue 
after  the  repeal  of  the  Orders  in  Council,  unless  his  majes- 
t/s  government  shall  think  fit  to  sustain  it  by  the  special 
application  of  a  sufficient  naval  force,  and  the  fact  of  its 
being"  so  continued  or  not,  will  be  notified  at  the  time.  If, 
in  this  view  of  the  matter,  which  is  certainly  presented  in  a 
conciliatory  spirit,  one  of  ihe  obstacles  to  a  complete  under- 
standing between  our  countries  can  be  removed  by  the  Uni- 
ted Slates  government  waving  all  further  reference  to  that 
blockade  when  they  can  be  justified  in  sisking  a  repeal  of 
the  Orders,  and  if  I  may  communicate  this  to  my  govern- 
ment, it  will  undoubtedly  be  very  satisl'actory  ;  but  I  beg 
distinctly  to  disavow  having  made  any  acknowledgment 
that  the  blockade  would  cease  merely  in  consequence  of  a 
revocation  of  the  Orders  in  Council  ;  whenever  it  does 
cease,  it  will  cease  because  there  will  be  no  adequate  force 
to  maintain  it. 

On  another  very  material  point,  sir,  you  appear  to  have 
misconstrued  my  words  ;  for  in  no  one  passngeof  my  letter 
can  I  discover  any  mention  of  innovations  on  the  part  of 
Great-Britain,  such  as  you  say  excited  a  painful  surprise  in 
your  government.  There  is  no  new  pretension  set  up  by 
iiis  majesty's  government.  In  answer  to  questions  of  yours, 
as  to  what  were  the  Decrees  or  ragnlatious  of  France 
which  Great-Britain  complained  of,  and  against  which  she 
directs  her  retaliatory  measures,  1  brought  distinctly  into 
your,  view  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees,  and  you  have  no^ 
tlenied,  because,  indeed,  you  could  not,  that  the  provisions 
of  those  Decrees  were  new  measures  of  war  on  the  part  of 
France,  acknowledged  as  such  by  her  ruler,  and  contrary 
to  the  principles  and  usages  of  civilized  nations.  That  the 
present  war  has  been  oppressive  beyond  *;xample  by  its  du- 
ration, and  the  desolation  it  spreads  through  Europe,  I  wiU 
lingly  agree  with  yon,  but  the  United  Slates  cannot  surety 
mean  to  attribute  Ihe  cause  to  Great-  V>  'tain.     The  quesUou 


ill  i 


JiisTonY  OF  rat,  uak. 


bc(wc('ii  6i'«ut-Britaiii  arid  France  xh  that  of  an  lionombli; 
sli'iijij^^tr'te  againfit  the  lawleKs  effort!*  of  an  ambitions  tyrant, 
«n<i  America  can  but  have  the  wish  of  every  independent 
tiatioii  as  to  its  rcsnlt. 

On  a  thiixi  point,  sir,  I  have  also  to  regret  that  my  mean- 
ing fthould  have  been  mistaken.  Great- Britain  never  con- 
tended that  British  merchant  vessels  Mhonkl  be  allowed  to 
tra<ie  with  her  enemies,  or  that  British  property  Khould  be 
allowed  entry  into  their  ports,  as  yon  would  infer  ;  such  a 
pretension  would  indeed  be  preposterous  ;  but  Great-Bri- 
tain does  contend  a<^ainstthe  system  of  terror  put  in  practice 
by  France,  by  which  usurping  authority  wherever  her  arms 
or  the  timidity  of  nations  will  enable  her  to  extend  her  in- 
fluence, she  makes  it  a  crime  to  neutral  countries  as  well  as 
individualsthatthey  should  possess  articles,  however  acquir- 
ed, which  may  have  been  once  the  produce  of  English  in- 
dustry or  of  the  British  soil.  Against  such  an  -Abominable 
and  extravagant  pretension  every  feeling  must  revolt,  and 
the  honor  no  less  than  the  interest  of  Great-Britain  engages 
her  to  opfiose  it. 

Turning  to  the  course  of  argument  contained  in  your  let- 
ter, allow  me  to  express  my  surprise  at  the  conclusion  you 
draw  in  consi<leriug  the  question  of  priority  relative  to  the 
Frf^nch  Decrees  or  British  Orders  in  Council.  It  wai 
clearly  proved  that  the  blockade  of  May,  180C>,  was  main- 
tained by  an  adequate  naval  force,  and  therefore  was  a 
blockade  founded  on  just  and  legitimate  principles,  and  I 
have  not  heard  that  it  was  considered  in  a  contrary  light 
when  notilied  as  such  to  you  by  Mr.  Secretary  Fox,  nor 
until  it  suited  the  views  of  France  to  endeavor  to  have  it 
considered  otherwise.  Why  America  took  up  the  view  the 
French  government  chose  to  give  of  it,  and  could  see  in  it 
grounds  for  the  French  Decrees,  was  always  matter  of  as- 
tonishment in  England 

Your  remarks  on  modifications  at  various  times  of  our 
{(ysi\.m  of  retaliation  will  require  the  less  reply  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  the  Orders  in  Council  of  April,  1809,  having 
superceded  them  all.  They  were  calculated  for  the  avow- 
ed purpose  of  softening  the  effect  of  the  original  Orders  on 
neutral  commerce,  the  incidental  effect  of  those  Orders  on 
neutrals  having  been  always  sincerely  regretted  by  his  ma- 
jesty's government ',  'Hit  when  it  was  found  that  neutrals  ob" 
jected  iQ  theui  they  were  remt  ved. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


41 


Aa  to  tiie  pi-inci|)le  of  relalintion,  it  \h  founded  on  the  just 
and  natural  rii^lit  of  self  defence  a;r  ,ii)st  our  enemy  i  if 
France  is  unable  to  enforce  her  Decrees  on  the  ocean,  it  19 
not  from  the  want  of  will,  for  she  enforces  them  wherever 
slie  can  do  it;  her  threats  are  only  empty  where  her  |M>wer 
is  of  no  avaU. 

In  tlie  view  you  have  taken  of  the  conduct  of  America, 
m  her  relations  with  the  two  belligerents,  and  in  the  con- 
clusion you  draw  with  respect  to  the  impartiality  of  your 
country,  as  exemplified  in  the  non-importation  law,  I  la* 
jnent  tu  say  I  cannot  ag;ree  with  you.  That  act  is  a  direct 
nieasure  against  the  British  trade,  enacted  at  a  time  when  all 
the  legal  authorities  in  the  United  States  appeared  ready 
to  contest  the  sfcatemeut  of  a  repeal  of  the  French  Decrees, 
on  which  was  founded  the  President's  proclamation  of  No- 
vember 2d,  and  consequently  to  dispute  the  justice  of  the 
proclamation  itself. 

You  urge,  sir,  that  the  British  government  promised  to 
nroceed  pari  passu  with  France  in  the  repeal  of  her  f^dicts. 
It  is  to  be  wished  you  could  point  out  to  us  any  step  France 
has  taken  in  repeal  of  hers.  G  leat-  Britain  has  repeatedly  de- 
clared that  she  would  repeal  when  the  French  did  so,  and 
she  means  to  keep  to  that  declaration.  ^ 

I  have  slated  to  you  that  we  could  not  consider  the  let- 
ter of  August  o,  declaring  the  repeal  of  the  French  Edicts, 
providing  we  revoked  our  Orders  in  Council,  or  America 
resented  our  not  doing  so,  as  a  step  of  ihat  nature  ;  and  the 
French  government  knew  that  we  could  not ;  their  object 
was  evidentlv  while  tlv  ir  svstem  was  adhered  to,  in  aU  its 
rigor,  to  endeavor  to  persuade  the  American  government 
that  they  had  relaxed  from  it,  and  to  induce  her  to  proceed  in 
enforcing  the  submission  of  Great-Britain  to  the  inordinate 
demands  of  France.  It  is  to  be  lamented  that  they  have  but 
too  well  succeeded  ;  for  the  United  States  government  ap- 
pear to  have  considered  the  French  Declaration  in  the  sense 
in  which  France  wished  it  to  be  taken,  as  an  absolute  repeal 
of  her  Decrees,  without  adverting  to  the  conditional  terms 
which  accompanied  it. 

But  you  assert  that  no  violations  of  your  neutral  rights 
by  France  occur  on  the  high  seas,  and  that  these  were  all 
the  violations  alluded  to  ni  the  act  of  Congress  of  Mny, 
1810.  1  readily  bebeve,  indeetl,  that  si»<:h  cases  are  rare,  but 


i'l 


\  ,; 


;  1 


■      if:    ^ 


4» 


HISTORY  OF  THE  W\R, 


!i 

i  I 


$ 


it  is  owingf  to  the  prcpuiideraiice  of  the  British  nary  diaf 
they  are  so ;  >%heii  Hcaire  a  Kliiji  under  the  French  flag  can 
Teiilure  to  sea  without  being  taken,  it  is  not  extra jrtlinary 
that  they  ntake  no  ca|)lures.  It' such  violations  alone  were 
vithin  the  purview  of  yolir  law,  there  would  seem  to  have 
been  no  necessity  for  its  enactment.  The  British  navy 
miuht  have  been  safely  trusted  for  the  prevention  of  this  oc- 
cnrreiice.  But  I  have  always  believed  and  my  govenimenfc 
has  bebt'vetl,  thai  tht^  Anu  rican  legislators  had  in  view  in 
the  provision  of  their  law  as  it  respects  France,  not  only  her 
deeds  of  violence  on  the  seas,  but  all  the  novel  aiid  extra- 
ordinary pretensions  and  firactices  of  her  government  which 
infringed  iheir  neutral  rights. 

We  have  had  no  cvider.re  a»  yet  of  any  of  those  preten- 
sions being  abandoned.  To  the  ambiguous  declaration  in 
Mr.  Champagny\  note  is  opposed  the  unambiguous  and 
personal  declaration  of  Bonaparte  himself.  You  urge  that 
there  is  nothing  incompatible  with  the  revocation  of  the  De- 
crees in  respect  to  the  United  States,  in  his  expressions  to 
the  deputies  from  the  free  cities  of  Hamburgh,  Bremen^ 
and  Lubeck,  that  it  is  distinctly  stated  ni  that  speech,  that 
the  blockade  of  the  British  Islands  shall  cease  when  the 
British  hlotkiide  shall  t'eusct  and  that  the  French  blockade 
shall  cease  in  favor  of  those  nations  in  whose  favor  Great- 
Britain  revokes  hers  or  who  support  their  rights  against  her 
pretensions. 

It  is  to  be  inferred  from  this  and  the  corresponding  paiis 
of  the  declapution  alluded  to,  thai  unless  Great-Britain  sac- 
rifices her  principles  of  blockade,  which  are  those  authoriz- 
ed by  the  established  laws  of  nat'ons,  France  will  still 
maintain  her  Decrees  of  Berlin  and  xililan,  which  indeed, 
the  speech  in  question  declares  to  be  the  fundamental  law» 
of  the  French  empire. 

\  do  not,  I  confess,  conceive  how  these  avowals  of  the 
ruler  of  France,  can  be  said  to  be  compatible  with  the  re- 
peal of  his  Decrees  in  respect  to  the  United  Stales.  If  the 
I'niled  States  are  prepared  to  insist  on  the  sacrifices  by 
Great-Britain  of  the  ancient  and  established  rules  of  mari- 
time war  practised  by  her,  then  indeed  they  may  avoid  the 
opeiBtioM  of  the  French  Decrees,  but  otherwise,  according* 
to  th;s  document,  it  is  very  clear  that  they  are  'till  subjected 
to  theiu. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR.  #9 

The  Decree  of  FoiiiiUiinMcaii  is  confesRcdly  ftNmded  on 
the  Decrees  of  Berlin  and  Milan,  daled  the  lOtii  October, 
1810,  and  proves  their  continued  existence.  The  report 
of  the  FVencii  minister  of  Decc  iiil)er  H,  unrionncin^  the  per- 
severance of  France  in  her  Decrees  is  still  lurtlierin  confir- 
mntion  of  them,  and  a  re-perusal  of  the  letter  of  ttie  minister 
oi'  justice,  of  the  25th  last  Deceail)er,  cunHrins  mo  in  die 
inference  I  <lrew  from  it,  for  otherwise  why  should  that  min- 
iijter  make  tlie  prospective  restoration  of  American  vessel«, 
taken  after  tl»e  Isl  of  November,  to  be  a  consequence  of  the 
non-importation,  and  not  of  tiie  French  revocation.  If  tite 
French  government  had  been  sincere,  they  vi'ould  have  ceas- 
ed infrin<;ing  on  the  neutral  rights  of  America,  after  the  1st 
November. — That  they  violated  them,  however,  aiter  that 
period,  is  notorious. 

Your  government  seem  to  let  it  be  understood  that  an 
ambiguous  declaration  from  Great-Britain,  similar  to  that 
of  the  French  minister,  would  have  been  acceptable  to  them. 
But,  sir,  is  it  consistent  with  the  dignity  of  a  nation  that 
respects  itself,  to  speak  in  ambiguous  language  ?  The  sub- 
jects and  citizens  of  either  country  would  in  Uie  end  be  the 
victims,  as  many  ai*e  already,  in  all  probability,  ;^ho  from 
a  misconstruction  of  the  meaning  of  the  French  govern- 
ment, have  been  led  into  the  most  imprudent  speculations. 
Such  conduct  would  not  be  to  |)roceed  pari  passu  with 
France  in  revoking  our  Edicts,  but  to  descend  to  the  use  of 
the  perHdious  and  juggiing  contrivances  of  her  cabinet,  by 
which  she  fills  her  coffers  at  the  expense  of  independent 
nations.  A  similar  construction  of  proceeding  pari  passu 
might  lead  to  such  Decrees  as  those  of  HambouiUet,  or  of 
Bayonne,  to  the  system  of  exclusion  or  of  licences,  all 
measures  of  France  against  the  American  commerce,  is 
nothing  short  of  absolute  hostility. 

It  is  urged  that  no  vessel  has  i>een  condemned  by  the  tri- 
bunals of  France,  on  the  principias  of  her  Decrees  since  the 
the  1st  of  November.  You  allow,  however,  that  there  have 
been  some  detained  since  that  period,  and  that  such  parV  of 
the  cargoes  as  consisted  of  goods  not  the  produce  of  Amer- 
ica, was  seized,  and  the  other  part,  together  with  the  vessel 
itself,  only  released  after  the  President's  proclamation  be- 
came known  in  France.  These  circumstances,  surely,  only 
prove  the  difficulty  that  France  is  under  in  reconciling  her 


I 


fi- 


ll'^i 


I     (I 


j 


1^' 


i 

'if 

is 


44 


H18T0RY  OP  THE  WARi 


Anti-commercial  and  anli-nenlr.il  system,  with  her  flosire  Xo 
express  her  satisfaction  at  the  measures  lakiii  in  Aiiuriciv 
against  the  commerce  of  Great-Britain.  She  seizes  in  vif- 
Uie  of  ihe  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees,  but  she  makes  a  par- 
tial restoration  for  the  purpose  of  deceiviii«r  America. 

1  have  now  followed  you,  1  believe,  sir,  through  the  whole 
range  of  your  argument,  and  o.i  reviewing  the  course  of  it, 
I  think  I  may  securely  sar  that  no  satisfactory  proof  has  jet 
been  brought  forward  of  the  repeal  of  the  obnoxious  De- 
crees of  France,  but  on  the  contrary,  that  it  appears  they 
continue  in  full  force,  consi-qutnlly  that  no  grounds  exist 
on  which  you  can,  with  justice,  demand  of  Great-Britain  a 
revocation  of  her  Orders  in  Council ; — that  we  have  a  right 
to  complain  of  the  conduct  of  the  American  government,  in 
enforcing  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  May,  1810,  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  the  British  trade,  and  afterwards  in  obtaining  a 
special  law  for  the  same  purpose.,  though  it  was  notorious 
at  the  time  that  France  still  continued  htr  aggressions  'ipon 
American  commerce,  and  ha<l  recently  promulgated  anew 
her  Decrees,   suffering  no  trade  from   this  country,  but 
through  licences  publicly  sold  by  her  agent,  and  that  all  the 
suppositions  you  have  formed  of  innovations  on  the  part  of 
Great-Britain,  or  of  her  pretensions  to  trade  with  her  ene- 
mies are  wholly  groundless.     I  have  also  stated  to  you  the 
view  his  majesty's  government  has  taken  of  the  question  of 
the  blockade  of  May,  18()6,  and  it  now  only  remains  that  1 
tirge  afresh  the  injustice  of  the  United  States'  government, 
persevering  in  their  union  with  the  French  system,  for  the 
purpose  of  crushing  the  commerce  of  Great-Britain. 

From  every  consideration  which  equity,  good  policy,  or 
interest  can  suggest,  there  appears  to  be  such  a  call  upon 
America  to  give  up  this  system,  which  favors  France,  to 
the  injury  of  Gn.'at-Britain,  that  I  cannot,  however  little  sat* 
isfactury  your  communications  are,  as  yet  abandon  all  hopes 
that  even  before  the  Congress  meet,  a  new  view  may  be 
taken  of  the  subject  by  the  President,  which  will  lead  to  a 
more  happy  resutt. 

I  have  the  bono*  to  be,  with  very  high  consideration  and 
tespect,  sir,  your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER. 


HISTORY  OF  TIIK  >VAft. 


45 


il/r.  Monroe  to  Mr.  Foster. 
Depahtment  <»p  State,  July  27lh,  1811. 

SIR — 1  had  Uie  honor  lo  receive  your  letter  of  ye«lertlay*i 
date,  III  time  to  submit  it  to  the  view  of  the  President  before 
he  left  town. 

It  was  iny  otjecl  to  state  to  you  ^n  my  letter  of  the  23d 
inst.  that  under  e\<stiii(r  (Mrciimstuiues,  it  wan  imftOHmble  for 
the  President  to  terminate  the  operation  of  the  non-importa- 
tion law  of  the  2(1  oi  March  last  ;  that  France  having  except- 
ed the  proposition  made  by  a  previous  law  equally  to  G. 
Britain  and  to  France,  and  h.^vinjr  revoked  her  Decrees, 
violating  our  neutral  righlM,  andGreat-Dritain  havinq;  declin. 
ed  to  revoke  hers,  it  became  the  duty  of  this  government 
to  inlfil  lis  engagement,  and  to  declare  the  non-importa- 
iion  law  in  force  ao;ainst  Great-Britain. 

This  state  of  aitairs  has  not  been  sought  by  the  United 
Stales.  When  the  propoKition,  contamed  in  the  law  of  May 
1st,  1810,  was  offered  equally  to  both  powers,  there  was 
cause  to  presume  that  Great-Britain  would  have  accepted  it, 
in  which  event  the  non-importation  law  would  not  have  op- 
erated against  her.  .... 

It  is  in  the  power  of  the  British  government  at  this  tim6 
to  enable  the  President  to  set  the  non-importation  law  aside, 
by  rendering  to  the  United  States  an  act  of  justice.  If 
Great-Britain  will  cease  to  violate  our  neutral  rights  by  re- 
voking her  Orders  in  Council,  on  which  event  alone  th^ 
President  has  the  power,  I  am  instructed  to  inform  you  that 
he  will,  without  delay,  exercise  it  by  terminating  the  ope- 
ration of  this  law. 

It  is  presumed  that  the  communications  which  I  have 
had  the  honor  to  make  to  you,  of  the  revocation  by  France 
of  her  Decrees,  so  far  as  they  violated  the  neutral  rights  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  her  conduct  since  the  revocation, 
will  present  to  your  government  a  different  view  of  the  sub- 
ject, from  that  which  it  had  before  taken,  and  produce  in  its 
councils  a  correspondent  effect. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

JAMES  MONROE. 


Mr.  Monroe  to  Mr.  Foster, 
SIR — I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letter  of  the 
I30th  of  .1  uly,  and  to  submit  it  to  the  view  of  the  President. 


\ ... 


i'l, 


i 


%  - 


ill 


4« 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


If 


III  answerinpf  that  letter,  it  is  pro|)er  tliut  I  sltould  notice 
a  c^mipiaiiit  thai  1  had  omitted  to  re\Ay  in  mine  of  the  2^d 
of  July,  to  your  remonstrance  ag^ainst  the  prochiniatiun  of 
the  President,  of  November  last,  and  totlie  demand  which 
you  had  made,  hy  order  of  your  government,  of  the  repeal 
•f  the  sion-importalion  act  of  March  2d,  of  the  pre  sent  year. 

iVly  letter  bus  certainly  not  merited  this  imputation. 

Having  shewn  the  injustice  of  the  British  j^overnment  in 
iss'jing  the  Orders  in  Council  on  the  pretext  assigned,  and 
its  still  greater  injustice  m  adhering  to  them  after  that  pre- 
text had  failfid,  a  respect  for  Ijreat-Bntain,  as  well  as  for 
the  United  States,  prevented  my  placmo^  in  the  strong  light 
in  which  the  sul>ject  naturally  presented  itself,  the  renion* 
strance  alluded  to,  and  the  extriiordinary  demand  founded 
on  it,  that  while  your  government  accommodated  in  noth- 
ing, the  United  States  should  nlinquish  the  ground,  w'tich 
by  a  just  regard  to  the  public  rights  aitd  honor,  they  had 
beeji  compelled  to  take.  Propositions  tending  to  degrade 
a  nation,  can  never  be  brought  into  discussion  by  a  govern- 
ment, not  prepared  to  submit  to  the  degradation.  It  was 
for  this  reason  that  1  confined  my  reply  to  tliose  passages  in 
your  letter,  which  involved  the  claim  of  the  United  States, 
on  the  principles  of  justice,  to  the  revocation  of  the  Orders 
in  Cou.icil.  Your  demand,  however,  was  neither  unnoti- 
ced or  unanswered.  In  laving  before  you  the  complete, 
and  as  was  believed,  irresistible  proof  on  wbicli  the  United 
States  expected,  and  called  for  the  revocation  of  the  Orders 
in  Council,  a  very  explicit  answer  was  supposed  to  be  given 
to  that  demand. 

Equally  mifounded  is  your  complaint  that  I  misunder- 
stood that  passage,  which  claimed  as  a  condition  of  the  re- 
vocation of  the  Orders  in  Council,  that  the  trade  of  Great- 
Britain  with  tlie  continent,  should  be  restored  to  the  state  in 
which  it  was  before  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decraes  were  is- 
sued. As  this  pretension  was  novel  and  exti'aordinary,  it 
was  necessary  that  a  distinct  idea  should  be  formed  of  it, 
and  with  that  view,  I  asked  such  an  explanation  as  would 
enable  me  to  form  one. 

lu  the  explanation  given,  you  do  not  insist  on  the  right  to 
trade  in  British  property,  with  British  vessels,  directly  with 
your  enemies.  Such  a  claim,  you  admit,  would  be  pre{)os- 
ierous.     But  you  do  insist  by  necessary  implication,  that 


France  has 
of  British  i 
when  the  p 
moves  that 
Crcat-Briti 

On  such 
There  is,  I 
wars.  Gr< 
regulate  th 
that  she  mi 
Britain  wei 
nor  even  ti 
this  respect 
Joes  she  ar 
sent  to  bee 
i.\erce  shal 
ill  their  cwi 

I  might 
Great-Brits 
of  right,  or 
ment  ? 

That  thd 
the  questioi 
tiieir  own  \ 
the  French 
there  those 
on  the  inter 

Nor  is  it 
trade  of  tli 
prohibit  it, 
a  necessary 
own  act ;  a 
alone  are  a 
sligation  an 
be  said,  is,  I 
nieiibure, 
any  sanctio 
Irai  nations 

The  Uni 
ment  of  the 
and  of  the 


:'|i 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


m 


IS- 


it 


M 


France  \\'m  no  h^^ht  to  iiiliibil  the  importation  into  her  ports 
of  BriliMh  manufactures^  of  the  produce  of  the  British  so'l, 
when  the  property  of  ueiitral»  ;  and  that,  until  France  re- 
moves that  inbiliition,  the  United  States  are  to  be  cut  off  by 
Great-Brituin  front  all  trade  whatever',  with  her  enemies. 

On  such  a  preteuft*  .  it  is  aloiost  impossible  to  reason. 
There  is,  I  believe,  no  example  of  it  in  the  history  of  past 
>vars.  Great-Brilain,  the  enemy  of  France,  undertakes  to 
reg^ulate  the  trade  of  France  ;  nor  is  that  ail ;  she  tells  her 
that  she  must  trade  in  British  goods.  If  Fre^nce  and  Great- 
Britain  were  at  peace,  this  pretension  would  not  be  set  up, 
nor  even  thought  of.  Has  Great-Britain  then  acquired  in 
this  respect  by  war,  rights  which  she  has  not  in  peace  P  And 
Joes  she  announce  to  neutral  nations,  that  unless  they  con- 
sent to  become  the  instruments  of  this  policy,  their  com- 
L\erce  shall  be  annihilated,  and  their  vessels  shall  be  shut  U]^ 
ill  their  uwn  ports  ?  '     .  ^'    '  .!.♦,!•   i.;/. 

I  might  ask  whether  French  goods  are  admitted  int6 
Great-Britain,  even  in  peace,  and  if  they  are,  whether  it  be 
of  right,  or  by  the  consent  and  policy  of  the  British  govern- 
ment ? 

That  the  property  would  be  neutralized  does  not  effect 
the  question.  If  the  United  States  have  no  right  to  carry 
their  own  productions  into  France  without  the  consent  of 
the  French  government,  how  can  they  undertake  to  carry 
there  those  of  Great-Brttain  ?  In  all  cases  it  must  depend 
on  the  interest  and  the  will  of  the  party. 

i\ur  is  it  material  to  what  extent,  or  by  what  powers,  the 
trade  of  the  continent  is  prohibited.  If  the  powers  who 
prohibit  it,  are  at  war  with  Great-Britain,  the  prohibition  is 
a  necessary  consequence  of  that  :itate.  If  at  peace,  it  is  their 
own  act ;  and  whether  it  be  voluntary,  or  compulsive,  they 
alone  are  answerable  for  it.  If  the  act  be  taken  at  the  in- 
s\  igation  and  under  the  influence  of  France,  the  most  that  can 
be  said,  is,  that  it  justities  reprisal  against  them,  by  a  similar 
measure.  On  no  pnnciple  whatever  can  it  be  said  to  give 
any  sanction  to  the  conduct  of  Great-Britain  towards  neu- 
tral nations. 

The  United  States  can  have  no  objection  to  the  employ- 
ment of  their  commercial  capital  in  the  supply  of  France, 
and  of  the  continent  generally,  with  manufactures,  and  to 
co.nprise  in  the  supply  those  of  Great-Britain,  provided 


■1l ' 


\i 


i\% 


4» 


Hl<nv>BY  OF  THE  WAB. 


lil;. 


(hose  powen  will  cooMenl  to  it.  Bui  they  cannot  nndertake  to 
force  such  su|iplies  on  France  or  on  any  other  power,  in 
compliance  with  the  claim  of  the  British  p^oveniment,  oo 
|iiMnci|>les  incompatible  with  the  rights  of  every  indepen- 
dent nation,  and  they  will  not  demand  in  i-Av^f  of  another 
pQwer,  what  they  cannot  claim  for  themnelves. 

AM  that  Grcat-Britaiii  could  with  reason  coaiplain  of, 
y/M  the  inhibition  by  the  French  Decree.<i,  of  the  lawful 
trade  of  neutrals,  with  the  British  dominions  Ah  roou  as 
that  inhibition  ceased,  her  inhibition  of  our  trade  with 
France  ought  ^n  like  manner  to  have  cenoii'd.  Having 
pledged  herself  to  proceed  pari  passu  with  France,  in  the 
revocation  of  their  respective  acts,  violating  neutral  rights, 
it  has  afforded  just  cause  of  oomplaint,  and  even  of  aston- 
ishment, to  the  United  Stales,  that  the  British  government 
should  have  sanctioned  the  sei/ure  and  condiimnatioti  of 
American  vessels  under  the  Orders  in  Council  uiter  the  re- 
vocation of  llie  French  LV'crees  was  announced,  and  even 
u\  the  very  moment  wlien  your  mission,  avowed  to  be  con- 
oiliatory,  was  to  have  its  eiiect. 

I  will  only  add  that  had  it  appeared  tiiially,  that  France 
had  failed  to  perform  her  engagements,  it  nii«>ht  at  least 
have  been  expected,  that  Greal-Britain  woiild  not  have  mo- 
lested such  of  the  vessels  of  the  United  States  as  might  be 
e?"!tering  the  ports  of  France,  on  the  faith  of  both  govern- 
ments, till  that  failure  was  clearly  proved. 

To  many  insinuations  in  your  tetter  I  make  no  reply,  be- 
cause they  suiilcieatly  suggest  the  only  one  that  would  be 
proper. 

it  it  were  necessary  to  dwell  on  the  impartiality  which 
has  been  observed  by  the  United  States  towards  the  two  bel- 
ligerents, I  might  ask,  whether  if  G.  eat- Britain  had  accept- 
ed the  condition  which  wm  oifered  equally  to  her  and 
France,  by  the  act  of  May  1st,  1810,  and  France  had  re- 
jected it,  there  is  cause  to  doubt  that  the  non-iniuortation  act 
would  have  been  carried  into  effect  against  France  ?  No 
such  doubt  can  possibly  exist,  because  in  a  former  instance, 
when  this  government,  trusting  to  a  fuliilnient  by  yours,  of 
an  arrangement  which  put  an  end  to  a  non- intercourse  wilh 
Great-Britain,  the  non-intercourse  was  continued  against 
France,  who  had  not  then  repealed  her  Decrees,  as  it  was 
90t  d'^ubted  England  had  done.     Has  it  not  been  repeat- 


■  I' 


m 


m 


HISTORY  or  TIIC  WAR. 


49 


%t\\y  tleclared  to  your  government,  that  if  Great-Britain 
ivuiiltl  revoke  her  Orders  in  Council,  the  PreMident  would 
ihiniedialely  cause  the  non-importation  to  ceaM;  ?  You  well 
know  that  the  same  declaration  has  often  been  made  to 
vourself,  and  that  nothing'  more  is  wanting  to  the  removal 
of  the  existing  obstructions  to  the  commerce  between  the 
two  countries,  than  a  sati^  actory  assurance,  which  will  be 
ri'ccivcd  with  pleasure  from  yourself,  that  the  Orders  in 
Com. oil  are  at  an  end. 

B/  llie  remark  in  your  letter  of  the  3d  of  July,  that  the 
blockade  of  May,  18()6,  had  been  included  in  the  more 
comprehensive  system  of  the  Orders  in  Council  of  the  follow- 
ing year,  and  that,  if  that  blockade  sttould  be  continued  in 
force  after  the  repeal  of  the  Orders  in  Council,  it  would  be 
inconsequence  of  the  special  application  of  a  sufficient  na- 
val force,  I  could  not  but  infer  your  idea  to  be,  that  the  re- 
peal of  the  Orders  in  Council  would  necessarily  involve  the 
repeal  of  the  blockade  of  May.  I  was  the  more  readdy 
induced  to  make  this  inference,  from  the  consideration  that 
if  the  blockade  was  not  revoked  by  the  repeal  of  the  Orders 
in  Council,  there  would  be  no  necessity  for  givmg  notice 
ihal  it  would  be  continued  ;  as  by  the  further  consideration, 
that  according  to  the  decision  of  your  court  of  admiralty,  a 
blockade  instituted  by  proclamation  docs  not  cease  by  the 
removal  of  the  force  applied  to  it,  nor  without  a  formal  no- 
lice  by  the  government  to  that  effect.      """ 

It  is  not,  however,  wished  to  discuss  any  question  relative 
to  the  mode  by  which  that  blockade  may  be  terminated; 
Its  actual  termination  is  the  material  object  for  considera- 
tion. 

It  is  easy  to  shew,  and  it  has  already  been  abundantly 
shown,  that  the  blockade  of  May,  1806,  is  inconsistent  on 
any  view  that  may  be  taken  of  it  with  the  law  of  nations. 
It  is  also  easy  to  show  that,  as  now  expounded,  it  was 
equally  inconsistent  with  the  sense  of  your  government, 
when  the  order  was  issued  ;  and  this  change  is  a  sufficient 
reply  to  the  remarks  which  you  have  applied  to  me  person- 
ally. 

If  you  will  examine  the  order,  you  will  find  that  it  is 
strictly,  little  more  than  a  blockade  of  the  coast  from  the 
Seme  to  Ostend.  There  is  an  express  reservation  in  it  in 
favor  of  neutrals  to  any  part  of  the  coast  between  Brest  an<l 

7 


1  I 


I 


-<il||: 


\        ,     , 


At. 


u 


•  t 


60 


uisiniiY  o*'  Tiie  WAB. 


m 


1 1 


I ) 


m 


.o 


the  Seine,  niid  hctwcen  Ostciid  i\ui\  the  Elhe.  MeutrHl 
powt;rM  arc  {icrnullfd  by  it  to  take  troiii  their  own  |iorks 
v.\w)  kin«]  ol' produce  without  (liHliiiclioii  uh  to  ds  oii^in  ; 
uikMu  ciirr^  it,  to  the  roi  tiiient  uikU-t  Ihut  liiuitntioii,  ;i:i({ 
'Wilh  the  exception  only  of  coutritl  and  of  war,  aud  eiunt>'M 
property,  and  to  hrini^  theiier  to  their  own  ports  iit  V\  turn. 
whatever  articles  they  tliink  tit.  Why  wen-  « (-.ntraliund  of 
war  and  enemy's  properly  excepted,  if  a  coiiinieree  evi  u  m 
those  arlieles  would  not  otherwise  have  i>cen  periintted  un- 
der the  reservation  ?  Ni»  order  was  mccssar)  to  snhjfct 
them  to  seizure.  Tliey  were  liable  to  it  according  to  the 
law  of  nations,  as  asserted  hy  Great-Bntain. 

Why  then  did  the  tiritish  goveruiient  institute  a  block- 
ade, which  with  respect  to  neutrals  was  not  rig^orons,  as  to 
the  g-resder  part  of  the  coast  comprisi  d  in  it  ?  if  you  wtil 
look  to  the  slate  of  tilings  which  then  existed  between  the 
United  Stales  and  V  rent-Britain,  you  will  liiid  the  answer. 
A  controversy  had  taken  place  between  our  g^overnnients 
Qn  a  ditfcrent  topic,  which  was  still  pending.  The  British 
governuient  had  interfered  with  the  trade  iM.'lween  France 
and  her  allies  in  the  produce  of  their  colonies.  The  just 
claim  of  the  United  Slates  was  then  a  subject  of  negotia- 
tion ;  and  your  g'overniiient  professii.g  its  willingness  to 
make  a  salisfaclory  arrnnjrenient  of  it,  issued  the  Order 
"which  allowed  Ihe  trade,  without  making  any  concession 
as  to  the  principle,  reserving  that  for  adjustment  by  treaty. 
It  was  in  this  light  that  I  viewed,  and  in  this  sense  that  I 
represented  that  order  to  my  governiueut ;  and  in  iio  other 
did  I  make  any  comment  Oii  it. 

When  you  reflect  that  this  order  by  allowing  llie  trade 
of  neutrals,  in  colonial  productions,  to  all  that,  portion  of  the 
coast  which. was  not  rigorously  blockaded,  aflorded  to  Ihe 
United  States  an  accommodation  in  a  principal  point  then 
at  issue  between  our  governments,  and  of  which  their  citi- 
zens extensively  availed  themselves  that  that  trade  and  the 
question  of  blockade,  and  every  other  (pieslion  in  which  the 
Unile.d  Stales  and  deal- Britain  were  inlereslcd,  were  then 
in  a  train  of  amicable  negotiation,  you  will,  I  think,  seethe 
cause  why  the  Diinister  who  then  rttpresented  the  United 
States  with  the  British  q:overnment,  did  not  make  a  formal 
complaint  against  it.  You  have  apj>eaUd  to  me,  who  hap- 
pened to  be  that  minister,  and  ui:gcd  my  sdence  as  uh  evi- 


HisToBY  OP  Tirr.  \v\n. 


.**1 


»:•<  -■ 


douce  <»t'  my  jip|»rol>ulioii  oi,  ov  at  |»»;wl  ac(|Mirscc  in  \\\n 
idorknile. — An  e\|»iHR>ilMti  oi  tiic  C4Uhi>  ot  tliul  mi;i|)om.(1 
itilence  ih  idI  lesit  duo  tu  insNOti,  tliau  to  ilit!  tnie  r|iarnrt«  r 
ot  the  Iraiisactioii.  Willi  tiic  nihtister  uilli  whom  I  iiaci  the 
huiior  to  treiil,  1  mtiy  aild,  ihHtiui  uHioiil  foniiai  compluiit) 
was  not  likely  to  l>e  re.surU^I  to,  lH;r»tMi>  rri«'i<Jly  coinmuiii- 
(Mtioiis  \^cre  iitviled  and  pn  iVrrcd.  'llu^  wtiiil  uf  such  a 
docuiiicnt  i*t  no  proof  that  thi^  nien.siire  nvhm  approved  hy 
ine,  or  that  no  com|>ianit  \iH>r  made.  In  lucalini*;  to  my 
niind,  an  this  nwideul  naturally  dots,  the  manly  character 
uf  that  diHlin^niNhcd  and  dlnslrions  Ntalisimm,  and  the  coii> 
tidence  with  which  he  iiiNpired  all  those  with  whom  he  had 
to  treat,  I  shall  he  p'rinilted  to  e\pre»H  axasliirjittriljutc  of 
respect  to  hin  memory,  the  very  hic^h  coitsidcratioii  in  which 
I  have  always  held  his  <^reat  talents  and  virtues.  <  >  .-  r 

The  United  btates  have  not,  nor  can  they  appi'ovc  llic 
Ulocknde  of  an  extensive  coast.  Nolhin«r  certainly  can  be 
iiitered  from  any  thin^  thai  has  passed  relativeto  the  block- 
ade of  May,  1806,  to  countenance  such  nn  inference. 

It  is  seen  with  satisfaction  that  you  still  admit  thstt  the 
application  of  an  adequate  force  is  necessary  to  give  a 
blockade  a  legal  character,  and  that  it  will  lose  that  char- 
jicter,  whenever  that  adequate  force  ceases  to  be  applied. 
As  it  cannot  be  alledged  that  the  application  of  any  such 
adequate  force  has  been  continued,  and  actually  exists  in  the 
case  of  the  blockade  of  May,  18<X),  it  would  seem  to  be  a 
fair  inference,  that  the  repeal  of  the  Orders  in  Council  will 
leave  no  insuperable  difhculty  with  respect  to  it.  To  sup- 
pose the  contrary,  would  be  to  suppose  that  the  Orders  in 
Council,  said  to  include  that  blockade,  rcstiii<Nr  themselves 
on  a  principle  of  retaliation  only,  and  not  sustained  by  the 
application  of  an  adequate  force,  would  have  the  eifect  of 
sustaining  a  blockade  admitted  to  require  the  application  of 
an  adequate  force,  until  such  adequate  force  should  actually 
take  the  place  of  the  Orders  in  Council.  Whenever  any 
blockade  is  instituted,  it  will  be  a  subject  for  consideration, 
and  if  the  blockade  be  in  conformity  to  the  law  of  nations, 
there  will  be  no  disposition  in  this  government  to  contest  it. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &,c.  i'lr        '      V  ?  i-;: 

I     >  JAMES  MONROE. 


■  :}     '  '(.hit  %' 


m 


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J ' 


%  i 


02 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


Iifi 


I    I 


'  1'!^ 


I  'II 


m 

i  f 


t-» 


.!j:   'jir.   *:\  1* 


,1     Jl/r.  Foster  to  Mr.  Monroe, 

Washington,  October  22,  18!1. 

SIR— I  had  ilie  honor  to  rcrc  Lve  your  letter  of  the  171Il 
inst.  tof^ether  with  its  three  encUnures,  on  the  road  between 
Baltmore  and  thib  city  ;  I  had  that  of  receiving  at  the  nnme 
time,  your  letter  dated  October  1,  in  ati&wer  to  mine  of  the 
26lh  of  last  July,     r       W"t  f  .-f »  Ii.i^  .^.i  «  vjffvfj.' 

Not  having^  had  any  despatehes  from  his  majesty's  gov- 
ernment lately,  1  have  not  as  yet  received  the  copy  of  the 
recent  communication  from  Paris  in  regard  to  the  supposed 
repeal  of  the  French  Decrees,  which  the  charge  d*atfairs  of 
the  United  States  at  London  has  intimateii  to  you,  that  he 
understood  the  Marquis  Wellesley  intended  to  transmit  to 
me,  and  which  I  conclude  is  the  same  as  that  contained  in 
the  letter  of  Mr.  Russell,  the  American  charge  d*affairs  in 
France.  I  am  however  in  daily  expectation  of  the  arrival 
of  his  majesty's  packet  boat,  when,  it  will  in  all  probability 
reach  roe,  and  when  if  I  should  receive  any  fresh  iiiblruc- 
tions  in  consequence  I  will  not  fail  immediately  to  acquaint 
you.  In  the  meanwhile,  however,  1  beg  you  will  permit 
me  to  make  some  remarks  in  reply  to  your  letter  of  Octo- 
ber 1,  being  extremely  anxious  to  do  away  the  impresision 
"which  you  seem  to  have  received  relative  to  the  demand  1^ 
had  made  for  the  repeal  of  the  non-importation  act  of  the 
present  year. 

It  is,  I  assure  you,  sir,  with  great  regret  that  I  find  you, 
consider  that  demand  as  involving  in  any  degree  proposi- 
tions tending  to  degrade  your  nation.  Such  an  idea  cer- 
tainly never  existed  with  his  majesty's  government,  nor 
-would  it  be  compatible  with  the  friendly  sentiments  enters 
tamed  by  them*  for  the  United  States;  neither  could  I  have 
suffered  myself  to  be  the  channel  of  conveying  a  demand 
which  I  thought  had  such  a  tendency. — However  you  view 
the  demand  made  on  the  part  of  Great-Britain,  I  can  safely 
say  that  it  was  made  in  consequence  of  its  appearing  to  his 
majesty's  government  on  strong  evidence  that  the  chief  of 
the  Freitch  nation  had  really  deceived  America  as  to  the 
repeal  of  his  Decrees,  and  in  the  hopes  that  the  United. 
States'  government  '■  '  'herefore  seethe  justice  of  repla- 
cing this  country  '  )rnier  footing  of  amicable  rela-. 
tions  with  England,  nothing  appearing  to  be  more  natural 
thao  such  an  expectation,  which  seemed  a  necessary  conse- 


mSTORY  or  THB  WAH. 


s^ 


qiienceof  the  tlijiposition  cxiircHMcd  hy  America  to  maintain 
her  ncutralit)',  anil  dcsirahle  in  cverv  other  point  of  view.  T 
connot  indeed  brin^  ni)Keif  to  think,  sir,  that  your  candor 
ATould  allow  you,  on  a  consideration,  to  put  any  other  ron« 
ritruction  on  the  matter,  and  had  my  ar^uniei.tN  had  »uffi« 
cient  weight  with  you  in  shewing  that  the  French  Dccreea 
were  still  in  force,  I  r  ainot  doubt  but  you  would  have 
uirrred  with  me  in  the  conclusion  1  drew — it  would  seem 
therefore  only  owin^  to  your  not  viewing^  the  deceitful  con- 
duct of  the  French  g-overnment  in  the  same  light  that  it  ap- 
pears to  his  majesty *s  government,  that  a  difference  of 
opinion  exists  between  us  as  to  the  proposal  I  made,  which 
under  the  conviction  entertained  by  them  was,  surely  a  very 
just  and  natural  one. 

f  rom  the  earnest  desire  of  vindicating  myself  and  my 
government  from  the  charge  of  making  any  degrading  or 
unjust  demands  on  that  of  America,  I  have,  taken  the  liber- 
ty to  trouble  you  so  tar  nnd  I  will  now  proceed  to  shev/ 
why  I  thought  you  had  misunderstood  the  passage  of  my 
letter  which  related  to  the  extent  in  which  the  repeal  of  the 
French  Decrees  >vas  required  by  Great-Britain.  In  the  ex- 
planation which  you  desired  on  this  point  I  gave  you  that 
which  theMarquisWellesley  gave  Mr.  Pinkney  in  answer 
to  his  letter  of  August  25.  1810,  and  I  beg  to  refer  you  to 
the  message  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  on  the 
opening  of  CongrctS  m  December,  1810,  for  a  proof  that 
the  demand  of  Great-Britain  in  the  extent  in  which  I  have 
stated  it  was  known  to  your  government  several  months 
ago — how  was  I  thererore  to  f  ppose  in  the  term  innova- 
tions, as  applied  to  the  explanation  given  by  me,  that  you 
could  mean  otherwise  than  some  really  new  pretension  on 
the  part  ot  Great-Britaia  such  as  that  France  should  suffer 
British  property  to  be  carried  into  her  ports  for  the  purpo- 
ses of  trade?  if  the  warmth  I  was  betraved  into  in  endeav- 
ormg  to  refute  a  supposed  imputation  of  this  sort  gave  any 
offence,  I  sincerely  regret  it,  and  I  will  beg  permission  here 
to  say,  sir,  that  if  unconsciously  1  have  by  any  of  my  remarks 
ledyou  to  suppose  they  conveyed  any  improper  insinuations, 
as  one  paragraph  of  your  letter  would  appear  to  im|>ly,  I 
am  most  unfeignedly  sorry  for  it,  as  I  entertain  llie  high- 
est respect  for  you,  personally,  and  for  your  government ; 
^nd  could  onlv  have  meant  what  I  wrote  in  the  wav  of  ar- 


il 


in  j 


j.ii 


IL'i 


:!.il 


A 


\ 


w\ 


54 


UISTORY  OP  TflE  WAR. 


.l| '  I 


m\ 


gument,  or  for  llie  purpose  of  contrasting  tli©  proree<linafs 
of  France  in  ber  conduct  towardti  the  United  States  with 
that  of  Great- Britain.      ^   irt*  .  ;  i  ^   in  ;:» iw  t'  librrs  Jvfu;  :  j 

In  revertinjr  to  Uie  extraordinary  and  unprecedented  sit- 
uation of  things  that  has  aristen  out  of  the  war  in  Europe  it 
would  8cem  needless  to  repeat  the  evidence  there  is  that  tltt 
lawless  and  unbounded  auihit ion  of  the  ruler  of  France  has 
l)een  the  orit^in  of  it,  and  it  cannot  be  a  secret  to  the  Unit- 
ed States'  government  that  his  plan  has  been  and  avowedly 
continues  to  be,  not  to  scruple  at  the  violation  of  any  law, 
provid'id  he  can  thereby  overthrow  the  maritime  power  of 
England.     Is  it  not  therefore  reasonable  in  Great-Britain 
to  distrust  an  ambiguous  declar<ition  of  his  having  sudilen- 
]y  given  up  any  part  of  a  system  which  bethought  calculat- 
ed  to  produce  such  an  effect  ?  You  say  however  that  the 
Decrees  of  Berlin  and   Milan  are  revoked.     America,  as 
not  being  at  war,  and  therefore   not  seeing  so  clearly  into 
the  views  of  France,  may  be  less  scrupulous  as  to  the  evi- 
dence necessary  to  prove  the  fact — but  sir,  it  surely  cannot 
be  expected  that  Great-Britain,  who  is  contending  for  ev- 
ery thing  that  is  dear  to  her,  should  not  require  more  proof 
on  a  point  so  material  to  ber.     It  is  undoubtly  a  very  desi- 
rable thing  for  the  United  States  to  have  a  free  and  unre- 
stricted trade  with  both  belligerents,  but  the  essential  se- 
curity and  most  important  interests  of  Amercia  are  not  in- 
volved in  the  question  as  are  those  of  Great- Britain.  France 
has  levelled  a  blow  which  she  hopes  will  prove  deadly  to 
f he  resources  of  G.  Britain,  and  before  the  British  govern- 
meut  can  with  safety  give  up  the  measures  of  defence  in 
consequence  adopted    by   them,  very    strong  proof  must 
exist  of  the  cessation  by  France  of  her  novel  and  unprece-> 
dented  measures. 

I  confess,  sir,  with  the  sincerest  disposition,  to  discover  on 
the  part  of  the  ruler  of  France,  a  return  to  the  long-esta- 
blished practice  of  warfare  as  exerciseil  in  civilized  Europe, 
1  have  been  unable  to  succeed  ;  and  if  the  French  govern- 
ment bad  really  meant  to  withdraw  their  obnoxious  De- 
crees, it  is  inconceivable,  why,  instead  of  allowing  their  in- 
tentions to  be  guessed  at,  or  infered,  they  should  not  openly 
and  in  plain  language  have  declared  so  ;  the  Decrees  them- 
selves,  having  been  clearly  enough  announced  on  their 
enactment,  m  by  should  not  their  revocation  be  equally  ex- 
jjlicit  '^  " 


HISTORY   or   THK  WA*.  #1 

While,  liowrver^,  nninerons  declnmtions  have  het>n  made 
oil  tilt;  part  ol  France,  of  the  coiitinnefl  existence  ot'the  De- 
crtt's  jiiid  ciiplures  made  niMler  them  of  neutral  ships  have 
occurred,  a  few  of  the  American  iressels  seized  since  No- 
veml»er  1,  have  been  rentored,  and  the  foregoing^,  a  very 
small  |iartof  his  plunder,  isdeflired  by  Bonaparte  to  be  con- 
sid<Ted  as  a  proof  of  the  sincerity  of  his  revocation  by 
America  ;  bnt  it  mn»t  be  recollected,  that  besides  the  ob- 
ject  of  ruininjsr  the  British  resoarces  by  his  own  unauthor- 
i/ed  regulations,  he  has  also  thai  of  endeavoring;  to  obtain 
the  aid  of  the  United  St:>tes  for  the  same  purpose,  and  here- 
in you  will,  as  I  had  the  honor  to  remark  in  a  former  letter, 
be  able  to  observe  the  cause  of  the  apparently  contradictor 
ry  language  held  both  by  himself  and  his  ministers. 

I  shall  be  extremely  happy,  to  receive  from  you,  sir,  the 
information  that  in  a  frank  and  unambiguous  manner  the 
chief  of  the  Fiencli  government  had  revoked  his  Decrees. 
Why  he  shonld  not  do  so  is  inexplicable  if  he  means  to  re- 
vert to  the  ordinary  rale:*  of  war,  bnt  while  he  exercises  swell 
i.!v;spolic  sway  whci-ever  his  influence  extends,  to  ruin  the 
■  sources  of  England,  it  cannot  be  expected  that  Great- 
ijnlain  shall  not  use  ihe  meai.s  she  possesses  for  the  purpose 
of  making  him  feel  the  pressure  cf  his  own  system.  Inhere 
is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  ere  long  the  ett'ects  on  the 
enemies  ot  Great- Britain  will  be  sue!),  as  irresistibly  topro« 
duce  a  change  which  will  place  commerce  on  its  former 
basts.  In  the  mean  time,  sir,  I  hope  yon  will  not  think  it 
extraordinarv,  if  I  should  contend  that  the  seiz.ure  of  Ameri- 
can  siiips  by  France,  since  November  1,  and  the  positive 
and  iniquaiihed  declarations  of  the  French  government,  are 
stronger  proofs  of  the  continued  existence  of  the  Frencli 
Occrees  and  the  bad  faith  of  (he  ruler  of  France,  than  the 
restoration  of  five  or  six  vessels,  too  palpably  given  up  for 
fallacious  purposes,  or  in  testimony  of  liis  satisfaction  at  the 
allitnde  taken  by  Ameriia,  is  a  proof  of  their  revocation, 
or  of  his  return  to  the  principles  of  justice.  ..!    ■  ,••  ..  ' 

I  will  only  repeat,  sir,  in  answer  to  your  observations,  ou 
the  late  condemnation  of  the  ships  taken  under  bin  majes- 
ty's Orders  in  Council,  what  i  have  already  had  the  honor 
to  stale  to  you,  thai  the  delay  which  took  place  in  their  cou- 
(lenination  was  not  in  c«Yiisefjnence  of  any  doubt  existing  iu 
his  majesty's  govenimeiitjas  to  Whether  the  French  D«crees 


] 


ii 


-i\n 


I  ): 


i& 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


tl'^V  * 


v 


\i'ere  revoked,  as  you  seetn  to  imagine,  but  in  consequence 
of  iU  boiui;  I  bought  that  the  American  government  u  on  its 
a]»|)eHring  that  they  were  deceived  by  France,  would  have 
ceased  their  injurious  measures  against  the  British  com- 
merce.    A  cousiderable  time  elapsed  before  the  decision 
look  place  on  those  ships,  and  there  is  no  doubt,  but  that 
had  the  U.  Slates'  government  nut  persisted  in  the  unfriend- 
ly attitude  towards  G.  Brit:iin  on  discovering  the  ill  faith 
of  France,  a  spirit  of  conciliation  in  bis  majesty *6  govern- 
ment would  hav;!  caused  their  release.  '  l^ '■■^ 
In  reply  to  your  observations  on  the  pretensions  of  G. 
Britain,  relative  to  the  revocation  of  the  French  Decrees,  I 
beg  to  repeat  that  the  sum  of  the  demand  made  by  England 
is,  that  France  should  follow  the  established  laws  of  warfare 
as  practised  in  former  wars  in  Europe.     Her  ruler  by  hts 
Decrees  of  Berlin  and  Milan,  declared  himself  no  longer 
bound  by  them  ;  he  has  openly  renounced  them  in  his  vio- 
lent eAurts  to  ruin  the  resources  of  G.  Britain,  and  has 
trampled  on  the  rights  of  independent  nations  to  eilect  his 
purpose.     If  the  French  governme.it  make  use  of  means  of 
unprecedented  violence  to  prevent  the  intercourse  of  Eng- 
land with  unoflending  neutrals,  can  it  be  expected  that  Eng- 
land should  tamely  suiiier  the  establishment  of  such  a  novel 
system  of  v/ar  without  retaliation,  and  endeavoring  in  her 
turn  to  prevent  the  French  from  enjoying  the  advantages 
of  which  she  is  unlawfully  depi:ived  ? 

Having  explained  already  the  situation  in  vi'hich  the  ques- 
tion of  the  blockade  of  May,  1806,  rests,  according  to  the 
views  of  his  majesty's  governriienl,  and  the  desi'/e  of  G. 
Britain  to  conduct  her  system  of  blockade  according  to  the 
laws  of  nations,  I  will  only  advert  to  it  on  this  occasion,  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  the  liberty  of  acknowledging  to  you, 
the  very  great  pleasure  1  receive<l  from  the  highly  honora- 
ble mark  of  respect,  which  you  have  taken  the  occasion  to 
express  for  the  iltuslrious  statesman  from  whose  counsels 
that  measure  emanated.  •■'  *'• '  '        -    ' 

1  need  not  repeat  to  you,  sir,  what  sincere  satisfaction  it 
would  give  me,  if  without  the  sacritice  of  the  essential  rights 
and  interests  of  G.  Britain,  all  the  points  in  discussion  be- 
tween our  two  countries  could  be  finally  adjusted. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  \c.  •'• 

.  •:■  :.;>U  --i!^'i  I  AXJGD5TUS  J.  FOSTER. 


tllSTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


r>7 


;■  « 


31r*  Monroe  to  Mr.  Foster,  7/ 

Dkpautment  ov  Stati-:,  Oct.  39,  1811. 

SlK — i  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letter  ot'tlie 
22(1  of  this  month,  and  to  lay  it  before  the  Presideiit      r< .  i 

The  assurance  which  you  have  given  o\'  your  disposition 
to  reciprocate,  in  our  commutiicationson  the  itnportant  sui)- 
jt  cts  depending  Ijetween  our  governments,  the  respectful 
attention  which  each  has  a  rif^ht  to  claim,  and  that  no  de- 
parture tVom  it  was  intended  \n  your  letter  of  the  'iOlh  July, 
\if  i  been  received  with  the  satisfaction  due  to  the  (rank  and 
conciliatory  spirit  in  v^hich  it  was  made.    ,;  ;   f,  T  -IH^ 

I  learn,  however,  with  much  regret,  that  you  have  de- 
ceived no  instructions  from  your  government^  founded  ofi 
the  new  proof  of  the  revocation  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan 
Decrees,  which  was  communicated  to  the  Marquis  of  Wel- 
lesley^  by  the  American  charge  d'aifairs  at  London,  in  a 
document  of  which  I  had  the  honor  to  transmit  to  you  a 
copy.  It  mig-ht  tairly  have  been  presumed^  as  I  have  before 
observed,  that  the  evidence  aiiorded  by  that  document^  of 
the  complete  levocation  oi'  those  Decrees,  so  far  as  they  in- 
tcrfered  with  the  commerce  of  the  U.  States  with  the  British 
dominionsv  would  have  been  followed  by  an  inuncdiate 
rejieal  of  the  Orders  in  Council.  Prom  the  reply  of  the 
Marquis  of  Wellesley,  it  was  at  least  to  have  been  expected 
that  no  time  had  been  lost  in  transmitting  that  document  to 
you,  and  that  the  ini^truclions  accompanying  it,  would  have 
manifested  a  change  in  the  sentiments  of  yuuf  government 
on  thf  subject.  The  regret^  thertfore,  cannot  but  be  increas- 
ed in  findingthatthe  coinmunication,  whicli  1  had  the  honor 
to  make  to  you»  has  not  oven  had  the  etlccl  of  .suspending 
your  eftbrts  to  vindicate  the  jjerseverar.ce  of  your  govern- 
ment in  enforcing  thoae  Ordei's. 

I  regret  also  to  obs*  rve,  llw.t  the  light  in  which  you  have 
Viewed  this  document,  and  the  remarks  which  you  have 
made  on  the  subject,  generally,  seems  to  preclude  any  other 
view  of  the  conditions  on  which  those  Orders  are  to  be  re- 
voked, than  those  that  were  furnished  by  your  former  com- 
nuiniculions.  You  still  adhere  to  the  pretension  that  the 
productions  and  manufactrres  of  G.  Britain,  when  ne;- 
tralized,  must  be  admitted  into  the  ports  of  your  enemies. 
This  pretension,  however  vague  the  language  heretofore 
held  bv  vour  government,  puriicularlv  bv  the  Marquis  of 

B 


ri 


j^^tt 


,  ■  I 


"!1 


I 


i:i 


51 


I'  ' 


u9 


lUSTOllY  OF  THE  "WAR. 


AVellesley,  in  his  rommunications  with  Mr.  Piiikncy,  on  th« 
suhject,   was  never  uiuleiHtood  to   have  been  einbrucetl. 
Nolhinf  ,  indeed,  short  of  the  speeific  declarations  which 
yon  have  made,  would  have  induced  a  belief  that  such  was 
l^he  case.  .....if      -      •r-,-««jj 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

JAMES  MONROE, 


(    (,.) 


.J  . 


Mr.  Foster  to  Mr,  Monroe.        "    * 
'*^      :m  .    Wasuinoton,  Oct.  Slst,  »81l. 

SIR— I  did  not  reply  at  leu<rth  to  the  observations  con« 
tallied  in  your  letter  of  the  Istnist.  on  the  pretensions  ot  G. 
Britain  as  relative  to  the  French  system,  because  you  seemed 
to  me  to  have  argued  as  if  but  a  part  of  the  system  continu- 
ed,  and  even  that  part  had  ceased  to  be  considered  as  a 
measure  of  war  against  G.  Britain.  For  me  to  have  allowed 
this,  would  have  been  at  once  to  allow  in  the  face  of  facts, 
that  the  Decrees  of  France  were  repealed,  and  that  her  un- 
precedented measures,  avowedly  pursued  in  deHunce  of  the 
laws  of  nations,  were  become  mere  ordiiiary  regulations  of 
trade.  I  therefore  thought  iit  to  confine  my  answer  to  your 
remarks,  to  a  general  statement  of  the  sum  of  the  demands 
of  G.  Britain,  whirh  was,  that  France  should  by  eifectually 
revoking  her  Decrees,  revert  to  the  usual  method  of  carry- 
ing on  war  as  practised  in  civilized  Europe. 

The  pretensions  of  France  to  prohibit  all  commerce  in 
articles  of  British  origin,  in  every  part  of  the  continent,  is 
one  among  the  many  violent  innovations  which  are  con- 
tained in  the  Decrees,  and  which  are  preceded  by  the  de- 
claration of  their  being  founded  on  a  determination  of  the 
ruler  of  France,  as  he  himself  avowed,  to  reveii:  to  the  prin- 
ciples which  characterised  the  barbarism  of  the  dark  ages, 
and  to  forget  all  ideas  of  j\istice,  and  even  the  common  feel- 
ings of  humanity,  in  the  new  method  of  carrying  on  war 
adopted  by  him. 

It  is  not,  however,  a  question  with  G.  Britain  of  mere  com- 
mercial interest,  as  you  seem  to  suppose,  which  is  involved 
in  the  attempt  by  Bonaparte  to  blockade  her  both  by  sea 
and  laufi,  but  one  of  the  feeling,  and  of  national  honor,  cun- 
tendikig  as  we  do  against  the  principles  which  he  professes  in 
his  new  system  of  warfare.  It  is  impossible  for  us  to  submit 
to  the  doctrine  that  he  has  a  right  to  compel  the  whole  con- 
tidcnt  to  break  oft' all  intercourse  with  us,  and  to  seize  upon 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


M 


veA^U  belon;^iii<;  to   neiitnl   nations  upKin  the  sole  pica  of 
their  haviiitf  viiiiletJ  an  English  port,  or  oi'thoir  beiii«(  Uileii 


ith 


^hat 


.soev( 


articles  of  BnlUh  or  colottiul  prod 
manner  eccTt^ired.  >  ,„., 

This  pretension,  however,  is  but  apart  of  that  syRtcni, 
the  whole  of  which,  under  our  conslruclion  of  iJie  letter  of 
M.  ChampajC^nVf  of  AuiruRt  5,  IHIO,  corroborated  b\  uiany 
subsequent  declarations  of  the  French  f^ovcrnnienU  and  not 
invalidated  by  any  unequivocal  declaration  of  a  conU'ury 
tenor,  must  be  considered  as  still  in  full  force. 

In  the  cooiuiunication  which  you  lately  transniilted  lo 
jiie,  I  am  &orry  to  re|)eat,  that  I  was  unable  to  discover  aiiy 
fiicts  which  satisfactorily  proved  that  the  Decrees  had  been 
actrally  repealed,  and  I  have  already  re|>eat(:dly  slated  the 
reasons  which  too  probably  led  to  the  restoration  of  a  few 
of  the  American  shi|3s  taken  in  pursuance  of  the  Beiliii  and 
Mdan  Decrees  after  November  1.  Mr.  Russell  does  not 
seem  to  aeny  that  the  Decrees  may  still  be  kept  in  force, 
only  he  thinks  they  have  assumed  a  municipal  character  , 
but  in  M.  Cliampagny's  declaration,  ambi<ruous  as  it  was, 
there  is  no  such  division  of  iliem  into  two  different  charac- 
ters; for  if  the  contingency  required  by  the  French  iMinis- 
tertook  place,  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees  were  loce^sc, 
according  io  bis  expression,  without  any  qualificaliun,  IP, 
therefore,  a  part  of  them  remain,  or  be  revived  agniui  as 
seems  to  be  allowed  even  here,  why  may  not  the  witule  be 
equally  so  ?  Where  proof  can  be  obtained  of  their  existence, 
we  have  it,  namely,  in  the  ports  of  France,  in  which  vessels 
have  been  avowedly  seized  under  their  operation  since  No- 
vember 1.  Of  their  maritime  existence  we  cannot  so  easily 
obtain  evidence,  because  of  tlie  few  French  ships  of  war 
whicji  venture  to  leave  their„  harbors.  Who  can  dotibl, 
iiowever,  that  had  the  ruler  of  France  a  n^vy  at  his  com- 
mand, equal  to  the  enforcing  of  hi«  violent  Decrees,  hr 
would  soon  show  that  part  of  them  to  be  no  dead  letter. 
The  principle  is  not  the  less  obnoxious  because  it  is  from 
necessity  almost  dormant  for  the  moment,  nor  ought  it  there- 
fore to  be  less  an  object  to  be  strsnuously  resisted. 

Allow  me,  sir,  here  to  express  my  sincere  regret,  that  1 
have  not  as  yet  been  able  to  convince  you,  by  what  1  can- 
not but  consider  the  strongest  evidence,  of  the  coitlinued 
existence  of  the  French  Decrees,   and  cousequently  of  Ihn 


It  ii 


\-U 


'  iM 


'4  .as 


h. 


m 


IIIiSTORY  or  THE  WAH. 


unfricnilly  policy  of  your  govei'nn'.enl  in  enforcinjr  the  non. 
importation  airuiiiRt  uk,  niul  opeiiin«^  (he  trnde  with  our  en< 
emics.  His  royal  hignesM  will,  f  am  convinced,  leani  with 
unt'eig^ned  sorrow,  that  such  continues  to  l)e  still  the  deter- 
mination of  America,  and  whatever  restrictions  on  the  com- 
merce, enjoyed  by  America  in  his  majesty's  dominions, 
may  ensnc  on  the  part  of  G.  Britain,  as  retaliatory  on  the  re- 
fusal by  your  government  to  adinit  the  productions  of  G. 
Britain  while  they  open  their  harbors  to  those  of  his  majes- 
ty's enemies,  they  will,  I  am  persuaded,  he  ado|>ted  with 
sincere  pain,  and  with  pleasure  relinquished  whenever  this 
country  shall  resume  her  neutral  position  and  impartial  al- 
titude between  the  two  belli^ren^. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER. 


nn 


J\ 


>  »'^i. 


■|!  :' 


!,' 


CHAPTER  II. 


*■» 


'    -     -'  MESSAGE, 

To  the  Senate  and  Home  of  Hepresentatives  of  tlie  U.  Sinks, 

I  communicate  to  Congress  copies  of  a  correspondence 
between  the  Envoy  Extreiordinary  and  Minister  Iptenipo- 
tentiary  of  G.  Britain  and  the  Secretary  of  State,  relative  to 
the  age^ression  committed  by  a  British  ship  of  war  on  the 
U.  Slates'  frigate  Chesapeake,  by  which  it  will  be  seen  that 
^he  suljject  of  difference  between  the  two  countries,  is  ter- 
minated by  an  offer  of  reparation  which  has  l)een  acceded  to. 
..,:...  .,..u.  JAMES  MADISOI^. .  ■ 

Washington,  November  ^3,  18H.  .     ^. 

)  <  .i   \u       Mr.  Foster  to  Mr,  Monroe. 
'      '^  Washington,  October  30,  1811. 

SIR~-rI  bad  already  the  honor  to  mention  to  you  that  I 
came  to  this  country  furnished  with  instructions  from  his 
royal  highness  the  prince  regent,  in  the  name  and  on  behalf 
of  his  majesty,  for  the  purpose  of  proceeding  to  a  final  ad- 
justment of  the  differences  which  have  arisen  between  G. 
Britain  and  the  U.  States  of  America  in  the  affair  of  the 
Chesapeake  Frigate;  and  I  had  also  that  of  acquainting 
you  with  the  necessity  under  which  I  found  myself  of  suspcn- 


M 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAB. 


61 


(liner  the  executing  of  those  in»traction9  in  conarqiMnce  of 
inv  not  having  perceived  that  any  Nte^Ni  whatever  were  U* 
kiM  by  the  An:criran  goveruineui  to  clear  up  the  circifin- 
gtance  of  an  event  M'hich  tlireatened  so  materially  to  inter- 
fupt  the  harmony  su^isisting  between  onr  two  countries,  as 
tlint  which  occurred  in  the  month  of  last  May,  between  the 
U.  Htnteii*  bliif)  President  and  his  irjujeHty's  ship  Little  Belt, 
when  every  evidence  before  his  majesty's  government 
seemed  to  shew  that  a  roost  evident  and  wanton  outrago 
had  been  committed  on  a  British  ship  of  war  by  an  Ameri- 
cun  Commodore.  i/fvH  t:     t 

A  Court  of  Eiiquiry,  however,  as  you  informed  me  iu 
your  letter  of  tlie  1 1th  inst.  has  since  been  heUI  by  order  of 
the  President  of  the  U.  States  on  the  conduct  of  Cnmmo* 
(lore  Rodgers,  and  this  preliminary  to  further  discussion  on 
the  subject  lieing  a!l  that  I  asked  in  ihe  first  infdance  as  due 
to  the  friendship  subsisting  between  the  two  States,  I  have 
now  the  honor  to  acquaint  you  that  I  am  ready  to  proceed 
in  the  truest  sp.rit  of  conciliation  to  lay  before  you  the  terms 
of  reparation  which  his  royal  highess  has  cummanddd  ma 
to  propose  to  the  U.  States*  government,  and  only  wait  to 
know  when  it  will  suit  your  convenience  to  enter  upon  the 
discussion.     1  have  the  honor  to  be,  H{.c. 

V    t       AUG.  J.  FOSTER.  - 


.«« 


-4    , 


(.»  '>::•/.' 


•If  I 

Jiff.  Monroe  to  Mr.  Foster.  t 

Department  of  State,  Oct.  31,  i 811. 

SIR  —I  have  just  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letterof 
the '30th  of  this  month. 

I  am  glad  to  find  that  the  communication  which  I  had 
the  honor  to  make  to  you  on  the  11th  insl.  relative  to  the 
Court  of  Knputry,  which  was  the  subject  of  it,  is  viexred  by 
you  in  the  favorable  light  which  you  have  stated. 

Although  I  regret  that  the  pro()Osition  which  you  now 
make  in  consequence  of  that  oommunication,  has  been  de- 
lated to  the  present  moment,  I  am  ready  to  receive  the 
terms  of  it  whenever  you  may  think  proper  tocommnuicate 
them.  Permit  me  to  add,  that  the  pleasure  of  finding  them 
satisfactory,  w  .li  be  duly  augmented,  if  they  should  be  intro> 
ductory  to  the  removal  of  ALL  the  differences  depending 
between  our  two  countries,  the  hope  of  which  is  so  <ittle  en- 
C9uraged   by  your  pa^t  correspondence.     A  prospect    of 


.. 


'■  f\ 


62 


HIHTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


!•!! 


i'!' 


I;  ; 


'■■   III 


IH 


|1: 


li 


guc«  a  retiilt,  will  be  embraced,  on  my  pnrt,  with  a  spirit  of 
90iiciliAtion,  equal  to  tlmt  wliicli  has  been  expreiMed  by  you. 
1  have  the  honor  to  be,  btc. 

;.M. '«J  /4i'«j»iiu«  •    ;-»ti.J<   ii    JAMES  MONROE. 


y»        >U<*r       * 


^-  ft 


(.K? 


Mr.  Foster  to  Mr.  Monroe. 
."  Washington,  Nov.  Ut,  1811. 

SIR— In  pursuance  of  the  orders  which  f  have  received 
from  liis  royal  highness,  the  pri^^ce  regent,  in  the  name  and 
on  the  behalf  of  his  majesty,  for  the  purpose  of  proceeding 
to  a  tinal  adjustment  of  the  differences  which  have  arisen 
between  G.  Britain  and  the  U.  States,  in  the  affair  of  the 
Chesapeake  frigate,  I  have  the  honor  to  acquaint  you— > 
First,  that  I  am  instructed  to  repeat  to  the  American  gov- 
ernment the  prompt  disavowal  made  by  his  majesty,  (and 
recited  in  Mr.  Erskine^s  note  of  Aprd  17,  1809,  to  Mr. 
Smith,)  on  being  apprised  of  the  unauthorized  act  of  the 
officer  in  command  of  his  naval  forces  on  the  coast  of  Ame* 
rica,  whose  recall  from  an  highly  important  and  honorable 
command,  immediately  ensued,  as  a  mark  of  his  majesty's 
disapprobation. 

Secondly,  that  1  am  authorised  to  offer,  in  addition  to 
that  disavowal,  on  the  part  of  his  royal  highness,  the  imme- 
diate restoration,  as  far  as  circumstances  will  admit,  of  the 
men  who  in  consequence  of  admiral  Berkley's  orders,  were 
forcibly  taken  out  of  the  Chesapeake,  to  the  vessel  from 
which  they  were  taken  ;  or  if  that  ship  should  be  no  longer 
in  commission,  to  such  sea-port  of  the  U.  States  as  the 
American  government  may  name  for  the  puspose.    ..ii  '    . 

Thirdly,  that  1  am  also  authorised  to  oner  to  the  Ameri- 
can government  a  suitable  pecuniary  pro\  ision  for  the  suf- 
ferers in  consequence  ofthe  attack  on  the  Ghesapeuke,  in^ 
eluding  the  families  of  those  seamen  who  unfortunately  fell 
in  action,  and  ofthe  wounded  survivors. 

These  honorable  propositions,  I  can  assure  you,  sir,  are 
made  with  the  sincere  desire  that  they  may  prove  satisfac- 
tory to  the  government  of  the  U.  States,  and  I  trust  they 
will  meet  with  that  amicable  reception  which  their  concilia- 
tory nature  entitles  them  to.  1  need  scarcely  add  how  cor- 
dially I  join  with  you  in  the  wish  that  they  might  prove  in- 
troductory to  a  removal  of  all  the  differences  depending  beo 
tweeu  our  two  countries.    I  have  the  honor  to  be,  <Scc. 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER. 


■  •V 


HISTORY  or  THB  WAS. 


on 


>   »  "       Mr.  Monroe  to  Mr.  Foster. 

Washington  Nov.  12,1811. 

SIR — I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  your  letter  of  the 
Ui  Ni^vember,  and  to  lay  it  before  the  President 

It  is  nitich  to  \je  regretted  that  the  reparation  due  for  such 
an  atfgresHion  as  that  committed  on  the  U.  States  Frigate, 
the  Chesapeake,  should  have  been  so  long  delayed  ;  nor 
rouid  tiie  translation  of  the  offending  officer  from  one  com- 
mand to  another,  be  regarded  aa  constituting  a  part  of  a  re- 
paration otherwise  satisfactory  ;  considering,  however,  the 
existing  circumstances  of  the  case,  and  the  early  and  ami- 
cable attention  paid  to  it  by  his  royal  highness  the  prince 
regent,  tlie  President  accedes  to  the  proposition  contained 
in  your  letter,  and  in  so  doing,  your  government  will,  1  am 
persuaded,  see  a  proof  of  the  conciliatory  disposition  by 
which  thf President  has  been  actuated.  i  .  ••••r\.i< 

The  officer  commanding  the  Chesapeake,  now  lying  in 
the  harbor  of  Boston,  will  be  instructed  to  receive  the  men 
Nvlioare  to  be  restored  to  that  ship.    . .  ,      .    ^    ,   .      •<'; 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  (Sec. 

JAMES  MONROE. 

*  r. ',"..'  •     MESSAGE, 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  U.  States. 

I  communicate  to  Congress  a  letter  from  the  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  G.  Britain,  to 
the  Secretary  of  State,  with  the  answer  of  the  latter. 

The  continued  evidence,  afforded  in  this  correspondence;, 
of  the  hostile  policy  of  the  British  government  against  our 
national  rights,  strengthens  the  considerations  recommend- 
ing and  urgiug  the  preparation  of  adequate  means  for  main- 
taining tlieiu. 


Washington,  Jan.  16,  1812. 


JAMES  MADISON. 


Mr.  Foster  to  Mr.  Monroe.  ; 

Washington,  Dec.  17,  1811. 
SIR — I  did  not  mean  to  have  written  to  you  at  this  mo- 
ment on  the  subject  of  our  late  correspondence,  but  that  I 
have  had  the  morliticutton  to  perceive  statements,  circulated 
from  highly  respectable  sources,  which  give  a  view  of  the 
pretensions  of  G.  Britain  relative  to  the  C  Slates  not  war- 


III 


h 


]'*  f 


i"/ 


llJbTORT  OF  Ttf R  WAft. 


;■  I: 


:'i 


m 


Ml 


rantc«l  b)  ;iiiy  of  Ihe  loller«  which  I  had  the  lienor  to  ad 
dreflt«to  3fOu,  and  which,  nt  a  time  when  dijiciissions  aiv 
roiitiiiuiiig^NO  itii|ioi1antto  tho  two  countries,  mij^ht,  if  Iffi 
unrtctified,  produce  an  cftect  hig^hly  lo  be  hiinented  by 
.bolh  the  Ainencan  and  Britinh  y^OTernnientii,  u\  un  much  as 
by  creating  unneoesHary  irritutionv  they  nnght  throw  obsla- 
cles  in  the  way  of  a  restorulion  of  a  friendly  understiniding 
between  llieiii* 

I  find  it  asserted,  in  the  statement  referred  to,  that  I 
itave,  in  Ihe  name  of  my  y^oTernmeitt,  demanded  that  the 
U.  StateH*  government  should  pass  a  law  for  the  introduc- 
tion of  British  y^ood.i  into  the  American  porlSi  and  aUo  that 
the  U.  iiHateA  sliould  undertake  lo  force  France  to  receive 
into  her  harbors  British  mannfactnrcN. 

I  beg^  permission,  sir,  lo  dechire  that  neither  of  these  de- 
innnds  have  been  made  by  tue,  and  that  my  meaning  must 
not  have  been  understoodi  if  such  was  conceived  to  have 
been  its  import.  I  could  not  have  demanded  the  passage 
of  such  a  law  as  above  stated,  becau^fe my  government 
does  not  pretend  to  interfere  with  the  internal  governnu3nt 
of  a  friendly  power,  nor  did  I  mean  to  deinaiidthatAmeri< 
ra  should  force  Prance  to  receive  our  manufactures. 

All  I  meant  to  say,  was,  thai  the  admission  of  French 
commerce,  while  that  of  England  has  been  excluded  from 
the  U.  Slates'  ports,  was  regarded  by  G.  Britain  as  highly 
unfriendly  in  America,  and  that  a  cunliiuiation  of  such 
policy  would  be  retaliated  upon  by  G.  Britain  with  similar 
restrictions  on  her  part,  which  was  so  fur  merely  an  offering 
of  like  for  like.  But  while  the  American  non-importation 
act  excludes  ikitish  trade  from  the  IJ.  States'  ports,  it  must 
be  recollected  that  it  goes  still  further  and  excludes  also 
British  armed  ships  from  American  ports,  while  it  admits 
those  of  the  enemies  of  G.  Britain.  '  A  neutral  nation  is 
responsible  for  the  equality  of  its  rules  of  conduct  towards 
the  belligerent  powers  ;'  (to  use  the  words  of  an  American 
Secretary  of  Stale  in  the  year  17t)6,)  and  Ihereiorelhat  part 
ofllie  law  which  establishes  an  inequality  was  justly  aii  olj- 
ject  of  more  serious  complaint  on  the  part  of  G.  Britain. 
You  are  aware,  sir,  of  the  advantage  whieh  his  majesty's 
enemies  have  derived  !^'i'om  this  stale  of  inequality*  which  en- 
ables them,  though  possessing  no  port  in  this  hemisphere, 
continually  to  prey  on  the  trade  of  his  majesty's  subjects, 
;eenre  of  a  refuge  foi*  their  rrni/ois  and  their  prizes. 


HISTORY  OF  THC  WAE* 


e^ 


The  proliibition  of  entry  to  his  majeAty'M  sliips  under 
(Iic!«<' f^irciiinAtniices  mig^lit  |)frhu|>njiMtit'y  G.  Bntain  in  ua- 
5Prtin^,  that  whatever  rPMon  Nlii'mny  have  tor  re(>CHiin|<r  or 
modify  in^  her  Orders  in  Council,  no  ntito  leNHen,  or  entirely 
remove  tiie  pressure  now  anavoidably  laul  on  the  trade  of 
Anicricn,  as  u  neutral  nation,  she  nii(^ht  yet  ri'fuMe  to  enter 
iiilu  any  dis(Missiuii  on  thiit  subject  with  the  IJ.  StatfN,  un-« 
til  either  by  the  revocation  of  the  prohibition  above  stated, 
or  the  placing  all  the  belligerents  under  the  same  prohibi- 
tion, America  should  cease  to  violate  the  duties  of  a  neutral 
nation. 

With  respect,  however,  to  the  supposed  demand  that 
Aiiurica  should  force  the  entry  of  British  manufactures 
into  France,  it  is  must  particularly  necessary  that  1  should 
explain  myself,  as  a  total  misconcep  ion  appears  to  have 
luken  place  upon  this  point.  The  question  of  retaliation 
on  the  FVench  Decrees,  is  directly  one  between  £ngland 
and  Fmnce.  In  consequence  of  the  e.  traord'nary  block- 
ade of  England,  we  have  in  our  detence  been  oblige  '  to 
blockade  France,  and  prohibit  all  trade  in  French  lubdea, 
ill  return  for  the  prohibition  by  France  of  all  train  in  English 
arlicies.  This  measure  of  retaliation,  it  is  visliad,  should 
operate  on  Franco  alone,  but  (rotn  the  trnUe  carried  on 
with  France  by  America,  it  unavoidably  operates  also  on 
her;  it  is  a  measure  to  destroy  the  French  trade  in  return 
for  the  similar  measure  of  France  on  which  it  is  retaliatory, 
niid  its  acting  on  neutrals  is  an  incidental  effect  of  it,  conse- 
quent upon  the  submission  of  neutrals  to  the  original  meas- 
ures of  the  enemy  against  G.  Britain.  It  is  indeed  melan- 
choly that  the  unnatural  situation  of  Europe  should  produce 
such  a  result,  but  I  cannot  see  how  this  can  be  considered 
as  war  on  American  commerce,  Vvhfn  all  other  American 
trade  but  that  which  iscarrietl  on  vvUh  our  enemy's  [torts 
in  defiance  of  a  blockade  authorized  by  the  laws  of  retalia- 
tion is  unaffected  by  it.  We  complain  that  America  does 
not  resist  the  regulations  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees, 
and  object  to  permitting  the  French  to  trade  with  her  dur- 
ing their  continuance  against  the  commerce  of  England  ; 
but  this  is  not  exacting,  as  has  been  represented,  that  Anie- 
!  ica  should  force  British  manufactures  into  France ;  it  is 
pursuing  only  a  just  course  of  retaliation  on  our  enemy. 
If  America  wishes  to  trade  with  France,  if  French  cora- 

9 


<li 


il 


^    h\ 


li 


I 


UrSTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


U' 


mil 


inerce  is  of  importance  In  tier — we  expect  she  should  exact 
of  Fnince  \o  trade  with  lier  aswhe  has  a  right  to  tl«einand  in 
her  quality  of  neutral ;  but  if  she  lioes  not  choose  to  exer- 
cise this  right,  all  we  ask  is,  that  she  Kliould  abstain  from 
lending  her  assistance  to  the  trade  of  Fiance,  and  not  allow 
her  commerce  to  be  a  uiedium  of  vuiderroiaiiig  the  resouF- 
cesofG.  Britain. 

1  have  thought  it  necessary  thus  to  endeavor  to  set  the.se 
two  points  in  their  true  light :  the  repeal  of  the  law  was  ask- 
ed, as  being  an  unfriendly  measure,  partial  in  its  operation 
agamsl  G.  Britain,  and  a  prospect  of  retaliation  was  held 
out  on  its  commercial  o^^eration,  if  continued.  This  is  no 
demand  on  the  U.  States  to  admit  British  manufactures; 
they  are  at  liberty  to  continue  that  law,  only  as  it  is  of  an 
unfriendly  nature,  some  restriction  of  a  similar  kind  was  to 
be  expected  from  England ;  and  with  reject  to  the  alledg- 
ed  demand  for  fiircing  British  goods,  the  property  of  neu- 
trals, into  French  ports,  if  the  U.  States  are  willing  to  ac- 
quiesce in  the  regulations  of  the  French  Decrees  unlawfully 
affecting  England  through  them,  they  cannot  surely  be  sur- 
prised if  we  consider  ourselves  as  at  liberty  to  refuse  per- 
mission to  the  French  to  profit  by  that  acquiescence. 

I  will  now,  sir,  take  the  opportunity  of  stating  to  you, 
that  I  hswe  received  from  his  majesty's  Secretary  of  State, 
Ibe  correspondence  of  which  you  did  me  the  honor  to  trans- 
mit to  me  a  copy,  in  your  letter  dated  Oct  17.  My  govern- 
ment have  not  been  able  to  see  in  it  satisfactory  proof  of  the 
repeal  of  the  French  Decrees,  and  doubt  whether  the  trade 
carried  on  by  licences  between  France  and  America,  will 
not  be  regarded,  even  here,  as  proof  of  the  coQtinuation  of 
them  in  their  fullest  extent,  for  if  they  were  to  any  extent 
repealed,  to  that  extent  at  least  no  licence  should  be  neces- 
sary, a  licence  being  given  to  allow  what,  but  for  that  li- 
cence, would  be  prohibited. 

The  continued  abirence  hitherto  of  any  instrument  by 
which  the  repeal  has  been  effected,  is  a  matter  also  of  sur- 
prise, for  if  there  were  any  fair  dealing  in  the  transaction, 
Qo  reason  can  be  given  by  France  for  not  producing  it ;  it 
is  very  desirable  that  it  should  be  produced,  if  such  an  in- 
strument be  in  existence,  in  order  that  we  may  know  to 
what  extent  the  Decrees  have  been  repealed,  if  they  reallr 
have  been  so  in  any  respect.    Mr.  Russell  bowever»  doef 


»ot  app 
MIrr  of 
esting,  t 
cation  o 
ernment 
French 
taken  at' 
with  th< 
heen  tak 
from  thJ! 
strumenl 
other  tra 
dominio 
Ih: 


SIR- 

cember  ] 
commani 

It  woi 
to  have  f 
si  lion  in 
ences  sul 
obliged  t 
terminati 
putable. 

You  c 
been  mis 
you  hav€ 
States,  a 
ports,  an< 
to  receiv 

You 
only  to  r 
tial  in  its 
account 
pei'seven 
on  the  CO 
her  part, 
to  urge, 


HlfrroKY  OF  THE  WAK. 


67 


tot  appear  to  have  l-f^rn  in  possession  of  it  al  the  date  of  his 
]t[\pv  of  last  July.  It  is  indeed  become  particularly  inter- 
esting, that  we  sliould  see  this  instrument  since  the  publi- 
cation of  Mr.  Ruvseirs  correspondence  with  his  own  ^v- 
ernment,  by  which  it  appears  lliat  realty,  and  in  fact,  tlte 
French  g'overnment  did  not  release  any  American  ships 
tttkon  alter  November  1,  until  they  had  become  acquainted 
with  the  president's  ])roclan)ation,  and  that  vt^sfteis  have 
been  taken  so  late  as  December  21,  in  tlie  dii'ect  voyage 
irom  this  country  to  London  ;  for  until  a  copy  of  such  an  m- 
strumentis  produced,  it  is  impossible  to  know  whether  a;iy 
other  trade  is  allowed  by  France  than  that  between  her  own 
dominions  and  the  ports  v^f  the  U.  States. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sec. 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER.  '■ 


Mr.  Monrcie  to  31  r.  Foster,       •  .  .     , 
Department  op  State,  Jan.  14  1812. 

SIR — I  have  had  the  honor  to  receifve  your  letter  of  De- 
cember 17th,  and  embrace  the  Hrst  moment  that  I  could 
command,  to  make  the  observations  which  it  sug'g-ests. 

It  would  have  aftbrded  g'reat  satisfaction  to  the  President, 
to  have  found  in  the  communication,  some  proof  of  a  dispo- 
sition in  the  British  government  to  put  an  end  to  the  difl'er- 
ences  subsisting  between  our  countries. — I  am  sorry  to  be 
obliged  to  state,  that  it  presents  a  new  proof  only  of  its  de- 
termination to  adhere  to  the  policy,  bo  which  they  are  im- 
putable. 

You  complain  tiiat  tl>e  import  of  your  former  letters  has 
been  misunderstood  in  two  im|>ortant  circumstances  ;  that 
you  have  been  represented  to  have  demanded  of  tlie  U. 
Slates,  a  law  for  the  introduction  of  Briltsh  jjfoods  into  their 
ports,  and  that  they  should  also  undertake  to  force  France 
to  receive  British  manufactures  into  her  harbors. 

You  stale  that  on  the  first  point,  it  was  your  intention 
only  to  remonstrate  against  the  non-importation  act,  as  par- 
tial in  its  operation,  and  unfriendly  to  G.  Britain,  on  which 
account  its  repeal  was  claimed,  and  to  intimate  tl>at  if  it  was 
persevered  in,  G.  Britain  would  be  compelled  to  retaliate 
oil  the  commerce  of  the  U.  States,  by  similar  restrictions  on 
her  part.  And  on  the  second  point,  that  you  intended  only 
to  urge>  that  iru»con sequence  ot  the  extraordinary  blockade 


m 


i , 


^•*  f 


1 

I 


d8 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


1 1 

rti 


M   I 


;  ilhi 


1 1    -1 

Is;,;., 

of  England,  your  p^overnment  had  been  obliged  to  blockade 
Fiv<nce,  and  to  pruhibil  all  trade  in  French  articles,  in  re« 
turn  for  the  prohibition  by  France  of  all  trade  in  English 
articlcH.  * 

It  is  sufficient  to  remark  on  the  first  point,  that  on  what- 
ever ground  the  repeal  of  the  non-importation  act  is  rc- 
auired,  the  United  States  are  justified  in  adhering  to  it,  by 
the  refusal  of  the  Brit.sh  government  to  repeal  its  Orders  in 
Council ;  and  if  a  distinction  is  thus  produced  between  G. 
Britain  and  the  other  belligerent,  it  must  t)e  reterred  to  the 
difference  in  the  conduct  of  the  two  parties. 

On  the  second  point,  I  have  to  observe,  that  the  explana- 
tion given  cannot  be  satisfactory,  because  it  does  not  meet 
the  case  now  existing.  France  did,  it  is  true,  declare  a 
blockade  of  England,  against  the  trade  of  the  U.  Stales, 
and  prohibit  all  trade  in  English  articles  on  the  high  seas, 
but  this  blockade  and  proliibition  no  longer  exist. — It  is 
true  also,  that  a  part  of  those  Decrees,  did  prohibit  a  trade 
in  English  articles,  within  her  territorial  jurisdiction  ;  but 
this  prohibition  violates  no  national  rights,  or  neutral  com** 
merce  of  the  U.  Stales.  Still  your  blockade  and  prohibi- 
tion are  continued,  in  violation  of  the  national  and  neutral 
rights  of  the  U.  States,  on  a  pretext  of  retaliation,  which,  if 
even  applicable,  could  only  be  applied  to  the  former,  and 
not  to  the  latter  interdicts  :  and  it  is  required  that  France 
shall  change  her  internal  regulations  against  Knglisii  trade, 
before  England  wdl  change  her  external  regulations  against 
the  trade  of  the  U.  States. 

But  you  still  insist  that  the  French  Decrees  are  unrevok- 
ed, and  urge  in  proof  of  it,  a  fact  drawn  from  Mr.  Rus- 
sell's correspondence,  that  some  American  vessels  have 
been  taken  since  the  1st  of  November,  in  their  route  to  Eng- 
land. It  is  a  satisfactory  answer  to  this  remark,  that  it  ap- 
pe-^rs  by  the  same  correspondence,  that  every  American 
"vessel  which  had  been  taken  in  that  trade,  the  seizure  of 
-which  rested  on  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees  only,  were, 
as  soon  as  that  fact  was  ascertained,  delivered  up  to  their 
owners.  Might  there  not  be  other  ground  also,  on  which 
seizures  might  be  made  ?  G.  Britain  claims  a  right  to  seize 
for  other  causes,  and  ail  nations  admit  it  in  the  cas^of  con- 
traband of  war.  If  by  the  law  of  nations,  one  belligerent 
has  a  right  to  seize  neutral  property  in  any  case^.  the  olhcr 


belligerer 

the  pnicli 

which  is  ^ 

faith  due 

rssential 

IT.  States 

kttcr  to 

made  a  f 

from  his 

possessed 

suppress  i 

was  entir 

plain  of  a 

inslrmner 

Orders  in 

You  r< 

ernmeut  I 

gaged  in 

additiona 

their  fuUe 

drawn  frc 

It  was  nc 

l^rohibit 

They  wei 

G.  Britai 

hibit  the 

tbeU.  S 

to  prohibi 

Britain 

complain 

sped  hav( 

biting  oui 

would  no 

licencing 

Iniiig,  itp 

in  other 

to  extract 

Decrees  a 

the  U.   {: 

French  p 

U.  States 

least  as  a 


i 


HISTORY    or   THE  WAE. 


69 


belligerent  has  the  %nuv  njriil.  N'»r  oujjht  [  to  overlook  that 
the  practice  of  couulerftJlin!^  AiiuTican  (lapers  in  En^^iaiul, 
which  is  well  known  tu  lh<  coiilnient,  has  by  imiminni^  the 
faith  clue  to  American  dorinnents,  tioni'  to  the  U.  Stales 
rssential  ijijnry.  Afj:ainsl  this  practice  the  minister  of  the 
IT.  Slates  at  London,  sis  wih  appear  by  reference  to  h>8 
letter  to  the  Marquis  VVellesley  of  the  3d  of  May,  J 8 10, 
made  a  formal  representation,  in  purNuance  of  instruciions 
from  his  gcvernmenl,  with  an  ofl'er  of  ev^ry  information 
possessed  by  him,  wiiich  might  contribute  to  detect  and 
suppress  it.  It  is  painful  to  add  that  this  cominunicalion 
was  entirely  disregarded.  That  G.  Britain  should  com- 
plain of  acts  in  France,  to  which  by  her  negflect,  she  was 
instrumental,  and  draw  from  them  proof  in  support  of  her 
Orders  in  Council,  ought  certainly  not  to  have  been  expected. 
You  remark  also,  that  the  practice  of  the  French  gov* 
ernraent  to  grant  licences  to  certain  American  vessels,  en- 
gaged in  the  trade  between  the  U.  States  and  France,  is  an 
additional  proof  that  the  French  Decrees  still  operate  in 
their  fuUe^^  extent.  On  what  principle  this  inference  is 
drawn  from  that  fad  it  is  impossible  for  me  to  conceive. 
It  was  not  the  object  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees  to 
prohibit  the  trade  Li^tween  the  U.  States  and  France. 
They  were  meant  to  prohibit  the  trade  of  the  U.  States  with 
G.  Britain,  which  violated  our  neutral  rights,  and  to  pro<' 
hibit  the  trade  of  G.  Britain  with  the  continent,  with  which 
the  U.  States  have  nothing  to  do.  If  the  object  had  been 
to  prohibit  the  trade  between  the  U.  States  and  Fra  ce,  G. 
Britain  could  never  have  found  in  them  any  pretext  for 
complaint.  And  if  the  idea  of  retaliation,  could  in  any  re*> 
sped  have  been  applicable,  it  W(»uld  have  been  by  prohi. 
biting  our  trade  with  herself.  To  prohibit  it  with  France, 
would  not  have  been  a  retaliation,  but  a  co-operation.  If 
licencing  by  France  the  trade  in  certain  instances,  prove  any 
thing,  it  proves  nothing  more  than  that  the  trade  with  France 
in  other  instances,  is  under  restraint.  It  seems  impossible 
to  extract  from  it  in  any  respect,  that  the  Berlin  and  Milan 
Decrees  are  in  force,  so  far  as  they  prohibit  the  trade  between 
the  U.  States  and  England.  I  might  here  repeat  the 
French  practice  of  granting  licences  to  trade  between  the 
U.  States  and  France,  may  have  been  intended  in  part,  at 
least  as  a  security  agamst  the  simulated  papers  j  the  ibrgmg 


w 

'  1 

r 

1 

il' 

^ 


tli 


M 


■i '  1 


1  M 


lii 


iir 


I 


t: 


9© 


liiSTORY  OF  TUK  WAR. 


I    I 


:l  . 


i    I 


;MI. 


jlii  ! 


4 


of  which  was  not  suppicsscd  in  Eni^lnnd.  Il  is  not  to  be 
infered  from  Uu^se  remarks,  timt  a  trade  by  licence,  is  one 
with  which  the  L'nited  Stales  sire  s  aiKfied.  They  huvethe 
strongest  objections  lo  it,  but  these  are  founded  on  other 
princi|)lt'S,  than  those  s!i«fgested  in  your  nole. 

It  is  a  cause  of  great  surprise  to  the  Pres  lent,  thai  your 
government  has  not  seen  in  thecorresj)ondei5ce  of  Mr.  Rus- 
sell, whi'h  I  had  the  honor  to  communicate  lo  you  on  the 
17lhof  October  last,  and  whicii  has  been  lately  transmitted 
to  you  3}  ^  our  government,  sufficient  |>roof  of  the  repeal  of 
the  Bv  (ill  and  Milan  decrees,  independent  of  the  conclu- 
sive evidence  of  liie  fact,  which  that  correspondence  aiFor> 
^fi\ ;  it  was  not  lo  be  presumed  from  the  intimation  of  the 
Marquis  of  Wellesley,  that  it  was  to  be  transmitted  to  you, 
to.be  taken  into  consideration  in  the  de|)ending  discussions, 
that  it  was  of  a  natui*e  to  have  no  weight  in  these  discussions. 

The  demand  which  you  now  make  of  a  view  of  the 
order  given  by  the  French  government  to  its  cruizers,  in 
consequence  of  the  repeal  of  the  French  Decrees,  is  a  new 
m'oof  of  its  indisposition  to  repeal  the  Orders  in  Council. 
The  declaration  of  the  French  government  was,  as  hag 
l)een  heretofore  observed,  a  solemn  and  obligatory  act,  and 
as  such  entitled  to  the  notice  and  respect  of  other  govern- 
ments. It  was  incumbent  on  G.  Britain,  therefore,  in  fulfil- 
ment of  her  engagement,  to  have  provided  that  her  Orders 
in  Council  sliould  not  h^^ve  e^ect,  after  the-  time  fixed  for 
the  cessation  of  tlie  French  Decrees.  A  pretension  in  G. 
Britain  to  keep  her  Orders  in  force  till  she  received  satis- 
fiiction  of  the  ]>raciical  compliance  of  France,  is  utterly  in- 
compatible with  her  pledge.  A  doubt,  founded  on  any 
single  act  however  unauthorised,  committed  by  a  French 
privateer,  might  on  that  principle,  become  a  motive  for 
delay  and  refusal.  A  suspicion  that  such  acts  would  be 
committed  might  have  the  same  effect;  and  in  like 
manner  her  compliance  might  be  withheld  as  long  as  the 
war  continued.  But  let  me  here  remark,  that  if  there  was 
room  for  a  (Question,  whather  the  French  repeal  did  or  did 
not  takectl^ect.at  the  date  announced  by  France,  and  requir- 
ed by  the  U.  Stales,  it  cannot  be  alledged  that  the  Decrees 
have  not  ceased  lo  operate  since  the  2d  of  Febuary  last,  as 
heretofore  observed.  And  as  the  actual  cessation  of  the 
Decrees  to  violate  our  neutral  rights,  \vas  the  only  essential 


IMSTOKY  OF  THE  WAR. 


71 


fack  in  lite  oase,  and  has  lontr  been  knuwn  to  yonr  govern* 
inent,  the  Orders  in  Council,  t'roiii  the  dute  ot*  that  know- 
ledge, ought  to  have  ceaHed,  according  to  its  own  principles 
and  pledges. 

But  the  question  whether  and  when  the  repeal  of  the 
Berlni  and  Milan  Decrees  took  elfect  in  relation  to  the  neu- 
tral comnierce  of  the  U.  Slates,  is  superceded  fiy  the  novel 
and  extraordinary  claim  of  G.  Britain  to  a  trade  in  British 
articles,  with  her  enemy  ;  for  supposing  i\,e  repeal  ih  have 
taken  place,  in  the  fullest  extent  claimed  by  the  U.  States, 
it  couid,  according  to  that  claim,  have  no  etfect  in  remov- 
ing the  Orders  in  Council. 

On  a  full  view  of  the  coiuluct  of  the  British  government 
in  these  transactions,  it  is  impossible  to  see  in  it  any  thing 
sitnrt  of  a  spirit  of  determined  hostility  to  the  rights  and 
interests  of  the  U.  States. — It  issued  the  Orders  in  Council, 
on  a  principle  of  retaliation  on  France,  at  a  time  when  it 
admitted  the  French  Decrees  to  be  ineffectual ;  it  has  sus- 
tained those  Orders  in  full  force  since,  notwithstanding  the 
pretext  for  them  has  been  removed,  and  latterly  it  has  ad- 
ded a  new  condition  of  their  repeal,  to  be  |^  >jrforrned  by 
France,  to  which  the  U.  States  in  their  neutral  character* 
have  no  claim,  and  could  not  demand,  without  departing 
from  their  neutrality,  a  condition  which,  in  respect  to  the 
commerce  of  other  nations  with  G.  Britain,  is  r/epugnant  to 
her  own  policy,  and  prohibited  by  her  own  laws,  and  whxh 
can  never  be  enforced  on  any  nation  without  a  subversion  of 
its  sovreignly  and  independence.  , 

I  have  ihii  honor  to  be,  &c. 

JAMES  MONHOE 


W\ 

M 

f 

■1 

,lH 

1 

-  i  i 

J 

^; 


{        UiH! 


1!^ 


CHAPTER  III. 

PRESIDENT  S  MANIFESTO. 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  liepresentativesof  tlie  U.  States, 
I  communicate  to  Congress  certain  documents,  Ijeing  a 
continution  of  those  heretofore  laid  before  them,  on  the  sub- 
ject, of  our  atlairs  with  G.  Britain. 

Without  going  back  beyond  the  renewal  in  1803,  of  the 
war  in  which  G.  Britain  is  engaged,  and  omitting  unrepaired 


{    . 

1   * 

M 

';f 

f .  ; 


It 


^^^h 


f^ti^^ 


4     < 


'I  tit. 


1  i 


;l 


it 


n 


niSTORV  OP  THE  WAR. 


wrongfs  o^  inferior  ma^i)itiulo,  ihe  conduct  of  her  govern- 
ment |>re^<  nts  a  Beries  of  acU  hostile  to  the  U.  htate.t  as  an 
iudepcndsait  and  neutral  nation.  '"•  •: 

firitish  cTuizers  have  been  in  the  contiruied  practice  of 
violating  ihe  American  flajj,  on  the  i»Teat  highway  of  na- 
tions, and  of  S'.izinuf  and  carrying  oft*  j»prsoris  sadnig  under 
!t :  n«)t  in  the  exercise  of  a  belligeivnt  right.  tonn'iH  o  .  the 
law  of  nal  ons  against  an  eneinv,  h  s^  of  u  iniinicipi;!  prero- 
gative ovf-r  British  subjects.  Bnl  sh  jU'isdi*  lion  »n  hus  ex- 
tended  to  central  vess*  Is  in  a  siltiition  ^'iits  •  no  I « ws  can 
0|>erate,  but  ihe  law  of  nations  and  Uie  laws  of  the  country 
to  which  tht  vessels  b  -lonaf ;  and  a  >eif-rediess  isassruiieo, 
ivhich,  if  British  subjects  were  uroio'ruliy  detained  and 
alone  concerned,  is  that  sufi'^ritution  ot  force  ftu  u  r  -'sort  to 
the  responsible  'overeig*  t,  which  biiis  withi.i  >he  detinition 
of  war.  Could  the  seizure  ot  British  stibjt  's  ui  such  cases 
be  regarded,  as  within  th  ■  exercise  uT  a  bs  lliirtrent  rii^hl, 
the  'icknovi Hedged  laws  of  war,  winch  lorbid  an  article  of 
CiijJhired  property  to  be  adjuda^td,  withoui  a  regular  itives- 
tlijtdion  before  a  competent  -ribu'iai,  vvonid  niiperiousiy 
demand  ihe  fairest  trial  wher-*  tlit-  sacrerl  rights  of  persons 
vere  at  issue.  In  place  of  snci)  i  trial,  these  rights  are  sub- 
jected to  the  will  of  every  petty  commander. 

The  practice,  hence,  is  so  far  from  affecting  British  sub- 
jects atone,  that  under  the  pretext  ol  searching  for  these, 
thousands  of  American  citizens,  under  the  safe-guard  of 
public  law,  and  of  th'.  ir  national  fl:  g,  have  been  torn  from 
their  country,  and  from  every  thing  dear  to  them ;  have 
been  dragged  on  board  ships  of  war  of  a  foreign  nation,  and 
exposed  under  the  severities  of  their  discipline,  to  be  exiled 
to  the  most  (iistaut  and  deadly  climes,  to  risk  their  lives  m 
the  battles  of  their  oppressors,  and  to  be  llie  melancholy  in- 
struments of  takino  awa\  those  of  their  own  l)reliireii. 

Against  this  cry  nig  enormity,  which  G.  Britain  would  be> 
so  prompt  to  avenge  if  committed  against  herself,  the  U. 
States  have  in  voin  exhausted  remonstrances  and  expostu- 
lations. And  that  no  pn  of  might  be  wanti  'g  of  their 
conciliatory  dispositions,  and  no  pretext  left  for  the  contin- 
uance of  the  practice,  the  British  government  was  formally 
assured  of  the  readiness  of  the  United  States  to  enter  into 
arrangements,  such  as  could  not  be  rejected,  if  the  recovery 
of  British  subjects  were  the  real  and  the  sole  object. 
The  communication  passed  without  effect. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


ra 


I '  1 


British  criiizers  have  l>ecn  in  the  practico  also  of  violating 
the  rights  and  the  peace  of  our  coa>>ts.  They  hover  over 
find  hairass  our  entering^  and  departiiipj  commerce.  To 
the  most  insulting^  pretensions  thev  have  added  the  most 
lawless  proceedings  in  our  very  harbors  ;  and  have  wan- 
tonly spilt  American  hlood  within  the  sanctuary  of  our  terw. 
ritorial  jurisdiction.  The  principles  and  rules  enforced  by 
that  nation,  when  a  neutral  nation,  aj^ninst  armed  vessels  of 
belligerents,  hovering  near  her  coasts,  and  disturbing  ber 
commerce,  are  well  known.  When  callt^d  on  nevertlu'b  ss, 
by  the  U.  States,  to  punish  the  greater  otfenccs  commttlcd 
by  her  own  vessels,  her  government  has  bestowed  on  their 
commanders  additional  marks  of  honor  and  confidence. 

Under  pretended  blockades,  witliout  the  presence,  of  an 
adequate  force,  and  sometimes  without  the  practicability  of 
applying  one,  our  commerce  has  been  plundered  in  every 
sea  :  the  great  staples  of  our  country  have  been  cut  off  from 
their  legitimate  markets ;  and  a  destructive  blow  aimed  at 
our  agricultural  and  maritime  interests.  In  aggravation  of 
these  predatory  measures,  they  have  been  considered  as  in 
force  from  the  dates  of  their  notification  ;  a  retrospective 
effect  Seing  thus  added,  as  has  been  done  in  other  important 
ca<>'es,  to  the  unlawfulness  of  tht:  course  pursued.  And  to 
rjiider  the  outrage  the  more  signal,  these  mock  blockades 
have  been  reiterated  and  enforced  in  the  face  of  official 
communications  from  the  British  government,  declaring  as 
the  true  definition  of  a  legal  blockade,  *  that  particular 
ports  must  be  actually  invested,  and  t)revious  warnuig 
given  to  vessels  bound  to  them,  not  to  enter.' 

Not  content  with  these  occasional  expedients  for  laying 
waste  our  neutrul  trade,  the  cabinet  of  G.  Britain  resorted, 
at  length,  to  the  sweeping  system  of  blockades,  under  the 
name  of  the  Orders  in  Council,  which  has  been  moulded 
and  managed,  as  might  best  suit  its  political  views,  its  coai* 
mercial  jealousies,  or  the  avidity  of  British  cruizers. 

To  our  remonstrances  against  the  complicated  and  Irans- 
cendant  injustice  of  tins  innovation,  the  first  reply  was^  that 
the  Orders  were  reluctantly  adopted  by  G.  Britain  as  a  ne- 
cessary retaliation  on  Decrees  of  her  enemy,  proclaiming  a 
general  blockade  of  the  British  isles,  at  a  time  when  tire 
naval  force  of  that  enemy  dared  not  to  issue  from  his  own 
l>orts.     She  was  remmded,  without  effect,  that  her  own 

10 


"H 


1-: 


;.    ,f.,^^ 


74 


HISl'OBY  OV  THU  WAR. 


I    i 


I      ; 


•     I  ! 


prior  blockade,  unKiv{)|>orlccJ  by  an  adequate  naval  force 
actually  applied  and  continued,  were  a  bar  to  tliiti  plea  : 
that  executed  £dict«i  aga'uiHt  miliioni^of  our  property  could 
not  be  retaliation  on  Edicts  confessedly  impossible  to  be 
executed  :  that  retaliation,  to  be  just,,  should  full  on  th« 
party  setting  the  guilty  example^  not  on  an  innocent  party, 
which  was  not  even  chargeable  with  an  acquiescence  in  it. 
When  deprived  of  this  flimsey  veil  for  a  prohibition  of 
our  trade  with  her  enemy,  by  the  repeal  of  his  prohibition 
of  our  trade  with  G.  Britain,  her  cabinet,  instead  of  a  cor- 
r(wSponding  repeal,  or  a  practical  discontinuance  of  its  Or« 
ders,  formally  avowed  a  determination  to  persist  in  them 
against  the  U.  States^  until  the  markets  of  her  enemy  should 
be  laid  open  to  British  products  ;  thus  asserting  un  obliga- 
tion on  a  neutral  power  to  require  one  belligerent  to  en. 
courage,  by  its  internal  regulations,  the  trade  of  anotlier 
belligercnt ;  contradicting  her  own  practice  towards  hU 
nations  in  peace,  as  well  as  in  war  ;  and  betraying  the  in- 
sincerity of  those  professions  which  inculcated  a  belief  that, 
having  resorted  to  her  Orders  with  regret,  she  was  anxions 
to  Hnd  an  occasion  for  putting  an  end  to  them. 
.  Abandoning  still  more,  all  respect  for  the  neutral  rights- 
of  the  U.  States,  and  for  its  own  consistency,  the  British 
government  now  demands  as  pre-reqni sites  to  a  repeal  of 
its  Orders,  as  they  relate  to  the  United  Stales,  that  a  for- 
mality  should  be  observed  in  the  repeal  of  the  French  De- 
crees nowise  necessary  to  their  termination,  nor  exemplified 
by  British  usage  ;  and  that  the  French  repeal,  besides  in- 
eluding  that  portion  of  the  Decrees  which  operates  within 
a  territorial  jurisilietion,  &s  well  as  that  which  operates  ou 
tlie  high  seas  against  the  commerce  oi'  the  U.  States,^  should 
not  be  a  single  special  repeal  in  relation  to  the  U.  States, 
but  should  be  extended  to  whatever  neutral  nations  uncon- 
nected with  them,  that  may  be  affected  by  those  Decrees. 
And  as  an  additional  insult,,  they  are  called  on  for  a  formal 
disavowal  of  the  condition  and  pretensions  advanced  by  the 
French  government,  for  which  the  U.  States  are  so  far  from 
having  made  themselves  responsible,  that,  in  official  ex- 
planations, which  have  been  published  to  the  world,  and  in 
a  correspondence  of  the  American  minister  at  London; 
with  the  British  minister  for  foreign  affairs,  such  a  respom 
sibility  was  explicitly  and  emphatically  disclaimed. 


HISTORY  eF  THE  WAR. 


76 


Tt  has  become  indeed  unflVcienitly  certain  Chat  tlie  cooi- 
inercc  of  the  IT.  Slates  is  to  l>e  sacrificed,  not  as  intei'fering' 
with  the  hclh^'erent  rights  «f<j.  firilaiii,  not  as  snpplying' 
the  wants  of  her  enemies,  whicli  ((he4ier«e)f  supplies,  butus 
interfering^  with  the  nrenoj>oly  which  riheC'Overts  tor  her  own 
coninierce  and  navigation.  She  carriefi  on  a  war  ap;ainst 
<!:»  lawful  commerce  of  a  friend,  that  she  may  the  better 
cniTV  on  a  commerce  with  an  enemy,  a  comnu'i'ce,  polluted 
jiy  the  forgeries  and  perjuries  whidi  are  for  the  most  part 
tiie  only  passports  by  which  it  can  micceed. 

Anxious  to  make  every  experin)enl  short  of  tbe  last  resoii 
of  injured  nations,  the  U.  Stales  have  withheld  from  G. 
43ritain,  under  successive  modifications,  the  benefits  of  a 
free  intercourse  with  their  market,  the  loss  of  which  could 
not  but  outweigh  the  profits  accruing  from  her  restrictions 
of  our  commerce  with  other  nations.  And  to  entitle  these 
experiments  to  the  more  favorable  ^consideration,  they  were 
so  framed  as  to  enable  her  to  place  her  adversary  under 
the  exclusive  operation  of  them.  To  these  appeals,  her 
government  has  been  equally  inflexible,  as  if  wdling  to 
make  sacrifices  of -every  Nort,  rather  than  yield  to  the  clamis 
of  justice,  or  renounce  the  errors  of  a  false  pride.  Nay, 
so  far  were  the  attempts  carried,  to  over^'ome  the  attach- 
ment of  the  British  cabinet  to  its  ntvjust  £dicts,  tliat  it  re- 
ceived every  encoumgement,  within  the  competency  of  the 
Executive  branch  of  our  govt;rnraent,  to  expect  that  a  re- 
])eal  of  ti>em  would  be  followed  by  a  war  between  the  XT. 
States  and  France,  unless  th;;  French  Edicts  should  also  be 
repealed.  £veH  -this  communication,  altl>ough  silenciug 
for  ever  the  plea  of  a  disposition  in  the  U.  Htates  to  sic- 
viuiesce  in  those  Edicts,  origiuaily  the  sole  plea  for  them, 
received  no  attention.  .;••■,  .if^-*"  ..iv 

If  no  other  proof  existed  of  a  predetermination  of  the 
British  government  against  a  repeal  of  its  Orders,  it  might 
be  found  in  the  correspondence  of  the  muiister  Plenipoten- 
tiary of  the  U.  States  at  London,  and  the  British  Secretary 
for  Foreign  Affairs  in  1810,  on  4he  question  whether  the 
blockade  of  May,  1-806,  was  considered  as  in  force,  or  as 
not  in  force.  It  had  been  ascertained  that  the  French  gov- 
ernment, which  urged  this  blockade  as  the  ground  of  its 
Berlin  Decree,  was  willing,  in  the  event  of  its  removal,  to 
i:epeal  that  Decree  :  which  being  followed  by  alternate  ro- 


M 


^ 


'm 


)  !1y 


76 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAK. 


ji 


hi 


•n 


ill   i! 


.1  (•. 


i  I  I 


I!     I 


pt  r.l.s  of  the  other  ofleiisive  E<iiclfi,  mitj^iit  alioIiNli  the  nhulf 
8v ^tcni  oil  liulh  MiicH.  Thi.s  m\  iliii«r  o|)|>orl unity  for  accoin. 
plisliiiti>  iiit  uhject  so  important  to  the  V.  States,  aiul  |)ru- 
iVKHed  MO  ofken  to  bethf  tlejiire  of  both  llie  hellinrerciits,  wus 
iiiit<l4>  known  to  the  British  government.  As  that  govern. 
ment  aiiniitH  that  an  actual  application  o(  an  aiiei|nute  force 
is  nect'Sbary  to  the  existence  of  a  hgal  blockade  ;  unil  ii 
'WUN  notorious,  lliat  if  such  a  force  had  ever  been  applied, 
its  lon(r  discontinuance  had  annulled  the  blocki.  le  in  (piti. 
tion,  there  could  be  no  sufficient  objection  on  the  part  of  G, 
Britain  to  a  formal  revocation  of  it ;  and  no  imaginable  oh. 
jiction  to  a  declaration  of  the  fact  that  the  blockade  did  not 
exist.  The  declaration  would  have  been  consistent  with 
her  avowed  principles  of  blockade,  and  would  have  enabled 
tlieU.  States  to  demand  from  France  the  pledi^ed  repeal  of 
her  Decrees  ;  either  with  success,  in  which  case  the  way 
would  have  been  opened  for  a  general  repeal  of  the  bel- 
ligerent E<l:cts  ;  or  without  success,  in  which  case  the  U. 
States  would  have  been  justified  in  turning  their  measures 
exclusively  against  France.  The  British  government  would, 
however,  neither  rescind  the  blockade,  nor  declare  its  non- 
existence ;  nor  permit  its  non-existence  to  be  interred  and 
affirmed  by  the  American  Plenipotentiary.  On  the  con- 
trary, by  representing  the  blockade  to  be  comprehended  in 
the  Orders  in  Council,  the  U.  Slates  were  compelled  so  to 
regard  it  in  their  subsequent  proceedings. 

Tht'ie  was  a  period  when  a  favorable  change  in  the 
policy  of  the  British  cabinet  was  justly  considered  as  esla- 
blished.  The  minister  Plenipotentiary  of  his  Britannic  ma- 
jesty here  proposed  an  adjustment  of  the  difterences  more 
immediately  eiulangering  the  harmony  of  the  two  countries. 
The  proposition  was  accepted  with  a  promptitude  and  cor- 
diality, corre^iponding  with  the  invariable  professions  of  this 
government.  A  foundation  appeared  to  be  laid  for  a  sin- 
cere and  lasting  reconciliation. — The  prospe<-t,  however, 
quickly  vanished.  The  whole  proceeding  was  disavowed 
by  the  British  government,  without  any  explanation  which 
could  at  that  time  repress  the  belief,  that  the  disavowal  pro- 
ceeded from  a  spirit  of  hostility  to  the  commercial  rights 
and  prosperity  of  the  U.  States.  And  it  has  since  come 
into  proof,  that  at  the  very  moment  when  the  public  minister 
was  holding  the  language  of  friendship,  and  inspiring 


\ 


\ 


HISTORY  OF  TIIC  WAR. 


77 


.'onHilcncc  in  l)u>  Ninrcrity  of  llic  iiesroriation  with  which  he 
WAS  churgeii.  n  secret  <r|^t  uf  hi»  {government  wax  ein- 
nloyeil  in  intrigues  hav  m^  for  titeir  object  u  HubvetMion  of 
utir  gitvcriimr  \i,  and  a  (iisineiniH.'rmenl  uf  our  happy  Union. 

Ill  reviewin^r  the  contiuct  of  G.  Uritani  towunU  the  U. 
Stules,  our  altention  is  necfsHiirily  drawn  to  the  warfare  JMSt 
renewed  by  the  Kuvai>e.>4  on  one  of  our  extensive  frontiers  ; 
a  warfare,  which  is  known  to  spare  neither  age  nor  sex,  and 
to  he  distinguishi.'d  by  features  pecuharly  shocking  to  hu- 
manity. It  is  (hrticuit  to  account  for  the  activity  and  com- 
binations, which  liavc  for  some  time  been  developing  them- 
selves among  the  tribes,  inconstant  intercourse  with  British 
traders  and  garrisons,  without  connecting  their  hostility 
with  that  influence  ;  and  without  recollecting  the  authenti- 
cated examples  of  such  interpositions,  heretofore  furnished 
by  the  officers  and  agents  uf  that  government. 

Such  is  the  spectacle  of  injuries  and  in<lignities  wliich 
have  been  heaped  on  ovir  country  ;  and  such  the  crisis  which 
its  unexampled  forbearance  and  conciliatory  eft'orts  have 
not  been  able  to  avert.  It  might  at  least  have  been  ex- 
pected, that  an  enlightened  nation,  if  less  urged  by  moral 
obligations,  or  invited  by  friendly  dispositions  on  the  part 
of  the  U.  States,  would  have  found  in  its  true  interest 
alone,  a  sufficient  motire  to  respect  their  rights,  and  their 
tranquility  on  the  high  seas  ;  that  an  enlarged  policy  would 
have  favored  that  free  and  general  circulation  of  commerce, 
in  which  the  British  nation  is  at  all  times  interested,  and 
which  in  times  of  war  is  the  best  alleviation  of  its  calamities 
to  herself,  as  well  as  to  other  belligerents  :  and  more  espe- 
cially that  the  British  cabinet  would  not,  for  the  sake  of  a 
precarious  and  surreptitious  intercourse  with  hostile  mar- 
kets, have  persevered  in  a  course  of  measures  which  neces- 
sarily put  at  hazard  the  invaluable  market  of  a  great  and 
growing  country,  disposed  to  cultivate  the  mutual  advanta- 
ges of  an  active  commerce. 

Other  Councils  have  prevailed.  Our  moderation  and 
conciliation  have  had  no  other  effect  than  to  encourage  per- 
severance, and  to  enlarge  pretensions.  We  behold  our 
seafaring  citizens  still  the  daily  victims  of  lawless  violence, 
committed  on  the  great  common  highway  of  nations,  even 
within  sight  of  the  country  which  owes  them  protection.  We 
behold  our  vessels  freighted  with  the  products  of  our  soil 


il 


h\  «ii 


,f 


n 


msTOnv  OP  the  war. 


ft 


iHij 


1 


IIM! 

1'    u 


J: 


I  : 
I  i 


I 

!• 

I  I 


I 


An<l  industry,  or  rclnrniniy  willi  Iho  pror-ndu  ofthrm,  wrrsU 
etltrointlicir  lawful  ficNtiuationf^^ConrM  <»(»<<  |»\  |>ri/.<!ConiiH, 
no  loii<^erthe  ort^aiis  ot'iuililic  Ihw,  i.!^  iiie  iiiHtruiiieiit!^  of 
arliitrHry  KdiclN;  und  their  iiiifnrtnnati;  crews  (liitperHcd 
and  lost,  or  forced  or  iiivcig^led  in  Hritish  portn  into  British 
ileels ;  wliiNt  ar|^ume.ntt(  are  employc'd,  in  H4ip|H}rt  of 
these  ug^grcHsioiiswhich  have  no  fonndntion  i)ut  in  a  priii- 
ci|de  equally  supporting  a  claim  to  regnlale  our  external 
conimeice  in  all  canes  wliatsoever. 

We  L)ehold,  in  fine,  on  the  side  of  G.  Britain,  a  state  of 
war  against  the  U.  States,  and  on  the  side  of  the  U.  Stales 
a  state  •of  peace  towards  G.  Britain. 

,  Whether  the  U.  States  shall  continue  passive  under  these 
progressive  usurpations,  and  these  accumulating  wrongs ; 
or  opposing  force  to  force,  in  defence  of  their  natural  rig htti, 
i>hall  couunit  a  just  cause  into  the  hands  of  the  Altnighty 
disposer  of  events ;  avoiding  all  connections  which  might 
entangle  it  in  tlie  contests  av  views  of  other  powers,  and 
preserving  a  constant  readiness  to  concur  in  an  honorable 
re-establishment  of  peace  aad  friendship,  is  a  solemn  ques- 
tion, ^vhich  the  constitution  wisely  confides  to  the  legis- 
lative Department  of  the  government.  In  recommending 
it  to  their  early  deliberations,  I  am  happy  in  the  assurance 
that  the  decision  will  be  worthy  the  enlightened  and  patri- 
otic Councils  of  a  virtuous,  a  free,  and  a  powerful  nation* 

Having  presented  this  view  of  tlie  relatione  of  the  U. 
States  with  O.  Britain  and  of  the  solemn  alternative  grow- 
ii»g  out  of  them,  I  proceed  to  remark  that  the  communica- 
tions last  made  to  Congress,  on  the  subject  of  our  relations 
wilh  France,  will  have  shown  that  since  the  revocation  of 
her  Decrees  as  they  violated  the  neutral  rights  of  the  U. 
States,  her  government  has  authorised  illegal  captures,  by 
its  privateers  and  public  ships,  and  that  other  outrages  have 
been  practised  on  our  vessels  and  citizens.  It  will  have 
been  seen  also,  that  no  indemnity  had  l^een  provided,  or  sat- 
isfactorily pledged,  for  the  extensive  spoliations  committed 
nnder  the  violent  and  retrospective  orders  of  the  French 
government  against  the  property  of  our  citizens  seized  with- 
in the  jurisdiction  of  France.  1  abstain  at  this  time  from 
recommending  to  the  consideration  of  Congress  definitive 
measures  with  respect  to  that  nation,  in  the  expectation,  thai 
the  result  of  unclosed  discussions  belwocn  our  ]\linistei 


HISTOBY  Of  TnC  WAR.  it 

Plenipotentiary  nt  Paris  aiul  the  French  pfovrrnnient  will 
y|M'f(iily  enable  Cuii^^ri'Mi  to  dcciile,  with  greater  luUantage, 
till  lite  conmedne  tu  tlu*rig;ht%  the  interentA,  and  the  Innior 
•i  our  country.  JAM£S  MADISON. 

Waxhiiiiflonr  Jnm  1,  1819.  .i|i 

I  .if  T^.^.iii   !    nf'        — —  •ii;y'i»    f/J.H 

The  Committee  om  Poreif/n  Helationa  to  whom  was  refitrre{l 
the  McMOffe  of  the  PrtsUUcni  of  the  ('.  States  oj  the  Ut 
of'June,  \HVi,, ..  ....... 

RKPORT-^  '    .  .  J   * 

That  alter  the  experience  which  the  V.  States  have  hud 
of  the  great  injustice  of  the  British  i^overiiment  towards 
llieni,  exemplified  by  so  many  acta  of  violenee  and  oppres- 
Hiom  it  VI  ill  ihs  more  dilficiili  to  justify  to  the  impartial 
ivurld  their  patient  forbearance,  thiui  the  meiuiiM'e  ko  which 
it  bus  become  necessary  to  resort,  to  avenge  the  |vrongs, 
and  vindicate  the  rights  and  honor  of  the  nation.  Your 
committee  are  happy  to  observe  nn  a  dispassionate  reveiw 
nf  the  conduct  of  the  U.  States*  that  they  see  in  it  no  cause 
for  censure. 

If  a  long  forbearance  under  injuries  otrghk  ever  to  be 
considered  a  virtue  in  any  nation,  it  is  one  which  peculiarly 
becomes  the  U.  States.  No  people  ever  had  stonger  mo- 
tives to  cherish  peace — none  have  ever  cherished  it  with 
greater  sincerity  and  zeal-  -i    /m 

But  the  period  bi^  now  arrived,  when  the  U.  States  rausS 
.support  their  character  and  station  among  the  nations  oti* 
the  earth,  or  submit  to  the  luosi  sliameful  degradation. 
Forbearance  has  ceased  to  be  a  virtue.  War  04v  the  ono 
side,  and  peace  on  the  other,  is  a  situation  as  ruinous  as  it 
is  disgraceful.  The  mad  ambition,^  the  lost  of  power^  and 
commercial  avarice  of  G.  Britain,  arrogating  to  herself  the 
complete  dominion  of  the  ocean,  and  exercising  over  it  an 
unbounded  and  lawless  tyranny,,  have  left  to  neutral  nations^ 
an  alternative  only,  between  the  base  surrender  of  their 
rights,  and  a  manly  vindication  of  them.  Happily  for  the 
U.  States,  their  destiny,  under  the  aid  of  heaven,  is  in  their 
own  hands.  The  crisis  is  ^>rmidable  only  by  their  love. of 
peace.  As  so«mi  a»  it  becotues>  a  duty  to  relinquish  that 
situation,  danger  disappears.  They  have  suffered  no 
wrongs,  they  have  received  no  insults,  however  great,  for 
which  they  camiot  obtain  redress. 


'i! 


<ii  ■' 


1  1'.  h 


*: 


IBM  ' 


i  ' 


•0 


nisniRV  OP  THR  WAR. 


iiS 
iiif 

n.ii 


I-    i> 


i  11 


I    ' 


I^i 


i  :l 


IVIorR  than  seven  years  have  <'lapN€tI,  since  the  com- 
mencement of  this  system  of  hiistile  a^nrreMsion  )>y  the  Bri- 
tish government,  on  the  rigfhtiiand  interests  ofthe'U.  Slates. 
The  manner  of  its  commencement  was  not  less  hostile,  thiin 
the  spirit  with  which  it  Una  been  prosecuted.  The  U.  States 
have  invariably  done  every  thing  in  their  power  to  preserve 
the  relations  of  friendship  with  G.  Britain.  Of  this  dis- 
position they  gave  a  disting-uished  proof,  at  the  moment 
when  they  were  made  the  victims  of  an  opposite  poliry. 
The  wrongs  of  the  last  war  had  not  been  forgotten  at  the 
commencement  of  the  present  one.  They  warned  lis  uf 
dangers,  against  which  it  was  sought  to  provide.  As  early 
as  the  year  1804,  the  minister  of  the  U.  States  at  London 
was  instructed,  to  invite  the  British  government  to  enter  into 
u  negociation  on  all  the  points  on  which  a  collision  might 
arise  between  the  two  countries,  in  the  course  of  the  war, 
and  to  propose  to  it  un  arrangement  of  their  claims  on  fair 
and  reasonable  conditions.  The  invitation  was  accepted. 
A  negociation  had  commenced  and  was  depending,  and 
nothing  had  occurred  to  excite  a  doubt  that  it  would  not 
terminate  to  the  satisfaction  of  both  the  parties.  It  was  at 
this  time,  and  under  these  circumstances,  that  an  attack  was 
made,  by  surprise,  on  an  important  branch  of  the  American 
commerce,  which  affected  every  part  of  the  U.  States,  and 
involved  many  of  their  citizens  in  ruin. 

The  commerce  on  which  this  attack  was  so  unexpectedly 
made,  was  between  the  U.  Stales  and  the  colonies  of  France, 
Spain,  and  other  enemies  of  G.  Britain.  A  commerce  just 
in  itself — sanctioned  by  the  example  of  G.  Britain  in  regard 
to  the  trade  with  her  own  colonies — sanctioned  by  a  solemn 
act  between  the  two  governments  in  the  last  war  ;  and  sanc- 
tioned by  the  practice  of  the  British  government  in  the 
present  war,  more  Mian  two  years  having  then  elap;i>ed,  w  ith- 
ont  any  interference  with  it. 

The  injustice  of  this  attack  could  only  be  equalled  by  the 
absurdity  of  the  pretext  alledged  for  it.  It  was  pretended 
by  the  British  government,  that  in  case  of  war,  her  eneniv 
had  no  right  to  modify  its  colonial  regulations,  so  as  to 
mitigate  the  calamities  of  war  to  the  inhabitants  of  its  colo- 
nies. This  pretension,  peculiar  to  G.  Britain,  is  utterly  in- 
compatible with  the  right  of  sovereignty,  in  every  independ- 
ent state.     i(  we  recur  to  the  well  established  and  univei- 


8  Colo- 

?rly  iii- 
epend- 
Linivcr-  fei 


HISTonV  OF  THE  WAR. 


U\ 


vitty  :ulmitted  law  oi'  nations,  we  shall  tind  no  sanction  to 
jt,  111  that  venerahlf  nu<le.  The  sovereiajnty  of  every  stale 
is  co-cxtenstvc  with  ils  tiominions,  and  canuut  be  abrogatedt 
or  t-urlaiU'd  in  IIm  riglitn,  an  to  any  part,  except  by  conquest. 
^'lUtrai  natioitK  have  a  ri^ht  to  trade  to  every  (W)rt  of  either 
belligerent,  ubicb  is  not  lesfally  blockaded — aad  in  ail  ar- 
ticles vthich  are  not  contraband  of  war.  Sucli  is  the  ab- 
surdity of  this  pretension,  that  your  coinmillee  are  awar^ 
especially  after  the  able  manner  in  which  it  has  been  here- 
tofore refuted,  and  exposed,  that  they  would  offer  an  insult 
to  the  understandin|r  of  the  House,  if  they  enlarged  on  it, 
and  if  an  thioj^  couid  add  to  the  high  sense  of  the  injustice 
of  the  British  government  in  the  transaction,  \i  w<«dd  be  the 
contrast  which  her  conduct  exhibits  in  regard  to  thils  trade, 
and  in  reg'^^'-d  to  a  similar  trade  by  neutrals  with  her  owti 
colonies,  i  is  known  to  the  world,  that  G.  Britain  regu- 
lates her  0  -  n  trade,  in  war  and  in  peace,  at  home  and  iu 
her  colonies,  as  she  Hnds  for  her  interest — that  in  war  she 
relaxes  the  restraints  of  her  colonial  system  in  favor  of  the 
colonies,  and  that  it  never  was  suggested  that  siic  had  not 
a  right  to  do  it — or  that  a  neutral  m  taking  advantage  of 
the  relaxation  violated  a  belligerent  right  of  her  enemy — 
BiU  with  G.  Britain  every  thmg  is  lawful.  It  is  only  m  a 
trade  with  her  enemies  that  the  U.  States  can  do  wrong. 
With  them  all  trade  is  unlawful. 

In  the  \ear  179d,  an  attack  was  made  by  the  British  go- 
vernmeut  oik  tiie  sai^ie  branch  of  our  neutral  trade,  which 
bad  nearly  involved  the  two  countries  in  war.  That  diOer- 
euce,  however,  was  amicably  accommodated.  The  pi«- 
teiision  was  withdrawn,  and  reparation  made  to  the  U. 
Slates,  for  the  losses  which  they  had  suffered  by  it.  It  was 
fair  to  infer  from  that  arrangement,  that  the  commerce  was 
deemed  by  the  British  government  lawful,  and  that  it  would 
iiot  i)e  again  disturbed.  i 

Had  the  British  government  been  resolved  to  contest  this 
trade  with  neutrals,  it  was  due  to  the  character  of  the  British 
nation  that  the  decision  should  be  made  known  to  the  go 
vernment  of  the  l'.  States,  The  existence  of  a  negociation 
whici.  had  been  invited  by  our  government,  for  the  purjjose 
of  preventing  differences  by  an  amicable  arrangement  of 
their  respective  prelc.isions,  gave  a  strong  claim  to  the  no- 
♦ilica/ ion,  while  it  afforded  the  fair«st  opportunity   for  it. 

11 


I  ii 


l\ 


■  i 


\  ■  ■.  V 


Ih 


^■| 


#■  1 

'4  f-r    I 


J 


HISTHRY  OF  THE  WAR. 


|! 


I    ! 


\:>\\ 


I 


11;    : 


„.il 


But  n  very  differont  .  olicv  uniiiiateil  the  then  cabinet  o( 
bltttfiami.  Tfie  liljeml  conHiJr-ii-e  aixi  IneiiiUy  overtiires 
of  the  V.  Slate»#  were  taken  advantage  ol"  lo  ensnare  llnm. 
Steady  to  iIm  pnrf)0.«e,  and  mtlt  \ibiy  lioshle  to  thi.s  connli y, 
thf  British  gfuveriinient  rahnly  looked  urward  to  ihe  nso- 
mriit^  when  it  mi'rht  g-ive  ibe  niont  <i<atlly  wound  to  our  in* 
tPiPils.  A  trade,  jns»  in  itselt,  whifli  Wi)!»  stcnred  b\  so 
niafiy  strong  and  sacred  pleducs,  was  considered  safe. — 
Our  citizen**  with,  their  usual  iri(hi>tr\  and  enterprise  had 
etfdmrked  in  it  a  vast  proportion  of  their  shipping,  and  of 
their  capital,  which  wvreatsea,  under  no  other  protection 
than  tiie  law  of  nations,  and  Ihe  confidence  which  thev  re- 
posed in  t>;e  justice  and  friendship  of  the  British  nation. 
At  this  period  the  unexpected  blow  was  given.  Many  of 
oar  vessels  were  s<ized,. carried  into  port,  and  oondeiii  <\ 
hy  a  tribunal,  which,  while  it  professes  to  respect  Ihe  \aw  of 
nations,  obeys  the  mandates  of  its  own  government.  Hnn- 
<lreds  of  other  vessels-  were  driven  from  the  oceaii,  and  traiio 
itself  in  a  great  measure  suppressed.  Tiie  eft'ect  produced 
by  this  attack  on  the  lawful  commerce  of  the  IT.  States,  waS' 
such,  as  might  have  been  expected  from  a  virtuous,  nuie- 
pendent^  and  highly  injured  people.  But  one  ^^elll1mel)t 
pervaded  the  whole  Aaierican  nation.  No  local  interests 
were  regarded — no  sordid  motives  telt.  Without  lo»  kmo* 
to  the  parts  which  suffered  most,  the  invasion  of  our  right? 
was  considered  a  common  cause,  and  from  one  extremity 
of  our  Union  to  the  other,  waK  heard,  the  voice  of  an  united 
people,  calling  on  their  government  to  avenge  their  wrongs, 
and  vindicate  the  rights  and  honor  of  the  country. 

From  this  period  the  British  govorninent.has  gone  on  in 
a<ci)ntinued  encroachment  on  the  rightb  and  interest  of  the 
(J.  States,  disregardii.g  in  its  course,  in  many  mslances,, 
obligations-  which  have  heretofore   been  held  sacred  by 
civilized  nations.- 

In  May,  1B06,  ihe  whole  coast  of  the  continent,  from  the 
£lbe  to  Brest,  inclusive,  was  declared  to  be  in  a  stale  of 
blockade.  By  this  act,  the  well  established  principles  of 
the  law  of  nations,principles  which  have  served  for  ages  as 
guides,  and  fixed  the  boundary  between  the  rights  of  t  el- 
ligerents  and  neutrals,  were  violated  ;  by  the  law  of  nations,, 
as  recognized  by  G.  Britain  herself,  no  blockade  is  lawful, 
tuiless  it  he  suslainefl    by   the  ap|)licati(»n  of  an  adequate 


ItlSTOHV  OrTilC  WAU. 


8a 


force,  and  that  an  ^ul(-<)u;ite  luroi-  wat»  Hpplied  to ihisliiock- 
ade,  ii*  itsliiil  exU'til,  oiii;lil  nut  lo  in-  prel.  iidcil.  W  lielher 
tj.  Britain  ua>  able  to  nKiintain,  leuaily,  so  extensive  a 
blockade,  coiiKidenn*;  llie  vur  in  wlurji  t>lie  is  en^raged, 
r«(|iiinng'  such  e\tciis:>e  navid  uperatiooN,  is  a  question 
which  IS  not  necossarv  at  thus  liiue  U>  exunnne.  Jt  is  suHi- 
ci<  lit  to  he  known,  that  such  turce  *w:)s  not  applied,  and 
tins  iS  evident  from  the  teiins  of  the  hlookade  itsell,  by 
which,  comparatively,  un  inconsiderable  |K>rtion  oft tlie  coast 
only  v«  as  dec  hired  to  be  in  a  slate  of  strict  and  ri^oroiui 
blockajlf.  The  objection  to  the  measure  is  not  diminished 
bv  that  circunislance.  If  tlie  force  Avas  not  applied,  the 
biockatle  was  unlawful,  from  whatever  cause  the  failure 
iniglit  proceed.  The  belli<^erent  who  mslilutes  the  block- 
ade, ca>mot  absolve  itself  from  the  obligation  to  apply  the 
force  under  any  pretext  whatever.  For  a  belligerent  lo 
relax  a  blockade,  which  it  could  not  maintain,  it  would  be 
a  refinement  in  injustice,  not  less  insultiujj  to  the  under- 
fctauding,  than.repug'iiant  to  the  law  of  nations.  To  claim 
merit  for  the  mitigation  of  an  evil,  wiiich  the  party  either 
t>ad  not  the  power,  or  found  it  inconvenient  to  inHict,  would 
be  a  new  mode  of  encroaching  on  neutral  rights.  Your 
committee  think  it  just  to  remark,  that  i\V\s  act  of  the  Bri- 
tish  government  does  not  appear  to  luive  been  adopted  in 
the  sense  in  which  it  has  lieen  since  construed.  On  con- 
sideration of  all  the  circumstances  attending  the  measure, 
and  particularly  the  character  of  the  .distinguished  states- 
man who  announced  it,  we  are  pe:>n  \ded  that  it  was  con- 
ceived in  aspirit  of  conciliation,  an(-^  intended  to  lead  to  an 
accommodation  of  all  differences  iielween  the  U.  States 
and  G.  Britain.  His  death  disappoinled  ihat  hope,  and  the 
act  has  since  become  subservicul.  to  other  purposes,  it  has 
been  made  by  his  successors,  a  pretext  for  that  vast  system 
of  usurpation,  which  has  so  long  oppressud  and  harrassed 
our  commerce. 

The  next  act  of  the  British  government  which  claims  our 
attention  is  the  Orders  in  Council  of  Jan.7,  1807^  by  which 
neutral  powers  are  prohibited  trading  from  one  port  to  anoth- 
er of  France  or  her  allies,  or  any  other  country  with  which 
<].  Britain  might  not  freely  trade.  By  this  order  the  pre- 
tension of  Eiigland,  heretofore  claimeti  by  every  other pow- 
^v,  to  prohibit  neutrals  disposioj^  of  parts  ut  their  cargoes  at 


)i 


»   J I 


'f 


m 


HIStORY  OP  f  IlK  WAi:. 


I    ! 


! 


>    \ 


1 


n 


!  I 

I ; 

■i 

i| 


i  I  r 


different  ports  of  the  same  enemy,  is  revivt.*  and  with  vahl 
acnimulation  of  injury.  Every  enemy,  however  tjrt  at  llii; 
number  or  distance  from  each  <>lh«'r,  is  considered  one,  jtud 
the  like  trade  even  with  powers  at  peace  wilh  England  who, 
from  motives  of  pohcy  had  excluded  or  reslraioed  her  roin- 
merce,  was  also  prohibited.  In  ihis  act  the  British  u;o- 
veriimenc  evidently  disclaimed  allretrard  forneutriil  rights. 
Aware  that  the  measures  authorised  by  it  could  find  no 
pretext  in  any  belligerent  right,  none  was  nrij^ed.  To  pro- 
hibit the  sale  of  our  produce,  cunsisting  o\  innocent  articles 
at  any  port  of  a  belligerent,  not  blockaded,  to  consider 
every  belligerent  as  one,  and  Kubjecl  neutrals  to  tkie  san»e 
restraint  with  all,  as  if  there  was  but  one,  were  held  en- 
croachments. But  to  restrain  or  in  any  manner  interfere 
■with  our  commerce  with  neutral  nations  with  whom  G.  Bri- 
tain was  at  peace,  and  against  whom  she  had  no  justifiable 
cause  of  war,  for  the  sole  reason,  that  they  restrained  or  ex- 
cluded from  their  ports  her  commerce,  "was  utterly  incom- 
patible with  the  pact  lie  relations  subsisting  between  the  two 
countries. 

We  proceed  to  bring  into  view  the  British  Order  in 
Council  of  November  \V\  1807,  which  superceded  every 
other  order,  and  consumtfr%.ed  that  system  or  hostility  on  the 
commerce  of  the  Tj.  States  which  has  been  since  so  steadily 
pursued.  By  this  Order,  all  France i»nd  her  allies  and  every 
other  country  at  war  with  G.  Britain,  or  with  which  she  was 
not  at  war,  from  which  the  British  flag  was  excliuled,  a'/.i 
all  the  colonies  of  her  enemies  were  subjected  to  the  same 
restrictions  as  if  they  were  actually  blockaded  in  the  PiOst 
strict  and  rigorous  manner  ;  and  all  trade  in  articles  the 
produce  and  manufacture  of  the  said  countries  and  colonies, 
and  the  vessels  engaged  in  it  were  subjected  to  capture  and 
condemnation  as  lawful  prize.  To  this  order  certain  ex- 
ceptions were  made  which  we  forbear  to  notice  because 
they  were  not  adopted  from  a  regard  to  neutral  rights,  bul 
were  dictated  by  policy  to  promote  the  commerce  of  Eng 
land,  and  so  far  as  they  related  to  neutral  powers,  weir- 
said  to  emanate  from  the  clemency  of  the  British  govern- 
ment. 

It  would  be  superfluous  in  your  committee  to  state,  thai 
by  this  order  the  British  government  declared  direct  and 
positive  war  against  the  U.  States.     The  domuiion  of  ll»t: 


•1 


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and  eoiK 
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So  tar 
House  th 
the  antho 
the,  L' .    ^ 
which  ha 
the  inipi< 
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she  has 
cannoi 
they   ent< 
cfteding. 
our  felloe 
iieus,  and 
extends,  i 
petted  to 
citizens  a 
families, 
mitiious  s 
of  a  forei 
has  givei 
lated,  an 
taken  fro 
while  th€ 
States    t 
Every  n 
continual 
have  rep« 
raiigeme 
people, 
irom  this 
lion,  is  a 
This  li 
pressmei 
th(^  msnll 


1 


lb  < 


Mil 


HISTORY  OP  TIfIB  AVAR. 


Kj 


orcnn  was  coniplotely  iisurpetl  by  il,  all  commerce  I'orWid- 
t!i,  and  every  Hag  driven  from  il,  or  nubjerted  to  capture 
and  rondemiiatioM,  which  did  not  Hubserve  the  policy  of 
the  Bnlish  t;fovernnienl  by  paymf^  il  a  tribute  nnd  sailing 
niuirr  its  Hanction.  Kroni  this  f>enod  the  V.  <^lales  have 
inciureil  the  luaviest  Iossch,  and  most  mortifyinij  hiunilin* 
tionx.  Thev  ha\e  born  the  calamities  ol  v,  ur  without  retort- 
m<r  them  on  its  authors. 

So  far  your  committee  has  presented  to  the  view  of  the 
House  the  aa^g-ressions  which  have  been  "ommitled  under 
the  authority  of  the  British  government  on  the  commerce  if 
the  U.  States.  We  will  now  proceed  to  othtT  wrong* 
which  have  been  still  more  severely  felt.  Amoni^  these,  is 
the  impressment  of  our  seamen,  a  practice  which  has  been 
unceasingly  maintaiiud  by  G.  Bniain  in  the  wars  to  which 
she  has  been  a  party  since  our  revolution.  Your  comni'tlee 
cannot  ^onvt-y  m  adequate  terms  the  deip  sense  which 
they  entertain  of  the  injustice  and  oppression  of  tins  pro- 
cfteding.  Under  the  pretext  of  impressing  Brit'sh  seamen, 
our  fellow  citizens  are  seized  in  British  ports,  on  the  high 
seas,  and  in  every  other  quarter  to  \vhich  the  British  power 
extends,  are  taken  on  board  British  men  of  war,  and  com- 
pelled to  serve  there  as  British  subjects.  In  this  mode  our 
cilizeusare  wantonly  snatched  from  their  country  and  thett' 
families,  deprived  of  their  liberty,  and  doomed  to  an  igno- 
minious and  slavish  bondage,  compelled  to  fight  the  battles 
of  a  foreign  country,  and  otten  to  perish  in  them.  Our  flag 
hiis  given  them  no  protection  ;  it  has  been  unceasingly  vio- 
lated, and  our  vessels  exposed  to  danger  by  the  loss  of  men 
taken  from  them.  Your  committee  need  not  remark  that 
while  the  practice  is  continued,  it  is  impossible  for  the  U. 
States  to  consider  themselves  an  independent  nation. 
Every  new  case  is  a  new  proof  of  their  degradation.  Its 
continuance  is  the  more  unjustitiabte,  because  the  U.  States 
have  repeatedly  proposed  to  the  British  government  an  ar- 
rangement which  would  secure  to  it  the  control  of  its  own 
people.  An  exemption  of  the  citizens  of  the  U.  States 
ironi  this  degrading  oppression,  and  their  flag  from  viola> 
iion,  is  all  that  tliey  have  sought. 

This  lawless  waste  of  our  trade,  and  equally  unlawful  im- 
pressment of  our  seamen,  have  been  much  aggravated  bv 
the  in^inlts  and  ijidiguities  attending  them.     Under  the  pre- 


■(. , , 

.jl 

H 


^l 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


« : 


I     ,      ■! 


I  I  : 

ii   '  I' 


■J 


text  of  blockadiiirr  the  harbont  of  France  and  her  allies, 
Uritioli  NquadrunM  have  been  stationed  on  our  own  coadl,  tu 
ivatch  and  annoy  our  own  trade.  To  give  eA'ect  to  tiie 
blockade  of  European  {lorts,  the  ports  and  harbors  of  tiie 
TT.  Stales  have  been  blockaded.  In  executing' tliese  orders 
of  the  British  guvernment,  or  in  obeying  the  spirit  wincli 
was  known  io  animate  it,  the  commaiuiera  of  these  squ;td- 
roiis  have  encroached  on  our  jurisdiction*  seized  our  %es- 
sels,  and  carried  into  effect  impressments  within  our  iimiis, 
and  done  other  acts  of  great  iiyustice,  violence,  and  oppres- 
sion. The  U.  States  have  seen,  with  mingled  indignation, 
and  surprise,  that  these  acts,  instead  of  procuring  to  the 
perpetrators  the  punishment  due  to  unauthorised  crimes, 
iiave  not  failed  to  recommend  them  , to  the  favor  of  thtir 
government. 

Whether  the 'British  government  has  contributed  by  ac- 
tive measures  to  excite  against  us  the  hostility  of  the  savage 
tribes  on  our  frontiers,  your  committee  are  not  disposed  to 
occupy  much  time  in  investigating.  Certain  indications 
of  general  notoriety  may  supply  the  place  of  authentic  du- 
cuineiits ;  though  these  have  not  been  wanting  to  establish 
the  fact  in  some  instances.  It  is  known  that  symptoms  of 
British  hostility  towards  the  U.  States,  have  never  failed  to 
produce  corresponding  symptoms  among  those  tribes.  It  is 
also  well  known,  that  on  all  such  occasions,  abundant  sup- 
plies of  the  ordinary  munitions  of  war  have  been  afforded 
Ly  the  agents  of  British  commercial  companies,  and  even 
from  British  garrisons,  wherewith  they  were  enabled  to 
commence  that  system  of  savage  warfare  on  our  frontiers, 
which  has  been  at  all  times  indiscriminate  in  its  effect  on  all 
ages,  sexes,  and  conditions,  and  so  revolting  to  humanity. 

Your  committee  would  be  much  gratified  if  they  could 
close  here  the  detail  of  British  wrongs — but  it  is  their  duly 
to  recite  r.:aother  act  of  still  greater  malignity,  than  any  of 
those  which  have  b^.n  already  brqught  to  your  view.  The 
attenipt  to  dismember  our  Union,  and  overthrow  our  excel- 
lent Constitution,  by  a  secret  mission,  the  object  of  which 
was  to  foment  discontent  and  excite  initurrection  against  the 
constituted  authorities  and  laws  of  the  nation,  as  lately  dis- 
closed by  the  ageiti  employed  in  it,  affords  full  proof  that 
there  is  no  bound  to  the  hostility  of  the  British  governmei^ 


.'      1 

li.i 

a 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


m 


toward.H  the  Uniteil  States — no  act,  however  unjiislifiablr, 
^hwh  it  would  not  commit,  to  accompliiili  their  ruin.  Thiif 
attempt  excites  the  greuler  horror  from  the  couKiderutioii 
that  it  wus  oiade  while  the  U.  States  and  G.  Britain  were  al 
ueace,  and  an  amicable  negociation  wasdc'peiidii>ji>;betwe«Mi 
liiem  for  the  accommodation  of  tlieir  diflereiices,  through 
public  minister^},  regularly  authorised  lor  the  purpose. 

The  U.  States  have  beheld,  with  unexampled  forbear^ 
ance,  this  continued  series  of  hostile  encroachments  on  their 
right!!  and  interests,  iii  the  hope,  that,  ^ieldin^  to  the  force 
ot  friendly  remonstrances,  often  repeated,  the  British  go- 
vernment might  ado^U  a  more  just  policy  towards  thrm  y 
but  that  hope  no  longer  exists.  They  have  also  weighed 
in)  artially  the  reasons  which  have  been  urged  by  the  Bri- 
tish government  in  vindication  of  these  encroachments,  and 
found  in  them  neither  justification  or  apology. 

The  British  gover.»ment  has  alledged  in  vindication  of 
the  Orders  in  Council,  that  they  were  resorted  to  as  i.  reta- 
liation on  France,  for  similar  ag;irres»ions  committed  by 
her  on  our  neutral  trade  with  the  British  dominions.  But 
how  has  this  plea  been  supported  1'  The  dates  of  British 
and  French  aggressions  are  well  known  to  the  world. 
Tlieir  origin  and  progress  have  been  marked  with  too  wide 
and  destructive  a  waste  of  the  properly  of  our  felbw  citi- 
zens to  have  been  forgotten.  Tiic  Berlin  Decree,  of  Nov.. 
21,  1806,  was  the  first  aggression  of  France,  in  the  present 
war.  Eighteen  months  had  then  elapsed,,  after  tlie  attack, 
made  by  G.  Britain  on  our  neutral  trade  with  the  colonies 
of  France  and  her  allies,,  and  six  months  from  th«  date  of 
the  proclamation  of  iVfay,  1806.  Even  on  Jan.  7,  1807,  the 
dale  of  the  first  British  Order  in  Council,  sm  short  a  term 
had  elapsed,  after  the  Berlin  Decree,  that  it  was  hardly  pos« 
sil)ie  that  the  intelligence  of  it  should  have  cached  the  U. 
Stales.  A  retaliation,  which  is  to  produce  its  effect,  by 
operating  on  a  neutral  power,  ought  not  to  be  resorted  to,. 
till  tlie  neutral  had  justified  it  by  u  culpable  acquiescence  in 
tite  unlawful  act  of  the  otlier  belligerent.  It  ought  to  be 
(lel.iyed  until  after  Mifhcient  time  ha^i  been  allowed  lo  th^. 
neutral  lo  remon^iiuite  against  tlie  measure  coiuplained  of, 
to  receive  an  answer,  and  act  on  it,  which  had  not  been 
(lone  in  the  present  instance  ;  and  when  the  Order  of  Nf2v. 
1 1,  was  issueil,  it  is  w«li  luiown  iital  a  minister  of  Franci::  bad 


1 

') 

1 

1 

'' 

1 

1 

H 


■  A 


\  i^ 


, , 

! 

f  • 

1- 

ijfcll 

•dl 

Ml: 

1^ 


w^-'f<;i.\-.\.. 


9n 


HISTORY  OF   1  HE  WAR. 


11! 


Kill 


'\\.'' 


'Ml 


■i« 


fleclared  lollic  iiiinister  plenipotenliary  of  the  V.  Stales  nt 
Paris,  thuk  it  was  not  intended  thai  the  Decree  of  Berhn 
should  apply  to  the  U.  States.  It  is  equally  wpW  kiiowii  th.it 
no  American  vessel  had  then  been  condemned  under  it,  op 
seizure  been  nifide,  with  which  the  British  {government  wns 
acquainted.  The  facts  prove  incontestibly,  thai  the  tneas. 
ures  of  France,  however  unjustifiable  in  thentselves,  were 
nothing  more  than  a  pretext  for  those  of  Eii<^land.  And 
of  the  insufficiency  of  that  pretext,  ample  proof  has  already 
been  afforded  by  the  British  government  itself,  and  in  the 
most  impressive  form.  Although  it  was  declared  that  the 
Orders  in  Council  were  retaliatory  on  France  for  her  De- 
crees, it  was  also  declared,  audio  the  OrdCk's  themselves, 
that  owing  to  the  superiority  of  the  British  navy,  by  which 
the  fleets  of  France  and  her  allies  were  coiiHned  witnin  their 
own  ports,  the  French  Decrees  were  considered  only  as 
empty  threats. 

It  is  no  jusli6cation  of  the  wrongs  of  one  power,  that  tli* 
like  were  committed  by  another ;  nor  ought  the  fact,  if  true, 
to  have  been  urged  by  either,  as  it  could  afford  no  proof  of 
its  love  of  justice,  of  its  mcg'nanimity,  or  even  of  its  courage. 
It  is  more  worthy  the  government  of  a  great  nation,  to  re- 
lieve than  to  assail  the  injured.  Nor  can  a  repetition  of  the 
wrongs  by  another  power,  repair  the  violated  rights,  or 
wounded  honor,  of  the  injured  party.  An  utter  inability 
alone  to  resist,  would  justify  a  quit  I  surre'.ider  of  our  rights, 
and  degrading  submission  to  the  will  of  olliers. 

To  that  condition  the  United  Slates  are  not  reduced; 
nor  do  they  fear  it.  Thiit  they  ever  consented  to  dis- 
cuss with  either,  the  misconduct  of  the  other,  is  a  proof 
of  their  love  of  peace,  of  their  moderation,  and  of  the 
hope  which  they  still  indulged,  th;il  friendly  appeals  tc 
just  and  generous  sentiments,  would  not  be  made  to  llieni 
in  vain.  But  the  motive  was  mistaken,  if  their  forbearance 
was  imputed,  either  to  the  wvuit  of  a  just  sensibility  to  their 
wrongs,  or  of  a  determination,  if  suitable  redress  was  inA 
obtained,  to  resent  them.  The  time  has  now  arrived  when 
this  system  Of  reasoning  must  cease.  It  would  be  insulliiij^  ^  J 
to  rej")eat  it.  It  would  be  degrading  to  hear  it.  The  U. 
States  mu.st  act  as  an  independent  nation,  and  assert  their 
rights,  and  avenge  their  wrongs,  according  to  their  own 
estimate  of  them,  with  the  party  vi'ho  commits  them,  hold- 


in  jy  it  resp' 
ut  aiiolhei 

For  the 
hy  the  api 
land  only, 
and  is  too 
conimercii 
uii  evidciM 
their  wior 
tianie  footi 
acconmiot 
niid  in  res 
Had  the 
which  was 
and  Franc 
the  U.  Sti 
iiig  to  thei 
Tlie  comn 
i::reiitly  inj 
tion  lias  n 
that  is  a  C( 
lie  for  the 
jieople,  is 
not  tail  to 
r.luim. 

More  r( 
lowards  tl 
has  been  | 
ders  in  Co 
Sioverninei 
Uritish  cot: 
Prance  an 
was  also  a 
It  appears, 
vornment, 
with  Frai 
i)e  subdue( 
M'esume  o 
Jish  y;oven 
been  made 
ns  the  com 
penly  aiul 


,! 


IIISTOHY  OF  TUE  WAR. 


80 


itis:  il  r<\spoii8i))le  for  lU  own  iiiistict>d>,  unmitigated  by  those 
ut  aiiuthcr.  ), 

For  the  difference  made  between  G.  Britain  and  France, 
by  the  apitlication  of  the  no.i-iniporlation  act  a^ainMt  Eng- 
land only,  the  motive  Itas  been  already  too  often  explained, 
and  is  too  well  kuown  to  require  further  illustration.  I.,  the 
cunimercial  restriclions  to  which  the  IT.  States  resorted  hh 
ail  evidence  of  their  Nen.sibility,  and  a  nuld  retaliation  of 
their  wi-oni>'.s,  they  invanabU  placed  both  powers  on  the 
Kiune  footing,  lioldni;^  to  each  in  re!4|>ect  to  itself,  the  same 
ancunmiodation,  in  case  it  accepted  the  condition  ottered  ; 
and  in  respect  to  the  other,  the  same  restraint,  if  it  retused. 
Had  the  British  government  confirmed  the  arrangement 
which  was  entered  into  with  the  British  minister  in  -  lh09, 
niid  France  maiidained  her  Decrees,  with  France  would 
llie  v.  States  have  had  to  resist,  with  the  iirmness  belong- 
inqfto  their  character,  the  continued  violation  of  their  rights. 
The  committee  do  not  hesitate  to  declare,  that  France  has 
iXrciitly  injured  the  U.  States,  and  that  satisfactory  repara- 
tion lias  not  been  made  for  many  of  those  injuries.  But, 
that  is  a  concern  which  the  U.  Slates  will  look  to  and  set- 
tie  for  themselves.  The  high  character  of  the  American 
people,  is  a  sufficient  pledge  to  the  wor!;!,  that  ihey  will 
not  fail  to  settle  it,  on  conditions  which  they  have  a  right  to 
.'.'luim. 

More  recently,  the  true  policy  of  the  British  government 
iowards  the  C  States  has  been  completely  uitfolded.  It 
has  been  publicly  declared  by  those  in  power,  that  the  Or- 
ders in  Council  should  not  be  repealed,  until  the  French 
•loveniinent  had  revoked  uli  its  internal  restraints  on  the 
•  Hritisli  commerce,  and  that  the  trade  of  the  U.  States,  with 
France  and  her  allies,  should  be  prohibited  until  G.  Britain 
was  also  allowed  to  trade  with  them.  By  this  declaration, 
if  aj)peurs,  that  to  satisfy  the  pretensions  of  the  British  go- 
veinnietit,  the  V.  States  must  join  G.  Britain  in  the  war 
with  France,  and  prosecute  the  War,  until  France  should 
he  subdued,  for  without  her  subjugation,  it  were  in  vain  to 
presume  on  such  a  concession.  The  hostility  of  the  Bri- 
tish ;»;oveinment  has  been  still  further  disclosed.  It  has 
been  made  manifest  that  the  IT.  Slates  are  considered  by  it 
:is  the  commercial  rival  of  G.  Britain,  and  that  their  pros- 
jjcrity  and   growth  are  incompatible   with  their   welfare. 

12 


I; 


(■ 

.1 

'tj^ 

r 

s 

1 

ir 

;  i 

V;f 

#■» 


K 


.-  i 


1M> 


HISTORY  Of  an:  war. 


Ih 


[  : 


! 


iv 


i    I' 


ill 


i;<- 


I 


When  all  ihcf**  circnuistancf!*  aro  lakcri  into  ronsuleratior), 
it  is  impossible  tor  your  (oniniilUi:  to  <ioiiU  the  mulUM 
u  jit'h  have  lii;-  venieit  the  lirilish  iniiuMlry  in  »l|  its  meas- 
ures towaidM  the  U.  StattH  Hiiice  thf"  )e;ii  XHiU'i.  Equally 
is  it  im|iUsMihle  to  doultt,  longer,  the  course  which  the  L. 
Slates  oug'ht  to  pursue  tuwnrds  Ci.  Uritain. 

From  this  view  of"  the  multi|il: -J  wrongs  of  the  British 
government  since  llie  coniniencement  of  the  present  war, 
it  must  i>e  evident  to  the  impartial  world,  that  the  contest 
which  is  now  forced  on  llie  U.  States,  is  radically  a  con- 
test lor  their  sovereignly  and  independence.     Your  coni- 
juillee  will  not  enlarge  on  any  of  the  injuries,  however  great, 
which  have  had  a  tr.msitory  etfect.     They  wish  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  House  to  those  of  a  permanent  nature  only, 
which  intrench  so  deeply  on  our  most  important  rights,  and 
wound  so  extensively  and  vitally  our  best  interests,  as  conid 
not  fail  to  deprive  the  II.  States  of  the  principal  advantages 
of  their  revolution,  if  submitted  to.     The  control  of  our 
commerce  bv  G.  Britain,  in  regulating  it  at   pleasure,  and 
almost  expelling  it  from  the  cean  ;  the  oppressive  man- 
ner in  which  these  regulations  have  ijeen  carried  into  eflect, 
by  seizing  and   contiscating  such  of  our  vessels  with  their 
cargoes,  as  were  said  to  have  violated  her  edicts,  often  with- 
out previous  warning  of  their  danger ;  the  impressment  of 
our  citizens  from  on   board  our  own  vessels,  on  the   high 
Sti'ASf  and  elsewere,   and  holding  them   in  bondage  until  it 
suited  the  convenience  of  their  oppressors  to  deliver  them 
up,  are  encroachments  of  thai  high  and  dangerous  tenden- 
cy  which  could  not  fail  to  produce  that  pernicious  effect, 
nor   would  those  be  the  only   consequences  that   would 
result  from  it.     The  British  government  might  for  a  while, 
be  satisfied  with  the  ascendency  thus  gained  over  us,  but 
\\s  pretensions  would  soon  increase.     The  proof  which  so 
complete  and  disgraceful  a  submission  to  its  authority, 
would  aflbrd  of  our  degeneracy,  could  iK>t  fail  to  inspire 
confidence,  that  there  was  no  limit  to  which  its  usurpations, 
and  our  degradations  might  not  be  carried. 

Your  committee,  believing  that  the  freeborn  sons  of 
America  are  worthy  to  enjoy  the  lil>erly  which  their  fa- 
thers purchased  at  the  price  of  so  much  blood  and  treasure, 
and  seeing,  in  the  measures  adopted  by  G.  Britain,  a  course 
commenced  and  persisted  in,  which  might  lead  to  a  loss  of 
national  character  and  independence,  feel  no  hesitation  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


91 


idvisiii'^  rrsi^ilance  by  force,  in  wlmli  the  Aiiieric ann of ihc 
priM'iil  liiiy  will  |»r<i\c  to  Ihc  i-ru'iiiy  uiul  Ua-  tvoridlliiil  %vn 
h:;v(  iiol  only  iiitierited  that  lilierty  vvliicli  on.  furtlieni  t^nvo 
(IS  l>i>t  also  ihc  will  and  powtT  to  iiiaiiilaiii  it.  Kelytiif^uu 
tlie  patriotism  of  the  nation,  and  cuiitideiilly  tniHting; 
tlial  the  Lord  of  Hosts  will  go  with  iin  to  battle  in  n  n^lil- 
eoiis  cause,  and  crown  our  elKirts  willi  success — yourconi- 
mitlee  recuninieiKl  an^appeal  to  AUxMS. 

^.)on  after  the  above  Report  was  read,  Mr  Calhoun, 
one  of  the  Committee  of  Forei«jfn  Kehitions,  on  leave  beinij 
jriven,  presenlt  d  the  followm:'^  '^  H,  declariiij(  war  between 

■rs. 


and  the  Uniled. Slates 
end  day's  debate,  pas- 
«Mitatives,  and  was  ap« 
iHlh  day  of  June.  * 


Great-Britain  and  her  depei 
and  their  territories  ;  which, 
scd  the  Senate  and  House  o 
proved  by  the  President,  on  itn 

AN  ACT, 
Vedariny  War  between  the  fjnited  Kiiujdum  nf  Gnat-Bri' 

tain  and  Ireland^  and  the  dependencies  thereofy  and  the 

United  States  of  America ^  and  their  Territories. 

BE  IT  ENACTED  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  Stales  of  America,  in  Congress 
assembled,  That  WAR  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  declar- 
ed to  exist,  between  the  United  Km|rdom  of  Great-Britain 
and  Ireland  and  the  dependencies  thereof,  and  the  United 
States  of  America  and  their  Territories :  and  that  the  Pre- 
sident of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby  authorised 
to  use  the  whole  land  and  naval  force  of  the  United  States, 
to  carry  the  same  into  effect,  and  to  issue  to  private  armed 
vessels  of  the  United  States,  commissions,  or  tetters  of 
marque  and  general  reprisal,  in  such  form  as  he  shall  think 
proper,  and  under  the  Seal  of  the  United  States,  against  the 
vessels,  gfoods,  and  effects  of  the  government  of  the  same. 
United  Kingdom  of  Great-Britain  and  Ireland,  and  the  sub' 
jects  thereof.  ♦ 

Approved.  JAMES  MADISON. 

June  18, 1812. 

Yeas  and  Nays  on  the  above  Bill. 

IN  THE  SENATE.  "' 

Yeas  19.— Nays  13. 

IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

NeW' Hampshire — Yeas,  Dinsmore,  Hall,  and  Harper,  3 
—Nays,  Bartleit  and  Sullivan,  2, 


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'IP  Hli'TORY  OF  THE  WAR. 

Massachusetts— Ye9iH,  Seaver,  Csirr,  Green,  Richardson, 
Turner,  and  Widg^ery,*}— Nays,  Quiiicy,  Keed,  Tajjgarl, 
Eiy,  Bngliaiii.  White,  Talhna.i,  and  Whealon,  8. 

Jifuxte-Jsiand — None — Nays,  PoUer  and  Jackson,  2. 

\emumt — Yeas,  Fisk,  Shaw,  and  Strong,  3 Nays, 

Chittenden,  1. 

Cvnneclicut — None — Nays,  Stiirges,  Davenport,  Mose. 
Icy,  Cham|»ion,  Tallniadgej  Pilkin,  and  Law,  7. 

Atir- KorA — Yeas,  Pond,  Avery,  and  Sage,  3 — Nays, 
Bieecker,£inott,  Cooke,  Filch,  Gold,  Sammons,  Slow,  Tra- 
cy, Van  Gortlandt,  Miichiil,  and  Metcalf,  1 1. 

i\tfV'.hrseif — Yeas,  Gondii,  and  Morgan,    2 — Nays, 
Boyd,  Hufly,  Maxwell,  andNewbold,  4. 

Fennsylvama — Yeas,  Seyberl,  Anderson,  Brown,  Ro- 
berts, Fuidley,  Smilie,  Lyle,  Whitehdl,  Bard,  Davis,  Le- 
fevre,  Hyneman,  Piper,  Lacock,  Crawford,  and  Smith,  16 
— Niys,  Milnor,  and  Rodman,  2. 

Delaware — None — Nays,  Kidgely,  1. 
'     Maryland — Yeas,    Kent,    Little,   M'Kim,   Ringgold, 
Brown,  and  Archer,  6 — Nays,  Key,   Goldsborough,  and 
Stuart,  3. 

Virginm — Yeas,  Nelson,  Gholson,  Goodwyn,  Newton, 
Taliaferro,  Dawson,  Bassett,  Smith,  Hawes,  Roane, 
31'Koy,  Pleasants,  Clopton,  and  Bur  well,  14 — Nays,  Ran- 
dolph, Lewis,  Baker,  Hreckenridge,  and  Wilson,  5. 
'  JSorih- Carolina — Yeas,  Alston,  Black  ledge,  Macon, 
King,  Cochran,and  Pickens,  G—Nay^8,  Pearson,  M  Bryde, 
and  Stanford,  3.^^^    -  -  *    ^    •     -  .  .>y',.^i%. 

South-Carolina — Yeas,  Williams,  Cheves,  Lowndes, 
Butler,  Calhoun,  £arle,Wmn,  and  Moore,  8 — Nays,  None. 

Georgia — Yeas,  Troup,  Bibb,  and  Hall,  3 — Nays,  None. 

Kentucky — Yeas,  Joanson,  Desha,  New,  M'Kee,  and 
Ormsby,  6 — Navs<  None. 

'/enne.ssee — Yeas,  Rhea,  Grundy,  and  Sevier,  3— Nays, 
None.  _  '  -';:'' 

Ohio,  Yeas,  Morrow,! — Nays,  None.  !      ' 

Yeas,  98— Nays  62— Majority  36.    '"ft 

The  Declaration  of  War,  was  announced  the  day  after 
its  passage,  by  the  President's  Proclamation,  of  which  the 
following  is  a  copy  >-  *  *  "       ;  u  u  ;  m  .  i  /, » 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


It 


BY  Tiir.  rurRinr.jCT  or  thb 

;  UNITED  STATES  OP  AMERICA. 
A  PKOCLAMATION. 
WHEREAS  Uie  Congress  of  the  U.  States,  by  virtue 
of  the  constituted  authority  vested  in  them,  have  declared 
bv  tiieir  act,  (>€arin<^  date  the  ei<^hteenth  day  of  the  present 
month,  that  WAR  exists  htlwecn  the  ITniled  Kingdom  of 
0.  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  the  dependencies  thereof,  and 
the  U.  States  of  America,  and  their  Territories :  Now, 
therefore,  I,  JAMES  MADISON,  President  of  the  U. 
States  of  Americe,  do  hereby  proclaim  the  same  to  all 
whom  it  may  concern  ;  and  I  do  specially  enjoin  on  all  |)er- 
sons  holdings  offices,  civil  or  military,  under  the  authority 
of  the  United  States,  that  they  be  vigdant  and  zealous  in 
discharging  the  duties  respectively  incident  thereto  :  and  I 
do  moreover  exhort  all  the  good  people  of  the  United 
States,  as  they  love  their  country  ;  as  they  value  the  pre- 
cious heritage  deriveiL,from  the  virtue  and  valor  of  tneir 
fathers  ;  as  they  feel  the  wrongs  which  have  forced  on  them 
the  last  resort  of  injured  nations  ;  and  as  they  consult  the 
best  means,  under  the  blessing  of  Divine  Providence,  of 
abridging  its  calamities ;  that  they  exert  themselves  in 
preserving  order,  in  promoting  concord,  in  maintaining- 
the  authority  and  efficacy  of  the  laws,  and  in  supporting 
and  invigorating  all  the  measures  which  may  be  adopted 
by  the  constituted  authorities,  for  obtaining  a  speedy,  a 
just,  and  an  honorable  peace. 

In  testimony  wiiekeof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand, 
and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be  affixed  to 
these  presents.  '     *  «  -  u       *•    > 

(SEAL) 

DONE  at  the  City  of  Washington,  the  nineteenth  day  of 
June,    one  thousand  eight   bundi'cd  and  twelve,  and  of 
the  Independence  of  the  United  States  the  thirty  sixth. 
(Signed) 

'  JAMES  MADISON. 

By  the  President , 


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(Signed) 


JAIMES  MONROE,    ' 

ti    *    ,  Secretary  of  Stale » 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


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CHAPTER  IV. 


THE  FIRST  PRISONER. 

Was  taken  in  Norfok,  Virijmia — A  g'entleman,  by 
llie  name  uf  Wiikinsofif  arrived  in  that  place  about  I  he 
lir.stot' June,  and  put  up  at  the  BhtiHh  Consul's.  The 
citizens  suspected  him  to  be  a  British  uihcer,  and  arcord. 
inj^ly  kept  an  eye  upon  him.  On  the  receipt  of  the  De- 
claration uf  War,  VVilkinson,  as  the  mail  boat  was  about 
to  depart,  was  seen  to  make  a  precipitate  retreat  throuirh 
the  back  street^  which  led  from  the  Consul's  to  the  wharf, 
wher«  the  boat  lay,  when  he  sprang  on  board,  darted  into 
the  cabin,  and  in  a  few  seconds  was  under  way.  It  was 
known  that  a  man  of  war  was  hovering  on  the  coast,  and 
bi»intention  was  to  communicate  the  declaration  of  war  to 
her.  fioats,  from  the  navy  yard  and  fort  N*'Ison,  were 
immediately  dispatched,  which  succeeded  in  taking  W^iU 
kmson.  lie  proved  to  be  a  captain  in  the  Royal  Marmes. 
THE  FIRST  PRIZE. 

Was  the  schooner  Patriot,  .1.  A.  Brown,  Master,  from 
Guadaloupe,  bound  to  Ualifiix,  with  a  valuable  cargo  of 
sugar,  taken  by  the  revenue  cutter  Jefferson,  Wm.  Ham, 
Master,  and  arrived  at  Norfolk,  June  26. 

MESSAGE, 
To  tite  Senate  and  Hmise  ef  Hepresenlatives  af  the  United 

States, 
I  transmit,  for  the  information   of  Congress,   copies  of 
letters  which  have  pa?*^  "d  between  the  Secretary  of  State, 
and  the  Envoy  Extr^.       'nary  and  minister  Plenipotentiary 
of  Great-Britain. 

JAMES  MADISON. 
June  15,  181l». 
...  Mr.  Foster  to  Mr.  Monroe, 

Washington,  June  10, 1812. 
SIR — It  has  been  extremely  satisfactory  to  me,  to  find 
by  your  letter  dated  June  6th,  which  I  had  the  honor  to  re- 
ccive  yesterday  morning,  that  it  was  not  the  wish  of  the 
American  government  to  close  all  further  discussion  rela- 
tive to  the  important  questions  at  issue,  between  the  tvo 


HISTORY  OP  TrieWAfU 


96 


countries.  I  be^  you  to  lie  a.ssure({,  sir,  that  it  nerer  was 
iiiv  iiileiition,  in  alluding  to  my  leiters  which  had  remain* 
ill  withuut  answer  at  )uur  oflice,  to  u»e  any  exprefisiimt 
wjiicli  could,  in  the  most  remote  manner*  contain  any  tiling 
nersonal.  I  Nhall  ever  be  ready  with  pleasure  to  liear  les- 
timoi>y  to  thai  frankness,  candor,  and  ^ood  tem|>er,  which 
so  einnient^y  distinguish  yon,  and  have  been  acknowledged 
to  belong  to  you,  by  all  who  have  ever  had  the  honor  to 
discuss  with  you  any  question  of' public  interest. 

But,  sir.  although  you  were  not  backward  in  entering  in- 
to lull  explanations  with  me  verl>ally,  I  could  moI  but  feel, 
particularly  as  1  had  just  had  cumniunications  to  make  to 
you  of  the  greatest  importance,  that  1  had  a  right  to  expect 
tVoni  you  a  written  reply  to  them  ;  and  while  I  remember* 
ed  that  two  of  my  former  notes  were  still  unanswered,  the 
one  written  three  months  ago,  containing  amung  other  im« 
])ortant  topics,  a  particular  question  which  I  was  expressly 
instructed  to  put  to  you,  as  to  whether  you  could  point  to 
any  public  act,  on  the  part  af  the  French  government,  by 
winch  they  had  really  revoked  their  Decrees,  and  the  otiier 
furni!>hing-  strong  evidence  of  the  continued  existence  of 
those  very  Decrees  ;  alsu,  when  I  perceived  that  my  note, 
coiumunicating  the  duke  of  Bassano's  report,  which  you 
kiiew  was  to  (je  sent  to  you  on  the  1st  inst.  was  not  waited 
for,  but  that  a  message  was  transmitted  by  the  Executive  to 
Congress,  which  it  seems  contained  a  reference  to  an  insu- 
lated passage  m  the  despatch  on  winch  my  note  was  found- 
ed, that  if  taken  unconnected  with  what  preceded  or  fitl- 
lowed,  it  might  be  liable  to  misconstruction,  I  could  not 
avoid  apprehending  that  no  means  of  further  explanation 
niigiit  be  left  open  to  me. 

J  beg  you  to  be  assured  sir,  that  if  I  was  embarrassed  by 
your  demands  of  an  explanation  as  to  what  appeared  to  yon 
to  be  a  difference  between  lord  Castlereugh^s  despatch,  com- 
municated to  you,  and  my  note,  it  arose  from  the  novelty 
ot  the  demand,  that  seemed  to  involve  an  informality  of 
jmiceeding,  in  which  I  could  not  feel  myself  juslitied  in 
acquiescing.  Had  you,  in  making  a  reply  to  my  cominu- 
nicution,  asked  me  how  fur  a  repeal  of  the  French  Decrees 
was  demanded  by  my  government,  and  as  to  whether  a  sjje- 
cial  repeal,  as  far  as  respected  America,  would  be  sufticient, 
I  sliuuld  have  had  no  hesitation  in  giving  you  every  satm- 
faction. 


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UltiTOhY  UF  TU£  \V^R 


'  YoQ  note  of  the  6th  instant  has,  by  shewing  that  the  ilour 
was  not  absohitely  shut  to  a  coiitniuance  of  our  <hst'UHsioii. 
reheved  rae  from  further  ditiiculty  on  this  pouit. 

I  have  no  hesitation,  sir,  in  siiyinsf  that  Great- Britain,  a:^ 
the  case  has  hitherto  stood,  never  did,  nor  never  could  eiw 
gage,  without  the  grossest  injustice  to  lierself  and  her 
allies,  as  well  as  to  other  neutral  natons,  to  re|)eal  her  Or- 
ders as  affecting  America  alone,  lea\  ing  them  in  force 
against  otiicr  states,  upon  condition  that  France  wguld  ex- 
cept,  singly  and  specially.  America,  from  the  operation  of 
her  Decrees.  You  will  recollect,  sir,  that  the  Orders  in 
Council  are  measures  of  defence,  directed  aganist  the  sys. 
tern  contained  in  those  Decrees  ;  that  it  is  a  war  of  trade 
which  is  carried  on  by  France  ;  that  what  you  cail  tlie 
municipal  regulations  of  France,  have  never  been  called 
municipal  by  France  herself,  but  are  her  main  engines  in 
that  novel  and  monstrous  system.  It  cannut,  then,  be  ex- 
pected that  Great-Britain  should  renounce  her  efforts  to 
throw  back  upon  France  the  evils  with  which  she  menaces 
Great-Britain,  merely  hecnuse  France  ni.ght  seek  to  alle- 
viate her  own  situation  by  waving  the  exercise  of  that  part 
of  her  system  which  she  cannot  enforce. 

But,  sir,  to  what  purpose  argue  upon  a  supposed^case  ; 
upon  a  state  of  things  not  likely  to  occur,  since  the  lute  re- 
port and  senatus  consul tuni  which  have  been  published  to 
the  world,  as  it  were,  insultingly  in  the  face  of  those  m  ho 
would  contend  that  any  repeal  whatever  had  taken  place, 
of  the  Decrees  in  question. 

You  draw  a  comparison  between  the  mode  in  which  tills 
instrument  has  appeared,  and  that  which  you  call  the  higii 
evidence  of  the  re|)eal  as  stated  in  Mr.  Champagny's  note  : 
and  it  would  almost  seem  as  if  you  considered  the  latter  as 
the  most  authentic  of  the  two ;  but,  sir,  you  cannot  seriously 
contend  that  the  duke  of  Bassano's  report,  with  the  seimiu> 
consultum  accompanying  it,  published  in  the  oflicial  pajx  r 
at  Paris,  is  not  a  very  different  instrument  from  the  abuvi 
letter,  offering  a  mere  provisional  lepeal  ot  the  Decrees, 
upon  conditions  utterly  inadmissible :  conditions  too,  which 
really  formed  of  themselves  a  question  of  paramount  im- 
portance. 

The  condition  then  demanded,  and  which  was  brought 
forward  so  unexpectedly,  was  a  repeal  of  the  blockade  of 


HlJlTORT  or  THE  'WAS. 


OS 


Mu),  lt^>t>,  whicli  Mr.  Piiikiiey,  in  ike  lelleryou  hatere> 
tcrtul  lui'  to,  (ic'ctiircil  to  have  l>eeti  ruauired  by  Aineric;i  as 
iiHiispeiiMaUieiii  Uih  vi«w  of  hrracbol  inlercouriie  aiid  inm* 
iiilercoiirse,  as  well  as  a  re|ical  ut  olh«!r  blockades  of  a  tinw 
liar  characUfi',  which  were  maintained  by  G.  Britain,  to  be 
i'uiiiiiled  ui)  strict  niaritiuie  rig^hti*. 

The  coiiditiunK  now  annexed  to>the  French  demand  are 
tnui'h  more  extcnstive,  and  uit  I  have  tihewn,  includeM  a  sur- 
render of  many  other  of  the  most  evlablishcd  principles  of 
the  public  law  of  nations. 

i  cannot,  I  confenit,  wee  upon  what  ground  you  contend 
that  the  report  of  the  duke  of  BatMtiiio,  afi^irilM  no  proof 
against  any  partial  re|)eal  of  the  Fueiidi  ])eoree8.  The 
principles  advanced  in  that  report  are  ge>^eral  ;  there  is 
110  exception  made  in  favor  of  America,  and  in  tlie  correa* 
pondence  of  Mr.  Barlow,  as  officially  published,  he  seems 
to  allow  that  he  had  no  explanation  respecting  it.  JPlow 
can  it,  therefore,  be  considered  in  any  other  light  than  as  ft 
republication  of  the  Decrees  themselves  ?  which,  as  it  were 
to  take  away  all  ground  for  any  doubt,  expressly  advances 
;i  doctrine  tliat  can  only  be  put  in  practice  on  the  high  seas, 
tiurnely,  *  that  free  ships  shall  make  free  goods,*  since  the 
applifiation  of  such  a  principle  to  vessels  in  port  is  absolute- 
[v  rejected  under  his  continental  system. 

It  is,  indeed,  impossible  to  see  how,  under  such  circum* 
>innces,  America  can  call  u\yon  G.  Britain  to  revoke  her 
Orders  in  Council.  It  is  impossible  that  she  can  revoke 
them  at  this  moment,  in  common  justice  to  herself  and  to 
her  allies  ;  bat,  sir,  while  under  tlie  necessity  of  contiiiu- 
mg;  them,  she  will  be  ready  to  manage  their  exercise,  so  as 
\o  alleviate  as  much  as  possible,  the  pressure  upon  America ; 
.tiid  it  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  confer  with  you,  at 
tay  time,  upon  the  most  advisable  manner  of  producing 
Hi;»!  etfpct.     I  have  the  honor  to  bt»,  &c. 

^^  AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER. 


1^ 


<  I 


AL:  Monroe  to  Mr.  Faster, 

Dj!:i»AiiT.MENT  or  Static,  Jone  13,1812. 

»IR — 1  am  not  aware  that  any  letter  of  yours,  on   any 

&ubjert,  on  which  the  linal  decision  of  this  government  had 

act  been  communicated  to  you,  has  been  sufiered  to  remain 

wirhoiit  a  I'rgmpt  atul  written  answer  :  and  even  in  the 


ia 


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iil 


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HiarruHV  of  the  wam. 


iHi ; 


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1: 
'I 


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ill 


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vwe%  ihiiN  suppcM^l  to  hsive  l>een  Kellled,  which  you  thought 
|«roper  to  revive,  ahhoiigh  no  fiivonible  change  had  taken 
place  in  tlie  policy  or  meuHureii  of  your  {rovertiineut,  I  li:i\t> 
n«ver  failed  to  explain  tn  you  iiifornially,  in  early  inter- 
views, the  reasons  which  made  it  ini|)eriou8ly  the  duty  of 
the  U.  States  tu  continue  to  afford,  to  their  rights  and  inter- 
ests, all  the  protection  in  their  power.  The  acknowledg- 
ment of  this  on  your  part,  was  due  to  the  frankness  uf  tlie 
communications  which  have  passed  between  us  on  the  high- 
ly  important  subjects  on  which  we  have  treated,  and  1  aio 
happy  to  find  by  your  letter  of  the  10th  inst.  that  in  relyio|f 
on  it,  1  have  not  been  disappointed. 

The  impropriety  of  the  demand  made  by  your  govern- 
ment of  a  copy  of  the  instrument  of  nistructions  given  by 
the  French  government  to  its  crui/ers,  after  the  repeal  of 
the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees,  was  suHSciently  shown  in 
M r.  Pinkncy^s  letter  to  the  Marquis  i)f  Wellesley  of  the 
10th  of  December,  1810,  and  in  my  letters  to  you  of  the 
2dd  July  1811,  and  14th  January  last.  It  was  for  this  rea- 
son that  I  thought  it  more  suitable  to  refer  you  to  those  letters, 
for  the  answer  to  that  demand,  than  to  repeat  it  in  a  formal 
communication. 

It  excites,  however  no  small  surprise,  that  you  s||ouUl 
continue  to  demand  a  copy  of  that  instrument,  or  any  new 
proof  of  the  repeal  of  the  French  Decrees,  at  the  very  time 
that  you  declare  that  the  proof  which  you  demand,  in  the 
extent  to  which  we  have  a  right  to  claim  tlie  repeal,  would 
not,  if  afforded,  obtain  a  corresponding  repeal  of  the  Orders 
in  Council.  This  demand  is  the  more  extraordinary,  when 
it  is  considered,  that  since  the  repeal  of  the  Decrees,  as  it 
res))ect8  the  U.  States,  was  announced,  your  government 
has  enlarged  its  pretensions,  as  to  the  conditions  on  which 
the  Orders  in  Council  should  be  repealed,  and  even  invigor- 
ated its  practice  under  them. 

'  It  is  satisfactory  to  find  that  there  has  been  no  misapprehen- 
sion of  the  condition,  without  which  your  government  reiu- 
ses  to  repeal  the  Orders  in  Council.  You  admit  that  to 
obtain  their  repeal,  in  respect  to  the  IT.  I^tates,  the  repeal  of 
the  French  Decrees  must  be  absolute  and  iniconditional, 
not  as  to  the  U.  States  only,  but  to  all  other  neutral  nations; 
nor  as  far  as  they  affect  neutral  conmierce  only,  but  as  they 
operate  internally  and  affect  the  trade  in  British  manufac- 


HISTORY  OF  T1IC  WAR. 

turfjv  with  the  eneini<^(k  of  0.  Britain.  \n  the  Ordeni  in 
Council  have  fonned  n  principsil  caune  of  tb«  difK.*renccfi 
which  unhnppily  exist  between  our  couiithe)*,  a  condition 
of  their  repeal,  communicnted  in  any  authentic  document  or 
niaiiiier,  was  entitled  to  partirulnr  attentiou ;  and  aurely 
iiono  could  have  so  hi^h  a  claim  to  it,  a^i  the  letter  from 
Lord  Castierenn^h  to  you,  submitted  by  hi«i  nothority  to  my 
view,  for  tlie  exprcMS  purpose  of  making  that  ctmditioo, 
with  itH  other  contents,  known  to  tliis  government. 

With  this  knowled<^e  of  the  determination  of  your  gfov* 
«rnment,  to  say  nothing  of  the  otiier  conditions  annexed  to 
the  re|)eal  of  the  OrderH  in  Council,  it  is  impossible  for  me 
to  devise  or  conceive  any  arrangement  consistent  with  the 
honor,  the  rights  and  interests  of  the  U.  States,  that  coidd 
be  made  the  basis  or  become  the  result  of  a  conference  on 
the  subject.  As  the  President  neverlheless  retains  his  soli- 
citude to  see  a  happy  termination  of  any  differences  l>e- 
tween  the  two  countries,  and  wishes  that  every  opportunity* 
however  unpromising,  which  may  possibly  lead  to  it,  should 
be  taken  advantage  of,  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that 
I  am  ready  to  receive  and  pay  due  attention  to  any  com- 
munication or  propositions,  having  the  object  in  view,  which 
you  may  be  authorised  to  make.      ■*■'■-        '      'I    i 

Under  existing  circumstances,  it  is  deemed  most  advisa- 
ble, in  every  respect,  that  this  should  be  done  in  writing, 
asmosl  susceptible  of  the  requisite  precision,  and  least  liable 
to  niisaprehension.  Allow  me  to  add,  that  it  is  equally 
desirable  that  it  should  be  done  without  delay.  By  this  it  is 
not  meant  to  preclude  any  additional  opportunity  which 
may  beaftbrded  by  a  personal  interview.  1  have  the  honor 
to  be,  &c.       •  JAM£;^  MONRCMS,  •/ 

'       JMr,  Foster  to  Mr.  Monroe.  '         '^i 

Washington,  June  14,  1812. 

SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  13th.  instant.        ''   '  • 'J    J  .  r        » 

It  is  really  quite  painful  to  me  to  perceive,  that  notwith- 
standing the  length  of  the  discussions  which  have  taken 
place  between  us,  misapprehensions  have  again  arisen  res- 
pecting some  of  the  most  important  features  in  the  questions 
at  issue  l>etween  our  two  countries ;  which  misapprehen- 
flions,  perhaps,  proceeding  from  my  not  expressing  myself 


—  ■pi 

i 

i 

i 
f . 

(.  ■,  ■ 


1^1 


ii 


'*   ( 


u 


I 


■ 


;;r 


.  i\ 


J" 


. 


ti^ 


3 


i*til 


100 


ItfSTOHY  OF  'I  Iff.  \>  Ali. 


lUfSci^ntly  cltenr  in  my  note  of  (lie  lOtli  iitsi.  ui  icUtiuit  u 
one  ol'tboKe  qaektionis  it  is  nlMoluUly  lurt.ssirj  ^ilOlll(i  Ih 
done  ownV' 

I  lieflT  leave  tm^'m  to  Male  103011,  ftir,  (lint  it 'm  not  Ike 
operation  of  (lie  French  Ducretn  ii|kmi  liie  British  trade  Mjiii 
ill)'  enemies  of  G.  Britain,  (li»(  liaNcver  formed  n  Kulijcctot 
dincutftion  between  iiM,  and  (hill  it  in  the  oiicrnlion  of  tliusc 
Decreett  opon  G.  Britain,  tiii'uuu[h  iinitrai  comiilcrci!  only, 
vhicb  has  really  itcen  the  point  nt  iwiiie.  Had  Amcnrs 
reaiNtetl  the  effect  of  those  Dv.cropH  in  (heir  full  cxtnit  iipun 
her  neutral  rtfchtn,  we  alionld  never  have  had  a  difference 
upon  the  subject ;  but  ivhile  French  cruizers  continue  to 
captore  her  ships  under  their  operation,  she  seems  to  have 
been  satisfied  if  Ihose  ships  were  released  by  special  iiu^Ki- 
irial  mandates,  issued  as  the  occasion  arose ;  and  she  hai^ 
chosen  to  call  municipal  nn  une\aniple<l  assnntption  of  au> 
thority  by  France,  in  countries  not  under  French  jurisdir- 
lion,  and  expressly  invaded  for  the  purpose  of  prevenliiiv 
their  trade  with  England,  on  principles  directly  applicable 
to,  if  they  could  be  enforced  a{^nin!4t  America.  < 

.f:  I  beg  you  to  recollect,  sir,  (hut  if  no  revocation  had  been 
made  of  the  Orders  in  Council,  upon  any  repeal  of  the 
French  Decrees,  ns  hitherto  shown  by  America  to  have 
taken  place,  it  has  not  l)een  the  fault  oi  his  majesty V  gov. 
ernment.  It  was  France,  and  afierwards  America,  tiint 
connected  the  question  relative  to  the  right  of  blockade  wilh 
that  arising  out  of  the  Orders  in  Council.  You  well  know 
that  if  these  two  questions  had  not  been  united  togetlier,  the 
Orders  in  Council  would  have  been,  in  1810,  revoked. 
How  could  it  be  expected  (hat  G.  Britain,  in  common  jus- 
tice to  other  neutral  nations,  to  her  allies,  and  to  herNelf, 
should  not  contend  for  a  full  and  absolute  repeal  of  tlie 
French  Decrees*  or  should  engage  to  make  any  particular 
concession  in  favor  of  America,  when  she  saw  that  Ame- 
rica would  not  renoqnce  her  demand  for  a  surrender  with 
the  Orders  in  Council  of  some  of  our  most  important  mari- 
time rights. 

£vcn  to  this  day,  sir,  you  have  not  explicitly  stated  in 
any  of  the  letters  to  which  you  refer  me  that  the  American 
government  would  expressly  renounce  asking  for  a  revocti- 
tionofthe  blockadeof  May,  1806,  and  the  other  blockiide 
alluded  to  iu  Mr.  Piiiknev's  leU*?r  ;  much  lef?shavel  bnii 


HIXT.tRY  or  Till  WAR. 


Ml 


liflo  io  oUttiiii  from  you  any  di«rUimer  of  llic  rigliU  awiertud 
f)v  Kratu't*  to  impof)«;  iifuiii  llie  worltl  ihe  new  nianlinMf  coJo 
proiiuilg'iUcd  liy  Friiiicc  in  IIh^  tatr  re|mblicalKNi  cf  licr 
D.rivL'H,  nllliotijjfh  1  ltav«>,  Ity  onler  of  my  goverttmeiit,  ex- 
)r(>ssiy  slat<'<l  IIm  ir  ox|K'c;liilion  of  wiicli  cliNcltiiiner,  and  rc- 
ixMU'dly  ciiltffl  fuiaii  explanaitoii  oiilhi«  point. 

1  will  now  say  lliat  1  feel  ciilircly  aiilliorised  to  aasur«: 
\  oil  thai  if  you  run,  nt  any  tinir,  |N-u<lun(!  a  full  and  uncon- 
ditional repeal  of  tlie  Frencb  Decrecti,  as  you  have  a  rifflil 
1(1  (It'niand  it  in  your  rliaracti'i*  of  a  neutral  nation,  and  that 
)t  Ih:  (lisenga;<od  Iron)  any  connection  wilh  the  queslion 
concerning  our  maritime  rights,  we  shall  be  ready  to  meet 
YOU  with  a  revocation  of  the  Orders  in  Council.  Previous 
to  your  producing  Hucli  an  instrument,  which  I  am  sorry  to 
4t(>  you  regard  um  unneressary,  you  c&nnoi  expect  of  us  lo 
o-ive  up  our  Orders  in  Council.       :     '.'uii  n-.,  <rAu\ 

In  reference  to  the  concluding  paragraph  of  your  letter 
in  answer  to  that  in  mine  of  the  lOlh  iiist.  f  will  only  say, 
tlitit  I  am  extremely  sorry  to  fmd  you  think  it  iinpo.ssible  to 
(It'vise  or  conceive  any  arrangement  consistent  with  the 
liunor,  rights,  and  interests,  of  the  U.  States,  which  might 
tend  to  alleviate  the  pressure  of  the  Orders  in  Council  on 
the  commerce  of  America.  It  woald  have  given  me  great 
satisfaction  if  we  could  have  fallen  iipon  some  agreement 
that  might  have  had  sudli  effect.  My  govcrnnieiU,  while 
under  the  imperious  necessity  of  resisting  France  with  her 
own  Weapons,  most  earnestly  desires  that  the  interest  of 
America  may  suffer  as  little  as  possible  from  the  inciden- 
tal effect  of  the  conflict.  They  ara  aware  that  their  retuU 
ialory  measures  have  forced  the  ruler  of  France  lo  yield  in 
•>ome  degree  from  his  hostile  Decrees,  and  whether  it  were 
more  advisable  to  push  those  measures  rigorously  on  Hnctil 
they  oomplete  the  breaking  of  it  up  altogether,  (the  main 
object  of  our  retaliatory  system)  orio  take  advantage  of  the 
partial  and  progressive  retraotioiis  of  it,  produced  by  ihe  ne. 
oessities  of  the  enemy,  has  been  a  question  with  his  maje^y's 
^orernment.  It  is  one  on  which  they  would  have  lieen 
most  desirous  to  consult  the  interest  of  America.  Under 
oxisting  circumstances,  however,  and  from  our  late  com- 
munications, 1  have  not  felt  encouras 


iged 


you  any 


wnlten  proposal  arising  out  of  this  state  of  things ;  I  shall 


Ihcrof 


or 


p.  merely  again  express  to  you,  that  as  the  object  of 


lot 


UISTOHr  OrTHK  WAM. 


:i  V 


I: 


W'. 


f 

r 

t 

t  . 


;' 


;ii 


} '    i. 


ill 


G.  Hi'ittin  ha*  been  ihroiiipliout  to  endeavor,  wliilo  forced, 
iu  behalf  of  her  moMt  important  rights  and  intermt  to  retn. 
liate  upon  t^  French  Hccreeti,  to  c<vinbinc  that  retaliation 
with  the  (Treatcflt  pomible  <h'8:r(!e  of  attention  to  the  intrreNt 
of  America*  it  would  ofive  hi»  niajeMly'N  fi^overnroent  tli« 
moNt  Hincerc  satiHfiiction  if  Home  nrrancfenient  could  l>e  found 
which  would  have  ao  deitirable  an  etiV^ci. 
'    '  »  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

AUGUSTUS  J.  FOSTER. 


.Ml- 


MESSAGE. 
To  the  Senale  and  House  of  liepreaeniatives  o/t/u:  U.  Staks. 

I  communicate  to  (Jong^ress  copies  of  a  letter  to  the  Se- 
cretary of  State,  from  the  charge*;  d'affairs  of  the  U.  States  at 
London,  and  of  a  note  to  him  from  the  British  Secretary 
for  foreign  aifuirs. 

'    I         JAMES  MADISON. 

June  22, 1812.  r. 


''AU     7. 'I.     '» 


<*l 


'     $        Mr,  Russell  to  the  Secretary  of  Slate, 

London,  May  2, 1812. 

SIR — After  closing^  the  duplicate  of  my  letter  to  you  of 
tlie  2(Hh  ult.  I  discovered  the  copy  of  the  note  of  lord  Cas- 
tlereagh  to  me  of  the  21st  ult.  had  be£n  left  out  by  mistake. 
I  take  the  liberty  of  now  handing  it  to  you. 
»..      ..  JONATHAN  RUSSELL. 

[Enclosed  in  the  above.] 

The  undersigned,  his  majesty's  principal  Secretarv  of 
State  for  foreign  affairs,  is  commanoed  by  his  royal  high- 
ness, the  prince  regent,  to  transmit  to  Mr.  Russell,  charge 
d'afi'airs  of  the  government  of  the  U.  States  of  America, 
the  enclosed  copy  of  a  Declaration  accompanying  an  Order 
in  Council  which  has  been  this  day  passed  by  his  royal 
highness,  the  prince  regent  in  Council. 

The  undersigned  is  commanded  by  the  prince  regent  to 
request  that  Mr.  Russell,  in  making  this  communication  to 
his  government,  will  represent  this  measure  as  conceived 
in  the  true  spirit  of  conciliation,  and  with  a  due  regard,  on 
the  part  of  his  royal  highness,  to  the  honor  and  interest  of 
the  U.  States ;  and  the  undersigned  ventures  to  expresi 
bis  confident  hope,  that  this  decisive  proof  of  the  amicable 


niSTORT  OF  TRB  WAB. 


foa 


^entimentf  which  animiile  the  couiicili  of  bit  royal  bi^- 
neM  lowardM  America,  aiay  acceleraUi  ihe  reiura  of  amity 
nnti  mutual  confidence  between  Greai-BriU^  and  thiu 
United  State*. 

The  undeniig;ned  avails  himself  of  this  opportunity  to  re- 
peHllo  Mr.  Uukiell  the  assumnctfR  uf  hit  hi|rn  roimiderHtion. 

CASTLLa£A(iH. 

Foreign  Office,  April 2\,  1812. 
i  ORDKK  IN  CUCNCIL. 

At  the  Court  at  Carltun-Housc,  the  'ilst  day  of  April, 
IHl'i,  present  his  royal  highness  the  princo  regent  in 
Cuuiicil. 

Whereas  the  government  of  France  has,  by  an  official 
report,  communicated  by  its  minister  of  foreign  affairs  to 
the  conservative  Senate,  on  the  10th  of  March  last,  reniov- 
c(l  all  doubts  as  to  the  perseverence  of  that  government  in 
the  assertion  of  principles,  and  in  the  muintainnnce  of  a 
system,  not  more  hostile  to  the  maritime  rights  and  com- 
niercial  interest  of  the  British  empire,  than  inconsistent  with 
the  rights  and  independence  ot  neutral  nations,  and  has 
thereby  plainly  develope<l  the  inordinate  pietenvions  which 
that  system,  us  promulgated  in  the  Decrees  of  Berlin  and 
Milan,  was  from  the  first  designed  to  enforce. 

And  whereas  his  mujesty  has  invariably  professed  his 
readiness  to  revoke  the  Orders  in  Council  adopted  tliere- 
tijiun,  as  soon  as  the  said  Decrees  of  the  enemy  should  bo 
formally  and  unconditionally  repealed,  and  the  commei*  ce 
uf  neutral  nations  restored  to  its  accustomed  course  : 

His  royal  highness  the  prince  regent  (anxious  to  give  the 
most  decisive  proof  of  his   royal   highness'    disposition  to 
perform  the  engagements  of  his  majesty's  government)  is 
pleased,  in  the  name  and  on  the  behalf  of  his  majesty,  and 
hy  and  with  the  advice  of  his  majesty's  privy  Council,  to 
order  and  declare,  and  it  is  hereby   ordered  and  declared, 
tlialif,  at  any  time  hereafter,  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees 
shall  by  some  authentic  act  of  the  French  government,  pub- 
licly promulgated,  be  absolutely  and    unconditionally  re- 
ea!Kd,then,  and  from  thenceforth,  the  Order  in  Council  of 
lie  7th  day  of  January,  1807,  and  the  Order  in  Council  of 
Iie2(ithday  of  April,  1809,  shall,  without  any  further  or« 
'er,be,  and  the  same  are  hereby  declared  from  thenceforth 
>l»ewhoIlvan<l  ahsolntelv  rovokod  ;  »nfMnHher,  that  tht 


'     •'% 


Ml 


:!' 


i  i' 

1     !' 


I     I 


■    1! 


i'  1 


HI' 


II; 


mil 


f 


if 

ii 


104 


KlISl'OUY  OV  TUK  WAK. 


lull  benefit  of  this  order  Nhall  be  exlenclcd  to  any  flhip  or 
carf^o  captured  subKcquent  to  Huchaulhentic  act  of  reiieai 
of  the  French  Decref-s,  uithou|>^h  antecedeiil  to  Mich  repeal 
such  ship  or  vemiel  vhaii  have  cummeiiced  and  Hhall  have 
been  in  the  prosecution  of  a  voyvi\^tt  which,  under  the  ^aid 
Orders  in  Council,  or  one  of  them,  wouhl  have  subjected 
her  to  capture  and  condemnation  ;  and  the  claimant  of  nn\ 
^>hip  oi'  car^o  which  hhuU  be  captured  or  broug^ht  to  adjudi- 
cation, on  acconitt  of  any  alleyfed  breach  of  either  of  thr 
said  Orders  in  Council,  alany  ttmesubitequent  to  such  ati- 
ihentic  act  of  repeal  by  the  French  government,  shall  with- 
out any  further  Order  or  Declaration  on  the  part  of  lii» 
majesty's  government  on  this  subject,  be  at  liberty  to  give 
in  evidence  iu  the  high  Courts  of  Admiralty,  or  any  Cunrt 
of  Vice-Admiralty,  before  xvhich  such  ship  or  cargo  shall 
be  brought  for  adjudication,  that  such  repeal  by  the  French 
governmenl  had  been,  by  such  authentic  act,  promulgated 
prior  to  such  capture  ;  and  upon  proof  thereof,  the  voyage 
shall  be  deemed  and  taken  to  have  been  as  lawful  as  if  tbe 
said  Orders  in  Councd  had  never  been  made  :  saving,  nev- 
ertheless, to  the  captors,  such  protection  and  indemnity  as 
they  may  be  equitably  entitled  to  in  the  judgment  of  thi 
said  Court,  by  reason  of  theii  ignorance,  of  uncertainty  as  to 
the  repeal  of  the  French  Decrees,  or  of  the  recognition  ot 
such  repeal  by  his  majesty's  government  at  the  time  of  ^ucti 
capture. 

His  royal  highness,  however  deems  it  proper  to  declare, 
that  should  the  repeal  of  the  French  Decrees,  thus'auticiput- 
cd  and  provided  for,  prove  afterwards  to  have  been  illuson 
on  the  part  ofthc  Ciieiny  ;  and  should  the  restrictions  there- 
of be  still  practically  enforced,  or  revived  by  the  enemy 
G.  Britain  will  be  compelled,  however  reluctantly,  attei 
reasonable  notice,  to  have  recourse  to  such  measures  of  le 
taliation  as  may  then  appear  to  be  just  and  necessary. 

And  the  Right  Honorable  the  lords  conmiissioners  oil 
his  Majesty's  treasury,  his  Majesty's  |)rincipal  Secretaiii* 
of  state,  the  lords  Commissioners  of  the  Admiralt}',  uiiti 
the  Judges  of  the  high  Court  of  Admiralty,  and  th€!*Jud<;f> 
of  the  Courts  of  Vice- Admiralty,  are  to  take  the  necessan 
measures  therein  as  to  thorn  shall  rosnectivelv  appertain. 

CHtTWYND. 


nrsTonv  op  thr  vtx'k. 


100 


Mr.  Rnssell  to  ijotd  CastlerMgh. 

Mv  ^^ — '  *"*^*'  ^^*^  honor  to  acknowh  dtre  the  receipt 
t>«"  the  note  which  your  lortlMliip  uddrejiHe*!  to  in«  on  th**  tjlst 
of  this  month,  enclosinff,  hy  commaiHl  of  hi«  royal  highn#^», 
the  prince  wgent,  a  co|»y  of  a  declaration  accompanying^  at 
Order  in  Council  which  had  this  day  lK?en  pawed. 

It  wo<dd  utl'oril  me  the  hii^sl  satinfaction,  in  communi- 
•aling  that  declaration  and  order  to  my  {ifovemnii?fit,  to 
have  repreaeiiled  ihem,  as  conceived  in  the  true  spirit  ol 
conciliation  and  with  a  dne  regard  to  the  honor  and  inter- 
ests of  the  U.  Stales.     I  regret,  however,  that  so  far  Iron 
perceiving  in  iheni  any  evidence  of  the  amicabl*?  sentiment 
which  are  professed  to  animate  the  councils  of  his  roya 
highness,  I  am  compelled  to  consider  them  as  an  Uiidq<ii- 
vocal  proof  of  the  determination  of  his   B  i  annic  majesty  *b 
government  to  adhere  to  a  system,  which,  both  as  to  prin- 
ciple and  fact)  originated,  and  has  been  continued  in  error  ; 
and  against  which,  the  government  of  the  U.  States,  so 
long  as  it  respects  itself  and  the  essential  righti  of  the  na- 
tion over  which  it  is  placed,  cannot  cease  to  contend. 

The  U.  States  have  never  considered  it  their  duty  to  en- 
quire»  nor  do  they  pretend  to  decide,  whether  England  or 
France  was  guilty,  in  relation  to  the  other,  of  the  first  viola- 
tion of  the  public  law  of  nations;  but  they  do  consi«ier  it 
iheir  most  imperious  duty  to  protect  themselves  from  thfc 
unjust  opemtion  of  the  unprecedented  measure  of  retalia- 
tion professed  by  both  powers  to  be  founded  on  such  viola- 
tion. In  this  0|)eration,  by  whichever  party  directed,  the 
U.  Stales  have  never,  for  a  moment,  acquiesced,  nor  by  thfe 
slightest  indication  of  such  acquiescence,  afforded  a  pretext, 
for  extending  to  them  the  evils,  by  which  Etigland  and 
France  atfect  to  retaliate  t>n  each  other.  They  have  m  no  in- 
stance departed  from  theubservance  of  that  strict  impnrlialty 
which  their  peaceful  position  required,  and  which  ought 
to  have  secured  to  them  the  unmolested  enjoyment  of  tlieir 
neutrality.  To  tljeir  astonishment,  however,  they  perceiv- 
ed that  both  these  belligerent  powers,  under  tlie  pretence 
of  annoying  each  other,  adopted  and  put  in  practice  new 
principles  of  retaliation,  involving  the  destruction  of  tlio^e 
commercial  and  maritime  rights  which  the  U.  States  i*e- 
'^vA  as  essential  and  iiiscperable  attributes  of  their  inde- 
perMlencp      Althonfj:li  alive  to  ail  the  injnrv  and  ininstice  of 

1^ 


-^ff 

W  i 


i ' 


h      I 


106 


III.STORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


I    f 


i  I  « 


1 H  ! 


fi; 

i : 


\<.\ 


j'i 


■1:1 


this  sysU'm,  Ihe  Amt^riraii  (ruvrniiiuMit  resorted  to  no  men. 
ur<'s  to  oppose  it,\%hirli  were  not  of  the  nio»t  pacitic  ai.r  itQ. 
parlial  character  in  rel>ilion  to  both  the  a^;gre§sorM.  hs  re. 
inonsl ranees,  it»  fcKtriclioii»  o(  coniiMercial  intercourse,  and 
its  overtures  lor  acroninioilation,  were  equally  adtlressed to 
£n<rtand  and  Fruice  :  and  if  there  is  now  an  ine(|uaiity  iu 
the  relations  of  the  U.  States  with  these  counlnes,  it  ran 
only  be  aseribed  to  Ent^land  herself,  who  rejected  lh»i  terini 
proiiered  to  both,  wlii^e  FVance  nt'ce  ted  them,  and  who 
continues  to  execute  her  retaliatory  Edicts  on  th<  high  seas, 
"while  those  of  France  have  here  ceased  to  operate. 

If  G.  Britain  could  not  be  persuaded  by  cotisiderations 
of  universal  equality,  to  refrain  from  udooting-  any  line  of 
conduct,  however  unjust,  for  which  she  niis;ht  discover  a 
precedent  in  the  conduct  of  her  enemy,  or  to  abandon  an 
attempt  of  remotely  and  uneerta'inl)  annoying  that  enemy 
through  the  iiuinediate  and  sme  destruction  of  the  vital  in. 
terest  of  a  neutral  and  unolfeMding  state,  yet  it  was  coiifi. 
denlly  expected  ih-.tt  she  would  be  willing  to  follow  that 
enemy  al.^o  in  his  return  low ards  justice,  and,  from  a  res- 
pect to  her  own  decUtrations  to  proceed  pari  passu  with  hitn 
in  the  revocation  of  the  oilending  Edicts.  This  just  ex^ec. 
tatiun  has,  however,  been  disappointeil,  and  an  exemption 
of  the  flag  of  the  U.  States  from  the  operation  of  the  Berlin 
and  Milan  Decrees,  has  produced  no  correspoitding  modi- 
fication of  the  British  Orders  in  Council.  On  the  contrary, 
he  fact  of  such  exemption  on  the  part  of  Fr  nee,  a|)pears, 
by  the  declaration  and  Order  in  Council  of  the  British  go- 
vernment on  the  21st  of  this  month,  to  be  denied,  and  thet:'n- 
gagements  of  the  latter,  to  proceed,  step  by  step,  witii  its 
enemy,  in  the  work  ot  repeal  and  relaxation,  to  be  disown- 
ed or  disregarded. 

That  France  has  repealed  her  Decrees  so  far  as  they  re- 
spected  the  U.  States,  has  been  established  by  declaratiuns 
and  facts,  satisfactory  to  them,  and  which  it  was  presumed 
should  have  been  equally  satisfactory  to  the  British  g<»vern- 
ment.  A  formal  and  authentic  declaration  of  the  French 
government  communicated  to  the  minister  plenipotentiary 
of  the  U.  States  at  Paris,  on  the  5th  of  August,  1810,  an- 
nounced that  the  Decrees  of  Berlin  and  Mdin  were  revoked, 
andshouhl  cease  to  operate  on  the  1st  of  the  succeeding 
iNlovember,  provided  that  a  condition  presented  to   Eng:- 


HISTOUY  OF  THE  WAR. 


107 


land,  or  another  onndition  preseiiUcI  to  lh«»  l^.  Stal*»s  should 
bt^  l>ert"otiiied.  Tlie  coiidilioii  pri'NeiitfMt  to  the  I',  i^loles 
^jiH  i  oriiifti,  -.iiid  iheir  pertormai»re  reuttered  »hM«lute 
tlif  ri  -  ii  "♦  the  Decrees.  So  tar  therefore,  from  Ih.s  re- 
peiil  dei lending  u|Nin  a  condition  in  which  G.  Bniain  could 
nol  acquiesce,  it  became  absolute,  inde|>e«i(teiit  of  any  act 
01 G.  Bnlaiu,  the  moment  the  act  proposed  for  the  perform- 
ance oi  the  U.  States  was  accompliKiieii.  Such  was  the 
coiiHtructiou  i^iveii  to  this  measure  by  the  V.  States  from 
iht  tirst  ;  and  that  it  was  a  correct  one  has  been  sutficiently 
evinced  by  the  subsequent  practice. 

Several  instances  of  the  acquittal  of  American  vessels  and 
cargoes,  to  which  the  Decrees  would  have  attached,  if  still 
in  force  agaiust  the  U.  States,  have  from  time  to  limf,  l»een 
presented  to  his  Britannic  majesty's  troveriiment.  That 
tiu'se  cases  have  been  few,  is  to  lie  ascnl>ed  to  the  few  ca|>> 
tures,  in  consequence  of  this  repeai,  made  by  French  cruiz- 
ers  ;  and  should  no  other  such  case  occur,  it  would  be  ow- 
ing to  the  efficacy  of  this  repeal,  and  to  the  exact  observ- 
ance of  it,  even  by  the  most  wanton  and  irregular  of  those 
cruizers. 

From  the  1st  of  November,  1810,  to  the  20th  of  January 
of  the  present  year,  as  appears  by  a  note  whM'h  I  had  the 
honor  to  address  to  the  predecessor  of  your  lordship,  on  tiie 
8th  of  February  last,  the  Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees  had  not 
been  applied  to  American  property,  nor  have  1  heard  that 
such  application  has  since  been  made. 

But  against  the  authentic  act  of  the  French  government 
of  the  5th  August,  1810,  and  the  subsequent  conduct  of  the 
government,  mutually  explaining  each  other,  and  conform>- 
ing  the  construction  adopted  by  the  V.  States,  a  re  port  said 
to  be  communicated  by  tfto  French  minister  of  Foreign  af- 
fairs to  the  eoiiserviUe  senate,  is  op|)Osed.  Without  preten- 
ding to  doubt  the  gemiineness  of  that  report,  although  it 
has  reached  tlus  country  only  in  a  newspaper,  yet  it  i«  to  be 
lamented  that  as  much  form  and  evidence  of  authenticity 
have  not  been  required,  iu  an  act  considered  as  furnishing 
cause  for  the  contimiaiice  of  the  Orders  in  Council,  as  an 
act  »hicli  by  the  very  terms  of  these  Orders  challenged 
their  revocation. — The  act  of  the  t>th  of  August,  J  8 10, 
eiuaiiating  froai  the  sovereign  of  FVancc,  oilicially  commu 
Bleated  to  the  British  government,  and  satisfactorily  exi>ouiit: 


f' 


\ 


\ 


If 


1  '  I 


M  I 


*AJ 


'Hi 


1': 


i  ' 


10b 


lUVrOKY  1>»*  1411:  %%  AK. 


:.M 


II  ^ 


!! 
1 

ill! 


i 
ll 

I, 


J 


)'  ■ ! 


L 


ed  nnd  explained  by  the  prftcticnl  commenlft  of  more  tlniij 
e(i;litecii  nii>iitb.s,  Im  d«'iiied  lo  afl'ord  coiivinciiii^  evidence 
ol  die  repeal  of  the  French  Dicree?*,  while  full  |>rouf  ot 
ilieir  continuance  \s  interred  (nun  a  report,  w'mcIi,  from  its 
very  nature,  muNt  contam  the  mere  opinions  and  .specula* 
tiuiiH  of  a  Miihject  uhich  im  destitute  of  all  authority  until  act- 
ed upon  1>\  the  Ijudy  to  which  it  was  presented,  which  has 
found  its  way  hilht-r  in  no  more  aulheiitit  sha(>e  tliaii  the 
columns  of  the  rjonilcur,  and  f(»r  the  proper  understuitd- 
ing  of  which  not  a  moment  has  been  allowed. — BiU  evea 
vere  the  cau.^e  thus  assigited  to  the  report  just,  it  is  Hlilldif« 
ficult  to  discover  what  initt^rence  can  l)e  fairly  deduced  from 
it  iiicompalibie  with  the  previous  declarations  and  cuodoct 
of  the  French  governaient  exemptuif  the  Uaited  States 
from  the  operation  ot  its  Decrees.  The  very  exception  in 
that  report  with  regard  to  nations  who  do  not  sutler  tbeir 
flag  to  i>e  (ienationaiized,  was  undoubtedly  made  with  re- 
tiertnce  to  ilie  U.  States,  and  with  a  view  to  reconcile  tlie 
general  tenor  of  thtt  report  with  tlie  good  forth  wilb  which 
it  became  France  to  observe  the  conventional  repeal  of  those 
DtM'rees  in  their  favor.  However  novel  may  be  the  terms 
em;<loyc'd,  or  whatever  may  be  their  precise  meaning,  they 
ought  to  be  interpreted  to  accord  with  the  engagements  of 
the  French  government,  and  with  justice  and  good  faitb. 

Your  lordship  will,  I  doubt  aoU  iUe  more  readily  ac^ 
knowledge  the  propriety  of  considering  the  report  in  this 
light,  by  a  reference  to  similar  reports  made  to  the  same 
conservative  senate,  on  the  Idth  of  Ilec.  1810,  by  the  duke 
■ot  Cadore  (the  predecessor  of  the  present  French  minister 
of  exterior  relations)  and  by  the  count  de  Simonville.  In 
tbese  reports  they  say  to  the  emperor,  (which*  proves  that 
sucii  reports  are  not  to  be  considered  as  dictated  by  bini) 
*  Sire,  as  long  as  £ngland  shall  persist  in  her  Orders  in 
Council,  so  long  your  majesty  will  persist  in  your  Decrees,' 
and  *  the  Decrees  of  Berlin  atid  Milan  are  an  answer  to 
the  Orders  tn  Cuuncil.  The  British  Cabinet,  hits,  thus  to 
speak,  dictated  them  to  France.  £urope  receives  them 
for  her  code,  nnd  this  code  shall  become  tlie  palladium  of 
the  liberty  ot  the  seas."  Surely,  this  1  mguage  is  as  strong 
as  that  of  the  report  of  the  10th  of  March,  and  still  more 
absolute  ;  lor  there  is  no  quaitication  in  it  in  favor  of  any 
■atiou^  thislanguageiias  bothy  by  aa  explanation  of  the 


HISTORY  or  THK  WAS. 


109 


^ke  of  Cndore  to  me  ni  the  tninc  lime,  and  by  the  nniform 
n>ii(Uu-t  ut  the  Freiifh  ^veritmetit  niitce,  been  reroiiciled 
xv»th  iiie  repeal  of  llieM  Dtxreei,  sotar  m  tbuy  concenied 
l\\e  V'  StsiteJk 

Had  the  Freni'Ii  Decrecu  ori^inall?  afforded  on  adequate 
foiiiubtioii  tor  tbe  Bi'iiiMh  Urtler*  iii  Council,  and  been  con* 
tiiiut'd  after  these  reports,  in  full  force,  and  extent,  irarely, 
dnnng:  a  period  in  winch  above  a  hundred  Amtncan  wes- 
seU  and  their  carg-or»  have  Mien  a  prey  to  thene  Orden, 
mmw  one  solitary  instaKce  of  capture  and  confiNi'alion  oMMt 
hii>e  liap|>encd  under  those  Decrees.  That  do  sucb  in- 
stance has  hapYiened  mcontrovertibly  proven,  either  that 
(lio.se  Decrees  are  of  themselves  liaruileHS,  or  that  they  hnvo 
been  repealed  ;  and  in  either  cme  Ihey  can  afford  noright- 
fiil  plea  or  pretext  for  G.  Britam,for  thcNe  measure*  ot  pre- 
tended retaliation,  whose  sole  efteel  is  to  lay  waste  the  neiK 
tral  commerce  of  America. 

Witli  the  remnant  of  those  Decrees,  which  is  still  in 
force,  and  which  comisIs  of  municipal  regulations,  contined 
in  their  operation  within  ttic  proper  ana  undeniable  jurist 
diction  of  the  States  where  they  are  executed^  tlie  V.  States 
have  no  concern ;  nor  do  they  acknowledge  th..m8elves  to 
be  under  any  political  obligation^  either  to  exanomie  into  the 
«nds  (proposed  to  be  attained  by  this  surviving  portion  of 
tbe  continental  system,  or  to  oppose  their  accompUshuienl. 
Whatever  may  be  intended  to  be  done  in  regard  to  olbec 
naiioiisby  thi&system,  cannot  be  imputed  to  the  U.  State% 
nor  aretlicy  to  be  made  responsible,  while  they  religiou»l|r 
observe  the  obligations  of  their  neutrality  for  the  mode  in 
which  beUigerent  nations  may  choose  toexerci.se  their  pow- 
er, for  the  injury  of  each  other.  When,  however,  these  n** 
tions  exceed  the  just  limits  of  tlieir  power  by  the  invasioH 
of  the  rights  if  peaceful  states  on  the  ocean  which  is  sub- 
ject to  the  coimuon  and  equal  jnrisdidfkNk  of  alt  nations, 
tlie  IT.  States  cannot  remain  indi^rent,  and  by  quietly  con- 
senting to  yiekt  up  their  share  of  thi»  jurisdiction,  abandon 
t^eir  maritnne  rights. — France  has  respected  thexe  hghtft 
by  the  discontimiance  of  her  Edicts  on  the  high  seas^ 
leaving  no  part  of  these  Edicts  in  o|>eration  to  tbe  nijury  of 
the  U,  States;  and  of  course,  no  part  in  which  they  can  be 
suj^posed  to  atcquiesce,  or  against  which  they  can  he  re- 
«|uired  to  contend.     They  ask  G.  Britain,  by  a  like  respect 


l«! 


I 


'•i;.!i: 


II 


S    i 


1  \l  '^ 


'-.I 


'  •  ■  '■  I 

'  Mi' 


ii! 


i; 
'  \  ,1 


w 


It  i» 


'   t 


110 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAS. 


fur  their  righUi,  to  exempt  them  from  the  operation  of  her 
Orders  in  Council.  Should  such  exemption  involve  (lie 
total  practical  extinction  of  these  Orders,  it  will  only  prove 
that  they  were  e;Lclusively  applied  to  the  commerce  uf  the 
U.  Stales,  and  that  they  had  not  a  single  feature  of  rescm- 
bianre  to  the  Decrees,  against  waich  they  are  professed  to 
retaliate. 

It  is  with  patience  and  confidence  that  the  Ignited  States 
have  expected  (his  exemption,  and  to  which  they  belie\ed 
themselves  entitled,  by  all  those  considerations  of  right  and 
promise,  which  I  have  freely  stated  to  your  lordship.   With 
whtit  disappointment,  therefore,  mtist  they  learn  that  G. 
Britain,  in  professing  to  do  away  their  disaffection,  explicit- 
ly avows  her  intention  to  persevere  in  lier  Ordei-s  in  Coun- 
cil, until  some  authentic  act  hereafter  to  be  promulgated  by 
the  French  government,  shall  4eclarethe  Berlin  and  Milan 
Decrees  are  expressly  and  unconditionally  repealed.      To 
obtain  such  aa  act, can  the  United  States  interfere  ?  Would 
such  an  interference  be  compatible  either  with  a  sense  of 
justice,  or  with  what  is  due  to  their  own  dignity  ?  Can  they 
be  expected  to  falsify  their  repeated  declarations  of  their 
satisfaction  with  the  act  of  the  5th  of  August,  1810,  con- 
Armed  by  abundant  evidence  of  its  subsequent  observance, 
and  by  now  affecting  to  doubt  of  the  sufficiency  of  that  act, 
to  demand  another,  which  in  its  form,  its  mode  of  publica- 
laon,  and  its  import,  shall  accord  with  the  requisitions  of  G. 
Britain  ?  And  can  it  be  supposed  that  the  French  govern- 
ment would  listen  to  such  a  proposal  made  under  such  cir- 
cumstances, and  with  such  a  view  ? 
-   While,  therefore,  I  can  perceive  no  reason,  in  the  report 
of  the  French  minister,  of  the  lOlh  of  March,  to  believe  that 
the  U.  States  erroneously  assumed  the  repeal  of  the  French 
Decrees,  to  be  complete  in  relation  to  them  ;  while  aware 
that  the  condition  of  which  the  Orders  in  Council  is  now 
distinctly  made  to  depend,  is  the  total  repeal  of  both  (lie 
Berlin  and  Milan  Decrees,  instead  as  formerly  of  the  Berlin 
Decree  only ;  and  while  I  feel  that  to  ask  the  performance 
iof  this  condition  from  others,  inconsistent  with  the  honor  of 
the  U.  Slates,  and  to  perform  it  themselves  beyond  their 
power ;  your  lordship  will  permit  me  frankly  to  avow  that 
I  cannot  accompany  the  communication  to  my  government, 
<»f  the  declaration  and  Order  in  Council  of  the  21st  of  this 


oisTomr  or  thc  war. 


Ill 


inoiitht  with  any  felicilation  on  the  prodpeci  which  this  mea- 
sure pref«entH  of  an  accelerated  return  of  amity  and  muludl 
confidence  between  the  two  states.  ^^ 

It  IS  with  reul  pain  that  1  make  to  yonr  lordship  this  a- 
vowal,  and  I  will  seek  still  to  confide  in  thf  spirit  which 
yuur  lordship  in  your  note,  and  in  the  conversation  of  this 
morning,  has  been  pleased  to  say  actuates  the  councils  of 
hiH  royal  highness  in  relation  to  America,  and  still  to  cher- 
ish a  hope  that  the  spirit  will  lead,  upon  a  review  of  the 
whole  ground,  to  measures  of  a  nature  lietter  calculated  to 
attain  this  object,  and  that  this  object  will  no  longer  be  made 
to  depend  on  the  conduct  of  a  third  power,  or  contiiigenoies 
over  which  the  U.  States  have  no  controul,  but  alone  u^^on 
the  rights  of  the  U.  States,  the  justice  ofG.  Britain,  aiid 
the  common  interests  of  both. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

JONATHAN  RUSSELL,    i 


Previous  to  the  Declaration  of  War,  Gen.  Hull,  with 
about  two  thousatid  men,  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  De- 
troit.— The  army  arrived  at  the  head  of  Lake  Erie,  about 
tile  time  war  was  declared  ;  and  several  officers,  and  la- 
dies, with  the  baggage  of  the  General  Officers,  proceeded 
down  the  Lake  for  Detroit,  in  a  gun  vessel.  The  British 
received  the  news  of  the  war  before  Gen.  Hull,  and  sent  a 
brig  in  pursuit  of  his  baggage,  which  succeeded  in  caj/tur- 
iiig  the  vessel,  and  earned  her  into  Maiden. — ^The  British 
commander  sent  the  jadies  over  to  Detroit,  in  a  flag  of  truce, 
which  was  the  first  intelligence  they  had  received  of  the 
war.  , 

Gen.  Hull,  afler  concentrating  his  forces,  at  Detroit, 
crossed  over  the  river  to  Sandwich,  and  issued  the  follow- 
ing ainifular  and  extraordinary  Proclamation.  .  ^ 

BY  WILLIAM  HULL, 

Brigadier  General  and  Commander  of  the  North  Western 
Army  of  the  United  iStates  : 
A  PROCLAMATION. 
Inhabitants  of  Canada  ! 

Atter  thirty  years  of  peace  and  prosperity,  the  U.  States 
have  been  driven  to  arms.  The  injuries  and  aggres^jr  us, 
tke  msulLs  and  indignities  of  G.  Britain  have  once  more  left 


; '  * 

» 


1    ' 


'  mi 


Iff    l: 

r 


li!     , 


h 


!itl' 


'  ill 


•!■■ 


I.,  ll 


i^ 


"i 


l! 


k.i    I. 


:       ^1 

If  •  !i 


^  ii 


M! 


■( 


JU 


lUflTOBY  OF  THC  WAI?.. 


4bem  no  altemiitive  liut  roanly  re^isUnce,  or  uacoudilionM 
•dbmMstion.  TKe  army  under  my  cocnaiand  has  invaded 
your  country ;  the  standard  of  the  Union  now  waven  o\er 
the  Itrrttory  of  Can  da.  To  the  fieaceable  unoffietidingr  in. 
habitant,  it  brin|;»  neither  danger  nor  diAicuity.  I  conie  to 
find  enemie*,  not  to  make  them.  1  come  to  protect,  not  to 
injure  you. 

Separated  by  an  immense  ocean  and  an  extensive  wi). 
derness  I'rom  G.  Britain,  jon  liave  no  partici|»Htion  in  her 
«ooiiciit ;  no  interest  in  her  conduct.  Vuu  have  felt  berty. 
ranny  ;  }ou  have  seen  her  injuNtice.  But  1  do  not  a«k  yuu 
lo  avenge  the  one,  or  to  redress  the  other.  The  U.  Stutei 
are  sufficiently  powerful  lo  aft' ird  every  security,  consistent 
R'lth  their  rights  and  your  expectations.  1  tender  yon  tlit 
invaluable  blessing  of  civil,  political,  and  religious  liberiy, 
and  their  necessary  result,  individual  and  general  prosper!. 
ty  ;  that  liberty  which  gave  decision  tu  our  councils,  and 
energy  to  our  conduct  in  a  struggle  for  mdependence, 
which  conducted  us  safely  and  trtuniphantly  thrrvuuh  the 
stormy  period  of  the  revolution — that  liberty  which  has  nii<)> 
ed  us  to  an  elevKited  rank  among  the  nations  of  the  world ; 
and  which  aiforded  ns  a  greater  measure  of  peace  arwl  .se- 
curity, of  weftHh  and  improvement,  than  ever  fell  to  tlie  lot 
of  any  people.  In  the  name  of  my  country,  and  the  riu> 
thonty  of  government,  I  promise  you  protection  to  your 
persons,  property,  and  rights ;  remain  atyonr  homes ;  pursue 
your  peaceful  and  customary  avocations;  raise  not  \uiir 
hands  against  your  brethren.  Many  of  your  fathers  fought 
for  the  freedom  and  independence  we  now  enjoy.  Beinjj 
childi'i?n  therefore  of  the  same  family  with  us,  and  heirs  to 
the  same  heritage,  the  arrival  of  an  army  of  friends  nnisl 
be  haikd  by  you  with  a  cordial  welcome.  —You  will  be 
emancipated  from  tyranny  and  oppre»»sion,  and  restored  to 
the  digntfied  station  of  freedom.  Had  1  any  doubt  oi 
eventual  success,  I  might  ask  yonr  assistance,  but  1  do  not. 
I  come  prepared  for  every  contingency — I  have  a  force 
which  will  break  down  all  opposition,  and  that  force  is  ui 
the  van-guard  of  a  much  greater. — If,  contrary  to  your  own 
interest  and  the  just  expectations  of  my  country,  you  should 
take  part  in  the  approaching  contest,  you  will  be  coiisi<lor- 
ed  and  treated  as  enemies,  and  the  hoiTors  an<l  caiaini^et^ 
M'  war  will  stalk  before  vou.     If  tlie  barbarous  and  savus^e 


.Mmit:- 


■iSTOftY  OP  TRK  WAJL 


im 


poliC)  of  G.  Britain  be  pursued,  and  the  Mvaget  are  Ul 
loo  e  to  murder  our  citizens  aiul  butcher  our  woneo  and 
clniUreiif  Mtf  wmr  tvUi  be  a  war  uj'  exUnrwunaiUm,  Tbi 
tiret  stroke  of  the  tomahawk^— the  first  attempt  with  the 
scalping  knife,  will  be  thfl  signal  of  one  inJiscriuaiinale 
scene  of  desolation.  No  white  mnn  found  fighting  b>  the 
tide  of  an  ludiaii  wi.l  lie  taken  prisoner— instant  death  wtll 
be  his  lot.  If  the  dictates  of  reason*  duty,  iustice,  and  hu- 
manity, cannot  prevent  the  employ meut,  of  a  force  which 
respects  no  rights,  and  knows  no  wrong,  it  will  be  prevents 
ed  ')y  a  severe  and  relentless  system  of  retaliation.  I  doubt 
not  your  courage  and  firmness— I  wU  not  doubt  your  at- 
tachment to  liberty.  If  you  tender  your  services  volunta- 
rily, they  will  be  accepted  readily.  Tlie  U.  States  otter 
you  peace,  liberty,  aud  security,  i  our  choice  lies  between 
these  and  war,  slavery  aud  destruction. — Chouse  then  ;  but 
choose  wisely  ;  and  may  He  who  knows  the  justice  of  uur 
cause,. and  who  holds  in  his  hand  the  fate  of  nations,  guide 
you  to  a  result  the  most  compatible  with  your  rights  aud 
iQl«rcsts,^ov»V  peace  and  happiness. 
', ;  <..,,M  ,   ..,     By  the  General,.;,,.^.,  ,/.,^,.;i  ..    .,,...  4 

'*ii.-    'mI;    "•;'   v'iHi;       ,   '.i  {  f.  >/         "••    *•    "^'^t  t 

Captain  ofUui  V3ih  UnUed  States*  regiment  vj  infantry,  ., 

and  Aid^-camp^  ^ 
Head-quarterst  Sandwich,  Jnly  12,  1812.  , 

On  the  10th  of  Jujy,  Colonels  Gass  and  Miller,  aUempt* 
ed  to  surprise  a  British  post,  300  strong,  at  a  bridge  about 
five  miles  from  Maiden. — ^They  were  discovered  by  the 
British,  and  after  a  slight  skirmish,  the  enemy  retreated* 
leaving  eleven  men  killed  and  wounded,  on  the  field  ;  our 
troops  returned  to  head-quarters,  at  Sandwich,  and  the 
British  re-pasted  themselves  again,  at  the  bridge.  On  the 
19th  and  24th  there  was  considerable  skirmishiDg,  witk 
tr itl ill g  success,  on  either  side — our  loss  was  six  men  killed 
and  wounded — the  British  and  Indians,  lost  sixteen  killed^ 
and  several  wounded. 

Soon  after  General  f  lull  had  crossed  from  Detroit,  into 
Canada,  and  had  issued  his  Proclamation,  the  greater  part 
of  Ike  militia  of  the  neighboring  country  gave  theiBselvte 

15 


f ' ' 


r ; 


lit 


{  , 


It  I 


irttrr^pY  rtr  Tirt  WAH. 


\ii 


Mil  i 


i 


I 

,    i 
i    i.i 

Ml 
ii  ■ 


'     : 


i; 


Jl 


b/»  to  hi«  ptr^t^mrr,  <»f  reltmwsV  hi.m«  f»«iic«il»ly,  reMolvin^ 
te^  fttMhftncMifnil,  Hi  tll«<cmi^Ht. — L^irji^e  IhmIkk  uI  lh«  wv- 
ttf^  IriUi**  HVh^l  thtfir*  *M*vir^  h>G«ii.  Hull,  previoiH  to 
liH  le^viiii^  Detroit,  hit  he  in^hn«d  them  ilifit  ne  wua  i.ot 
IMtfhorif^^ft  to  acei*))!'  theril,  tvftd  wished  them  to  rHiiinin  wj. 
lent  il|>^t)itijfM,  milt  'iio> ' ^ii|||*A^e  «ii  etiher  Hide;  but  tlim 
Wsi"*  not  rtieif  choice— thev  immedml*'»y  cn»h*'d  over  to 
MnWeh,  wh^i^  lh#V  ^Vrfe  jifMM?|>l»'d,  mid  prtt  mto  nervier  by 
llie  Britivft:  whWn  nrcnimhiiK'e  oonlribwted  Inr^ely  in 
f}yfr'ht*<>W  Q^ii.  Ilidl,  m  Wilt  i>e  Hten  by  ihe  oAoiai  aeeouiii 

<6t  his  tu^lltktiiiUl^l.  '  **'  '«•''''';«  f.^Jilirid;  hns:  -nj  vi^i  ii  ^<t  l»a 

•''  SfR— IhaVe  ti'.thoiior  Uiiidorrn  vmi,  thMton  Ihe  KHh 
ihs1<ull,at  2  P:  Al.  bfeiiicr  itt  laiitiiOeVl.  422^  hm|rrhide  64, 
41'4,  viith  the  €i)MNMiition,  tiitder  tin  conitiiMid,  a!<Hil  w>m 
tliMtovered  from  the  n^asttiend  beaim^  E.  hs  &.  or  Ei  S  E. 
biit  ut  such  a  distiince  we  cmi^d  in>t  I**!! ;  \fhHt  xlie  uas. 
Ail  sail  was  instantly  nimie- ill  rhaHe,  nini^Huoii  found  sie 
csm^  u|>  iv ith  her.  At  5  Pi  M.  could  pluiiily  see  that  she 
\vaM  a  shi^  Oil  tliie  slurhinir^t  tiirk^imder  v.t»^  Nail^  elfMM\  un 
a  t^Vhd ;  at  half  pant  3  P.  M.  uinde  her  uut  to  he  a*  fi'igaie  ; 
Goiitiiiueii  the  iAfiSft  until  Ate  \%ere  within  al>Out  three  iniles, 
uh^nr  I*  ordered  the  ti&fht  sails  taken  in,  the  courses  haiiUd 
up,  and  the  ship  cleared  i'ur  action.  At  this  time  th  cliiise 
liiidf  bad>^d  hi!t  tTV]riVi-'«d})Aai!,>Vti(iti^i^bor  ns  to  cume  down. 
^Ai«^on  lis  thr  €otMtitnti<>n  was  r^ady  fop  aotioi^  i  bore 
^dwri  Wi'th  an  iiitentyor.  obrin^hiiti  to  elose  action  iinme* 
tKMcIv;  but  on  oiireoinbrg  witlitn  giSii-sh<il!  i«he  g>i\e  um  a 
'bfiSiijds^de-r.  and  filed  away^  and  wore,  ^^in^  us  a  broud- 
'iWle  ori' the  lifliertacW,  bat  without  eflR*cl ;  her  shot  tailing 
^ort.  She  cahtiriltfetl  wearing  and  inaiio>vreing  for  abtait 
^htt'e  fjtihnersf  of  sin  hoiiri  to  ^*^i  a  rakingf  position,  but 
%itdrttg^  ifhte'cottid' iitrt,  she  bore  up,  and  run  under  ht^r  tof)- 
«ail»  and  gib,  with  the  wind  on  the  quarter.  Inmiediately 
made  sail  to  bnns^  the  ship  up  with  her,  and  d  minutes  be> 
fore  six,  P.  M.  bein^  alon^rde  within  halt'  pistol  shot,  we 
commenced  a  heavy  fire  from  all  our  <jur»s,  double  slioHed 
*wiUi  round  and  gi*«t)ei  and  so  well  drtecled  wtreihev,  ai  «l 
'9b  %'^annly  kept  up,  that  iii  15  minutes  his  mizen-mast  went 


H|9T0aY  9F  SUM  W4|l« 


l«A 


\  I 


bv  the  honnl,  aiiU  Iiih  maui  v«rU  mi  lUe  ulinipl*  aiMl4l^)  hull, 

n^K"'l?*  ^"^'  ^*''^  ^"^y  ii>i*<*^*  *^''"  ^  |*MM  «»•  TUr  tint  «r:ii 
k.,)«  ufi  wtlb  -titiiiiil  wartnll^  iur  lii  i|iiumU:«  l<M%rr,  HJivf^ 
hiN  iuaiOitt«i»i  itiiU  tort*- ui4Nl  wimU,  Ului*|{  w|Ui  Ummu  vvecy 

liriiitf*  NoUittl  111  dU  luiiiutfii  <»|lar  we.g;(»t  4^ri>  «U>uf«iUo 

Uie  eiieiii>,«b(;  kuri'cDiltsrviif  aiiU  hiiU  iiul  ««|MM'  fiUfiiliM){r 

aiulhc-r  liiitl,  beluw  ami  alKive  WHifir,  ^ankMloreil,   ihui  f^: 

f(  w  «iiure  bruii(lMi(k;.H  niusl  Iihvc  cMTi«Mi  jMirdow^. 

Ai-^i  iut'QriiunK  ^ouM)'<iiL«o  Hi»e  uy|i^4^Hi|r>Ou«;irnfr^,C9fn- 

niamiedby  tti)  able  mtd  cK|>ei'iciivcii  ««lii«i'r«  ^kMM:#)  MhUJ' 

UiHinaMied,  and  uUiMnf'ive  rui  (A>^H*c«)K»'4iaiiAo  lMllU^l<tir  iiojt 

worlh  iowiu^  Mitu  |>oiii,  iiUhe  HburVHpii<'<t;  0jl  lU)  iuiu^Qe»,}MU 

caiibuve  no  d(*MU  ot  ihe  |(albuiiry  imid  (f^(>^  qpiMliiiU  «>!' Ijb(^ 

omct TK  and  «Uip\  con^mii  v  <I  b^v*^  |i>ti  Imuur  iu  coimM'MMli 

it  u  4^  r«;iuaiu»,  ihcrefoii«9,  t'ur  iii«  U>  aKKUff  >^4im,  tb)4  ^>  f^^l' 

t'u  tgiit  with  gf^aX  biuver^  ;  and  A  gfv^wAut:  g»€t$t  |4i9ftMur)U. 

b)  sa^,  tliat  truiii  ibe  ^Mw^UeHt  Ji>oy  iin  l4>^  ^i^i  >li>llHi  lUtiM 

seauMiii,  uol  a  iook  vf  ^Viw  ww*  ttfonu    Ttitiy  #U  <N^<44^  tlll^ 

action,  i^viuy^  <Uir^  clieerit  di^d  i<'fique!«tie4  io?b«  Ui4  fUoog 

4td«)4iie  enemv.  ■■    •  ,  ••  -    •*      "s  •     .n     -Ii 

;i[Jm>W  tl)«;)|0iWH-4(»Ai|e,:^,.,.-)    ..I  i.MU  ...if    i^ir 

U'. •n-jii •/,}'•;'.;•  >'i  /'••■•:  -'■*  v^   ,t.-t;.J3AAC:W^l^l<«-A 

f'oii  ,.'h  "(.)•»  iw:  1    AW^'*''*^4JJI  J*Qh8if;;)  -finlJ  htm  .•Io-'R'jt 

Killed  7 — woHMUttdTv  !'/.»•  •  /mj>  l,-|  ',i!| 

iiLt  the  <l!ourl  a|)CimUon  Uo^iifQ*  ,lh^  ^d  diiv  ^f  .Aim?» 
pEeHeiil,  jIm  royaiJ^^unibofKgyilbe  vrii'>G<e  i.'«ig^Mt  iiMHHr^'il*  r;f> 

ed  to  dacivu'Qf  i"tt|M2  ,iAmi(i«,AOfi  <H^jb.(i4MU^,oti^«:fiiiu^^y«  ^ 
the  21M  f)t'  4pril.  4aiii«  *  T^i^  if  ttilmiy^iRM)  iUer^iMN-*  Mtf^ 
Berhn  aiidJIijanJjiiecrv^li  i^U  ,i)y  ^pm«  )iMlhRi]^4iC^oMf 
theJTreucii  gr.0V:^niweut„pu^(ic();  ipi;qniulgate4tibti'»Mi|t»r 
ly  %ud  |[|acoi<4ttioii»Jly  rfifiieMNk  tb^M*  fiod  trom  Mi^iM}«»iU)e 
Ord^rin  Cpmicil  4>t'/lbe  7tb  f)f  Jfanuasy:*  /|^7,  iwifl  M»^  Or<- 
dei- in  .C9«UM}il  pt  tb«>^ath  of  April,  Itmil^.  f)i»U  WA^b^^l 
any  fqrtber  !Oi'd«r,  btf,  and  4lie  ^ame  af e  < b«««rby  i^«;(;|£w;qA 
from  thencefortfi,^^  bie  »«Ml;y^nd  JiM«^§iy>mvj«k,§flf*  .-n  i . 

*  Supposed  to  have  gone  overboard  nilh  the  inaUi, 


l.f 


.!) 


rU 


1^ '  ■  liiiiif 


116 


UlSTOmY  OF  THV  WAB. 


1^ 


CI       I    > 


,...,;(  ;,|: 


li  '•■  '    H 


hMn 


ui 


And  whcrtM  the  ch%t^  d'nfffiin  of  the  (T.  State*  6f 
Americn,  reHiilent  fitthiN  Court,  Hul,  on  the  21  hi  dav  ot  May 
laiit,  tranamit  to  lord  vinroiint  Cantlereagh,  one  of  hn  ma- 
jea(y*i«  principal  lecretanet,  a  copy  of  n  certain  instrument, 
then  fdr  the  ftmt  time  commontcaled  to  thiw  Court,  miqv 
tinip  to  lie  a  Decree  |>awicd  by  the  gpovcrnment  otrraitce, 
on  the  3Nth  of  April,  I VII,  by  which  the  Dtrrem  ot  Berlin 
and  Milan  are  declared  to  he  detiiiitely  iio  longer  in  forc« 
ill  re(^ard  to  American  vea«ielN : 

And  whereas  his  royal  highness,  the  prince  regfent,  a|. 
though  he  cannot  cunstder  the  tenor  of  said  instrument  as 
satisfyinfl;  the  conditions  set  forth  in  the  said  Order  of  the 
21  St  of  April  last,  upon  which  the  said  Orders  wert'  to  ccrho 
•nd  determine,  is  nevertheles-s  disposed,  on  his  part,  to  take 
such  measures  as  may  tend  to  re-establish  the  intercourse 
between  neutral  and  belligerent  iiationN,  upon  its  accustomed 
principles,  his  roval  highness,  the  prince  regent,  ir.  the  name 
and  on  the  behal*  of  his  nijesty,  is  therefore  plensed,  by  and 
With  the  acTrke  of  his  majesty*!  privy  •  ouncil,  to  order  and 
declare,  And  (t  in  hertO}  ordereit  and  declared,  thai  the  Or- 
der in  Council  bearing  date  the  7th  day  of  January*  1S07, 
and  the  Order  in  Council  bearing  date  the  26th  day  of 
April,  1809.  be  revoked,  so  far  as  may  regard  Amencaa 
vessels  and  their  cargoes,  t>eing  American  property,  from 
the  1st  dny  of  August  next. 

But  whereas  by  certaiti  acts  of  the  government  of  the 
IT.  StateN  of  America,  all  British  armed  vessels  are  exclud- 
td  from  the  harbors  and  waters  of  the  said  U.  States,  the 
armed  vessels  of  Prance  being  permitted  to  enter  therein, 
and  the  commercial  mtercourse  between  G  Britain  and  the 
Said  U.  States  is  interdicted,  the  commercial  intercourse 
l)elween  France  and  the  said  U.  States  having  been  i-estor- 
td  t  his  royal  highness,  the  prince  regent  is  pleased  hereby 
further  to  declare,  in  the  name  and  on  the  b^alf  of  his  ma- 
jesty, that  if  the  government  of  the  said  U.  States  shall  not 
as  soon  as  may  m,  after  this  order  shall  have  been  duly 
notified  by  his  majesty's  minister  '.a  America  to  the  said 
government,  revoke  or  cause  to  be  revoked  the  said  acts, 
this  present  Order  shall  in  that  case,  after  clear  notice  signi- 
'fied  by  his  majesty V  minister  in  America,  to  the  said  gov- 
ernment, be  thenceforth  null  and  of  no  effect. 


.ikPh'.   i^i  l\J:  J'.  ij-UHvi't-j-: 


jif'  \-\  y,<M^-  «v  j^n'*i 


msTORY  OF  Tlir  WAl. 


117 


tt  H  ftirthar «  n1rrr«(  hiwI  (tf^rinrffl,  (hnl  all  Amrririin  vn. 
«eh  «  <J  Ihfir  cnrjjoi's,  l»f  inif  Am^rimn  proprrty,  lh«l  nhall 
ht»c  bwn  c«plnriMl  siiliHerpipnth  lotlio  2H»hof  Mny  laM,  for 
A  iNfach  of  lh»'  :ifnn'M«id  Orcfen  »f>  Coniicil  n!«nt',  find 
wbit'h  xhnll  not  Imvc  hot'w  actuiilly  oofMifmuifvl  hefort-  the 
(late  of  lliii*  Onler,  ami  ilntt  ;ill  sliipt  mul  rai-jfocJi  n«tafore- 
Mid.that  fihull  henceioHh  ♦>«*  ca[»fnr#fi  nndtr  IIh*  wild  Or- 
ders prior  to  the  Isl  »|j»v  ol  A»!;usl  n^Nt,  Hlinll  irot  b**  pro- 
ceeded against  to  r«>fidi'm"!«tioii.  until  further  orderN,  hut 
nhall,  in  the  event  of  thu  <  M'drr  luH  luoinuiifi;'  null  and  of  no 
(ifert,  in  the  case  aforesnui,  bt*  forthwith  hl)erflt»'d  and  re- 
sloral,  snbject  to  Aiirh  reaNonabte  expeiireM  on  the  p:irt  of 
the  caj>tor»,  as  shall  have  been  jnslly  incurred.  ■ 

Provided  that  nothiri*;:  m  the  Order  coiitaiiied  re9|)eftin|r 
the  revoratinii  of  the  Orders  herein  mentioned,  »hall  be 
hiken  to  revive  wholly,  or  in  part,  the  Orders  in  Cou«ril  uf 
tlie  nib  of  November,  1807,  or  any  other  Order  not  herein 
mentioned,  or  to  deprive  parties  of  any  lejfal  renieily  to 
which  they  may  be  entitled,  under  the  Order  in  Council,  of 
the  2 1st  of  April,  1812. 

His  royal  nighness,  the  prince  regent  is  hereby  pleased 
fortlier  to  declare,  in  the  name  and  o:«  the  behalf  of  his  ina« 
jesty,  that  tiothing  in  the  present  Order  contained  shall  b€ 
understood  to  preclude  his  royal  highness,  the  prince  regent, 
if  circamstaiices  shall  so  require,  from  r*st«)ring,  after  rea- 
sonable notice,  the  Orders  of  the  7th  uf  January,  1807,  and 
th  26th  of  April,  1809,  or  any  part  thereof,  to  their  full 
effect,  or  from  taking  such  other  measures  of  retaliation 
against  the  enemy,  as  may  appear  to  his  royal  highness  to  be 
just  and  necessary.  ••^'*<*  •-"*»  '"'iJ  »<i  to  Jvo'1  ■■!** 

And  the  right  honorable  the  lords  commissioners  of  his 
majesty's  treasury,  his  majesty's  pnncipal  secretaries  of  state, 
the  lords  commissioners  of  the  Admiralty  and  the  Judge 
•f  the  high  Court  of  Admiralty,  and  the  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Vice  Admiralty,  are  to  take  the  necessary  mea- 
sures herem,  as  to  them  may  respectively  appertain.  « 


I** 


iJlUt/ 


Gen.  Hull  to  the  Secretary  of  War.  '  ^ 

JVloMTREAL,  Sept.  8lh,  1812. 
^!R — ^The  inclosed  dispatch  was  prepared  on  my  arri- 
va    if  Fort  George,  and  it  was  my  intention  to  hove  for- 
warded it  from  that  place  by   Major  Witherell,  of  the 


II 


I ' 


'4 


>,i 


li 


.  I     I 


..    i'  i' 


$ 


>.J. 


-  ( 


d 


m:  • 


['  i ' 


ni  \'\ 


118 


msTomr  of  thb  wak. 


<l  I' 

•  I  i' 


.1}  i 


i-;  ; 


■'  I 


{li 


'■( 


.1  ■' 


Michii^an  vohinteers.    I  made  applicatioa  to  the  com. 


sUlini 


i^i^rdiitg  officer  at  that  pout,  and  was  refuHed  ;  be 
that  he  wan  not  authorised,  and  Gen.  Brock  was  thf  ii  at 
Y«»rk.  We  were  immediately  embarked  for  this  place, 
and  Major  Witherell  obtained  liberty  at  Kingston  to  g« 
home  Oil  p:irole. 

This  M  ike  first  opportunity  1  have  bad  4o  forward  the 
diripatches.  ,    i 

The  fourth  U.  States' regiment  is  destined  for  Q^uebec, 
with  a  part  of  the  first.  The  wiiok  consist  of  a  littb;  over 
tliree  hundred 

Sir  iierorge  Prevost,  without  any  request  on  ay  part, 
has  offered  to  take  oi}  parole,  and  permit  jne  to  proceed  U 
theStates.         .,  ,«;,,■.,  ..    •,;  ..   ,.,;.•  •,!.,/., .M 

Lieut.  Anderson,  of  the  eigbAi  regiment,  is  the  bearer  of 
my  dispatches.  He  was  formerly  a  Lieut,  in  the  Artilki^, 
and  resigned  his  commissioh  on  account  of  being  appuiut- 
ed  Marslial  of  the  Territ<»ry  of  Michigan.  During  the 
Campaign  he  has  ha4  a  command  m  the  Ar.tillery  ;  «iHt( 
recomiueiid  hiin  to  you  as  a  valuable  officer.  /  ;.,  i  m-  ^<a 
•  He  IS  pai'ticulai'ly  acquainted   willi  tbe  state  of  things 

freviouR,  and  at  4he  time  n^n  4he  c»ipitulation  took  place. 
l4^  will  be  able  to  give   you   correct   intbrmation   on  aov 
{K>ii»ts,  about  wJiich  you  may  think  proper  to  enquire, 

1  am,  very  respecifuUy,  &c. 
f.   :       V  r  ,       ,  WILLIAM  HULL. 

)!  v  ,  „.j,,  ,,.,,    .     DISPATCH. 

J'ort  Gewge,  August  26,  1812. 
!S]R — ^Inclosed  are  Ihe  articles  of  capitulation,  by  whicb 
the  Fort  of  Detroit  has  been  surrendered  to  Major>Geiierat 
firix'k,  commanding  bis  Britannic  JMajetity's  forces  m  Up- 
{>ei  Canada,  and  by  winch  the  troops  have  become  prisoners 
ot  war.  My  situation  at  present  forbids  me  from  detailing 
4he  particttiar  causes  which,  have  led  to  t^is  unfortunul£ 
event.  I  will,  however,  generally  observe,  ihat  after  ibe 
surrender  of  Michiluiiackinac,aknast  every  tribe  and  nation 
of  Indians,  excepting  a  part  ot  the  Miamiesaiid  Delawares, 
north  irom  beyond  Lake  Superrar,  west  from  beyond  the 
]V1  ississippi,  south  from  the  Ohio  and  Wabash,  and  east  from 
every  part  oV  Upper  Canada,  and  from  ail  the  Htteunediate 
coutiti'y,  joined  in  o\Hin  iiostiiity  under  the  British  standardf 
againtt  the  army  1  comoianded,  contrary  to  the  ipo^t  (ioJeii)« 


nisTORT  OF  m  wiou 


ll» 


^urences  of  »  iHr^e  portion  of  then;  to  remain  neutml ; 
fvfi)  the  OUiiwA  CheifR  froni  Abercrulch,  who  foniMMl  the 
delat^alion  to  Wa.shin^oti  the  last  Nunimer,  in  whoae  friend- 
ship I  know  you  had  i^eat  confidenoe.  are  anionic  the  hos- 
lile  tribes  and  several  of  them  dinlinguishe^  lemderi. 
Amonu^  the  vast  number  of  chiefs  who  led  the  hostile  bands, 
Tecumseh,  Marplot,  Lotran,  Walk-ui  tlie-waler,  Splitrliii]^» 
kc.  are  considered  the  principals.  This  nuoierouN  iiMM-m- 
blaG^e  of  savages,  under  the  entire  influence  and  direetion 
of  the  British  commander,,  enabled  hiiu  totally  to  obsinid 
the  only  communication  which  I  had  with  my  coii.itry. 
Thin  communication  had  been  opened  from  the  st.'ttlements 
in  the  state  of  Ohio,  two  hundred  miles  tlirou{|rii  a  wiider- 
netts,  by  the  fatigues  of  the  army,  which  I  marched  to 
the  frontier  on  the  river  Detroit.  The  body  of  the  Lake  be- 
ing commanded  by  the  British  armed  shipsy  and  lite  shores 
and  rivers  by  fj^un-boats,  ^>e  army  was  totally  deprived  of  all 
communication  by  water.  On  this  extensive  road  tt  depend- 
Cfi  for  trans|)ortation  of  provisions,  military  stores,  medichtc, 
clothing*  aud  every  other  supply,  on  pack«lM>rses — all  its 
operations  were  successful  until  its  arri\al  at  Dt;troiky-^n  a 
few  days  it  passed  into  the  enemy^s  eowUry,.  and  ail  opiH>- 
sition  segued  to-  fall  before  it.  One  mor.th.  it  remained  m 
possession  of  this  country,,  and  was  fed  from  its  resources. 
Ill  diflerent  directions  detachments  penetrated  sixty  miles 
in  the  settled  part  of  the  province,  and  the  inhabitants  seenoi^ 
ed  satisAed  with  tlie  change  of  situation,  whi<  ^h  appeared  to> 
be  taking  place*~-the  militia  from  Amltertsbiirg  were  daily 
deserting,  and  the  whole  country^  then,  nnder  the  coutroit 
of  the  army,  was  asking  for  protectioiu  The  Indians  gen- 
erally, in  the  iirsl  instance,. appeared  to  be  neutralized,  and 
determined  to  take  no  patt  in  the  contesL. 

The  fort  of  Aniherstburgh  Aas  eighteen  miles  below  my 
encampment.  Not  a-  single  cannon  or  mortar  was  on 
wheeiN  suitable  to  carry  before  that  place.  I.  consulted  my 
otlicers  whethen  it  was  expedient  to  make  an<  attempt  on  it 
yi  iU  the  bayonet  alone,  without  cannon  to  make  a  breach  in 
thr  first  instance..  The  couneil  I'  called  was  of  opinion  it 
was  not. — The  greatest  industry  was  exerted  in  making 
preparation,  and  it  was  not  until  the  7lh  of  August,  that  two 
24-*)onnders,  aud  three  howitzers  wtre  prejiared.  It  was 
then  my  intention  to  have  proceeded  on  the  eutej'prise.— - 


iii   ^ 


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120 


BISTORT  or  THE  WAR. 


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While  the  operatioiiH  of  the  army  were  delayed  by  these 
pre|>ar>ftti<iiH  the  cloiiiiv  ot  adversity  had  been  <or  .s<»me  m**, 
and  Heemedhtdl  thickly  to  he  iralherinuf  aroiMd  me.  Tii« 
surrender  ot  Michilimackinar  ofieiied  the  noiiliern  hiv>  o( 
Indians,  and  they  Wf-re  Hwarniin*>  down  in  *-very  directioii. 
KeiidurcementM  t'rum  Niaifum  had  arrived  at  Ainhf  rstbiir^ 
Hiider  the  conimartd  of  Col.  Prortor.  The  dt'sertion  ot  the 
uiihlia  ceaHe<l.  Bi  sides  the  reinforreni(  iits  that  came  i>v 
water,  I  received  information  of  a  very  tonsiderable  force 
Milder  the  command  of  Major  Chanit>ers,  on  the  river  L« 
French,  wit!*  four  tield-pieces,  and  collecting  the  militia  ua 
bis  route,  eTidently  destined  for  Amher.Htbur^ ;  and  in  nd- 
dition  to  this  combination,  and  increase  uf  force,  contrary  l« 
all  my  expectatiohs,  the  W\a>.dots,  Citi|t|»ewaN,  Ottawas, 
Potawattamies,  Mnnsees,  Dehi wares,  ^c.  with  whom  1  had 
the  most  tVieiully  intercourse,  at  once  passed  over  to  Atu- 
herstburg-,  and  accepted  the  tomahawk  and  scalping'  knife. 
There  being  now  a  vast  number  of  Indians  at  the  British 
post,  they,  were  sent  to  the  river  Huron,  BrownstowM,  and 
j)|ffagua^o,  to  intercept  my  comnuinicution.  To  open  this 
commamcatiun,  1  detached  Major  Yahhorn,  of  the  iih>» 
Tolunteers,  with  two  huitdred  men  to  proceed  as  far  as  the 
river  Raisin,  under  an  expectation  that  he  would  ntiret  Capt. 
Brush  with'  150  volunteers  from  Ohio,  and  a  quantUy  uf  |»ro- 
irision  for  the  army.  An  ambuscade  was  formed  at  Bi'uwii9< 
town,  and  Major  Vaiihorn's  detiicliment  defeated  and  re- 
turned to  camp  without  etfectin»  the  objector  the  expedition. 
In  my  letter  of  the  7lh  inst.  you  have  the  particulars  of 
thai  transaction,  with  areturn  of  the  killed  and  woundfd. 
Under  this  sudden  and  unexpected  change-  of  things,  and 
having'  received  an  express  from  Ge.ieral  Hali,  cununaiui- 
ki(^  opposite  the.  British  shore  on  the  P^iaj^ara  river,  by 
which  it  appeared  that  there  was  no  prospect  of  any  co-op- 
erution  from  that  quarter,  and  the  two  senior  officers  of  the 
artillery  having'  stated  to  mean  opinion  that  it  woulU  ht 
extremely  diflicult,  if  not  impossible,  to  pass  the  Turkey 
river  and  river  Anx>Caunard,  with  the  24  pou  ders,  and 
that  they  could  not  be  transported  by  water,  as  the  Queen 
Charlotte  winch  carried  eiirhteen  24  pounders,  la\  i.i  I  le 
river  Detroit  above  the  mouth  of  the  river  Aux-C;iiiiiar(i; 
and  as  it  appeared  indispensibly  necessary  to  open  the  c  » ii« 
.inuiHcation  t(9  the   river  Uaisiu   and  the  Miami,  I   toumi 


fliSTOBY  OP  TBX  WAB. 


Itl 


ittV^cir  compelled  to  suspend  llie  operation  against  Ani- 
Iit-rHll'iir^,  and  concenlrute  Uie  ntaiti  force  of  the  armv  at 
Dtlroit.  Fully  iiUending^,  at  that  time,  after  the  cummn- 
iiic.ition  was  opened,  to  re-cros«  the  river,  and  pursue  the 
object  at  AnjlR-r.>>tl>urg^,  and  strongly  desirous  of  continuing 
jirutection  to  a  very  large  number  of  the  inhabitants  of 
V\t\ni'  Cjirjiida,  who  had  voluntarily  accepted  it  imder  my 
};rcclamation,  I  established  a  fortress  on  the  banks  of  the 
ruer,  a  liltle  below  D*'troil,  c  ilculated  for  a  garrison  of 
three  hundred  men.  On  ti;e  evening  of  the  7tl),  and  morn- 
iii<rof  the  8lh  inst.  the  army,  excepting  the  garrison  of  250 
jiifaiilry,  and  a  corps  of  artillerists,  all  under  the  command 
oi' Major  Denny,  of  the  Ohio  volunteers,  re-crossed  the  riv- 
er, and  encamped  at  Detroit.  In  pursuance  of  the  object 
fti' opening  the  communication,  on  wltich  I  considered  the 
existence  of  the  army  depending,  a  detachment  of  six  hun- 
dred men,  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Colonel  Miller  wast 
itnuiedialely  ordered.  For  a  particular  account  of  the 
pH'Ceedings  of  this  detachment,  and  the  memorable  battio 
which  was  fought  al  IMaguago,  which  reflects  the  highest 
honor  on  the  American  arms,  1  refer  you  to  my  letter  of 
liie  13lh  of  August,  a  duplicate  of  which  is  enclosed,  in 
this.  Nothing  however  but  honor  was  acquired  by  this 
victory  ;  and  it  is  a  painful  consideration,  that  'the  blood 
of  seventy-five  gallant  men  could  only  open  the  communi- 
cntion  as  far  as  the  points  of  their  bayonets  extended. 
The  necessary  rare  of  the  sick  and  wounded,  and  a  verv 
severe  slorm  of  rain,  rendered  their  return  to  cantp  indis- 
pensably necessary  for  their  own  coml'ort.  Captain  Brush, 
with  his  small  detachment,  and  the  provisions,  being  still  at 
the  river  Raisin,  and  in  a  situation  to  be  doslroycd  by  the 
savages,  on  the  13th  inst.  in  the  evening,  I  permitted 
Colonels  M'Arlhur  and  Cass  to  select  from  their  regiment 
four  hundred  of  their  most  eff'ective  men,  and  proceed  an 
upper  route  through  the  woods,  which  I  had  sent  an  express 
toCapt.  Brush  to  take,  and  had  directed  the  militia  of  the 
river  R.aisin  to  accompany  him  as  a  reinforcement.  The 
force  of  the  enemy  continually  increasing,  and  the  neces- 
sity of  opening  the  communication,  and  acting  on  the  de- 
fensive, becoming  more  apparent,  I  had,  previous  to  de- 
taching Colonels  M' Arthur  and  Cass,  on  the  11th  inst. 
evacuated  and  destroyed  the  fort  on  the  opposite  bank. 

10 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


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"On  the  13lh,  in  Ihe  evening,  Gen.  Brock   arrived  at  Aui- 
'  lierslbiirg'  about  the  hour  Colonels  M' Arthur  and  CaMJ 
marched,  of  which  ut  thnt  lime  I  had  received  no  informa 
tion.     On  the  loth,  1  received   a  summons  from   iiiiu  to| 
.,'  surrender  fort  Detroit,  of  which  I  herewith  enclose  yon 
,'  copy,  together  with  my  answer.     At  this  time  I  had  receiv.  I 
^'  ed  no  information  from  Colonels  M' Arthur  and  Cass.     Ai, 
■  '  express  was  immediately  sent,  strongly  escorted,  with  or- 
ders for  them  to  return. 

On  the  Itilli,  as  soon  as  General  Brook  received  my  lei. 

r' tcr,  his  batteries  opened  on  the  town  and  fort,  and  coiilinti. 

'^ed  until  evening.     In  the  evening  all  the    British   shii>s  o|| 

..M'ar  came  nearly  as  far  up  the   river  as  Sandwich,  tlirci- 

'  miles  below  Detroit.     At  daylight  on  the  IGtIi,   (at  whidi 

time  I  had  received  no  information  from  Colonels  M'ArlJnui 

and  Cass,  my  exprtssei^  sent  the  evening  before,  and  in  the 

'   night,  having  been  prevented  from  passing  by  numeroih 

*]  bodies  of  Indians)  the  cannonade  recommenced,  and  in  a 

short  time  I  received  information,  that  the  British  aru))  and 

,'  Indians,  were  landing  below  the  Spring  wells,   under  tk 

cover  of  their  .ships  of  war.     At  this  time  the   whole  cflPer. 

live  force  at  my  disposal  at  Detroit  did  not  exceed  eight 

.  hundred  men.     Being  new  troops  and  unaccustomed  to  a 

camp  life ;  having  performed  a  laborious  march ;  having 

,  been  in  a  number  of  battles  and  skirmishes,  in  which  niariv 

'  had  fallen,  and  more  had  received   wounds,  in  addition  Ic 

which  a  large  number'  being  sick,   and  unprovided  willi 

medicine,  and  the  comforts   necessary  for  their  situation; 

\'  are  the  general  causes  by  which  the  strength  of  the  arnu 

Was  thus  reduced.     The  fort  at  this  time  was  tilled  witii 

women,  children,  and  the  old  and  decrepit  people  of  tlic 

lown  and  country  j  they  were  unsafe  in  the  town,  as  it  was 

entirely  open  and  ex-posed  to  the  enemy's  batteries.     Rack 

of  the  fort,  above  or  below  it,  there  was  no  safely  for  llieni 

on  accaunt  of  the  Indians.     In  the  first  instance,  the  enemy '» 

I  fire  was  principally  directed  against  our  batteries;  toward* 

the  close,  it  was  directed  again.stthe  fort  aloHe,  and  almost 

every  shot  and  shell  had  their  effect. 

It  now  became  necessary  either  to  figlit  the  enemy  in  the 
field  ;  collect  the  whole  force  in  the  fort  ;  or  propose  ternl^ 
of  capitulation.  I  could  not  have  carried  into  the  Held 
more  than  six  huudied  men,  and  left  any  adequate  force  in 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


1'2.) 


[he  fort.     I'lirre  were  lfin(!«»tl  at  Uiat  linio  of  Uie  cnciny'a  rt'- 
:.i!ar  force  uf  tiiiicb  niv)rt'tlian  that  number,  aini  Iwico  lliat   j 
ritnluruf Indians.     CunsUlerin*;'  thiit   great  inequality   ot' 


1 1,1, 1  (lid  not  think  it  expedient  to  adopt  the  fn^l  mcoAurc. 
1  lie  second  must  have  been  attended  with  a  jjrealjiacrlficc  ; 
<,t  o!>oil,  and  no  possible  advanta^re,  because  the   contest  , 
Liiki  nut  have  been    sustained    mure  than  a   dav  for  ihp  " 
w.ul  »»f  powder,  and  but  a  very  few  days   for   tho    want  of,, 
prD'isioiib.     In  addition  to  tins.  Cols.  M*Arlhur  and   Cass  ', 
uoiiid  ijuve  been  in  a  most  hazardous  situation.     I  feared  | 
iiolliiiig  bnl  iLo  last  alternative.     I  have  dared  to  adopt  it —  ^ 
I  well  know  the  iiigh  responsibility  of  liic  measure,  and  I  . 
tik«  Hie  whole  of  it  on  myself.     It  was  dictated  by  a  sensii 
ot  duty,   and   a  full   conviclion    of  its  expediency.     li*\ic 
Inmdsof  savages  which  had  then  joined  the   BritisU  forces  . 
wire  nunierons  beyond  any  former  example.     Their  num->i 
berij  have  since  increased,  and  the  htstory  of  the  barbarians 
ottlie  north  of  Europe  does  not  furitish  examples   of  more-, 
ji^reedy  violence  than   these  savages  have   exhibited.     A 
lii'!^e  portion  of  the  brave  and  gallant  officers  and  men  I  . 
commanded  would  cheerfully  have  contested  until  the  last, 
cartridge  had  been  ex\)euded,  and  the  bayonets  worn  to  the 
sockets.     I  could  nut  consent  to  the  useless  sacrifice  of  such  ^ 
brave  men,  when  ]  knew  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  sus- 
tain my  situation.     It  was  impossible  in  tlie  nature  of  things 
that  an  army  could  ha/e  been  furnished  with  the  necessary 
supplies  of  provision,  military  stores,  clothing,  and  comfortj 
tor  the  sick,  on  pack  horses,  through  a  wilderness  of  two 
hundred  miles,  filled  with  hostile  savages.     It  was  impos- 
sible, sir,  that  this  little  army,  worn  down  by  fatigue,  by, 
sickness,  by  wounds  and  deaths,  could  have  supported   it-, 
self  not  only  against  the  collected  force  of  all  the   northern 
nations  of  Indians,  but  against  the  united  strength  of  Upi)er 
Caitada,  whose  population  consists  of  more   than  twenty 
times  the  number  contained  in  the  territory  of  Michigan, 
aided  by  the  principal  part  of  the  regular  forces  of  the  pro- 
vince, and  the  wealth  and  influence  of  the  North-West,  and 
other  trading  establishments  among  the  Iiidians,  which 
have  in  their  employment,  and  under  their  entire  control, 
Hiore  than  two*thousand  white  men.         "    "':.'' 

Before  I  close  this  despatch  it  is  a  duty  I  owe   my  res- 
pec  table  associates  in  command,  Colonels  M*  Arthur,  Fiucl- 


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IllSTORY  OF  TU£  WAR. 


T|{ 


ley,  Caiw,  and  lieut  Col.  Miller,  to  express  my  ol)li|f  ilio.ij 
to  them  for  the  |)roni|it  uiid  juiliciuus  iiiuniicT  in  which  lliey 
have  |)erfomied  their  respective  duties,     ll  aiiojit  haslaktn 
place  during  the  campaijj;ii  which  is  honorable  to  the  army, 
these  officers  are  entitled  to  a  large  hhure  of  it.     If  the  Inst 
uct  should  be  disapproved,  no  part  of  the  ceitsiue  belongs 
to  thf;in.     I  have  likewise  to  express  my  obligation  to  Gen. 
Taylor,  who  has  performed  the  duty   of  quailer-niasler- 
General,  for  his  great  exertions  in  procuring  every  thing  in 
his  department  which  it  was  possible  to  furnish  for  the  cuit- 
venience  of  the  army;  likewise  to  brigade-miijoi*  Jtssup 
for  the  correct  and  punctual  manner  in  which  he  has  dis- 
charged his  duty  ;  and  to  the  army  generally  for  tlieir  e\. 
ertion,  and  the  zeal  they  have  manifested  for  the  public  iii. 
terest.     Xhc  death  of  Dr.  P'oster,  soon  after  he  arrived  at 
Detroit,  was  a  severe  misfortune   to  the  army  j  it  was  in- 
creased by  the  capture  of  the  Chachaga  packet,  by  which 
the  medicine  and  the  hospital  stores  were  lost.     He  was 
commencing  the  best  arrangements  in  the  department  uV 
■which  he  was  the  principal,  with  the  very   small  means 
■which  he  possessed.     I  was  likewise  deprived  of  the  ne- 
cessary services  of  Capt.  Partridge,  by  sickness,  the  only 
officer  of  the  corps  of  engineers  attached  to  the  army.     All 
the  officers  and  men  have  cone  to  their  respective  homes, 
excepting  the  4tl) U.  Stated  regiment,  and  a  small  part  ot 
the  first,  and  Capt.  Dyson's  company  of  artillery.     Capt. 
Dyson's  company  was  left  at  Amherstburg,  and  the  others 
aie  with  me  prisoners — they  amount  to  about  340.     I  have 
only  to  solicit  an  investigation  of  my  conduct,  as   early  as 
my  situation,  and  the  state  of  things  will  admit ;  and  to  add 
th6  iiirther  request,  that  the   government  will  not  be  un- 
mindful of  my  associates  in  captivity,  and  of  the  families  of 
thpse  brave  men  who  have  fallen  in  the  contest. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 
"'•^''•" 'I-      W.  HULL, 

; ''    [enclosed  in  the  preceding  dispatch.] 

'      ;    *     V  //Sandwich,  August?,  1812. 

SIR— On  the  4lh  insl.  Major  Vanhorn,  of  Col.  Findley's 

regiment  of  Ohio  volunteers,  was  detached  from  this  army, 

with  the  command  of  200  men,  principally  riflemen,  to  pro. 

peed  to  the  river  Maisin,  and  further,  if  uecesgary,  to  me^l 


UISTOBY  OP  THE  WAR. 


i:« 


.mil  rcluforct;  Capl.  Bnisli,  of  tl»e  stale  of  Ohio,  commnnd- 
iiig  a  fonnmiiy  of  voluiiUers,  aiul  eHCoiimg  provHionn  for 
this  itrniy.  At  Bruwii!>lu\vii  u  larg^e  boily  of  IndianH  had 
ti»rui»itl  an  ambuscade,  ami  the  Major's  detachnu'nl  received 
a  tuavy  Hre,  at  the  distance  of  tifty  yards  from  the  cii<  my. 
The  whole  detachment  retreated  in  disorder.  Major  Vaii- 
honi  made  every  exertion  to  form,  and  prevent  the  retreat, 
that  was  possible  for  a  brave  and  <^allanlot)icer,  but  without 
success.  By  the  return  of  killed  and  wounded,  it  will  be 
perceived  that  the  loss  of  officei's  was  uncommonly  great. 
Their  ed'orts  to  rally  theircompanies  was  Ihe occasion  of  it. 
I  am,  very  respectfully,  yours,  &c. 

WILLIAM  HULL. 
Killed,  in  Major  Vanhorn's  defeat — 4  Captams — 1  Lieu- 
tenant— 2  Ensigns — iO  privates — total  17. 


[enclosed  in  the  preceding  dispatch.] 

Detroit,  lath  August,  1!S12. 
SIR — The  main  body  of  the  army  having  re-crossed  the 
fiver  at  Detroit,  on  the  night  and  morning  of  the  Sth,  uist.  six 
iiundred  men  were  immediately  detached  under  the  com- 
mand of  Lieut.  Col.  Miller,  to  open  the  communication  to 
the  river  Raisin,  and  protect  the  provisions,  which  were 
under  the  escort  of  Capt.  Brush.  This  detachment  consist- 
ed of  the  4th  U.  States  regiment,  and  two  small  detachments 
under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Stansbury  and  Ensign 
M'Labe  of  the  1st  regiment;  detachments  from  the  Ohio 
and  Michigan  volunteers,  a  corps  of  artillerists,  with  one 
gix-pounder  and  an  howitzer  under  the  conimund  of  Lieut. 
Eastman,  and  a  part  of  Captains  Smith  and  Sloan's  Cavalry, 
commanded  by  Capt.  Sloan  of  the  Olsio  volunteers.  Lieut. 
Col.  Miller  marched  from  Detroit  on  the  afternoon  of  th« 
8th  instant,  and  on  the  9th,  about  four  o'clock  p.  m.  the 
van  guard,  commarided  by  Capt.  Snelling  of  the  4lh  U. 
States' regiment,  was  tired  on  by  an  extensive  line  of  Bri- 
tish troops  and  Indians  at  the  lower  part  of  the  Maguago 
about  fourteen  miles  from  Detroit.  At  this  time  the  main 
body  was  marching  in  two  columns,  and  Capt.  Snelling 
maintained  his  position  in  a  most  gallant  manner,  under  a 
very  heavy  fire,  until  the  line  was  formed  and  advanced  t«> 
the  ground  he  occupied,  when  the  whole,  excepting  the  rerM 
fl^uard,  was  brought  into  action. 


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126 


HJhTOaY  or  THZ  WAR. 


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I 

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'I'll 

1,1. 


The  enemy  were  formed  behind  a  temporary  breast  work 
of  iof(8,  the  Indians  exteiidin^f  in  a  thick  wood  on  their  left. 
Lt.  Cul.  Miller  ordered  his  whole  line  to  advance,  and 
when  within  a  small  distance  of  the  enemy,  made  n  general 
discharge,  and  proceeded  with  charged  bayonets,  wnen  the 
British  line  and  Indians  commenced  a  retreat.  They  were 
pursued  in  a  most  vigorous  manner  about  two  milcii,  and 
the  pursuit  discontinued  only  un  account  of  the  fatigue  of 
the  troops,  the  approach  of  evening,  and  the  necessity  of  re- 
turning to  take  care  of  the  wounded.  The  jud<<'ious  ar- 
mngements  made  by  Lt.  Col.  Miller,  and  the  gai.  t  man* 
ner  in  which  they  were  executed,  justly  entitle  buu  to  the 
highest  honor.  From  the  moment  the  line  commenced  the 
{we,  it  continually  moved  on,  and  the  enomy  maintained 
their  position  until  forced  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  The 
Indians  on  the  left,  commanded  by  Tecumseh,  fought  with 
great  obstinacy,  but  were  continually  forced  and  compelled 
to  retreat.  The  victory  was  complete  in  every  part  of  the 
line,  and  the  success  would  have  been  more  brilliant  had 
the  cavalry  charged  the  enemy  on  the  retreat,  when  a  most 
favorable  opportunity  presented.  Although  orders  were 
given  for  the  purpose,  unfortunately  they  were  not  execut- 
ed. Majors  Vanhorn  and  Morrison,  of  the  Ohio  volunteers, 
"were  associated  with  Lt.  Col.  Miller,  as  field  officers  in  Ibis 
command,  and  were  highly  distinguished  by  their  exertions 
in  forming  tlifi  line,  and  the  firm  and  intrepid  manner  they 
led  their  respective  commands  into  action. 

Capt.  Baker,  of  the  1st.  Capt.  Brevort,  of  the  2d.  and 
Capt.  Hull,  of  the  13jth,  my  aid-de-camp,  and  Lieut.  Whist- 
ler, of  the  1st  Regt.  U.  b.  Infantry,  requested  permission  to 
join  the  detachment,  as  volunteers.  Lieut.  Col.  Miller  as- 
signed commands  to  Capt.  Baker  and  Lieut.  Whistler ;  and 
Capts.  Brevort  and  Hull,  at  his  request,  attended  his  person 
and  aided  him  in  the  general  aiTangements.  Lieut.  Colonel 
Miller  has  mentioned  the  conduct  of  these  officers  in  terms 
of  high  approbation.  In  addition  to  the  captains  who  have 
been  named,  Lt.  Col.  Miller  has  mentioned  Capts.  Burton 
and  Fuller,  of  the  4th  Regt.  Capts.  Saunders  and  Brown,  of 
the  Ohio  Volunteei"s,  and  Capt.  Delandre,  of  the  Michigan 
Volunteers,  who  were  attached  to  his  command — anddisj- 
tingui'>hed  by  their  valor.  It  is  impossible  for  me,  in  this 
f 'ommuuicatiou  to  do  justice  to  the  officers  and  soldiers,  who 


mSTOEY  OW  TRB  WAB. 


127 


gained  the  victory  whicli  I  hate  described.  Thty  Imve  ac- 
quired hifrH  honor  to  themselfet  and  are  justly  entitled  t« 
the  gratitude  of  their  country. 

Major  Muir,  of  the  41st  Kegt.  commande.^  the  British  in 
lliis  action.  Their  regulars  and  volunteer  consisted  of 
about  400,  and  a  large  number  of  Indians.  Major  Muir, 
-.uul  two  subalternR  were  wounded,  one  of  ihcni  since  dead. 
The  militia  and  volunteers  attached  to  his  comniantl,  were 
ill  the  severest  part  of  the  action,  and  their  loss  must  have 
been  great — it  has  not  yet  been  ascertained. 

I  have  the  honor  to  lie.  Sec.  VVM.  HULL. 

AMF.RICAN  LOSS. 

;,  Killed  1&— Wounded  57. 

BRITISH  LOSS. 

'    '        Killed  51 — Wounded  05 — Prisoners  4. 


GENERAL  OR    EUS. 

II.  Q.  Deiruit,  Aug.  16,  1812. 

It  is  with  pain  and  anxiety  that  Brigadier  General  Hull 
announces  to  the  North-AY ester n  army,  that  he  has  been 
fompelled  from  a  sense  of  duty,  to  agree  to  the  followmg 
articles  of  capitulation. 

Camp  DetrmU  Aug.  10,  1812. 

Capitulation  of  surrendering  fort  Detroit,  entered  into 
between  Mnjor-General  Brock,  commaiidmg  his  Britannic 
majesty's  forces,  of  the  one  part,  and  Brig.  General  Hull, 
commanding  the  North- Western  army  ol  the  U.  States,  of 
the  other  part : 

Article  1st.  Fort  Detroit  with  all  the  troops,  regulars  as 
well  as  militia,  will  be  immediately  surrendered  to  the  Bri- 
tish forces  under  command  of  Major-General  Brock,  and 
will  be  considered  as  prisoners  of  war,  with  the  exception 
of  such  ef  the  Militia  of  the  Michigan  territory,  who  have 
not  joined  the  army. 

Article  2d.  All  public  stores,  arms,  and  public  docu- 
ments, including  every  thing  else  of  a  public  nature,  will  be 
immediately  given  up. 

Article  3d.  Private  persons  and  private  property  of  every 
description  will  be  respected. 

Article  4th.  His  excellency  Brig.  General  Hull,  having 
expressed  a  desire  that  a  detachment  from  the  state  of  Ohio, 
on  its  way  to  join  the  army,  as  well  as  one  srnt  from  fori 


'ii 


r' 


! 


w 


m 


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<<<■!■   !v 

'    t     I 


•il, 


I'  ! 


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I  i" 


'?. 


,.    I  i' 


128 


niSTO&Y  OF  llin  WAB. 


Detroit,  under  the  command  or  Cul.  M'Artliur,  should  I>r 
included  in  llie  nt)ove  fitipulation,  it  is  acordingly  ajjrcrtl 
to.  It  is,  huwever,  to  l>e  iindf^rstood,  that  such  |mrl»  of  tlin 
Ohio  miiitia  as  have  not  joined  the  army,  uill  be  permitUd 
to  return  home  on  condition  that  thry  will  not  nerve  diiririu 
tlie  v%ar — their  arran,  however,  will  he  delivered  up  if  Ijc- 
lon^iii^  to  the  miblic. 

Article  5lh.  The  garrison  will  march  out  at  the  hour  ol 
12  o'clock  this  day,  and  tlie  British  forces  will  take  iniiiu- 
diate  poKsession  of  the  fort. 

J.  M'DOWEULt.  Col.  Militia  B.  A.  D.  C. 
I.  B.  CiR£(iG,  Major  A.  D.  C. 
(Anprovtd)     WILLIAIM  HULL,  Briff.  Gen. 
JAMES  MILLER,  Ll.  CI.  .0th  V.  S.  Iiifautry. 
E.  BRUSH,  Col.  Isl.  Rejrt  Michignn  Militia. 
(Approved)  ISAAC  BROCK.  Maj.  Gen. 

The  army  at  12  o^clock  thi»  day  will  march  outoftiM; 
east  g-ate^  v\nere  they  will  stack  their  arms,  and  will  bellten 
subject  to  the  articles  of  capitulation. 

WILLLVM  HULL,  Brig.  Gen. 

Colonel  Cass  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Washington,  Sept.  10, 18K', 

SIR —  Having  been  ordered  on  to  this  place  by  Col 
M'Arthur,  for  the  purp'v^  of  communicating  to  the  govern- 
ment par! iculars  respecting  the  expedition  lately  command- 
ed by  Brig.  General  Hull,  and  its  disastrous  result,  as 
might  enable  them  correctly  to  appreciate  the  conduct  of 
the  officers  and  men  ;  and  todevelope  the  causes  which  pro- 
duced so  foul  a  stuiti  upon  the  national  character,  I  have 
the  hon6r  to  submit  for  your  consideration,  the  following 
statement. 

When  the  forces  landed  in  Canada,  they  landed  v!  ifh  an 
ardent  zeal  and  stimulated  with  the  hope  of  conquest.  ISu 
enem}  appeared  w.lhiu  view  of  us,  and  had  an  immediate 
and  vigorous  attack  been  made  upon  Maiden,  it  womIiI 
doubtless  have  fallen  an  easy  victory.  I  know  Ci  en.  Hull 
afterwards  declared  he  rej^retted  this  attack  had  not  hetii 
made,  and  he  had  every  reason  to  believe  success  would 
have  crowned  his  elforts.  The  reason  given  for  delayiii<,' 
our  operatioos  was  to  mount  our  heavy  cannon,  anil  to  af- 
ford to  the  Canadian  militia  time  and   opportuiiity   to  qnit 


-^ 


HISTORY  or  THE  W  IkM, 


)'49 


>  1 
III 


an  ul>uo\iou.<i  uervice.  In  llie  rciume  «t"  lu  a  v  e^k"  ii« 
iiuiuIht  of  their  militia,  who  were  einhcMlu'*!  bad  dec  n- 
I  hy  ilefltrtion  fruni  nix  hiitulrtMl  to  one  huiicti  d  men       nd 

the  course  of  three  wcfkn,  the  ctiniion  were  mouiii<  d, 
the  ainmiitiitioii  Hxed,  and  every  preparatiitii  made  tor  an 
iiiiinediate  iitveNtmeni  of  the  fori.  At  ix  Conned,  al  which 
ucre  present  all  ihetield  oflicwrN,  nnd  which  was  held  two 
iliivs  before  our  preparations  were  completed,  it  was  una- 
itimonsly  a^jfrted  to  make  nn  iumiedi.te  attiiupt,  to  aecuni- 
|)lish  the  object  of  the  expedition.  If  by  wnitmg  two  days 
we  could  have  the  service  of  our  heavy  artdlery,  it  was 
:ioiTed  to  wait:  if  not,  it  was  determined  to  go  without  it, 
ami  attempt  the  place  by  storm.  This  opinion  appeared 
to  correspond  with  the  views  of  the  General,  and  the  day 
was  a[)pointed  for  commencing  our  march.  Ue  declared 
to  me,  that  he  considered  himself  pledged  to  lead  the  army 
to  Maiden.  The  ammunition  was  placed  in  the  waggons ; 
the  cannon  embarked  on  board  the  floating  batteries,  and 
every  requisite  article  was  prepared.  The  spirit  and  zeal, 
tht-  ardor  and  animation  displayed  by  the  oflicers  and  men, 
01)  learning  the  near  accomplishment  of  their  wishes,  was 
a  sure  and  sacred  pledge,  that  in  the  hour  of  trial  they 
should  not  be  found  wanting  in  their  duty  to  their  country 
and  themselves.  But  a  change  of  measures,  in  opposition 
to  the  wishes  and  (  pinions  of  all  the  officers,  was  adopted 
l)V  the  General.  The  plan  of  attacking  Maiden  was  aban- 
doned, and  instead  of  acting  offensively,  we  broke  up  our 
t;amp,  evacuated  Canada,  and  re- crossed  the  river,  in  the 
n'ght,  without  even  the  shadow  of  an  enemy  to  injurious.  We 
letttothetendermercy  oftheenemy  the  miserable  Canadians 
who  had  joined  us,  and  the  pro/t'Cf/on  we  aflbrded  them  was 
but  a  passport  to  vengeance.  This  fatal  and  unaccounta- 
ble step  dispirited  the  troops,  and  destroyed  the  little  con- 
tidence  which  a  series  of  timid,  irresolute,  and  indecisive 
measures  had  left  in  the  commanding  officer. 

About  the  10th  of  August,  the  enemy  received  a  rein- 
forcement of  four  hundred  men.  On  the  12th,  the  com- 
manding officers  of  three  of  the  regiments,  (the  fourth  was 
absent)  were  informed  through  a  medium  which  admitted 
of  no  doubt,  that  the  General  had  stated  that  a  capitulation 
would  be  necessary.  They  on  the  same  day  addressed  to 
Governor  Meigs  of  Ohio,  a  letter  of  which  the  following  im 
aa  extract.  1 7 


J  '       t 


li 


I  ;  ^ 


(ii 


il 


•^1 .' 


!!  ! 


vil. 


f  •. 


r. 


;  I 


i' 


1       :^ 

'i'lili 


I 


\^ 


130 


lUSTOlir  OF  TRR  WAR. 


»>  •  helieve  all  Ihtf  hcanr  rvill  tt-U  ifoii.  B^luve  it,  IwH'^cf, 
it  may  Gstonvih  *ii,  us  niuvh  as  r/  it  Jtiut  hei  ntoiti  yon  At/  «/)(/ 
o/'t/.v.      M'fn  a  c  ..i  n  t      /i,  t'jr  talhvil  oj  htf  the 

I  he  hearerfvilljilitht  t'lioanry.* 

The  douhlfiil  faieot'thiK  letter  rciideretl  it  necrs.Nurv  \t 
UHt*  rii('UU)Nt><'Cliuh  in  its  detniU^  niid  tlieiet'ore  tlicsf  hiiUikit 
won;  IcCt.  The  word  *  f*:i}MtiilKtioir  \%  ill  fill  the  t.nt.  uiid 
*  conimiiiidiiiL''  t^t'nerat'  the  uther.  As  iin  t:neiiiy  ^^  .tk  near 
UH,  and  an  lh»  sui^eriority  of  our  force  wun  irtaitiieNt.  mc 
couhl  Nee  no  necessity  tor  eapitnluttn^^,  nor  itny  })ro| nely 
in  nlliidin^to  it.  We  therefore  •it-itirnnned  in  the  iasi  r<. 
soil  to  ifcur  the  resionsihility  of  diverting'  the  (lencrui  o( 
hiM  command.  Thi.n  I'l-.ui  wun  eveni.uuliy  prevented  l>y 
two  oilhe  cominnudiiiir  otiScers  of  regiments  being  urdend 
upon  detachments.  -<  •  ;   ,  .. 

On  the  13lh  ihc  British  took  a  position  opposite  to  De- 
troit, iiiul  hei^an  lo  ihrow  up  works.  Dnruig-  thai  and  the 
two  foilowini;'  days.  Iher  pursued  iheir  onject  without  in- 
terruption, and  estuhlished  a  battery  tor  two  18  poundciit 
and  an  8  inch  howil/er.  About  sunset  oo  the  aveiiin^  of 
the  14th,  a  detachmonlof  ;>^()  men  from  the  regiments  com- 
manded by  C(d.  M'Arthiir  and  myself,  was  ordered  to 
march  to  the  river  Kaisin,  to  escort  the  provisions,  which 
had  some  lime  remained  there  protected  by  a  party  undei 
the  command  of  Capt  Brush. 

On  Saturday,  the  loth  about  1  o'clock,  a  flag^  of  truce 
arrived  from  Sandwich,  bearint^  a  summons  from  General 
Brock  for  the  surrender  of  the  town  and  fori  of  Detroit 
stating  he  could  no  longer  restrain  the  fury  of  the  savnge.s. 
To  this  an  immediate  and  spirited  refusal  was  returned. 
About  four  o'clock  Uieir  batteries  began  to  play  upon  the 
town.  The  fire  was  returned  and  continued  without  inter- 
ruption and  with  little  eti'ect  tiU  darL  Their  shells  were 
tlirown  till  eleven  o'clock.  '  j.;. 

At  day-light  the  firing  on  both  sides  re-commenced 
about  the  same  time  the  enemy  began  to  land  troops  nl 
the  Spring  wells,  three  miles  below  Detroit,  protected  by 
two  of  their  armed  vessels.  Between  G  and  7  o'clock  they 
had  effected  their  landing,  and  immediately  took  up  theii 
line  of  march.  They  moved  in  close  column  of  platoonb.. 
twelve  in  front,  upon  the  bank  of  the  river.  -    .«    r' 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


laj 


Tlic  t'iMirih  rri{ini«*iit  uaM  M<>itio;ir(|  iti  tlie  fofl  ;  \hf  Ohio 
.olUiiU-t'i'MiiicI  u  |»url  ot'the  i^lirli>i;;.Mi  iiiikiliii,  Iteliiiui  somti 
iiirk(^l>*.  Ill  a  Mttiiiitiua  iii  wlmii  ll>«-  wliolellank  ot'  llit)  t'lii'- 
iDV  Moiiul  have  heeii  c\|MmtM|.  The  I'tKidiif  ul  iht-  Mirhi- 
>ruii  iniiiliu  were  in  the  ii|)|>tr  pari  «)f  iht'lowii  io  n'liiKl  liie 
iiicursiuiiH  of  I'r;  Kn\a^(*H.  T*vo  ..'4  )K»uii(ierh,  luadcMl  v\itli 
irra|)c'  shot,  weri;  |M>Mlet)  uii  a  roiniiiaiuiiit;^  cntiiifiK'i-,  rtady 
tu  sweeji  the  aiivaiieiti^  cotuniii.  Im  this  KiUialioii  Uic  a>ii> 
uerioi  ily  ufoiir  poNitiuii  w  IS  a|>|)ar(Mit,  aiicl  our  troo|«M,  in 
tliecagvr  eX|)ectutioH  of  victorv,  u>v;ule(l  the  approacli  ut' 
the  enemy.  Not  a  discoiiteiit  broke  iijion  the  cur  ;  not  u 
look  of  cowardice  nM!t  the  eve.  Kvery  man  expected  a 
proud  da)  for  hi8  coutilrv,  and  cHrh  whm  anxiou.t  that  hi.s 
iiidr.idual  exertion  shouhl  conirduiie  to  tiie  general  result. 

VV^hen  the  head  or  their  cohnnn  arrived  Nvithin  about. 
tive  hundred  yards  of  our  hue,  orderw  \vt:re  rctetved  from 
Gt'ii.  Uuil  for  the  whole  to  retreat  to  die  iort,  and  for  the 
Ul  pounders  not  to  o|)en  upon  the  enemy*  One  uuiver- 
sd  burst  of  indignation  wus  apparent  upon  the  ret.eipt  of 
this  order.  Tiiose,  whose  convicltoti  was  the  dehherate 
iTsiittofa  disp;.'ssioiittte  examination  of  passing'  events,  saw 
the  folly  and  impropriety  of  crowding  1100  men  into  a  lit- 
tle work,  which  300  men  could  fully  man,  and  into  wbich 
the  shot  and  shells  of  the  enemy  were  falling.  The  fort 
w'M  in  this  manner  tilled.;  the  men  were  diiecied  to  stack 
their  arms,  and  scarcely  was  an  opportunity  afforded  of 
moving.  Shortly  after,  a  white  flag  was  hung  out  upon  the 
walls.  A  V  ttish  olUcer  rode  up  to  enquire  the  cause.  A 
commuii. cation  passed  between  the  commanding  Generals, 
whicii  ended  in  the  capitulation  submitted  to  you.  In  en- 
tering into  this  capitulation,  the  General  took  counsel  from 
his  own  feelings  only.  Not  an  oflicer  was  consulted.  Not 
one  anticipated  a  surrender,  till  he  saw  the  while  flag  dis- 
played. Even  the  women  were  indignant  at  so  siiameful 
a  degradation  of  the  American  character,  and  all  felt  as 
the\  should  have  felt,  but  Vie  who  held  in  his  hands  the 
reins  of  authority. 

Our  morning  report  had  that  morning  made  our  eft'ec- 
tive  men  present,  fit  for  duty  10()0,  without  including  the 
detachment  before  alluded  to,  and  without  including  «i09 
fit"  tbe  Michigan  militia  on  duty 


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132 


HWTOIIY  or  TlIE  WAR. 


Abonldark  on  Saturday  everiinqj  the  detachment  senl  to 
escort  the  provisions,  received  orders  from  (ien.  Hull  to  re- 
turn with  ns  much  expedition  as  possible.  About  ten 
o'clock  the  next  day  Ihey  arrived  williin  sii^ht  ot  Detroit, 
Hiul  a  tiring  been  heard,  or  any  resistance  visible,  they 
nvouid  have  immediately  advanced  and  att;M'ked  the  rear 
of  the  enemy.  The  situation  in  which  this  detachment 
"was  placed,  althon(>;h  the  result  of  accident,  was  the  best  tor 
annoying  the  enemy  and  cutting'  oti"  his  retreat  that  could 
have  been  selected.  With  his  raw  troops  enclosed  between 
two  fires,  and  no  hopes  of  succor,  it  is  hazarding  little  to 
say,  that  very  few  would  have  escaped. 

I  have  been  informed  by  Col.  Findley,  who  saw  the  re- 
turn of  their  quarter-ma.ster  General  the  day  aft  "  the  sur- 
render, that  Ihcir  whole  force  of  every  description,  while, 
red,  and  black,  was  1030.  They  had  twenty-nine  platooiis, 
twelve  in  a  platoon,  of  men  dressed  in  uniform.  Many  ot 
these  were  evidently  Canadian  militia.  The  rest  of  the 
militia  increase<i  their  white  force  to  about  seven  hundred 
men.  The  number  of  their  Indians  could  not  be  ascer- 
tained with  any  degrtje  of  precision ;  not  many  were  visible. 
And  in  the  event  of  an  attack  upon  the  town  and  fort,  it 
-was  a  species  ol  force  which  could  have  afforded  no  mate. 
rial  advantage  to  the  enemy. 

In  endeavonng  lo  appreciate  the  motives,  and  to  investi- 
gate the  causes,  which  led  to  an  event  so  unexpected  and 
dishonorable,  it  is  impossible  to  find  any  solution  in  the  re- 
lative strength  of  the  coiitendit;g  parlies,  or  in  the  measures 
of  resistance  in  our  power.  That  we  were  far  superior 
to  the  enemy;  that  upon  any  ordinary  principles  of  calcu- 
lation we  con  id  have  defeated  them,  the  wounded  and  in- 
dignunt  feelings  of  ever)  man  there  will  testify. 

A  few  days  before  the  surrender,  I  was  informed  by 
Gen.  Hull,  we  had  400  rounds  of  24  pound  shot  fixed,  and 
about  100,000  cartridges  made.  We  surrendered  vvilk 
the  fort,  40  barrels  of  powder,  and  2o00  stand  of  arms. 

The  state  of  our  provision  has  not  been  generally  uiiderr 
stood.  On  the  day  of  the  surrender  we  had  fifteen  days' 
provisions  of  every  kind  on  hand.  Of  meat  there  was  plenty 
in  the  country,  and  arrangements  had  been  made  for  -pur- 
chasiiig  grain  and  grinding  it  to  Hour.  It  was  calculated 
we  could  readily  procure  three  months'  provisions,  indepen 


no  circui 


HISTORY   OP  THE  WAR. 


1S3 


■ 


igiil  of  150  barrels  of  flour,  nml  l^iOO  head  of  cntHe,  wliirh 
lja«l  b«'eii  forwarfleil  from  the  state  of  Ohio,  and  uhich  re- 
Qiaiiied  at  the  river  Kaisiii,  under  Capt.  Bru.th,  within  reach 
gf  the  army. 

Bui  had  wo  been  totally  destitute  of  provisions,  our  duty 
iiHl  our  interest  undoubtedly  was  to  tight.  The  enemy  invit' 
ed  us  to  meet  him  in  the  Hi  Id. 

By  defeatmg  him  the  whole  country  would  have  been 
open  to  us,  ;ind  the  object  of  our  expedition  gloriously  and 
iuccesslully  obtained.  If  we  had  been  defeated  we  had 
uotliing  to  do  but  to  retreat  to  the  fort,  and  make  the  best 
(iffetice  which  circumstances  and  our  situation  rendered 
practicable.  Bnt  basely  to  surrender,  without  firing'  a  gun 
—tamely  to  submit,  without  raising  a  bayonet — tlisgrace- 
iiilly  to  \yas8  in  review  before  an  enemy,  as  inferior  in  the 
quality,  as  in  the  number  of  his  forces,  were  circumstances, 
which  excited  feelings  of  indignation  more  easily  felt  than 
described.  To  see  the  whole  of  our  men  flushed  with  the 
hope  of  victory,  eagerly  awaiting  the  approaching  contest, 
to  see  them  afterwards  dispirited,  hopeless,  and  desponding, 
at  least  600  shedding  tears,  because  they  were  not  allovied 
to  meet  their  country's  foe,  and  to  fight  their  country's  bat- 
tles, excited  sensations,  which  no  American  has  ever  be- 
fore had  cause  to  feel,  and  which,  I  trust  in  God,  will  never 
again  be  felt,  while  one  man  remains  to  defend  the  stand- 
ard of  the  Union. 

I  am  expressly  authorised  lo  state,  that  Gol.  M' Arthur 
and  €oI.  Findley,  and  Lieut.  Col.  Miller,  viewed  this  trans- 
action in  the  light  which  I  do.  They  know  and  feel,  that 
no  circumstance  in  our  situation,  none  in  that  of  the  enemy, 
can  excuse  a  capitulation  so  dishonorable  and  unjustifiable. 
This  too,  is  the  universal  sentiment  among  the  troops;  and 
I  shall  be  surprised  to  learn,  that  there  is  one  man,  who 
tiiioks  it  was  necessary  to  sheath  his  sword,  or  lay  down 
Ills  musket. 

I  was  informed  by  Gen.  Hull  the  morning  after  the  ca- 
pitulation, that  the  British  forces  consisted  of  1800  regulars, 
and  that  he  surrendered  to  prevent  the  efl'usion  of  human 
blood.  That  he  magnified  their  regular  force  nearly  five 
told,  there  can  be  no  doubt.  Whether  the  philanthropic 
reason  assigned  by  him  is  a  sufficient  justification  for  sur- 
renjlering  a  fortified  ttwn,  an  army^  and  a  territory,  is  for 


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134 


lUSTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


the  government  to  determine.  Cunfident  I  am,  that  iiad  Ute 
courage  and  conduct  of  the  General  been  equal  to  the 
spirit  and  zeal  of  the  troo|w,  the  event  would  have  been  us 
brilliant  and  successful  an  it  now  is  disastrous  and  dishon- 
orable. 

Very  respectfully  sir,  I  have  tlie  honor  to  be,  &c. 

LEWIS  CASS. 
<CuL  3d.  regiment  Ohio  volunteers. 


{fiy  the  folUnvintf  Proclamations  H  appears  that  Gen.  HuU 

surrendered  the  w/wie  of  Michigan    'Jerritorif,  to  Gen. 

£ruck,  althouffh  he  has  never  made  puttlic  any  doc  ument 

to  that  effect  !] 

PROCLAMATION. 
By  Isaac  Brock^  Esq.  Majer-Gcneralt  commanding  Itis  ma- 
jesty's forces  in  the  province  of  Upper  Canada. 

Whereas  the  Territory  of  Michigan  was  this  day  by 
capitulation,  ceded  to  the  arms  of  his  Britannic  majeslVf 
"without  any  other  condition  than  the  protection  of  private 
property  ;  and  wishing*  to  give  an  early  proof  of  the  mo- 
deration and  justice  of  the  government,  I  do  hereby  an- 
nounce to  all  the  inhabitanUi  of  the  said  Territory  that  the 
laws  heretofore  in  existence  shall  continue  in  force  until  his 
majesty's  pleasure  be  known,  or  so  long  as  the  peace  and 
safety  of  the  Territory  will  admit  thereof.  And  I  do  here- 
i)y  also  declare  and  make  known  to  the  said  inhabitants 
ihat  they  shall  be  protected  in  the  full  exercise  and  enjoy- 
ment of  their  religion  ;  of  which  all  persons,  both  civil  and 
military,  will  take  notice  and  govern  themselves  accor- 
dingly. 

All  persons  having  in  their  possession,  or  having  any 
knowledge  of  any  public  property,  shall  forthwith  deliver 
in  the  same,  or  give  notice  thereof  to  the  officer  comman- 
ding, or  to  Lt.  Ccl  Nichol,  who  are  hereby  authorized  to 
receive  and  gi^e  proper  receipts  for  the  same. 

Officers  of  militia  will  be  held  responsible  that  all  arniE 
in  possession  of  miiiila-^men  be  immediately  delivered 
up  ;  and  all  individuals  whatever,  who  have  in  their  pos- 
session arms  of  any  kind,  will  deliver  them  up  without  de- 
lay. Given  under  my  hand  at  Detroit,  this  16th  day  of 
August,  1812,  and  in  the  52d  year  of  his  majesty's  reign. 

ISAAC  BROCK,  Major-Gcneral. 
J.  M'DONJNELL,  Lt.  Col,  Militia  &  A.  D.  C. 


BJSTOkY  OF  THK  WiJt. 


13;^ 


s  acGor- 


.       A  CARD. 

Colonel  Symires,  of  Ihe  senior  division  of  the  Ohio  rai- 
iitia,  preM,'nts  hin  retipeclful  coin|>liBieut<4  to  Majur-Giiieral 
Brock,  con  I  in  audi  no:  his  Britannic  inujfialy*9  forces,  nhiU 
and  red  in  Uppeir  Canada. 

Colonel  Synunes,  observing,  that  l>y  the  4th  artirle  of  the 
rnpitulation  of  (^ort  Detroit  to  Major-General  Urock,  all 
public  arms  niovin|j  towards  Fort  Detroit,  are  to  be  deliv- 
ered np,  but  aa  no  place  of  dep'>!iit  is  pointed  out  liy  the  capit- 
HJation,  J'orif/  Ifionsand  stand  of  arms  coming  within  the 
description,  arc  at  the  service  of  Major-Cieneral  Brock,  if 
hiii  excellency  H'ill  condescend  to  come  and  tukv  tluniL 

TRIAL  OF  GENERAL  HULL. 

Adit' and  Inspt.  (ren.  Office,  Washington,  AprU  25, 1814, 
GENERAL  ORDER. 

The  proceeding  of  the  court  martial,  in  the  case  of  Wm. 
Hull,  brigadeir- genera!  in  the  army  of  the  U.  Stales,  hav- 
ing been  subipitted  to  the  President  jf  the  U.  Slates,  and 
having  been  approved  by  him,  the  following  extract  there- 
from is  ordered  to  be  read  at  the  head  of  each  regiment  of 
the  army,  and  to  be  published  in  the  National  lutelligencer 
of  this  city.  By  order, 

(Signed;  J.  B.  WALBACH,   A djl.  General.    \ 

At  a  general  court  martial  (ordered  by  the  President  of 
ihc  U.  States)  convened  at  Albany,  in  the  state  of  N.  York, 
on  the  3d  day  of  January,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
fourteen,  and  continued  by  adjournments,  to  ihe  twenty- 
fifth  day  of  March  following,  brigadier-General  Wm.  Hull, 
of  the  army  of  the  U.  States,  was  tried  on  the  following 
charges  and  specifications,  viz  : 

Charge  I. — Charged  Gen.  Hull  with  treason  against 
the  II.  States,  between  the  9th  of  April  and  17th,  of  August^. 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twelve. 

Specijication  Jirst. — Charged  Gen.  Hull  wiUi  hiring  an. 
nnarnied  vessel,  to  convey  his  baggnge,  and  papers,  witU 
the  Declaration  of  War,  his  muster  rolls,  and  instructions 
from  the  Secretary  of  War;  fiom  the  Miami  of  the  Lake  to 
Detroit,  for  tlie  purpose  of  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Bri- 
tisii,  which  they  captured  the  same  day.  with  ail  on  board  ; 
and  of  holding  traitorous  correspondence  with  the  enemy 
on  the  first  day  of  July,  \^V2,  while  at  tbe  said  Miajoai  «? 
the  Lake, 


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1,'         I 


130 


HISTORY  OP  rUK  \YAli, 


t-i 


Specification  second. — Charged  Gen.  Hull,  of  unuHic 
like  and  traitorous  conduc!t,  in  neglecting;  to  march  Ins 
whole  army,  after  he  arrived  at  Sandwich,  and  tak.«,  or 
attempt  to  take  fort  Maiden  ;  and  finally  in  connpiriug  wilii 
our  enemies  to  quit  and  al)aii(lon  the  Province  of  ITpper 
Canada  on  the  8th  day  of  Aii^rust ;  and  of  again  holdini; 
correspondence  with  our  enemies,  and  causing  the  army  to 
recross  the  river  to  Detroit. 

Specification  third. — Cliurged  Gen.  Hall  of  Iraitoronsit 
conspiring  and  shamefully  surrendering  tbtt  Detroit,  witji 
all  the  troops  public  stores,  nrms^  and  public  Documents,  on 
the  loth  day  of  August,  1812,  to  the  British  forces. 

Charge  I L — ('harged  Gen.  Hull  with  cowardice,  at 
and  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Detroit  between  the  1st  o! 
.July,  and  the  17th  of  August,  1812.  u  v\V  V  u  , . 

Specification  Jirst. — Charged  Gen.  Hull  with  misbehav- 
iour before  the  enemy,  and  shamefully  manifesting  an  tmdue 
fear  and  apprehension  ct"  danger  by  a  course  of  conduct 
and  conversation  evincing  personal  alarm,  agitation  of 
mind,  and  privation  of  judgment  by  hastily  abandcnino- 
their  territory,  without  any  just  or  suflicient  cause  whatever. 

Specif  cation  second. — Ciiarged  Gen.  Hull  on  the  15lh  of 
August  with  personal  misbehaviour  and  fear  before  the  en- 
cmv»  after  they  had  commenced  their  cannonade  on  De- 
troit, by  a  course  of  conduct,  and  particularly  by  various  timid 
and  cowardly  actions  and  expressions  used  and  uttered  iu 
the  presence  of  the  army,  as  well  in  the  public  street  of 
Detroit,  as  in  posts  and  batteries  near  tlu  reto. 

Specification  third. —  Charged  Gen.  Hull  on  the  15lli  of 
August,  with  personal  fear  and  ''owardice,  by  avoiding  all 
personal  danger,  or  makint^  an  attempt,  to  prevent  the  en- 
emy's  crossing  the  river,  or  to  prevent  their  landing  by 
avoiding  all  personal  danger,  from  reconnoitering  or  ciu 
countering  the  enemy  on  their  march  towards  fort  Detroit, 
and  by  hastily  sending  flags  of  truce  to  the  enemy  with 
overtures  for  capitulation  ;  by  anxiously  withdrawing  his 
person  from  the  American  troops  to  a  place  of  saftHy  ;  by 
forbidding  the  artillery  to  tire  on  the  rncmy  ;  by  calling  in 
thetroops,  and  crowdir.g  them  into  thefoi  t  ;  by  a  precipitate 
declaration  to  the  enemy  that  he  surrendered,  beibre  terms 
of  capitulation  were  signed,  considered,  or  even  suggested. 

Specif  cation  fourth. — Charged  (en.  Hull,  with  shame- 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAB. 


137 


tiillv  and  cowardly  (iiirrrnd<  ring  n  fine  nnny»  in  lii|;h  spiriU, 
\u!l  Mi|>))lie'l  with  ainmiinilinn,  anus,  and  proviHiuhs,  l>y  a 
Jis<>rnr(;l'ul  (upiUtlalion  witli  the  enemy.  containin|r  no  slip* 
iilalior<  tor  the  seciirity  and  protection  of  such  of  tiie  inhab- 
itants of  ITpptr  Canada,  as  had  j<>ined  the  American  slan- 
(l;»i-d  ;  wliereby  the  territorial  sove^ei^:^ty,  righUi,  and  prop- 
erlv,  were  Hhamefnily  ceded  to  the  enemy  ;  a  brave  and 
nalViolic  army  wantonly  sacriticed  to  the  personal  fear  of 
the  conuiir.ndcr,  and  the  service  of  the  LJ.  States  suft'ered  a 
Treat  and  aillicting  losA. 

Cii^RGB  III — Charged  Gen.  Hull  with  neglect  of  duty 
:uui  nnofficerlike  connuet,  while  commanding  a  separate 
army,  between  the 9lh  of  April,  and  the  17th  of  August, 
18 1  i 

Specification  First — Charged  Gen.  Hull  with  unoflficer- 
like  conduct,  in  neglecting  and  omitting  to  train,  insp<3Ct, 
exeicise,  and  order,  the  army  under  his  command,  where- 
by the  army  W!>s  exposed,  to  the  hazard  of  disorder  and  de- 
teat,  in  the  event  of  an  attack  being  made  thereon  by  the 
onemy. 

Specification  Second — Charged  Gen.  Hull  w'lh  neglect 
of  duty  and  unotficerlike  conduct,  by  hiring,  or  causing  to 
be  hired,  an  unatuied  vessel  to  convey  his  baggage  and  pa- 
pers, with  his  sick  .soldiers,  and  medicine  .stores,  to  Detroit, 
from  the  Miami  of  the  Lake,  on  which  pa.ssage  the  vessel, 
and  all  on  board  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  inform* 
iniT  him  of  the  declaration  of  war,  and  the  number,  stale, 
and  condition  of  the  army,  to  the  great  injury  of  the  U. 
Slates. 

Specification  Third — Charged  Gen.  Hull  with  neglect 
of  dnly  m  neglecting  to  repair  fort  Detroit,  and  its  arma- 
ment, on  his  arrival,  in  such  a  maimer  as  to  be  able  to  repel, 
and  put  to  Bight  an  enemy,  in  the  event  of  an  invasion  and 
allack. 

Specification  Fourth — Charged  Gen.  Hull,  with  declai- 
ing'  and  avowing  an  intention  to  invade  the  British  province, 
and  to  invest  and  attack  fort  Maiden,  in  the  said  pre  'ince, 
and  having  taken  possession  of  Sandwich,  was  guilty  of 
iie<r1ect  ofduty,  and  unoflicerlike  conduct,  in  neglecting 
seasonably  to  repair,  and  have  transported  the  guns,  and 
rww  carnages,  which  were  neces.sary  for  the  operations  of 
'hcarmv  agauist  fort  Maiden  ;  by  poslponinsT  in  the  firsV 

18 


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HISTORY  Oi  THE  WAK. 


*  ; 


^itil 


instance,  and  by  abandoning  in  tlic  next,  an  invci>lm<pntani{ 
attack  npon  fort  Maiden  ;  and  finally  evacuating  Uppfv 
Canada,  without  providing  etfeclually  in  any  respect,  tar 
thegafety  of  the  Tnhaf)itflnts  thereof,  who  had  accepted  hb 
invitation  to  jntn  the  American  standard  :  and  without  at~ 
tempting  to  accomplish  iiis  avowed  design. 

Specification  Fijth — (Tharged  Gen.  Hull,  of  neglect  oi 
duty  by  not  keeping  open  the  comnf>unication  between 
fort  Detroit,  and  a  military  post  at  the  river  Raisin,  which 
enabled  the  enemy  totally  to  interrupt,  and  cut  oB'all  coin- 
municaliouR  between  said  military  posts,  to  the  great  dis> 
advantage  of  the  U.  Slates  service. 

Speeijication  Sixth — Charged  Gen.  Hull,  with  neglect  of 
duty,  in  neglecting  and  omitting  to  maintain  a  bridj^e 
over  the  river  Aux-'Cannard,  which  afforded  a  fair  oppor- 
tunity for  investing,  and  attarkirig  fort  Maiden,  whereby  a 
prospect  of  a  successful  investment  and  attack  upon  the 
fort  speedily  vanished. 

Specification  Seventh — Charged  Gen.  Hull,  with  neglect 
of  duly  in  not  erecting  batteries  at  the  spring  Wells,  or  pre- 
venting the  enemy  from  erecting  them  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river,  whereby  tl>ey  were  enabled  to  annoy  fort  De- 
troit, and  to  protect  their  army  across  the  river,  and  enabled 
them  to  attack  fort  Detroit  without  opposition  or  loss,  and 
to  approach  the  said  fort  Detroit  with  the  air  and  confidence 
of  triumph. 

A.J.  DALLAS,  Judge  Advocate. 

January  f ,  1814. — The  court  met  at  the  capilol  pursuant 
to  adjournment. 

J»RESENr — x4ll  the  members. 
General  Hull  havintj/  appear sd,  the  charges  and  specijicaiiom 

were  reid  to  him  ly  thejttdf/e  advocate,  and  being  asked  if 

he  was  ready  to  plead  to  tliem,  answered  that  lie  waSj  ami 

that  he  pleaded  not  guilty  to  all  the  charges  and  specijica' 

lions. 

'  March  25,  1814. 

All  the  evidence  being  read,  (whether  on  the  part  of  the 
(prosecution  or  the  defence,)  applicable  to  the  first  charge, 
and  the  s^iecifications  attached  to  that  charge,  and  after  due 
deliberation  had  thereon,  the  court  express  the  followinj; 
opinion : 


HISTORY  ot  riii:  wau. 


130 


The   iicctisrd    Jiaviv'i^    in   \i\n   Hnnl 
niruiiiiit  the  juri.silictiou  o(  tlie  roiui    to 


<lt?fi'nCf,  firotestffl 
try  tlie  cbar^r  t»f 
tieaso:!,  uikI  tlie  o|iiiiioi)  ut  Ute  conrt  bc'iii^,  that  Uie  objec- 
tion wo, lid  have  been  leiiabli-«  it  the  tiumbiiati  l>eeii  pletuled 
()V  the  accUM.'d  on  ins  airaigiiineiit ;  and  btilievinti^ also, that 
till'  conrl  caiinut  acquire junsditiiou  of.tlie  oH'ence  by  the 
\\A\er  ur  co ,iseut  uf  iiie  accused,  ihey  decbne  Diakin^  any 
turiiial  decision  Jiithat'Cbar^e.  The  evidence  on  Lhe  sub- 
ject havin^if,  however,  been  ^)ubhciy  given,  tlie  court  deem 
it  proper,  hi  justice  to  the  atrcused,  to  lay,  that  they  do  not 
believe  from  any  Ihin^  that  has  appeared  before  them,  that 
brigadier-general  William  Hull  iias  £uimuitbeud  tceasou 
against  the  U.  StateH. 

On  the  second  charge,  and  the  specifications  atltached  te 
that  charge,  (after  .hearing  all  the  evidence  and  defence, 
and  iiftcr  due  deliberation  thereon,)  the  court  find  briga- 
dier-general William  Hull  guilty  of  the  Jirst,  second  and 
fourth  specifications  under  that  charge  ;  and  also  guilty  of 
the  third  specification  under  that  charge,  except  that  paii 
\vhich  charges  the  s$iid  brtgadier-geiieral  William  Hull 
will)  **  forbidding  the  American  ar.tillery  to  fire  on  the 
enemy  on  their  miH'Ch  towards  the  said  fort  Detroit/' 

The  courtiind  the  said  brigadier-general  William  Hull 
guilty  of  the  second  charge. 

Qn  the  third  charge,  the  court  after  having  heard  the 
evidence,  (as  well  as  the  defence^  and  after  due  delibera* 
tion,  find  the  said  brigadier-gtfiieral  William  Hull  guilty 
of  neglect  of  duty,  and  unofiicer-like  conduct,  as  charged 
in  the  first  jipecificatipn  under  this  charge,  in  omitting,  with 
sufficient  c^.re  and  frequency,  to  inspect,  train,  exercise,  and 
order,  and  to  cause  to  be  trained,  inspected,  exercised  and 
ordered  the  troops  under  his  command,  from  the  b'xth  day 
of  July,  until  the  seventeenth  day  of  August,  1812:  and 
acquit  him  of  the  residue  of  Uie  charge  contained  in  that 
gpecificatiofi. 

The  court  acquit  the  said  brigadier-general  William 
Hull  of  the  second  and  third  specifications  of  the  same 
charge. 

The  court  find  the  said  brigadier-general  William  Hull 
guilty  of  the  whole  of  the  fourth  specification  of  that  charge, 
except  that  part  which  charges  him  with  not  seasonably  re- 
pairing, fitting,  and  transporting,  or  cau:>ing  to  be  fitted,  re- 


\ 


■  Iff*  ■  ■ 

■I' 


1 


(ih^l 


*['■ 


i    ! 


•  ■  I 


Hi 


liif 


1 
I 

''t'.i 


is  P 


140 


HISTORY  Of   TUK  MAR. 


pnired,  nnil  transported,  llie  ptnis  and  gi\ri-cnrriajif«  s  wliith 
were  necessary  to  the  operaliuiis  ot  the  Mur  in  the  suul 
British  province  ot*  Upper  CunHdn. 

The  court  tind  the  Mtiid  l>ri^^ndier-|[roneral  Williuni  HjII 
gudty  ufso  nnich  of  the  fit'tli  Npccitication  to  that  chari>;e  a.s 
relates  to  neglect  of  duty  nnd  unoHicer-like  condnci,  ut 
suH'erin^  his  coiiununication  with  the  river  Kaisni  and  the 
slate  ot  Ohio,  to  be  cut  off,  and  henduig;  major  Van  lluru 
to  attempt  to  open  the  same  with  an  adequate  force  ;  lie 
the  SHid  brigadier-geneiml  William  Hull,  having  reason  to 
know  or  believe  the  same  was  in&iulHcient ;  and  the  court 
acquit  him  of  the  residue  of  that  specification. 

The  court  find  the  said  brigadier-general  William  Hull 
guiity  of  the  sixth  and  seventh  specifications  of  tir.tt  charge, 

The  court  find  the  said  brigadier  general  William  Hull 
guilty  of  the  third  charge. 

The  court  then  adjourned  to  meet  to-morrow  morning  :;i 
10  o'clock.  I  .      :-  .     "       •        .  *  > 

March  2G,iS\4 

The  court  met  pursuant  to  adjournment. 

PRESENT — All  the  members. 

The  court,  in  consequence  of  their  determination  respec- 
ting the  second  and  third  charges,  and  the  specifications 
under  these  charges,  exhibited  against  the  said  brigadier- 
general  William  Hull,  and  after  due  consideration,  do 
sentence  htm  to  be  shot  to  deaths  two  tliirds  of  the  court 
coijcurring  in  the  sentence. 

The  court,  in  consideration  of  brigadier-general  Hull's 
revolutionary  services,  and  his  advanced  age,  earnestly  re- 
commend him  to  the  mercy  of  the  President  of  the  U  Stales. 

The  court  then  adjourned  to  meet  on  Monday  morning 
next,  at  10  o'clock 

i¥arc/t  28, 1814. — The  court  met  pursuant  to  adjourn- 
men.t — pkksen  i — Ail  the  mfmbera. 

The  proceedings  having  been  read  over,  and  approved 
and  signed  by  the  President,  the  court  then  adjourned,  sine 
die.  H .  DE A K  BOEN.  President  of  the  court. 

M.  V.  IWIX^^,  special  judye  adxGcale. 
PHILIPS  PARKER,  Anny  judge  advocate,  assistant. 
April  2o,  1814 — The  sentence  of  the  Court  is  approved^ 
and  the  execution  of  it  remilled. 

JAMES  MADISON. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  U'AK. 


141 


liv  (Vircclions  ot  llje  r(»nil  nuirMnl  thf  Pre«ii«lciil  ufavo  ihe 
lollt'Winpf  dirertionn  loCieniTnl  liiiM  : 

Albauj/i  March'lH,  IHM.  Sir — Yon  will  pit-ase  irhini 
10  voiir  iisuiil  |)lrtfi'  ol"  reMitlt* iu*e  in  Msissju'lmsclls,  a. id 
llierc  coiilimie  until  , on  shall  rective  order?*  from  Ihe  Pr*-- 
si(lciilofllieLInile<'  Stiiiew.  ^> 

Yonrhumbh;  Hfrvant, 
IJ.  DF.AHBORN,  President  of  the  conrl  martial. 
Atljl.  and  Inap.  (ti'ncral'n^iffice,  WusliirifjUm  /l/n*.  25,  18M. 

Gfiif  KRAL  ORDERS  1  he  roll  of  the  army  is  not  to  hir 
longer  dishonored  hy  having'  upon  it  the  name  of  brigadier 
(leileral  Wdliam  Hull.  '" 

The  general  court  aiarlial  of  which  Major- Genera! 
Oearhorn  is  President,  is  hereby  dissolved.     By  order, 

.1.  B.  WALBACH,  Adjl.  Gen. 


•V  t 


PORTER  S  VICTORY. 

Ckipt.  Ferler  to  the  Secretary  oj  the  Navt/. 

U.  S.  F.  Essex  at  sea.  August  17,  1312. 

SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  on  the  1 3th 
jnst.  his  Britannic  majesty's  sloop  of  war  Alert,  Capt.  T.  P. 
Laugharne,  ran  down  on  our  wetiiher  quarter,  gave  three 
cheers,  and  commenced  an  action  (If  so  trifling  a  skirmish 
deserves  the  name)  and  after  8  mmutes  firing  struck  her 
colors,  with  7  feet  water  in  her  hold,  and  much  cut  to  pieces, 
und  three  men  wounded. 

I  need  uot  inform  vou  that  the-  officers  and  crew  of  the 
Essex  behaved  as  1  trust  all  Americans  will  in  such  cases, 
and  it  is  only  to  be  regretted  ihat  so  much  zeal  and  activi- 
ty could  not  have  been  displayed  on  an  occasion  which 
would  have  done  them  more  honor.  The  Essex  has  not  re- 
ceived the  slightest  injury. 

The  Alert  was  out  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  Hornet! 

I  have  ihe  honor  to  be,  &c. 

DAVID  PORTER. 
Capt.  Porter  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

!•  IT.  S.  F.  Essex,  at  sea,  August 20. 

SIR — Finding  myself  much  embarrassed  by  the  Alert, 
from  the  great  number  of  prisoners  we  have  already  made, 
[about  .300]  I  concluded  that  before  our  arrival  in  America, 
the  number  would  be  considerably  augmented,  and  as  soon 
:!»  T  found  my  provisions  and  water  getting  short,  «nd  be- 


11 


142 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UAH. 


,i{;i"i' 


!ii'i 


' ' '  I 


fc 


^ll 


ihillif'NiJ 


k  4 


I'M 


*  'i 


Hi 


i'  I 


«i 


!: 


M 


ing  well  Hatifified  that  a  plan  had  hceii  organized  by  them  f«>r 
rising  on  the  ship  in  the  event  of  un  eii^ugemenl ;  I  cunfliiU 
ered  li  to  be  the  interest  of  my  country  to  get  clear  of  tlicm 
as  speedily  ns  o'^ssible,  particularly  uh  I  was  well  assured 
that  immuliately  on  tlieir  arrival  in  St.  o!oiin§  an  etjual 
number  of  my  countrymen  would  he  released  and  And  a 
fiure  and  immediate  conveyance.  I  therefo4'e  diew  up 
"writteo  stipulations  corresponding^  with  the  accompanying 
letters  ;  4hrew  all  the  ^uns  of  the  Alert  overboai'd  ;  wilb- 
drew  from  her  all  the  men  belonging  to  tl»e  Essex  ;  a|)- 
pointed  Lieut.  J.  P.  Wilner  to  command  \wr  as  a  cartel, 
put  all  my  prisoners  on  board  of  her,  ai»d  dispatched  her 
lor  St.  .lohns,  in  Newfoundland,  with  orders  to  proceed 
from  thence  to  New- York  with  such  Americans  as  he  may 
receive  in  exchange. 

At  a  more  suitable  opportunity  I  shall  do  myself  the 
honor  to  lay  before  you  copies  of  every  paper  relative  to 
this  transaction,  9  10  sincerely  hope  that  my  conduct  in  tiiiti 
affair  may  meet  with  your  approbation. 

As  the  Essex  has  been  so  annoying  about  Bermuda,  No- 
va Scotia,  and  Newfoundland,  I  expect  I  shall  have  toruQ 
the  gauntlet  through  their  cruisers ;  you  may  however  rest 
assured  that  all  a  ship  of  her  size  can  do  shall  be  done,  and 
:whatever  may  be  our  fate,  our  countrymen  sl^aLl  never 
blush  for  us.  ; '   , 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

D.  PORTER. 


Capt  Taylor  to  Gen.  Harrison. 

Fort  Harrison,  Sept.  10, 1812. 
Dear  Sir — On  Thursday  evening,  the  3d  inst  after  re-p 
treat  beating,  four  guns  were  heard  to  tire  in  the  direction 
(where  two  young  men  (citizens  who  resided  here)  were 
making  hay,  about  40()  yards  distant  from  the  fort.  I  was 
immediatelFy  impressed  with  an  idea  that  they  were  killed 
by  the  Indians,  as  I  had  that  day  been  informed  that  the 
Prophet's  party  would  soon  be  here  for  the  purpose  of  com- 
mencing hostilities.  Prudence  induced  me  to  wait  until 
8  o'clock  the  next  morning,  when  I  sent  out  a  corporal  with 
a  small  party  to  tind  them,  which  he  soon  did;  they  had 
been  each  shot  with  two  balls,  and  scalped  and  cut  in  the 
i>iiost  shocking  manner.     I  had  them  brought  in  and  burie^. 


HISTORY  or  THE  WAR. 


14;) 


jn  the  evenings  of  the  4th  iimt.  old  Joseph  Lenar,  and  l>e- 
iwecii  30  and  40  Indians  arrived  from  \Uv  Prophei'i?  town, 
with  a  white  fla^  ;  among  whom  were  ahuut   ten  women  : 
the  men  were  composed  of  chiefs  of  the   different  tnbet 
ih»t  compose  the  Prophtt's  party.     A  Hhawanoe  man,  that 
Mnokcji^ond  English,  informed  me  that  old  Lenar  intended  to 
speak  to  me  next  morni  ig,  and  try  to  get  something  toeal. 
A*  retreat  beating,  1  examined  the  men's  arms,  and  found 
tliem  all  in  good  order,  »nd  completed  tlieir  cartridges   to 
]{)  rounds  per  man.     As  I  had  not  been  able  to   mount  a 
•ruiird  of  more  than  six  privates  and  two  non-cummissioned 
oiheers,  for  some  time  past,  and   sometimes  part  of  tlieui 
every  other  day,  from  the  unhealthineso  of  the  company  ;  I 
had  not  conceived  my  force  adequate  for  the  defence  of 
lliis  post,  should  it  be  vigorously  attacked.     1  had  just  re- 
covered from  a  very  severe  attack  of  tho  fever,  and  was 
nut  able  to  be  up  much  through  the  night.     After  tattoo  I 
cautioned  the  guard  to  be  vigilant,  and  ordered  one  of  the 
non-commissioned  officers,  as  centinels  could  not  see  every 
part  of  the  garrison,  to  walk  around  on  the  inside  during 
the  whole  night,  to  prevent  the  Indians  taking  any  advan- 
tage of  us,  provided  they  had  any  intention  of  attacking  us. 
About  11  o'clock,  I  was  awakened  by  the  tiring  of  one  of 
the  centinels;  1  sprang  up,  run  out,  and  ordered   the  men 
to  their  posts  ;  when  my  orderly  sergeant  (who  had  charge 
of  the  upper  block  house)  called  out  that  the  Indians  had 
tired  the  lower  block  house  (which  contained  the  property 
ut*  the  contractor,  which  was  deposited  in  the  lower  part, 
the  upper  part  having  been  assigned  to  a  corporal  and  ten 
privates,  as  an  alarm  post.)     The  guns  had  begun  to  fire 
prelty  smartly  from  both  sides.     1  directed  the  buckets  to 
be  got  ready,  and  water  brought  from  the  well,  and  the  fire 
extinguished  immediately,  as  it  was  hardly  perceivable  at 
that  time ;  but  from  debility  or  some  other  cause,  the  men 
were  very  slow  in  executing  my  orders — the  word^Ve  ap- 
peared to  throw  the  whole  of  them  into  confusion  ;  and  by 
the  time  they  had  got  the  water,  and  broken  open  the  door, 
the  tire  had  unfortunately  communicated   to  a   quantity  of 
whiskey  (the  stock  having  licked  several  holes  through  the 
lower  pvu't  of  the  building,  after  the  salt  that   was  stored 
there,  through  which  they  had  introduced  the  tire  without 
being  discovered,  as  the  night  was  very  <lavk.)  and  in  spite 


^ 


ii 


li!: 


>   ,, 


i 


: 


Hi^l 


h 
J 


1^ 


■!  'i 


li! 


iJ    J 

,  1   :    W 

ill::!: 


11, 


:i 


U4 


IIISTOftV  or  TETE  WAR. 


of  every  exerlion  we  cnuM  make  use  of,  in  \p%%  llian  a  mo- 
ineiii  il  ascencliMl  lo  the  roof  und  liiitHed  hIi  our  etforls  to  e\. 
tiii|(ui8li  it.  As  that  Mock  lioiisi-  aiijoiMeil  th<^  Imrr.iclvi 
that  make  part  of  tho  fortiHrationn,  mont  of  tho  men  uiinie- 
diatiily  (^nve  themnelveH  up  for  lost,  and  I  had  the  (rreatcst 
ditiiruUy  in  |^ettiii|^  iiny  ot'my  otders  exeonted  -  and,  Nir, 
what  from  the  ratfintr  of  the  firo — the  yelling'  and  howlinfj 
of  several  hundred  Indians — Iho  cries  of  nine  women  aiHi 
children  ^a  part  soldiers'  and  a  part  citizens  wives,  who  had 
taken  shelter  m  the  fort) — and  the  despoHdini^  of  so  many 
of  the  men,  which  was  worse  than  all,  I  can  assure  you  Ihal 
my  feeling's  were  very  unpleasant;  and  indeed  there  were 
not  more  than  10  or  Id  men  able  to  do  n  jy^reat  deal,  the 
others  heinj;  either  sick  or  convalescent — and  to  add  to  our 
other  misfortunes,  two  of  the  stoutest  men  in  the  fort,  and 
that  I  had  every  confidence  iii,jiim[)ed  the  picket  and  left 
us.  But  my  presence  of  mind  did  not  for  a  moment  for- 
sake me.  I  saw,  by  throwing"  off  part  of  the  roof  that  join- 
ed the  block  house  that  was  on  tire,  and  keeping  the  end 
perfectly  wet,  the  whole  row  of  buildings  mi^ht  be  saved, 
and  leave  only  an  entrance  of  18  or  20  feet  for  the  Indiana 
to  enter  after  the  house  \a  as  consumed  ;  and  that  a  tempo- 
rary breast-work  mij^ht  be  erected  to  ]»revent  their  even 
entering^  there.  I  convinced  the  men  that  this  could  be 
accomplished,  and  it  appeared  to  inspire  them  with  new 
life,  and  never  did  men  act  with  more  iirmness  and  despe- 
ration. Those  that  were  abie  (while  the  others  kept  up  a 
constant  fire  from  the  »)ther  block  house,  and  the  two  bas- 
tions) mounted  the  roofs  of  the  houses  with  Dr.  Clark  at 
their  head,  who  acted  with  the  j^reatest  firmness  and  pre- 
sence of  mind,  the  whole  time  the  attack  lasted,  which  was 
7  hours,  under  a  shower  of  bullets,  and  in  a  moment  threw 
off  as  much  of  the  roof  as  was  necessary.  This  was  done 
only  with  the  loss  of  one  man,  and  two  wounded,  and  1  am 
in  hopes  neither  of  them  dangerous. — The  man  that  wns 
killed  was  a  little  deranged,  and  did  not  gel  off  the  house 
as  soon  as  directed,  or  he  would  not  have  been  hurt;  and 
although  the  barracks  were  several  times  in  a  blaze,  and 
an  immense  quantity  of  fire  ag'ainst  them,  the  men  used 
such  exertions  that  they  kept  it  under,  and  before  day 
raised  a  temporary  breasl-woik  as  high  as  a  man's  head; 
although  the  Indians  continued  to  pour  in  a  heavy  fire  oi 


UISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


146 


ball.nnd  an  iniiumeralile  <|iiai)tity  of  arrows,  duriuf*'  the 
uliole  liiiU'llit-atUrk  lahted.  I  liaii  Imtoiii'  oilier  iiiaii  kilU 
«il  inside  the  fort,  and  \w  losl  U\h  life  l>y  liciiii;  loo  uiixious  ; 
Ije  •j^ot  into  one  of  the  gallics  of  lliu  bastion  .  and  tired  over 
tilt;  pirkelH,  and  called  ouU«>  his  com raden  that  he  had  kill- 
cil  an  Indian,  and  neij^lcetin^  to  mIooi)  down,  in  an  nifitant 
he  was  hhol  dead.  One  of  the  men  that  jum[»ed  the  pirk- 
t Is, returned  an  hour  before  day*  uud  runninjj^  up  towards 
the  tjale,  bej^u^fed  for  God's  sake  for  it  to  be  opened.  I 
!sus|)ecled  it  to  be  u  »trala<jfem  of  the  Indians  to  ij^et  in,  as 
I  did  not  recollect  the  voice — I  directed  the  men  in  the 
b.islion,  where  I  happened  to  be,  to  shool  him  let  him  be 
ulio  he  would,  and  one  of  them  tired  at  him,  but  fortunately 
lie  run  up  to  the  oilier  baslion,  where  they  knew  bis  voice, 
ujid  Dr.  Clark  directed  him  to  lie  down  close  to  the  pick- 
(Is  behind  and  empty  barrel  that  happened  to  be  ihei-'j,  and 
at  (lay  li^ht  I  had  him  let  in.  His  arm  was  broken  in  a 
most  shocking  manner,  which  he  says  was  done  by  the  In- 
dians— which  I  suppose  was  the  cause  of  his  returning — I 
think  it  probable  that  he  wdl  not  recover.  The  other,  they 
raug'ht  about  120  yards  from  the  garrison,  and  cut  him  all 
to  pieces.  After  keeping  up  a  constant  tire  until  about  six 
o'clock  the  next  morning,  which  we  returned  with  some 
effect ;  after  day  light,  they  removed  out  of  the  reach  of 
our  guns.  A  party  of  them  drove  up  the  horses  that  be- 
longed to  the  citizens  here,  and  as  they  could  not  catch 
Iheiiivery  readily,  shot  the  whole  of  ihem  in  our  sight,  as 
well  as  a  number  of  their  hogs.  They  drove  off  the  whole 
ot  Die  cattle,  which  amounted  to  sixty-tive  head,  as  well  as 
the  public  oxen.  I  had  the  vacancy  titled  up  before  night, 
(which  was  made  by  the  burning  of  the  block  house)  with 
a  strong  row  of  pickets,  which  1  got  by  pulling  down  the 
j;uard  house.  We  lost  the  whole  of  our  provisions,  but 
must  make  out  to  live  upon  green  corn  until  we  can  get  a 
supply,  which  I  am  in  hopes  will  not  be  long.  I  believe 
the  whole  of  the  Miamies,  or  Weas,  were  among  the 
Prophet's  party,  as  one  chief  gave  his  orders  in  that  lan- 
guage, which  resembled  Stone  Eater's  voice,  and  I  believe 
Negro  Legs  was  there  likewise.  The  Indians  suffered 
Muartlv,  but  were  so  immerous  as  to  lake  ofi'  all  that  were 
shot. 

Z.  TAYLOR 
19 


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■'Hi 


Cepy  of  a  letter  from  Major  Thomas  S.  Jessnp  and  Jmine.i 

Taylor  Q.  M,  Gen.  iV.   U'.  Army  to  a  gentleman  in 

Washington  City,  dated 

Chilicothe,  (Ohio)  Oct.  7.  18)2. 

Sir— Your  letter  has  been  rt'ceived,  requesting'  from  us 
a  corroboration  of  Co!.  Cass's  statement  to  the  Secretarv  ot 
War,  of  the  surrender  of  the  north-western  army.  We 
have  read  the  Colonel's  statement  with  attention,  and  find 
it  a  pretty  correct  history  cf  our  situation,  althongh  we 
have  observed  that  some  important  facts  have  been  omilled. 
We  have  also  read  and  examined  the  oftk-ial  report  of 
Gen.  Hull,  and  huve  found  it  abounding  with  iiiaccnracieg 
and  niisstuteaientR  ;  the  General  has  not  only  underrated 
his  own  force,  but  has,  in  our  opinicHi,  magnihed  nitiMJtely 
that  of  the  enemy,  and  enuoierated  danglers  aiid  dilHcullies 
that  existed  only  in  imagination. 

That  the  lueani^  within  our  power  were  not  properly 
applied  is  a  melancholy  fact ;  and  that  the  army  was  uiu  e- 
cessarily  sacrificed,  and  the  American  arms  disgraced 
none  but  the  base  and  cowardly  will  atempt  to  deny. 

You  are  authorised  to  make  what  use  you  may  think 
proper  of  this  letter. 

We  are  with  much  respect,  8ic. 

THOMAS  S.  JESSUK 
"^  Brigade  31a for  N.    IK  Army. 

JAMES  TAYLOii 
Q.3J.aen.N.   W.  Army. 


;.■}■■ 


Shirmishing — Capt.  Williams,  on  the  30th  of  August, 
with  '21  men,  antl  two  waggons,  while  proceeding  from 
St.  Mary's  to  St.  John's  river,  was  attacked  by  an  ambiis- 
caduisp  pai'ty  of  Indians,  who  killed  one  man  and  wounded 
six,  including  Capt.  Williams,  who  received  seven  wounds; 
three  through  one  hand,  and  four  in  one  leg. — He  effected 
a  retreat  about  200  yar^ls  to  a  swamp,  where  he  made  u 
stand,  and  fought  until  all  the  ammunition  was  expended 
on  both  sides,  when  the  Indians  made  an  attempt  with 
their  tomahawks,  which  this  little  band  soon  put  a  stop  to, 
by  charging  bayonel,  and  rushing  on  them.  The  Indians 
destroyed  one  waggon  and  took  the  other  to  carry  off  their 
killed  and  wounded.  Capt.  Willinms  then  proceeded  to 
St.  John*s  with  his  well  and  wounded,  excepting  one  man, 


HISTORY   OK  THE  WAR. 


147 


wilio  was  not  able  to  travel.  The  next  day  a  party  of  In- 
(liaii!»  reiuriied  to  the  spul,  wlieii  the  wuiiiided  man  roHeup 
:\s  well  as  he  cuuh),  and  called  U|)Qii  hi^  party  to  rush  iip^n 
thf>  Indians,  which  Ntarlled  ihein  in  Miich  a  manner  that  one 
(jl'tliem  «i|iriiiijj^  tVoiii  hi8  liorsie,  which  tlui  wounded  man 
cuuij'ht  and  arrived  safe  at  St.  John's. 

Capl.  Forsyth,  with  70  of  his  rifle  company*  and  34  mili- 
tia volunteers,  on  the  night  ot  the  20tU  September,  1812, 
wHit  over  to  a  small  village  called  Gananoque  in  the  town 
ot  L''eds  from  Cape  Vincent,  for  the  {Mirpose  of  detitroy- 
iiig-  the  kin^s  store  house  at  Itiat  place  They  lauded  un- 
observed, but  were  soon  discovered  by  a  party  of  regulars 
of  about  120,  and  tired  upon. — Capt.  Forsyth  returned  the 
fire  w  ith  such  spirit,  that  the  enemy  were  obliged  to  retreat 
to  Ihe  village,  where  they  were  reiid'orced  by  a  uuraber  of 
niilitia,  and  again  rallied,  i^iit  finding  the  contest  too  san- 
guii>e,  retreated  the  second  time  in  disorder,  leaving  10  kill- 
ed and  8  re^rulars  and  a  number  of  militia  prisoners : 
Ca;jtuin  Forvyth  had  only  one  man  killed  and  one 
slii^htly  woufided.  After  destroying  the  store  house, 
with  a  quantity  of  flour  and  pork,  our  little  bnjid  of 
heroes,  returned  to  Cape  Vincent,  taking  with  them  the 
prisoners,  60  stand  of  arms,  two  barrels  of  tixed  ammuni- 
tion, one  barrel  of  powder,  one  barrel  of  flints,  and  a  quan> 
tity  of  other  ])ul;iic  property  taken  from  the  store-house. 

On  the  '1th  of  October,  alxxit  iorty  Britisli  boats  escorted 
hy  two  gun  boats,  pttemptei'  to  pass  from  Johnstown  to 
Pnscott,  by  Ogdensburg. — On  their  leaving  Johnstown, 
the  batteries  at  Prescott  opened  on  Ogdensburg,  and  kept 
up  a  brisk  Are,  whi?.h  was  returned  in  a  spirited  manner, 
and  continued  two  hours.  The  next  morning  the  enemy 
cummenced  a  heavy  cannonade  on  us  from  Prescott,  which 
was  continued  with  little  intermisa»u)iiftlu'OUgh  the  day  with> 
out  any  return  from  us ;  General  Brown  considered  it  use- 
less to  lire  such  a  distance.  The  enemy  was  very  busy 
during  the  day  in  (preparing  for  an  attack  on  Ogdensburg*^ 
tile  next  morning  about  10  o'clock*  25  boats,  aided  by  twa 
X^\n  boats  moved  up  the  river  tlH'ee  quarters  of  a  mile^ 
when  they  tacked  and  stood  i^ver  for  our  i^ore.  As  soon 
as  the  boats  changed  their  course,  the  batteries  from  Pres- 
cott opened  their  fire  upon  us,  which  was  not  answered  till 


) 
1 


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1      >  all, 


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M  i 


i 


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n\ 


148 


HISTORY  OF  IIIK  IV A K. 


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1 


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the  boalH  had  ndvanced  to  nhniit  the  middle  of  liie  rivf  r, 
when  our  batteries  commenced  a  tremendous  fire  up«Mi 
them,  which  destroyed  three,  and  caused  the  remainder  to 
aeek  shelter  under  the  batteries  ol  Prescoll.  CoU.  Lelhtid-jt 
and  BrecL?nridge,  led  the  British.  There  was  no-  unti 
man  either  killed  or  wounded  on  our  side,  whilst  the  c- 
emy  lost  twelve  killed  and  twenty  wounded. 

Affair  ai  St.  Regis. — Major  Young^.of  the  Troy,  N.  Y. 
mibtia,  stationed  at  French  Mills,  on  the  St.  Regis  river, 
having  received  intelligence  that  a  party  of  the  enemy  had 
arrived  at,  and  taken  possession  of  St.  Regis  village,  niaroli- 
ed  a  detachment,  on  the  night  of  the  21st  October,  which 
crossed  the  river  about  3  oV'lock,  and  arrived  within  half  a 
mile  of  the  village  by  5  in  the  morning,  unobserved  by  the 
enemy.  Here  the  Major  made  such  a  judicious  disposi- 
tion of  his  force,  that  the  enemy  were  entirely  surrounded, 
v/hen  a  few  discharges  caused  them  to  surrender,  after  hav- 
ing 5  killed,  ami  several  wounded. — The  result  of  this  af- 
fair was  forty  prisoners,  with  their  arms,  equipments,  -Sec 
one  stand  of  colors,  and  two  batteaux,  without  having  one 
man  hurt,  or  our  side. 

Major  Young  had  the  honor  of  taking  the  iirst  litandard 
from  the  f^nemy  in  the  present  war. 

Captain  Elliot  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Black  Rock,  Oct.  y,  1812. 
SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  Stninst.  two  British  vessels,  which  I  was^inform- 
ed  were  his  Britannic  majest)f*s  brig  Detroit,  late  the  U. 
Slates  brig  Adams,  and  the  brig  Hunter,  mounting  14 
guns,  but  which  afterwards  proved  to  be  the  brig  Caledo- 
nia, both  said  to  be  well  armed  and  manned,  came  down 
the  Lake  and  anchored  under  the  protection  of  Fort  Erie. 
Having  been  on  the  lines  for  sometime  and  in  a  measure 
inactively  employed,  I  determined  to  make  an  attack,  and 
if  possible  to  get  possession  of  them.  A  strong  inducement 
to  this  attempt  arose  from  a  conviction  that  with  these  two 
vessels  added  Ip  those  which  I  have  purchased  and  am  tit- 
ting  out,  I  should  be  able  to  meet  the  remainder  of  the  Bri- 
tish force  on  the  Upper  Lakes,  and  save  an  incalculable  ex- 
pense and  labor  to  the  government.  On  the  morning  of 
Iheir  arrival  I  heard  that  our  seamen  were  but  a  short  dis^ 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


149 


utnce  from  lliis  place,  nnd  immediately  dispatched  nn  Ex- 
iiress  to  the  utHcers,  directing  lheii>  to  nSe  all  potisible  dis- 
iv.ttch  i'l  j^etting  their  men  to  ihis  place,  as  I  had  important 
^et  \  ice  to  perform.  On  their  arrival,  which  >vas  about 
1*2  o'clock  I  diKcovered  that  they  had  only  20  pisiolii  and 
nfttiicr  ciitlasHes  nor  battle  axcM.  But  on  application  to 
Generals  Smith  and  Flail  of  the  rcgulaiv  and  militia,  1  was 
siijiiilied  w1lha  few  arms,  and  iiCn.  Smith  was  agood  on 
niv  reipiest  as  immediately  to  detatch  tifty  men  from  the  reg- 
ulars, armed  with  muikets.  .J'*"  ;  f /.(.r*/ 
By  1  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  I  had  my  men  selected 
and  stationed  in  two  boats,  which  I  had  previously  prepared 
(or  the  purpose.  With  these  boats,  6(1  men  in  each,  and 
under  circumstances  very  disadvantageous,  my  men  having 
scarcely  had  time  to  refresh  themselves  after  a  fatiguing* 
march  of  500  miles,  I  put  off  from  the  mouth  of  Buffalo 
creek,  at  1  o'clock  the  following  mcrning,  and  at  3  I  was 
along  side  the  vessels.  In  the  space  of  about  ten  minutes  I 
had  the  prisoners  all  secured,  the  topsails  sheeted  home,  and 
the  vessels  under  way.  Unfortunately  the  wind  was  not 
iufficientiy  strong  to  get  me  up  af^ainst  a  rapid  current  into 
the  Lake,  whei-e  i  had  understood  another  armed  vessel  lay 
at  anchor,  and  I  was  obliged  to  run  down  the  river  by  the 
Forts,  under  a  heavy  fire  of  round,  grape, and  canister,  from 
a  number  of  pieces  of  heavy  ordnance,  and  several  pieces 
of  Hying  artillery  and  compelled  to  anchor  at  a  distance  of 
about  400  yards  from  two  of  their  batteries.  Afler  the  dis- 
ciiai  ge  of  the  first  gun,  which  was  from  the  flying  artillery, 
1  hailed  the  shore,  and  observed  to  the  officer,  that  if  another 
i;un  was  fired  1  would  bring  the  prisoners  on  deck,  and  ex- 
pose them  to  the  same  fate  we  would  all  share — but  notwith- 
8tancling,they  disregarded  the  caution  and  continued  a 
constant  and  destructive  tire.  One  single  moment's  reflec- 
tion determined  me  not  to  commit  an  act  tliat -would  subject 
me  to  the  imputation  ci  barbarity.  The  Caledonia  had 
been  beached,  in  as  safe  a  position  as  the  circumstances 
would  admit  of,  under  one  of  our  batteries  at  the  Biack 
Rock.  I  now  brought  all  the  guns  of  the  Detroit  on  one 
side  next  the  enemy,  stationed  the  men  at  them,  and  direct- 
ed afire  which  was  continued  as  long  as  our  ammunition 
lasted  and  circumstances  permitted.  During  the  contest  I 
endeavored  to  gel  the  Detroit  on  our  side  by  seoding  a 


n^ji' 


( 


jj 


i\ 


■J 


r 


I6lt 


niSTURY  or  THEWAIl. 


line,  there  iieiiic^  no  wind,  on  shore,  wilh  all  the  line  I  coutd 
inutitor  ;  but  the  current  bein^  so  Ntrong,  the  IkxiI  cuuld 
not  rencb  the  Ahore.  1  then  hailed  our  shore,  and  requeHl. 
ed  that  warptt  should  be  made  last  on  Innd,  and  sent  ou 
bo^rdftlie  attempt  to  all  which  attain  proved  Uselesn.  Aii 
the  lire  was  stich  a»  would,  in  all  {>robability,  sink  the  ves. 
»el  in  u  short  time,  I  determined  to  drift  down  the  river  out 
of  the  reach  of  the  batteries,  and  make  a  stand  against  ih^ 
%ing  artillery,  (accordingly  cut  tlie  cable,  made  suii 
I  \  with  very  light  airs,  and  at  that  instant  discovered   that  tho 

I'  f  pilot  had  abandoned  me.     I  dropped   astern  for   about  10 

tninutes,  when  I  was  brought  up  on  our  shore  on  Scjuaw 
Island — got  the  boarding  boat  ready,  had  the  prisoners 
put  in  and  ttent  m\  shore,  with  directions  for  tlie  officer  to 
return  for  me  stnd  what  property  we  could  get  frum  the 
brig.  He  di<i  not  return,  owing  to  the  difliculty  in  Ihe 
boat's  getting  on  shore.  Discovering  a.  skiff  under  the 
Counter,  I  put  the  four  remaining  prisoners  in  the  boat,  and 
with  my  officers  I  went  or.  shore  to  bring  the  boat  oti'.  I 
asked  for  protection  to  the  brig  of  Lieut.  Col.  Scott  who 
,,      „.  readily  gave  it.     At  this  moment  1  discovered  a  boat  wilh 

I    III! !!   I  if  »bout  40  soldiers  from  the  British  side,  making  for  the  brig. 

They  got  on  board,  but  were  soon  compelled  to  abandon 
her,  with  the  loss  of  nearly  all  their  men.  Major  Ormsbee, 
commatidant  of  Fort  Erie,  and  '60  privates  were  killed^ 
while  on  board.  During  the  wliole  of  this  morning  both 
sides  of  the  river  kept  up  alternately  a  <^ontinual  fire  on  the 
brig,  and  so  much  injured  her  that  it  was  impossible  to  have 
floated  her.  Before  I  left  her,  she  had  several  shot  of  large 
si/.e  in  her  bends,  hersaiis  iu  ribbons,  and  digging  all  cut 
to  pieces,  >.    '.-,  -    .;■ 

To  my  officers  and  men  I  feel  under  great  obligation. 
To  Capt.  Tovvsoii  and  Lieut.  Roach  of  the  2d  regiment,  ot 
artillery,  Ensign  Preslman  of  the  infantry,  Cnpt.  Chapin, 
Mr.  John  M'Comb,  Messrs.  John  Town,  Thomas  Dain, 
PeterOverstocks,  and  James  Sloan,  resident  gentlemen  ol 
Buffalo,  for  their  soldier  and  sailor  like  conduct.  In  a 
word,  sir,  every  man  fought  as  if  with  their  hearts  animated 
only  by  tlie  interest  and  honor  of  their  country. 

The  prisoners  I  have  turned  over  to  the  military.  The 
Detroit  mounted  fourteen  long  guns,  and  two  small  guns, 
blunderbusses,  pistols,  muskets,  cutlasses,  and  boardiog 
pikrs 


HISTORY  QW  THE  WAR. 


.t 


Ul 


The  Caledonia  beloiigdlo  Uie  N.  W.  Company,  loaded 
with  furs  worth  1  undc-rstooil  82<N>,0<)0.    - 

I  have  tho  honor  to  he,  Sec.  ' 

JESSED.  ELLIOT. 

•.'*'•"■■         AMERICAN  LOS9.  '<*• 

Killed  2 — wounded  0.  '  '       '»"; 

BKITISII  LOSS.  "' 

•     -  Killedai— Prisoners  111. 


i"* 


> 


Hi- 


Extract  of  a  h  Her  from  Capt.  HeaUlt  '    '  •* 

Dated  Pitthburg,  Oct.  23,  1812. 
On  ihe  9th  of  Au&rust  last,  I  received  orders  from  G»n^ 
Hull  to  evacuate  the  post  and  proceed  with  nmy  command 
to  Detroit  by  land,  leavinsf  it  at  my  discretion  to  dispose 
of  the  pul-iic  property  as  I  thought  projier.  The  neifrhbor- 
ing  Indians  got  the  information  as  early  as  I  Jid,  and  came 
in  trom  all  quarters  in  order  to  receive  tlin  goods  in  the 
factory  store  which  ihey  understood  were  to  be  given  them. 
On  the  13th,  Cnpt.  Wells,  of  fort  Wayne,  arrived  with 
about  30  Miamies,  for  the  purpose  of  escorting  us  in,  by 
the  request  of  General  Hnll.  On  the  I4lh  I  deliveped  the 
Indians  all  the  goods  in  the  factory  store,  and  n  consider- 
able quantity  of  provisions  which  we  could  not  take  away 
with  us.  The  surplus,  '^nd  ammunition  I  thought  proper 
to  destroy,  fearing  they  would  make  bad  use  of  it  if  put  in 
their  possession.  I  also  destroyed  all  the  liquor  on  hand 
soon  after  they  began  to  collect.  The  collection  was  ur- 
usually  large  for  that  place,  bnt  they  conducted  with  the 
strictest  propriety  till  alter  1  left  the  fort.  On  the  l«5th,  at 
9  in  the  morning,  we  eommenceii  onr  march  ;  a  part  of 
the  Miamies  were  df^tached  in  front  and  Ihe  remainder  in 
oar  rear,  as  guards,  under  the  direction  of  Capt.  -Wells. 
The  situation  of  the  country  rendered  it  necessary  for  us4o 
take  the  beach,  with  the  lake  on  our  left,  and  a  high  sand 
bank  on  our  right,  at  about  100  vards  distance.  We  had 
proceeded  about  a  mile  and  a  half,  when  it  was  discovered 
that  the  Indians  were  preparing  to  attack  us  from  behind 
the  bank.  I  inmiediately  marched  up  with  the  company 
to  the  top  of  the  bank,  when  the  action  commenced  ;  ultei' 
firing  one  round,  we  charged,  and  the  Indians  gav*:  way 
in  front  and  joined  those  on  our  flanks.  In  about  15  min- 
utes they  got  possession  of  all  our  horses,  provisions,  and 


r 


I], 


I'll 

" 

. 

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II 

it 


162 


B13XOBY  OF  THE  WAB. 


4. 


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Hi 


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I'  r 


M,  ! 


if 


3 


y 


baggage  of  every  description,   and   finding  the  ATiauii>s 
did  not  assist  uh,  I  drew  off  the  men  I  had  left  and  touk 
possession  of  a  small  elevation  in  the  open  prairie  out  of 
snot  of  the  bank  or  any  other  cover.     The  Indians  did  not 
follow  me,  but  assembled  in  a  body  on  the  top  of  the  bank, 
and,  after   some   consuU-adon  among   themselves,  made 
signs  for  me  to  approach  them.     I  advanced  towards  thcno 
alone  and  was  met  by  one  of  the  Potawattamie  chiefs  caU 
led  the  Black  Bird,  with  an   interpreter.     After  shaking' 
ha'ids,he  requested  me  to  surrender,  promising  to  spare  the 
lives  of  all  the  prisoners.     On  a  few   moments  considera- 
tion, I  concluded  it  would  be  most  prudeitt  to  comply  with 
his  request,  although  I  did  not  put  entire  confidence  in  his 
promise.     After  delivering  up  our  arms,  we  were  takeii 
back  to  their  encampment  near  the  fort,  and  distrii>uted 
among  the  different  tribes.     The  next  morning  the^   set 
lire  to  the  fort  and  left  the  place,  taking  the  prisoners  with 
them.     Their  number  of  warriors  was   biiween  four  and 
live  hundred,  mostly  of  the  Potawattamie  nation,  and  their 
loss,  from  the  best  information  I  could  get,  was  about  15. 
Our  strength  was  54  regulars  and  12  militia,  out  of  which 
26  regulars,  and  all  the  militia  were  killed  in  the  action, 
"with  two  women  and  twelve   children.     Ensign    George 
Ronan,  and  Dr.  Isaac  V,  Van  Vojrhis   of  my  company, 
"With  Capt.  Wells  of  fort  Wayne,  are  to  my   great  sorrow, 
numbered  among  the  dead.     Lieut.  Lina  T.  Helm,  with 
25  non-commisioned  officers  and  privates,  and  11   women 
and  children,  were  prisoners  when   we  were  separated. 
Mrs.  Heald  and  myself  were  taken  to  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
er St.  Joseph,  and,  being  both  badly  wounded,  were  per- 
mitted to  reside  with  Mr.  Burnet,  an  Indian  trader.     In  x 
few  days  after  oi'r  arrival  there,  the  Indians  all  went  otii'lo 
take  fort  Wayne,  and  in  their  nbsense  1  engaged  a  French- 
man to  take  us  to  Michilimackinac  by  water,  where  I  gave 
myself  up  as  a  prisoner  of  m  ar,  with  one  of  my  sergeants. 
The  commanding  officer,  Capt.  Hoberts,  offered  me  every 
assistance  in  his  power  to  render  our  situation  comfortable 
while  we  remained  there,  and  to   enable  us  to  proceed  on 
oi,r  journey.     To  him  I   gave   my   parole   of  honor  and 
came  on  to  Detroit  and  reported  myself  to   Col.  Proctor, 
V'ho  gave  us  a  passage  to  Bufl'aloe  -,  from  that  place  1  cauie 
^y  the  way  of  Presque  Isle  and  arrived  here  yesterday. 


HISTORY  OP  THB  WAR. 


16a 


f Alter  fftym  Mr.  S.  T.  Amlersim  enclosing  one  from  Com, 

Chauncey  to  the  ^Secrefaiyof  the  Savij.  "^' 

Sackett's  Harbor,  Nov.  13,  IHI2.— -at  nicrht.     i 

SIP— *iiue  the  enclosed  leller  from  the  Cominoilore 
yfiMi  written,  tlie  Growler  has  relumed  with  a  prize,  nrrl  ii 
her  Caplaiii  Brock,  brother  to  the  late  General  of  fh.it 
name,  with  the  bagafa'ge  of  the  latter.  By  the  prize  we 
Kanied  that  the  l^^ari  Moira  wasofi'the  False  Ducks,  and 
the  Commodore  hi>*i  put  oti'  in  a  snow  storm  in  the  hope 
of  cutting  hT  oti'  from  Kingston. 

From  information  rece.ved  from  Capt.  Brock,  there  is 
no  question  but  that  Kingston  is  very  strong'y  detended. 
He  expressed  surprise  to  tindour  vessels  had  got  out  of  the 
harbor  after  having  been  it ;  and  says  that  the  regiment  to 
which  he  belongs  is  quartered  there,  500  strong,  besides 
otiier  regulars,  and  a  well  appointed  militia.  The  resis- 
tance m''*ue  fully  justifies  this  report.  Be  aNSured,sir,  that 
in  the  action  of  which  the  Commodore  has  gi\en  you  aa 
account,  the  national  honor  has  been  most  ably  supported. 
In  great  haste,  &c. 

IbAMUEL  T.  ANDERSON. 
Com.  Chauncey  to  the  Secretory  of  the  A«t«/. 

"  Sackett's  Harbor,  Nov.  13,  1812. 

SIR — 1  arrived  here  la^t  evening  in  a  gale  of  wind,  the 
pilots  having  refused  to  keep  the  lake.  On  the  Gth  I  fell 
in  with  the  Royal  George,  and  chased  her  into  the  bay  of 
Quaiili,  where  I  lost  sight  ot  her  in  the  night.  On  the 
niuriiing  of  the  9lh,  we  again  got  sight  of  her  lymg  in 
Kingston  channel.  We  gave  chase,  and  followed  her  in- 
to the  harbor  of  Kingston,  where  we  engaged  her  a^id  the 
batteries  for  one  hour  and  45  minutes.  I  had  made  up  uiy 
mind  to  board  her,  but  she  was  so  well  protected  by  the 
batteries,  and  the  wind  blowing  directly  ii,  it  was  deemed 
imprudent  to  make  the  attempt  at  that  time ;  the  pilots  al- 
so refused  to  take  charge  of  the  vessel.  Under  these 
circumstances,  and  it  being  after  sun  down,  I  determiiicd 
to  haul  off  and  renew  the  attack  next  morning  We  brut 
up  in  good  order  under  a  heavy  tire  from  the  Royal  Geurge 
and  batteries,  to  4  mile  point,  wh^re  we  anchored.  It 
blew  heavy  in  squalls  from  the  wistward  during  the  niti;ht, 
and  there  was  every  appearance  of  a  gaieofwind.  The 
pilots  became  alarmed,  and  I  thought  it  most  prudent  to 

20 


i 


Ii 


Hi 


it 


^  f 


ipl 


;■    , 


u 


'  .l.  I 


mm 


r  f 


i 


il 


1^1 


IIISTOIIY  OP  TIIK  WAR. 


get  into  a  place  of  mow  safely.  1  llurcforo  (very  relm- 
ianlly)  (leteried  renewiiif^  the  aUuek  upon  the  ships  and 
forts  until  a  more  favoraliie  opportunily. 

In  our  passage  throu^^h  the  bn)  ot  Uiumti,  1  discov«  n  d 
a  schooner  at  the  village  of  Arnnnirsiown,  which  we  took 
possession  of,  hnt  tintlin^she  v^uuld  detain  ns  (beiii^r  thiu 
in  chase  of  the  Royal  (jeorije)  I  onlered  Lieut.  Maeplar- 
son  to  take  out  her  sails  aid  ri|i[<;in{r  ,\\u\  \n\n\  her,  wttich 
he  did.  We  also  took  Ihe  schooiirr  iVInry,  Hall,  from  Ni- 
agarn,  at  the  mouth  of  Kiii<rstoii  harbor,  and  look  her  wiili 
us  to  our  anchoraji^e.  The  next  niorniniL;',  tinding  that  sIk 
could  not  beat  throusrh  the  chaitnel  with  us,  I  ordered  the 
sajling  master  of  the  Growler  to  take  her  under  convoy  and 
run  down  past  Knighton,  anchor  on  the  east  end  of  Louj; 
Island,  and  v  jil  for  a  wind  to  come  up  on  the  cast  side.  I 
"Was  also  in  hopes  that  the  Uoyal  George  mii^ht  be  induced 
to  follow  for  the  purpo^e  ot  retaking  our  prize,  but  her  com- 
maiider  was  too  well  aware  of  the  consequences  to  leave 
his  moorings. 

We  lost  in  this  aftair  one  man  killed,  and  three  slightly 
wounded,  with  a  few  shot  in  our  sails.  The  other  ve.^stds 
lost  no  men  and  received  but  little  injury  in  their  hulls  and 
sails,  with  the  exception  of  the  Pert,  whose  gun  bursled  in 
the  early  part  of  the  action,  and  wounded  her  coiiunaiuler 
(sailing-  master  Arundel)  badly,  and  a  midshipman  and 
three  men  slightly.  Mr.  Arut.del,  who  refused  lo  quit  the 
deck  although  wounded,  was  knocked  overboard  in  bt'ul- 
ing  up  to  our  anchorage,  and,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  wus 
drowned. 

The  Royal  George  must  liav^  received  very  considera- 
ble  injury  in  her  hull  and  in  men,  as  the  gun  vessels  with  a 
long  32  pounder  were  seen  to  strike  her  almost  every  shot. 
and  it  was  observed  that  she  was  reinforced  with  troops  fuur 
diflerent  times  during  the  action. 

It  was  thought  by  all  the  officers  in  the  squadron  that 
the  enemy  had  more  than  thirty  guns  mounted  at  Kingston, 
and  from  1000  to  1,300  men.  The  Royal  George  protect- 
ed by  this  force  was  driven  into  the  inner  harbor,  under  the 
protection  of  the  musketry,  by  the  Oneida,  and  fonr  small 
schooners  titled  out  as  gun  boats  ;  the  Governor  Tompkins 
not  having  been  able  to  join  in  the  action  until  about  sun- 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAH. 


1^ 


Juwn,  owin(]^  loUie  lt<r|ilneHA  of  the  wiiuld,  and  tlic   Prri'f 
a^uii  liavinji  Imrsl  the  Micoiulor  lliini  sliol.        •  "«"t   »  '    » 
I  ha\o  tlie  honor  lo  Ue,  \c.  ^* 

ISAAC  CHAUNCEV. 


ii..r, 


i 


6'eii,  Van  Rmttselaer  to  llw  Secretary  r>f  War. 

I  J.   U-   Lkuistown,  Chiober  14,  181*2. 

SIR — As  the  niovemeiils  v\  the  Jirni)  unilt^r  my  com- 
av.iiul.  siiict  I  had  the  iioiior  lo  acldrcKs  yon  on  the  8th  inst. 
hiive  l)cen  of  a  very  important  rharact«r,  producing  con- 
sf(|iUMK'ei;  serious  to  nr:iiiy  individunis  ;  t'Ktabiishiiig  farts 
;u  luuily  connected  with  the  interest  of  the  service  p.nd  safe- 
ly uf  the  army  ;  and  as  [  stand  prominesitly  responsible  for 
some  oi'thtise  consequences,  I  he^  leave  to  explain  to  you, 
sir,  uud  ihroui^h  you  to  my  country,  the  situation  and  cir- 
riinstuiices  ni  v.hich  I  have  had  to  act,  and  the  reasons  and 
motives  which  <^overned  me;  and  if  the  result  is  not  all 
that  luight  have  been  wished,  it  is  such,  that  when  the 
wliolo  ground  shad  be  viewed,  1  shall  cheerfully  sul?:nit  to 
tlii  judg-ment  of  my  country.  '  ''     •    ii'"    f> 

111  my  letter  of  the  8th  inst.  I  apprized  you  that  a  crisis 
in  this  camjiaign  was  rapidly  advancing; ;  and  that  (to  re- 
jM-'ui  llie  same  vvordsj  *  the  blow  must  be  soon  ttruchj  or  all 
the  toil  and  expcnce  of  the  campaign  tjo  for  nothiwj  ;  and 
worse  titan  notliintj,  for  tlie  whole  will  be  tinjed  mth 
dishonor,*  i  .  '  f  *ju 

Under  such  impressions,  I  had  on  the  5h  inst.  written 
to  Brigadier-General  Smyth,  of  the  U.  Stat*;s'  forces  re- 
questing an  interview  with  him,  MajorrGenei*a'.  Hall,  and 
the  commandants  of  the  (J.  States'  regiments,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conferring  upon  the  subject  of  future  operations. 
I  wrote  Major-General  Hall  to  the  same  purport.  On  the 
nth,  i  had  received  no  answer  from  Gen.  Smyth  ;  but  in  a 
note  to  me  on  the  10th,  Gen.  Hall  mentioned  that  Gen. 
Smyth  had  not  yet  then  agreed  upon  t^ny  day  fur  consuUa* 
tiun. 

in  the  mean  time,  the  partial  success  of  Lieut.  Elliot,  at 
Black  Rock,  (of  which  however,  I  have  received  no  official 
information)  began  to  excite  a  strong  disposition  in  the  troopi 
»o  act.  This  was  expressed  to  me  through  various  chan- 
nels in  the  shape  of  an  alternative  ;  that  they  must  have 
ndei's  to  act ;  or  at  all  hazards,  they  would  go  hqme.    1 


ii  '- 


,  li 


,t 


1^ 


S     ) 


I      !    . 


!  '■'  I 


ll 


'I 


>■■     '! 


.' 


a 


it. 


15a 


HISTORY  or  THB  WAB. 


forbear  here  coinmeiitinjf  upon  the  oliviouR  connequenreii 
tome  I  ersonul  ^,  ofloiiger  withhuldiiig  my  ordem  under 
such  circuiiiMUuioeM. 

I  had  n  ronti'reiicc  with nfvto  the  pn^sihility  of  {)et. 

tinjif  some  person  to  pass  over  to  Canada  and  obtain  cttrrcct 
iidormalioii.  Oiithe  uiMininpr  ot  the  4th,  he  wrotu  to  mc 
thitt  he  had  procured  the  man  \%  ho  bore  his  letter  to  p:o  o\  t  r. 
IiiMtruclipns  were  given  him ;  he  passed  over — obtained 
^uch  iiifarmsttion  as  warriiitcd  an  immediate  attack.  This 
was  coiiiideniiy  communicated  to  Keveral  ofmy  tii'HtoflTicers, 
and  produced  great  zeal  to  act  ;  more  especially  ax  il  iiiigbl 
have  acontruiitig  ctVect  upon  the  niovenients  at  Ddroit, 
ivhere  it  was  supposed  Gen.  Brock  had  g^oiie  with  all  the 
force  he  dared  spare  from  the  Niagara  tVontitr.  The  bt'st 
preparations  in  my  power  Mere,  therefore,  made  to  dislodpre 
the  enemy  from  the  {^eights  oi  Qaeenston,  and  possess  our« 
Sttlves  of  the  village,  where  the  troops  might  be  sheltered 
from  the  distressing  inclemency  of  the  weather. 

Ljeut.  Col.  Fenwick*s  Hying  artillery,  and  a  detachment 
of  regular  troops  under  his  command,  were  ordered  to 
be  up  HI  season  from  Fort  Niagara.  Orders  were  also  sent 
toGeii.  Simythtosend  down  from  Bufi'aloe,  such  detach* 
Aients  of  his  brigade  as  existing  circumstances  in  that  vi< 
cinity  might  warrant.  The  attack  was  to  have  been  made 
at4  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  lllh,  by  crossing  over 
in  boats  from  the  old  ferry  opposite  the  Heights.  To  avoid 
any  enibarrassmentin  crossing  the  river,  (which  is  here  a 
sheet  of  violent  eddies)  experienced  boatmen  were  procured 
to  lake  thp  boats  from  the  landing  below  to  the  place  of  em- 
barkation. Lieut.  8imwas  considered  the  man  of  greatest 
skill  for  thisservioe.  He  went  ahead,  and  in  the  extreme 
darkness,  passed  the  intended  place  far  up  the  river  ;  and 
there,  in  a  most  extraordinary  manner  fastened  the  boat  to 
the  shore  and  abandoned  the  detachment  In  lie  frunt 
boat  he  had  earned  nearly  every  oar  which  was  prepared 
for  all  the  boats.  I; i  this  agonizing  dilemma,  stood  oiileers 
and  men  whose  ardor  had  not  been  cooled  by  exposure 
through  the  night  to  one  of  the  most  tremendous  norfh-east 
storms,  which  continued  ,unabated,  for  28  hours,  and  deliig^- 
ed  the  whole  camp.  The  approach  of  day  light  extin- 
guished every  prospect  of  success,  and  the  detachment  re- 
turned to  camp.  Col.  Van.  Rensselaer  was  to  have  core- 
mauded  the  detachment. 


IISTORV  OF  THE  WAR. 


157 


After  this  rf  suit,  I  luul  hoppti  ihe  palience  of  iho  troops 
^■ow'A  liaNe  roiituiitd  until  I  coiiUt  Kubmil  the  (•Inn  stii;- 
gt.>it'tl  in  niv  kllpr  ot  the  blh.that  I  initfhl  acl  iiiui«*i',  >»nd 
in  ronl'ormiiy  to  ilie  opinion  that  mii^ht  he  then  ex|»re,s,»Ml. 
liiil  niv  ho|»e  uai*  idlo  ;  the  previounly  exril«'<l  anloi  sfciii- 
fii  to  fjain  new  lieart  from  tlie  Uto  miscarnaife — I  -e  \y  .we 
were  niortitied  to  slop  short  of  thnr  ohji;ct,  und  the  tuned 
thonjjfht  laurels  half  won  by  an  attempt. 

Oil  the  morniner  ot  the  rith,  such  was  the  pressure  upon 
me  irom  all  quarters,  that  I  liecame  sulisfit'd  Ihat  my  refu- 
sal to  net  might  involve  uie  in  suspicion  und  the  service  in 
distfrace.  *  ^ 

Viewing  affairs  at  Buffaloe  as  yet  unsettled,  I  had  im- 
tii(Mliatei\  countermanded  the  march  of  General  Hmyth*s 
brigade,  upon  the  failure  of  the  first  expedition  ;  but  hav- 
iiii>-  now  deterniined  to  attack  Q,ueenslon,  I  sent  new  orders 
to  Gen.  Smyth  to  march  ;  not  with  the  view  of  his  aid  in 
tilt  attack,  for  I  considered  the  force  detached  sufficient, 
bnt  to  support  the  detachment  should  the  conflict  be  obstin- 
ate and  long^  continued. 

Lieut.  Col.  Chrystie,  who  had  just  arrived  at  the  four  mile 
Creek,  had  late  in  the  night  of  the  first  contemplated  attack, 
gallantly  offered  me  his  own  and  his  men*s  service  ;  but 
he  got  my  permission  to  late.  He  now  again  came  for- 
ward ;  bad  a  conference  with  Col.  Van  Kensselaer,  begged 
that  he  might  have  the  honor  of  a  command  in  the  expedi- 
tion. The  arrangement  was  made.  Col.  Van  Kensselaer 
was  to  command  one  column  of  300  militia  ;  and  L  eut. 
Col.  Chrystie  a  column  of  the  same  number  of  re;^ular 
troops. 

Every  precaution  was  now  adopted  as  to  bouts,  and 
the  most  confidential  and  experienced  men  to  manage  them. 
At  an  early  hour  in  the  night,  Lieut.  Col.  Chrystie  inarch- 
ed his  detachment,  by  the  rear  road,  from  Niagara  to  camp. 
At  7  o'clock  in  the  evening,  Lieut.  Col.  Slranahan's  regi- 
ment moved  from  Niagara  falls — at  8  o'clock.  M«:;ud's — 
and  at  9  Lieut.  Col.  Blan's  regiment  marched  from  the 
same  place.  All  were  in  camp  in  good  season.  Agn  ea- 
biy  to  my  orders  issued  upon  this  occasion,  the  two  columns 
■were  to  pass  over  together ;  and  as  soon  as  the  heights 
should  be  carried,  Lieut.  Col.  Fenwick's  i]  ing  artilery 
was  to  pass  over  ;  then  Maj  Mullany'sdetacLment  of  reg- 
ulars :  and  other  troops  to  follow  in  order. 


I 


I. 


I H 


It       i; 


'V  ?.  I. 


M     ^ 


t 

¥  \ 

4 

y^i 

if 

i 

k' 


1.58 


fllSTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


in 


I      i: 


i    ; 

;  'i  ^ 
i  ■/  'i 

1      1     '■' 

n« 

'!!     Ml. 


\\   Lti   i 


■I 


I 


Al  (laMii  of  (lay  llic  boats  were  in  reailiacii!*,  uiul  i||f> 
troopH  comim^ncc'd  t'lnliarkinp^,  undt* r  the  cover  uf  a  cuin- 
mantling-  battery,  niounlinir  two  eigblitm  pounderH, iitul 
two  sixes.  The  niovemen's  were  noon  iliscuveretl,  and  n 
brisk  fire  of  musketry  wh«  ^ured  tVooi  tbe  wbole  hne  of 
the  Canadian  sthore.  Our  batteries  then  opened  to  sweep  the 
shore  ;  but  it  was  tor  some  minulcii,too  dark  to  direct  much 
fire  with  safety.  A  brisk  cannonade  was  now  opened  n|)OQ 
tlie  boats  from  three  difierent  batteries.  Our  battery  returned 
their  fire  and  occasionally  threw  grape  upon  the  shore,  and 
was  itself  served  with  shells  from  a  small  mortar  of  the  en. 
emy's.  Col.  Scott,  of  the  artillery,  by  hastening  his  march 
from  Niagara  Falls  in  the  night,  arrived  in  season  to  return 
the  enemy's  fire  Willi  two  si\  pounders.  i»a:.,t.  .i.i 
.  The  boats  were  somewhat  embarrassed  with  the  eddies, 
•8  well  a»  with  a  shower  of  shot;  but  Col.  Van  Uensselaer, 
ivith  about  1()0  men,  soon  eflected  his  landing  amidst  a 
tremendous  fire  directed  upon  him  from  every  point ;  but 
to  the  astonishment  of  all  who  witnessed  the  scene,  this 
▼an  of  the  column  advanced  slowly  against  the  fire.  It 
was  a  serious  misfortune  to  the  van,  and  indeed  tu  the 
whole  expedition,  that  in  a  few  minutes  atler  landing.  Col. 
Van  Rensselaer  received  four  wounds — a  ball  passed 
through  his  right  thigh,  entering  just  below  the  hip  bone— 
another  shot  passed  through  the  same  thigh,  a  little  below— 
the  third  tlnntugh  the  calf  of  his  leg — and  a  fourth  cartnsed 
iiis  heel.  This  was  quite  a  crisis  in  the  expedition.  Uiu 
der  so  severe  a  fire  it  was  difficult  to  form  raw  troops.  By 
«ome  mismanagement  of  the  boatmen,  Lieut.  Col.  Chrystie 
did  not  arrive  until  some  time  after  this,  and  was  wounded 
in  tho  hand  in  passing  the  river.  Col.  Van  Rensselaer  wa^ 
fitill  able  to  stand  ;  and  with  great  presence  of  mind  order- 
ed his  officers  to  proceed  with  rapidity  and  storm  the  fort. 
This  service  was  gallantly  performed,  and  the  enemy  driv- 
en down  the  hill  in  every  direction.  Soon  after  this  both 
parties  were  considerably  reinforced,  and  tlie  conflict  was 
renewed  in  several  places — many  of  the  enemy  took  shel- 
ter behind  a  stone  guard-house,  where  a  piece  of  ordnance 
was  now  briskly  served.  I  ordered  the  fire  of  our  battery 
directed  upon  the  guard-house  ;  and  it  was  so  eDectuaily 
done,  that  with  S  or  JO  shot  the  fire  was  silenced.  The  en- 
emy then  retreated  behind  a  large  store  hou.se ;  but  in  a 


•flHMij 


USTORY  or  THE  WAR. 


1.39 


ilioriliinc  llie  roiitlM'came  ;reneral,  nixl  the  <ii(>iit\\  lir« 
s»:iHStieiicetl  except  tVuiii  a  one  ^iiii  Uattory,  no  fur  down 
lliti  river  aii  to  he  out.  nt'  the  rouch  of  heavy  ordnance,  and 
uur  h^ht  pieces  could  not  silence  it.  A  niiniher  of  boaU 
now  passed  over  uiianooyiil,  except  from  one  unsilenced 
.run.  For  some  time  aftrr  1  had  passi  d  over,  the  victory 
,i|)|)eared  complete  ;  hut  in  the  expectation  of  furtiier  at- 
tacks, 1  was  tukiny;  measures  for  fortifyin{^  my  campimme. 
(Iiutelv — the  direction  of  this  service  1  committed  to  Lieut. 
Totteii,  of  the  enufiiteers.  But  very  soon  the  enemy  were 
veiiilorced  t)y  a  delachnient  of  several  hundred  Indians 
Iruu)  Chippewa — they  commenced  a  furious  attack,  but 
were  proiirilly  met  atid  routed  hy  tlve  riile  and  bayonet. 
Bv  this  tune  1  perceived  my  troop  were  embarking  very 
slowly.  I  passed  immediately  over  to  accelerate  their 
movements;  but  torn)  utter  astonishiiieiit,  (  found  at  the 
vt-ry  moiitent  when  complete  victor,  was  in  our  hands,  the 
ardor  of  the  uneniragcd  troops  had  entirely  subr  *ied.  I 
rode  III  all  directions— urged  men  by  every  co  i-iaeratiou 
lo  (diss  over — but  in  vain.  Lieul.  (yol.  Hloom,  who  h?t| 
ken  wounded  in  action,  relumed,  mounted  i;is  horse,  aiul 
rode  through  the  camp;  as  did  also  J«idge  Peck,  who 
liappened  to  be  here,  exhorting  the  companies  to  proceed— 
bill  all  in  vain. 

At  this  time  a  large  reinforcement  from  Fort  George 
were  discovered  coming  up  the  river.  As  the  battery  on 
(he  liilt  was  considered  an  important  check  against  their 
isccnding  the  heights,  measures  were  immediately  taken  to 
set  id  them  afresh  supply  of  itminunilion,  as  we  had  learnt 
(here  was  left  only  twenty  shot  for  the  eighteen  pounders. 
The  reinforcement,  however,  'Micpied  to  tiie  right  from  the 
road,  and  formed  a  junction  V; 'If  I  uiie  Indians  in  the  rear 
ot  the  heights.  Finding,  to  my  intinite  mortification,  that 
no  reinforcement  would  pass  over  ;  seeing  that  another  se- 
vere conflict  must  soon  commence  ;  and  knowing  that  the 
brave  men  on  the  heights  were  ([uite  exhausted,  and  nearly 
out  of  ammunition,  all  I  could  do  was  to  send  them  afresh 
Mip|)ly  of  carlridjjes.  At  this  critical  moment,  I  despatched 
a  note  to  Gen.  Wadsworth,  acquainting  him  with  our  silua- 
liou — leaving  the  course  to  be  pursued  much  to  his  own 
judgment — with  assurance,  that  if  he  thought  best  to  retreat, 
i  would  endeavor  to  send  as  many  boats  as  I  could  com  • 


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HISTORY  or  TffE  WAK. 


man(^  an/l  cover  his  relreat  by  every  fire  I  contd  safely 
luaiie.  But  the  bonis  were  diHjjersed — aiaiiy  of  llie  b«»aU 
men  had  fled,  puinc  Htrut'k-~-atid  hut  iew  got  oflf.  But  my 
note  could  Imt  little  more  than  h.iVv  reached  Gcii.  Wads- 
■worth  ahout  4  o'clock,  when  a  most  severe  and  obstinate 
coiiflicl  comineiK-ed  and  continued  about  haif  an  hour 
with  a  treni  ndous  tire  of  caiinoti.  tlvini^  artillery  ai.d  mus- 
ketry. The  enemy  succeeded,  in  rt;|>o»sessing  their  batte- 
ry ;  and  gainiHS^  adv;iiiluj*e  on  every  side,  the  brave  men 
who  had  u^ainedlhe  victory,  exhausted  of  strength  and  ammu- 
nition, and  grieved  at  the  unp.u'donabie  neglect  of  their 
fellow  soldierN.  gave  U|)  the  coaflict. 

I  can  only  add,tl.ul  the  victory  was  really  won  ;  but  lost 
for  the  want  of  a  small  reinforcement.  One  third  part  of 
the  idle  men  miyhl  have  mved  all, 

I  cannot  injustice  close  this  without  expressing  the  very 
great  oi)ligatioM  I  am  under  to  Brigadier-General  Wads- 
■worlb.  Col.  Van  Rv.nsselaer,  Gol.  Scott,  Lieut.  Cols.  Chrvstie 
and  Feiiwick,  and  Cupt.  Gibson.  Many  others  have  also 
behaved  irust  gallantly.  As  I  have  reason  to  believe  that 
many  ofour  IroopK  tleJ  to  the  woods,  with  the  hope  of 
crossing  ihe  river,  1  iiave  notbeen  able  to  learn  the  probable 
number  of  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners.*  The  eneniy 
have  suftered  severely. 

Genekal  Bkock,  is  among  their  slaui,  and  his  aid-di- 
«aw*./  nu'rUdiv  wouiided. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

STEPHEN  VAN  RENSSELAER. 


CHAPTER  V.  :-,^ 

Documents  accnnpanying  ihe  President's  Message  of 
JSovember  4,  1812. 
Mr.  Monroe  to  Mr.  RvsselL 
Depak'Iment  or  Staie,  July  27,  1812. 
SIR— I  wrote  you  o.i  the  2t5lh  ot  June,  by  Mr.   Foster,  a 
letter  which  he  promised  to  deliver  to  you  in  person  or  by 
a  safe  hand. 

»  //  is  since  ascertained  that  90  regulariand  militia  were  killed,  and  386 
ngulart  and  378,mi/i^ia,  Hi  being  wounded,  viadtjiiriaoncrs. 


lIlbTOUY   OF   TUE  WAB. 


161 


(ii  ilial   Klltr   yoi.  were  informc d,   that  the  Orders  in 
r'ltincil,  and  other  illej^al  blockades,  and  the  impressnicnt 
,>loiir  seamen  by  Great-Britain,  as  you   well  knew  before, 
were  ihe  principal  causes  of  the  war,  rnd  that  if  they  were 
Kiuovod,  vou  might  stipulate  an   armistice,  leaving  them 
111(1  all  other  grouj»d.'<  of  difference,  for  final  and  more  pre- 
iise  adjustment  by  treaty.     As  an  inducement  to  the  British 
government  to   discontinue   the   practice   of  impressment 
iiuin  our  vessels,  by  which  alone  our  seamen  can    be  made 
jccure,  yoa  were  authorised  to   stipulate  a  prohibition  by 
law,  to  be  reciprocal,  of  the  employment  of  British  seamen 
ID  the  public  or  commercial  service  of  the  U.  States.     As 
^iicb  an  arrang;ement,  wi.ich    migjit   be   made   completely 
iti'ectnal  and  satisfactory  by  suitable  regulations  and  penal- 
ties, would  operate  almost  exclusively  in  fiivor  of  Greal- 
15rit!iin,for  as  few  of  our  seamen  ever  enter  voluntarily  into 
the  British  service,  the  reciprocity    would   be  nominal;  its 
advatitagie  to  G.  Britain  would  be  more  than  an  equivalent 
for  any  she  derives  from  impressment,  which  alone  ought 
to  induce  her  to  abandon  the  practice,  if  she  had  no  other 
motive  for  it.     Astipulation  to   prohibit  by   law  the  em- 
j)loyuient  of  British  seamen  in  the  service  of  the  U.  States, 
is  to  be  understood  in  the  sense  and  spirit  of  the  constitution. 
The  passage  of  such  law  must  depend  of  course  on   Con- 
rress,  who,  it  might  reasonably  be  presumed,  might  give 
f  ifect  to  it. 

By  authorising  you  to  secure  these  objects  as  the  grounds 
of  ati  armistice,  it  was  not  intended  to  restrict  you  to  any 
I  precise  form  in  which  it  should  be  doiie.     tt  is  not  particu- 
[iarly  necessary  that  the  several  points  should  be  specially 
I  provided  for  in   the  convention  stipulating  the  armistice. 
I A  clear  and  distinct  understanding*   wilh   the  British   go- 
I  vemmeiit  on  the  subject  of  impressment,  comprising  in   it 
the  discharge  of  men   already  impressed,   and   on  future 
blockades,  if  the  Orders  in  Council  are  revoked,  is  all  that 
is  indispensable.     The  Orders  in  Council  being   revoked, 
and  the  proposed  understanding  on  the  otiier  points,  that  is, 
loii  blockades  and  impressment,  being   first   obtained,  in  a 
[muniier,  though  informal,  to  admit  of  no   mistake  or  disa- 
greement hereafter,  the  iitstrunient   providing  for  the  ar- 
juiiitice  may    assume  a   general  form  especially   if  more 
tirreeable  to  the  British  government.     It  mav  for  example 

21 


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IIISTOKV  OF  TIIK  WAR. 


be  said  in  general  tornis  *  tliat  l)oth  powes  being  sincerelv 
desirous  to  tenniiiate  the  ilitVoreuces  which  unliappiiy  suli. 
sist  between  llietu,  and  equally  so,  that  full  time  shonI(i  l)e 
j;iven  for  the  adjuslnieiit  lliertof,  agree,  1st,  that  an  armis- 
tice shall  take  place  for  that  purpose  to  commence  on  the 
dwy  of. 

*  2.  That  they  will  forthwHh  appoint  on  each  side  com- 
missioners with  full  power  to  form  atreaty,  which  shall  pro. 
vide,  by  recipiocal  arrangements,  for  th«  security  of  tht-ir 
seamen  from  b«ing  taken  or  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
other  power,  for  the  ret!;ulation  of  their  commerce,  and  all 
other  interesting  questions  now  depending  between  them. 

*3.  The  armistice  shall  not  cease  without  a  previous  no- 
tice by  one  to  the  other  party  of  days,  and  shull 
not  be  understood  as  having  other  eflfect  than  merely  to  sus- 
pend  military  operations  by  land  and   sea.' 

By  this  you  will  perceive  that  the  President  is  desirouj 
of  removing  every  obstacle  to  an  accommodation  which, 
consists  merely  of  form,  securing  in  a  safe  and  satisfactorv 
manner,  the  rights  and  interest  of  the  U.  States  in  these  two 
great  and  essential  circumstances,  as  it  is  presumed  maybe 
accomplished  by  the  proposed  understanding  ;  he  is  \vi|. 
lii.g  that  it  should  be  done  in  a  manner  the  most  satisfactory 
and  honorable  to  G.  Britain,  as  well  as  to  the  U.  Slates. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

JAMES  MONROE 


I   r  •  i  ■ 


Mr.  Graham  to  Mr.  Russell. 

V  IH^PAKTMENT  OP  State,  Aug.  9,  1812. 

SIR — The  Secretary  left  this  city   about  ten   days  ago 
on  a  short  visit  to  Virginia.     Since  that  period  Mr.  Bake: 
has,  inconsequence  of  some   despatches  from   his   govem- 
ment  addressed  to  Mr.  Foster,  made  to  me  a  commuiiica- 
lion  respecting  the  intentions  of  his  government  as  regards 
the  Orders  ill  Council.     It  was  of  a  character,  however,  so  I 
entirely  informal  and  confidential   that   Mr.  Baker  did  not| 
feel  himself  at  liberty  to  make  it  in  the  form  of  a  note  verbal 
or  promemoria,  or  even  to  permit  me  to  take  a  memoran- 
dum of  it  at  the  time  he  made  it.     As  it  authorises  an  e.\«| 
pectation  that  something  more  precise  and  detinite,  in  and 
oflicial  form,  may  soon  be  received  by  this  government,  it  is 
the  less  uecessary  that  1  should  go  into  an   cxplaaatioa  ot  I 


IirSTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


1G3 


ilieviews  of  Uic  President  'm  relation  to  it,  more  parlicnlarly 

,s  llu.' Sccn,tary  of  Stale  is  daily  expected,  and  will  he  al>lc 

toiio  it  ill  a  manner  more  salisi'nctory.  f....:  i     • 

1  have  ihe  honor  lobe, ^c.  ' '! 

JOHN  GRAHAM."' 


3Tr.  Graham  to  Mr.    Uussell.        •'  '  ''''  ""* 
t  Depautmkntof  State,  Aug.  10, 1812. 

SIR — Thinking  that  it  may  possibly  be  useful  to  you,  I 
jo  m}  self  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  memorandum  of  the 
conversation  between  Mr.  Baker  and  niyst'lf,  alluded  to  in 
niv  letter  of  yesterday's  date.  From  a  conversation  with 
Mr.  Baker  since  this  memorandum  was  made,  I  find  that  I 
was  coirect  in  rei)reseuting  to  the  President  that  the  intj- 
jniition  from  Mr.  Foster,  and  the  British  jiulhorilies  at  Han- 
fax  was  was  to  be  understood  as  connected  with  a  susnen- 
tioiiof  hostUities  on  the  frontiers  ofCana<la.     Yours,  Vc, 

JOFTN  GRAHAM. 
Memoranduw,  referred  to  in  the  above  leller. 

Mr.  iJaker  verbally  comnmnicated  to  me  for  the  infor- 
mation of  the  IVe.'jident,  thsit  he  had  received  despatches 
from  his  governnient  addressed  to  Mr.  Foster,  (dated  I 
believe  about  the  17th  of  June)  from  which  he  was  author- 
ised to  say,  that  an  official  declaratioa  would  be  sent  to  this 
country,  that  the  Orders  in  Council,  so  far  as  they  aflfecled 
the  U.  Slates,  would  l»e  i*ei)ealedon  the  1st  of  August,  to 
lie  revived  on  the  1st  of  May,  1813,  uhless  the  conduct  of 
the  French  governriient,  and  the  result  of  the  communica- 
tions with  the  American  goveinment,  ^fhould  be  such  as, 
ill  the  opinion  of  his  majesty^  to  render  then*  revival  unne- 
cessary. Mr.  Baker  moreover  slated  that  the  Orders 
would  be  revived,  provitled  the  A>neriean  g(jvernmeift  did 
not,  within  fourteen  d»ys  *fter  they  re<'eived  the  oilicial 
declaration  of  their  repeal,  admit  British  armed  vessels  into 
their  ports,  and  put  an  tend  to  the  restrictive  meaeures  which 
had  grown  out  of  the  Orders  in  Couupil. 

The  despatchts  authorising  this  communication  to  the 
American  government  expressly  directed  that  it  should  bo 
wade  verbally,  and  Mr.  Baker  did  not  considei  himself  at 
liberty  to  reduce  it  to  writing,  even  in  the  forni  of  a  note 
verbal,  or  promemoria.  or  to  suffer  me  to  tak^  a  memoran- 
i\i\n  of  Ins  communication  at  the  time  he  made  it,    I  inidcr' 


i!f 


lli  ,  fl^:  V 


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i(>4 


ill.NlOKV  OF  THE  W  AK 


stood  from  him  tlint  the  despatches  had  been  opcue«l  by  Mi 
Foster  at  Halifax,  who  in  con  .equence  of  a  conversation  Ik 
had  had  with  Vice  Admiral  Sawyer,  and  Sir  J.  Sherl)roki, 
had  authori'ied  Mr.  Baker  to  say,  that  the<«e  genllcinen  would 
agree,  as  a  measure  leadin^i^  to  a  sus|)  ..sion  of  lioslililies. 
that  all  captures  made  after  a  day  to  \k  fi\j;d,  shoultl  nut 
bf  *?roceeded  against  immediately,  but  l)e  detained  to  auait 
the  f''ture  decision  of  the  two  «^overnmeiits.  Mr.  ]b\Mer 
}  d  Jt  seen  Sir  Georsfe  Prevost,  but  had  written  to  Inm 
b,  express,  and  did  not  doubt  but  that  he  would  agree  to 
an  arrangement  for  the  temporary  suspension  of  hostilities. 
Mr,  Baker  also  staled  that  he  had  received  an  authorilv 
from  Mr.  Foster  to  act  as  charge  d'aftairs,  provided  tl/e 
Am<^ncan  government  would  receive  him  in  that  charac- 
ter, for  the  purpose  of  enabling  him  ofticially  to  communi- 
cate the  declaration  which  was  to  be  expected  from  Jlie 
British  government ;  his  functions  to  be  understood,  of 
course,  as  ceasing  on  tjie  renewal  of  hostilities.  J  rej)lieil, 
that  although,  to  so  general  and  informal  a  communica- 
tion, no  answer  might  be  necessary,  and  certainly  no  par- 
ticular answer  expected,  yet,  I  was  authorised  to  say,  that 
the  communicatiou  is  received  with  sincere  satisfaction,  as 
it  is  hoped  that  the  spirit  in  which  it  was  authorised  by  his 
government,  may  lead  to  such  further  communications  as 
will  open  the  way  sjot  only  to  an  early  and  satisfactory  ter- 
niination  of  existing  hostilities,  but  to  that  entire  adjustment 
of  all  the  diflierences  which  j>roduced  them,  and  that  peniia- 
nent  peace  and  solid  friendship  which  ought  to  be  mutual- 
ly desired  bv  both  countries,  and  which  is  sincerely  desired 
by  this.  \Vith  this  desire,  an  authority  was  given  to  Mr. 
Russell  on  the  subject  of  an  armistice  as  introductory  to  a 
final  pacification,  as  has  been  made  known  to  Mr.  Foster, 
and  the  same  desire  will  be  felt  on  the  receipt  of  the  iur- 
ther  and  more  particular  communications  which  are 
shortly  to  he  expected  with  respt^et  to  the  joint  intimation 
from  Mr.  Foster  and  the  authorities  at  Halifax,  on  the  sub- 
ject of  .suspending  judicial  proceedings  in  the  case  of  mar- 
itime captures,  to  be  accompanied  by  a  suspension  of  mili- 
tary operations.  The  authority  given  to  Mr.  Russell  just 
aliuited  to,  and  of  which  Mr.  Foster  was  the  bearer,  is  tiill 
proof  of  the  s(>licitude  of  the  government  of  the  U.  States 
to  bring  about  a  general  suspension  of  hostilities  on  adiuis^ 


1 

[Mi 

1 

HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


16.J 


f       jl     I 


^ihle  Icrms,  with  as  litlle  delay  ns  possible.  It  was  not  to 
\h'  (loui'trd  IhenSbiv,  lliat  any  oIIut  practical  cxpctlicul  for 
altaiiiinof  a  siniiiaF  result  wpiiid  b»  reudily  concurred  in. 
I*|)Ou  Ibe  most  favond)le  consideration,  however,  which 
roulil  be  given  to  the  expedient  suggested  through  him,  it 
did  not  appear  lu  be  redncd>le  to  any  praciicable  shape  to 
which  the  executive  would  be  authui-ised  to  give  it  the  ne- 
cessary sanction,  nor  indeed  is  it  probable  that  \i  it  was  less 
lii\ble  to  insuperable  difficulties,  that  it  cntdd  have  any  ma- 
terial effect  previous  to  the  result  of  the  pncitic  advance 
made  by  this  government,  and  which  nmsl  it  favorably  re- 
ceived, become  operative  as  soon  as  any  other  arrangement 
that  could  now  be  made.  It  was  slated  to  IMr.  Baker, 
thiitthe  President  did  not,  under  existing  circumstances, 
consider  Mr.  Posfer  as  vested  with  the  power  of  appointing 
a  charge  d  'affairs  :  but  that  no  difficulty  in  point  of  form, 
would  be  made,  as  any  authentic  communication  through 
him,  or  any  other  channel,  would  be  received  with  atten- 
tion and  respect.    »       .  / 


Mr.  Monroe  (»  Mr.  Ilussell. 
Department  of  State,  Aug,  21,  1812. 

[Extract^  SIR — My  last  letter  to  y»>"  ^vas  of  the  27th 
of  July,  and  was  forwarded  by  the  British  packet  Althea, 
uuderthe  special  protection  of  Mr.  Baker.  The  object  of 
that  letter,  and  of  the  next  preceding  one  of  the  2()lh  of 
June,  was  to  invest  you  with  power  to  suspend  by  an  armis- 
tice; o!!  such  fair  conditions  as  it  was  presumed  could  not 
be  rejected,  the  operation  of  the  war,  which  had  been 
brought  on  the  U.  States  by  the  injustice  and  violence  of 
the  British  government.  At  the  moment  of  the  declara- 
tion of  war,  the  President,  regretting  the  necessity  which 
produced  it,  looked  to  its  termination  and  providecl  for  it, 
and  happy  will  it  be  for  both  countries,  if  the  disposition 
felt,  and  the  advances  made  on  his  part,  are  entertained  and 
met  by  the  British  government  in  usimdar  spirit. 

You  will  have  seen  by  the  note  forwarded  to  you  by  Mr. 
Graham,  of  Mr.  Baker  s  commumcation  to  him,  that  Mr. 
Foster  had  authorised  him  to  state  that  the  commanders  of 
the  British  forces  at  Halifax  would  agree  to  a  suspension, 
after  a  dav  to  be  fixed,  of  the  condenuiation  of  prizes,  to 
await  the  decision  ot  both   governments,  without  however 


II 


!    ! 

t 

i;    ^   iV 


ii; 


I J  J 


.J, 


...   t 


16<» 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


^ 


'ill, 


preventiuf^  captures  on  eilher  side.  It  appears  also,  that 
Mr.  Foster  hiul  promised  to  conimunicale  with  Sir  Geor^rc 
Prevost,  and  tu  advise  hiiu  tu  propose  to  our  governmcnl 
an  amii{ilice. 

Hir  George  Prevost  has  siuce  prcjsoycdto  General  Dear- 
Jjor*;,  at  the  sujfgeslioji  of  i\1r.  IV'der,  a  siJ.j»eusion  of  of- 
fensive operations  Uy  land*  in  a  ktter  whi'  b  vas  transmil- 
ed  by  the  General  to  !iie  ScMelaiy  of  V)  ar,  i  provisional 
aj^rt'^ment  was  cntcrril  into  between  Geaerai  Dearborn 
and  Colonel  Brivnes,  iUe  Brilish  adjutant-Geni'^vat,  Learer 
of  Gfnt/i'jU  Provost'H  letter,  that  neither  party  should  act 
offensively  before  lh<:  ^lecisi<m  of  our  liwvdunvjut  shpulU  bt 
taken  ou  ihe  subject. 

Since  nis/  return  to  W-isbioj^lon,  .^s  documeqft  allude^ 
to  in  Mr»  Foster's  des{)aicb,  as  Hnaliy  decided  on  by  the 
Bri?t;sh  government,  bus  Ijeen  handed  tQ  me  by  Mr.  Baker, 
with  a  remark,  that  its  authenticity  mi^ijt  be  relied  on. 
Mr.  Baker  added  that  it  was  not  improbable^  that  tho  Ad- 
miral at  Halifax  mi^ht  a^ree  likewise  to  a  suspension  oi 
■captures,  though  he  did  nut  profess  to  appear  to  be  acquaint- 
ed with  his  sentiments  on  that  point. 

On  full  consideration  of  all  the  circumstances  wliicb 
merit  attention,  the  President  regrets  that  it  is  not  in  his 
power  to  accede  to  the  proposed  arrangement.  The  iol 
lowing  are  among  the  principal  reasons  which  have  pro- 
Juced  this  decision. 

Ist.  The  President  has  no  pQiwcr  to  suspend  judicial 
proceedings  on  prizes.  A  capture,  if  lawful,  vests  a  r\gU 
over  which  he  has  no  control.  Nor  could  he  prevent  cap- 
tures otherwise  than  by  an  indiscriminate  recal  of  tbe 
commissions  granted  to  our  privateers,  which  he  could  nut 
justify  under  existing  circumstances. 

2d.  The  proposition  is  not  made  by  the  British  govern- 
ment nor  is  there  any  certainty  that  it  would  be  approved 
by  it.  The  proposed  arrangement,  if  acceded  to,  uiiglH 
not  be  observed  by  the  British  officers  themselveK,  if  theii 
government,  in  consequence  of  the  war,  should  give  them 
instructions  of  a  difl'erent  character,  even  if  they  were  giv- 
en without  a  knowledge  of  the  arrangement. 

3d.  No  security  is  given,  or  proposed,  a»  to  the  Indians, 
nor  could  any  be  relied  on.  They  have  engaged  in  tlie 
wdv  on  the  side  of  the  British  government,  and  are  now  pro 


inSTORT  OF  THE  WAR. 


167 


s^culing  it  with  vij^or,in  their  usual  savaire  mode.  They 
can  only  he  reslrniiied  by  force,  when  once  let  loose,  uiid 
that  force  has  already  l)een  ordend  out  for  that  purpose. 

4ih.  The  proposition  in  not  reciprocal,  Ix'cauHe  it  resti-ains 
llie  Umited  States  from  actm^  uliere  their  power  in  a^real- 
e>t,  and  leaves  Great-Britain  at  liberty,  and  gives  her  time 
lo  augment  her  forces  in  our  neitj^hborhood. 

dtli.  That  as  a  principal  object  of  the  war  is  to  obtain 
redress  against  the  British  practice  of  impressment,  an 
agreement  to  suspend  hoslililiri*  even  before  the  British 
uovernment  is  heard  from  on  that  subject,  might  be  con- 
iiidered  a  relinquishment  of  that  claim. 

(illi.  It  is  fthe  more  objectionable,  and  of  the  less  impor- 
tance, in  consideration  of  the  instructions  heretofore  given 
vou,  which,  if  met  by  the  British  governnif  nt,  may  have 
already  produced  the  same  result  lu  a  greater  extent  and 
more  satisfactory  form. 

I  might  add,  that  the  declaration  itself  is  objectionable 
in  many  respects,  particularly  the  followmg — 

1st.  Because  it  a.sserts  a  right  in  the  British  government 
{0  restore  the  Orders  in  Council,  or  any  part  thereof,  to  their 
full  eftect  on  a  principle  of  retaliation  on  France,  under 
jMrcumstances  of  which  she  alone  is  to  judge ;  a  right 
which  this  government  cannot  admit,  especially  in  the  ex- 
tent heretofore  claimed,  and  acted  on  by  the  British  gov- 
tnnneiit. 

2d.  That  the  repeal  is  founded  exclusively  on  the  Frencli 
Decree  of  the  28th  of  April,  1811,  by  which  the  repeal 
©f  the  Decrees  of  Berlin  and  Milan,  announced  on  the  olh 
of  August,  1810,  to  take  effect  on  the  1st  of  ?Joveml>er,  of 
that  year,  at  which  time  their  operation  actually  ceased,  is 
disregarded,  as  are  the  claims  of  the  U.  States  arising 
fiom  the  repeal  on  that  day,  even  according  lo  the  British 
pledge, 

3d.  That  even  if  the  U.  States  had  no  right  to  claim  the 
repeal  of  the  British  Orders  in  Council  prior  to  the  French 
Di3cree  of  the  •28th  of  April,  1811,  nor  before  the  notiHca- 
lion  of  that  Decree  to  the  Bi*itish  government,  on  the  'JHlh 
of  May,  of  the  present  year,  tiie  British  repeal  ought  to 
have  borne  date,  from  that  day,  and  boon  siibjert  to  noin-. 
of  the  limitations  nttaf'hed  t<>  i» 


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These  remarks  on  llie  declaration  of  the  nrincc  recent, 
'which  are  nut  pursued  with  rigor,  nor  in  tlie  full  exieitt 
which  they  might  b(  >  are  ap^^licable  ta  it,  in  relation  to  the 
stateofthinjrs  which  existed  before  the  determination  of 
the  LI.  Staler  to  resist  the  ug;^resMions  of  the  Briti^ih  gov- 
ernment by  war.  By  that  determination,  the  relations  be- 
tween the  two  cuuntricH  have  been  altogether  changed,  and 
it  is  only  by  a  termination  of  the  war,  04*  by  measures  lead- 
ing to  it,  by  consent  of  both  governments,  that  its  calami- 
ties can  be  closed  or  mitigated.  It  is  not  now  a  question 
whether  the  dechiration  of  the  prince  regent  is  such  as 
ought  to  have  produced  a  repeal  of  the  non>importatioa 
act,  had  war  not  been  declared,  because,  by  the  declaru- 
tion  of  war,  that  question  is  superceded,  and  the  non-im- 
portation act  having  been  continued  in  force  by  Congress, 
and  become  a  measure  of  war,  and  among  the  most  efficient, 
it  is  no  longer  subject  to  the  control  of  the  Executive  in  the 
sense,  and  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  adopted.  The 
declaration,  however,  of  the  prince  regent,  will  not  be  with- 
out eii'ect.  I3y  repealing  the  Orders  in  Council  without 
reviving  the  blockade  of  May,  1800,  or  any  other  illegal 
blockade,  as  is  understood  to  be  the  case,  it  removes  a  great 
obstacle  to  an  accommodation.  The  President  considers 
it  an  indication  of  a  disposition  in  the  British  government 
to  accommodate  the  diJOferences  which  subsist  between  the 
two  countries,  and  I  am  instructed  to  assure  you,  that,  if 
such  a  disposition  reai'y  exists,  and  is  persevered  in,  and  is 
extended  to  other  objects,  especially  the  important  one  of 
impressment,  a  durable  and  happy  peace  and  reconciliation 
cannot  fail  to  result  from  it. 


Mr»  Russell  to  Mr.  Monroe. 

London,  Sept,  J,  1812. 

SIR — ^You  will  perceive  by  iht;  enclosed  copies  ot  nolefe 
which  have  passed  between  lord  Castlereagh  and  me,  lliat 
the  moderate  and  equitable  terms  proposed  for  a  susjjeii- 
sion  of  hostilities,  have  been  rejected,  and  that  it  is  my  iii- 
tention  to  return  immediately  to  the  United  States. 

My  continuance  here,  after  it  has  been  so  broadly  inti- 
mated to  me  by  his  lordship,  that  I  am  no  longer  acknowl- 
edged in  my  diplomatic  capacity,  and  cfter  a  knowledge 
that  instructions  are  given  to  the  British  Admiral  to  uego- 


HIKTOHY  OF  THE  WAR. 


l(k> 


(.lale  an  arraiigcuieot  on  the  other  skI(>  of  the  Atlantic, 
woa!ct,  in  my  view  of  the  subject,  not  only  be  uselfsM  but 
miuro|H'r. 

It  IS  probable,  however,  that  the  vei^el  in  uhich  f  j>ro- 
po«e  to  embark  will  not  take  her  departure  betbre  the  l^lh 
or  20th  of  this  month.  '.  ''    i        '    -- 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  fkc. 

.lONATMAN  RUSSFLL. 

>,  t^      »  

'       '     3Ir.  UusscUlo  lordCi/sllireagh.  ■• 

'    •  I     '  '     London,  \u^.  24,  1812.  • 

Aty  lord — It  is  only  necessary,  I  trust,  to  call  the  attention 
ofyourlordshiplo  a  review  ofllie  coimIuc'I  «»f  the  |rovernineiit 
ot  llie  U.  States,  to  prove  inconlrovertibly  its  unceasiiio-  anx- 
ietv  to  maintain  the  relations  of  peace  and  friendship  with  (i. 
Hnlain.  Its  patience  in  suiVering'  the  many  wroni>;s  which 
it  lias  received,  and  ils  perseverance  in  endeavoring  by  am- 
icable means  to  obtain  redress,  are  known  to  the  world. 
Di'spairingf  at  length  of  raceivinglhis  redress  from  the  jus- 
lice  (tf  the  British  g-overnment,  to  which  it  had  so  often  ap- 
plied in  vain,  and  feeling  that  a  further  forbearance  would 
be  a  virtual  surrender  ofrig'htsand  interests  essential  to  the 
prosperity  and  indefKjndente  of  the  nation  confided  to  its 
protection,  it  has  been  compelled  to  discharge  its  high  uuty 
hy  an  appeal  to  arms.  While,  however,  it  regards  this 
course  as  the  only  one  which  remained  for  it  to  pursue 
svilh  a  hope  of  preserving  any  portion  of  that  kind  of  char- 
acler  which  constitutes  Ihe  vital  strength  of  every  nation, 
yet  it  is  still  willing  to  give  another  proof  of  the  spirit 
which  has  uniformly  distinguished  its  proceedings,  by  seek- 
ing to  arrest,  on  terms  consistent  with  justice  and  honor, 
llie  calamities  of  war.  It  has,  therefore,  authorised  me  to 
ittipulate  with  his  Britannic  uiajesty's  government  an  ar- 
inislice  to  commence  at  or  l>fcfore  the  expiration  of  sixty 
(lays  after  the  signature  of  the  instrument  providing  for  it, 
on  condition  that  the  Orders  in  Council  be  repealed,  and 
(10  illegal  blockades  to  be  substituted  to  them,  and  liiat 
•iiders  be  immediately  given  to  discontinue  the  impres.s-* 
ment  of  persons  from  Americm  vessels,  and  to  restore  the 
oiti/ens  of  the  United  States  already  impressed ;  it  being 
moreover  well  understood  that  the  British  government  will 
isspiit  tf>  enter  into  definite  arrangements,  as  soon   as  may 

22 


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lie,  on  lIiCHC  aiitl  every  ollur  difVererice,  hy  u  Irealy  lo  U 
rnncliidefl  eiliicr  at  Luiidou  or  WuMliiiiKton,  ns  un  au  iiu 
partial  c-onsiilcralion  of  existing^  circiiin.slaiiccs  (4mll  b>; 
(Iccnied  inu.>t  cxpedieitt. 

V'  Ah  an  iitduceiiieiit  tuCv.  Britain  tu  discontinue  the  prac- 
tice ot'  impressment  i'roiii  Aniericati  ve^tMels,  lam  autlioriv 
ei\  to  K^ive  assurance!  that  a  law  shall  be  passed  (to  be  r(>ci|i- 
rucal)  to  prohibit  Ihefinptoyinent  of  Bni.sh  seamen  in  tli> 
public  or  conimercial  service  of  the  U.  Slates. 

It  is  sincerely  believed  that  such  an  arran^^ement  would 
prove  more  etticacious  in  srcnrinij  to  G.  Bntam  her  stii- 
men,  than  the  practice  of  impressment,  i>o  deroyruiory  i> 
tlie  sovereign  attributes  of  the  U.  States,  and  so  incompal\ 
ble  wilh  the  personal  riglits  of  their  citi/oiis. 

Your  lordship  will  not  be  surprised  that  I  have  present 
ed  the  revocation  of  the  Orders  in  Council  as  a  prelintinary 
to  the  suspension  of  hostilities,  when  it  is  considered  that 
the  act  of  the  British  government  of  the  iJSd  of  June  last, 
ordaining  that  revocation,  is  predicated  on  conditions,  the 
jierformaiice  of  which  is  rendered  impracticable  by  the 
change  which  is  since  known  to  have  occurred  in  the  rela- 
tions between  the  two  countries.  It  cannot  now  be  ex- 
pected that  the  government  of  the  U.  States  will  immedi- 
ately on  due  notice  of  that  act,  revoke  or  cause  lo  be  re- 
voked its  acts,  excluding  from  the  waters  and  harbors  of 
the  U.  States  all  Brilisth  armed  vessels,  and  interdicting 
coMitnercial  intercourse  with  G.  Britain.  Such  a  proce- 
dure would  necessarily  involve  consecpienses  too  unreason- 
able aiul  extravagant  to  be  for  a  moment  presumed. — The 
Order  in  Council  oi'  the  2t}d  of  June  last  will,  therefore  ac- 
cording to  its  own  terms  be  null  and  of  no  eft'ect,  and  a  new 
act  of  the  British  government,  adapted  to  existing  circum- 
stances, is  obviously  required  for  the  etJectual  repeal  of  the 
Orders  in  Council  of  which  the  United  Slates  complain. 

The  government  of  the  U.  Stales  considers  indemnity 
fur  the  injuries  received  under  the  Orders  in  Council  and 
other  Edicts,  violating  the  rights  of  the  American  nation, 
to  be  incident  to  Iheir  repeal,  and  it  believes  that  sati^^'aco- 
ry  provision  will  be  made  in  the  definite  treaty,  to  be  here- 
after ncgocialed,  fortius  purpose. 

The  conditions  now  oti'ered  to  the   British  government  | 
for  the  terminaliou  of  the  war  by  au  armistice  as  aWvt 


MISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


Ml 


^tnlftl.  arfiso  moilernte  niul  just  in  llirnnolvM,  nn(\  nn  en- 
tirely consisUiit  \s  )  ilH  intrrcst  hiuI  honor,  ibat  a  conti- 
ileiU  hope  IS  inflnlg^rd  that  it  will  not  hesitate  to  accept 
tkcm.  Id  ho  doing  it  will  nhniiduii  no  nij^lit;  it  will  sacri- 
liof  no  interests;  it  will  abstain  oi.ly  troni  violatinjy  the 
lifjhts  of  Ihc  V.  Slates,  nnil  lu  return  it  will  restore  peace 
\villi  ihe  power  from  whom  in  a  lrien<lly  comiiiernal  in- 
leiTOurse  so  many  advantage«  sire  to  be  thi  ivecl. 

V<nir  lordship  \%  undonbtedly  nware  of  the  serions  ditli- 
lulties  with  which  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  even  for  a 
short  period,  must  necessarily  embarrass  all  future  atlompts 
al  accommodation. — Passionn  exasperated  by  injuries — 
alliances  or  conquests  on  terms  which  forbid  Ihcir  abandon- 
ment— will  inevitably  hereafter  embitter  aiul  prolmcl  a 
« oiliest  which  migfht  now  be  so  easily  and  happily  termi- 
nated. 

Deeply  impressed  with  these  truths,  I  cannot  but  per- 
suade myself  that  his  royal  highness,  the  prince  regent  will 
take  into  his  early  consideration,  the  propositions  herein 
made  on  behalf  of  the  U.  Slates,  and  decide  on  them  in  a 
spirit  of  conciliation  and  justice.  ..  , 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  ^c. 
^  JONATHAN  RUSSELL. 


'  Lord  Castlercagh  to  Mr.  Ifnssnll.     •  > 

Foreign  Opfick,  Au«j.  29, 1812. 

SIR — Althoagh  the  diplomatic  relations  between  the 
two  governments  have  been  terminated,  by  a  declaration 
of  war  on  the  part  of  the  U.  Slates,  I  have  not  hesitated, 
under  the  peculiar  circumstances  ot  the  case,  and  the  au- 
thority under  which  you  act,  to  submit  to  the  prince  regent 
the  proposition  contained  in  your  letter  of  the  24th  inst.  for 
a  suspension  of  hostilities. 

From  the  period  at  which  your  Inslmctions  must  have 
been  issued,  it  is  obvious,  that  Ibis  overture  was  determin- 
ed upon  by  the  erovernment  of  the  U.  States,  in  ignorance 
of  the  Order  in  C<Mincilof  the  23d  of  June  last,  and  as  yoiv 
inform  me  that  you  are  not  at  liberty  to  depart  from  the  con- 
ditions set  forth  lu  you  letter,  it  only  reniains  for  me  to  ac- 
()uaintyou  that  the  prince  regent  feels  himself  under  the 
necessity  of  declining  to  accede  to  the  proposition  therein 
containcdj  as  being  on  various  grounds  absolntrly  inad- 
misBibJo. 


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I1I:<1UIIV  OF  'illi;  WAH. 


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'!    ; 


'III 


I 


As  AOUI1  asllicrc  wuh  rrusott  t(^  .i|;|»rtlKiiii,  Ut;ti  Mr.  ^W 
Ut'n  fuiiclioriN  iHii^lil  hiivti  i'i>a>  .'  u  .liinricu,  and  llisil  Ik. 
nii;r||i|iavc  bctMi  ublijL^etJ  tu  wi')i>,ili'nw  liiiiiHi.'lt,  in  consc- 
(|)ieiicfot' war  hiving  iu'en  ilecliired,  fiuiii  the  r.Slalts, 
bftore  liic  above  ii)t'iiUori<d  OiiUr  of  ibt*  *JiU\  of  June,  aii<l 
the  iiiMtruclioiiii  consequent  Uiereiipon,  coiibl  have  renclinl 
hull,  nieasnreg  Here  taken  tor  aulborlNind^  the  ikilish  Aii- 
iitiral  uti  llie  Anieri/can  vlation,  to  |)ro[40Ne  tu  the  |rovern- 
inent  of  the  V.  .Stales,  nn  immediate  and  reciprocal  re- 
vocation of  all  hostde  Orders,  with  the  tender  of  giving  full 
d}ect,  in  the  event  of  hostilities  bein^^  di»continiied,  to  tlie 
provisioiiiiof  ihesaid  Order,  upon  tlie  couditiou.*»  therein 
speciHed.  , ,,, 

From  thin  statement  you  will  perceive  that  Iho  view  you 
have  taken  of  this  part  of  the  subject  ih  incorrect ;  and  timt 
in  the  preset  t  state  of  the  relations  between  the  two  coun- 
tries, the  operation  of  the  Order  of  the  23d  June,  can  only 
be  defeated  by  a  refusal  on  the  part  of  your  government  to 
desist  from  hostilitits,  or  to  comply  with  the  conditions  ex- 
pressed in  the  said  Order.  ,•  .{ xi  i 

Under  the  circumstances  of  your  hnvincf  no  powers  to 
iiegocintc,  I  must  decline  entering  into  a  detailed  discus- 
sion of  the  propositions  which  you  have  been  directed  to 
bring  forward. 

I  cannot,  however,  refrain  on  one  single  point,  from  ex- 
pressing my  surprise  ;  namely,  that,  as  a  condition  prelim- 
inary even  to  a  suspension  of  hostilities,  th«  government ot 
the  U.  States,  should  have  thought  fit  to  demand,  that  llu 
British  government  should  desist  from  its  ancient  and  ac- 
customed practice  of  impressing  British  seamen  from  the 
merchant  ships  of  a  foreign  state,  simply  on  the  assurance 
that  a  law  shall  hereafter  be  passed  to  prohibit  the  employ^ 
men)  of  British  seamen  in  the  public  or  commercial  service 
of  that  state. 

The  British  government  now,  as  heretofore,  is  i-eady  to 
receive  from  the  government  of  the  U.  Stales,  and  amica- 
bly to  discuss,  any  proposition  which  professes  to  have  in 
■view  either  to  check  abuse  in  the  exercise  of  the  practice  ot 
im^  ressimnt,  or  to  accomplish  by  means  less  liable  to  vex 
ation,  the  object  for  which  impressment  has  hitherto  been 
found  necessary,  but  t-  ey  cannot  consent  to  suspend  tlit 
exercise  of  a  right  upon  which  the   naval  strength   of  tlit: 


HIStrOKY  or  Tlf£  \%  AR. 


173 


<m|>ire  WHinly  iIoim'ikJs,  mail  Un  y  are  fully   roiivincetl  Ihai 
iiieAiiH  can  liedeviicd,  uimI  Will  be  Ado|>t«^(l,  by   wliicli  Umi 
.«;»)( i'l  to  btobtuiiicil  by  the  extrcise  of  Uiui  rigbi*  can  b#. 
etjeciiiully  iitiCilretJ.  ,.. -,,  ,f.,.^,..  f,    ...,  .!.»'r.ti.  «trf.rt{ 

I  ba>v  llw  buiiui*  tu  be,  &c.  dt 

CASTLEfUWGH.  ,1 , 

*"■""***  wii  .'1*1  .»»'.   I 


M  v'l  '-^  r  i^/r.  Uwselt  to  lord  ( 'aatltreatfh . 

London,  Seplembcr  1,  1812. 

My  lord — I  bavc  benrd  wilb  much  regrcl,  by  your 
iordsiiip  M  note,  dated  the  tlie  29lb  ult.  which  I  did  not  re- 
ci>iv<  Mitil  khis  luoriiiiig^,  thai  the  |»riMce  regent  ht!«  thougfht 
|)ru|)er  to  decline  to  accede  to  the  propoHitioA  for  usuNpeh- 
sioii  of  hostdities,  routained  in  my  note  of  the  '24thof  Aug^. 

It  has  been  matter  of  surprise  to  me  that  my  view  with 
regard  to  the  revocation  of  the  Order  in  Council  of  the2dd 
of  June  latit, should  have  been  cooNidered  to  have  been  in- 
correct, wheu  it  appears  by  your  lordwhip's  note  diat  the 
Britiiih  g^overnment  itself  had  deemed  it  necesHary  to  f^ive 
powers  to  the  BritiHh  Admiral  to  titipulale  for  its  full  effect, 
and  thereby  admitted  tiiut  a  uew  act  was  required  for  that 
purpose. 

(t  now  only  remains  for  me  to  announce  to  you  lordsliip 
that  it  is  mv  intention  to  embark  immediately  at  Plymouth, 
on  board  tne  ship  Lark,  for  the  U.  States,  and  to  request 
that  permission  may  be  granted,  a  soon  as  may  be,  for  the 
embarkation  of  my  servants,  baggage,  and  the  effects  of 
this  legation,  and  that  the  necessary  passports  may  be  forn- 
Ifihedfor  my  own,  and  tbeir  safe  conduct  to  that  destination. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  api>rizs  your  lordship 
that  I  am  authorised  by  the  government  of  the  U.  States,  to 
leave  Reuben  Gaufit  Beasely,  Esq.  as  its  agent  for  prisonert 
of  war  in  this  country,  and  to  desire  that  every  necessary  fa- 
cility may  be  afforded  bim  in  the  exercise  of  that  trust,  by 
the  British  government. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  8(c.    -    '        ^^    ..y 

v^v<^:  ^  :,.^  ,  JONATHAN  RUSSELL. 

'-..    <  » ,  ,    Mr.  Russell  to  Mr.  Monroe.  r 

London,  Sept.  3,  1812, 
SIR — I  enclose  herein  a  copy  of  a  note,  received  yester- 
iiy  from  loru  Castlereagh,  which  will  acquaint  you  that! 


i 


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UISTOIIT  OF  THE  WAR. 


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1: 


have  obtained  my  passports  to  relorn  to  the  U.  Slalen,  and 
thai  Mr.  Beasely  is  permiited  to  remain  here  as  anient  for 
prisoners  of  war. 

Immediately  on  demanding^  my  passport  I  addressed  to 
the  consols  a  circular  of  which  you  wili  also  find  a  copy  en- 
closed.   '  .lil.i  I  i"/   ? 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

JONATHAN  RUSSELL 

m;u/    ,..!      Lord  Castlereagh  to  Mr.  Rvsseli.      '"  " 
"  '•' ''  '  '  "'   '  Foreign  Ofpick,  Sept.  2,  1812. 

'SIR — I  have  laid  before  his  royal  hij^hoess,  the  prince 
regent,  your  letter  of  the  1st  inst.  in  which  you  announce 
your  intention  to  embark  immediately  at  Plymouth  on  board 
the  ship  Lark,  for  the  U.  States. 

I  have  already  had  the  honor  of  forwarding  to  you  ait 
Admiralty  order  for  the  protection  of  that  ship  as  a  cartel, 
on  her  voyag"e  to  America,  and  I  herewith  enclose  to  you 
a  passport  for  the  free  embarkation  of  yourself  and  family, 
in  comfbrmity  to  your  request.  The  lords  commissisnei's 
of  his  majesty's  treasury  will  issue  directions  to  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  customs  to  give  every  facility  to  the  embarka- 
tion of  your  eifeots. 

If  previous  to  your  departure  from  England,  you  can 
point  out  to  me  any  particular  manner  in  which  lean  facil- 
itate your  arititngcments,  I  beg  that  you  will  command  my 
services.  ■..<:■•■  -      ■^-'  * 

His  royal  highness  had  commanded  me  to  signify  toyou, 
for  the  information  of  your  government,  that  there  will  be 
no  difficulty  in  allowing  Mr.  R.  G.  Beasely,  as  stated  in 
your  letter,  t-^  reside  in  this  country,  as  the  U.  State's  agent 
for  prisoueis  of  war.  '^p  P-'-'*'  »vi  vj.'jH  iiuj; » i  .ihw'  >♦>. 
-  '  1  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 
v'l  ,      i    J     i  s  K  CASTLEREAGH. 

Sir , LB,  Warren  to  Mr.  Monroe.  -  * 

i. '-  -H^  * ;  Halifax,  No^a  Scotia,  Sept.  30, 1812. 
SIR — The  departure  of  Mr.  Foster  from  America,  has 
devolved  upon  me  the  charge  of  making  known  to  you,  for 
the  information  of  the  government  of  the  U.  States,  the  sen- 
timents entertained  by  his  royal  highnes?:,  the  prince  regent, 
upon  the  existing  relations  of  the  two  countries. 


VISTOBY  OS  lOE  Willi. 


ms 


You  will  observe,  frum  \he  eoclotieil  copy  of  lui  Order  iii 
t'ouucil  beaming  (late  ihe  28doi  June,  181£,  ibatUte  Or- 
(Icis  in  Cuuiici)  ot  Uie  7Ui  of  JmUiary,  Jb07,  and  the  '.Jtiili  of 
April,  18(K),  ceased  to  exist  u^^rly  at  the  name  time  that 
lite  guvcM'rmient  of  the  U.  ^liites  declared  war  against  his 
ntajisJy 

luuucdialely  on  the  receipt  of  this  declaration  in  London, 
tlie  Older  in, Council, of  which  n  copy  is  herewith  enclosed 
l()  yju,  was  issued  on  the  lils.  day  of  July,  for  the  embargo 
:itid  dt;tentit)n  of  all  Antericunsjlips. 

L  uler  these  cirrumstaiices,  Tarn  eommnnded  to  propose 
to  yonr  government  the  inmiediate  cessation  of  hostilities 
helweeit  the  two  countries  and  1  bball  be  most  happy  to  be 
the  in.!  iment  of  bringing  about  a  reconciliation,  so  interes- 
ting a'      benetlcial  to  America,  and  G .  Britain. 

i  therefore  propose  to  you,  that  the  government  of  the  U. 
Stalesof  Americashall  instantly  recall  their  letters  of  niarquo- 
and  reprisal  against  British  ships,  together  with  all  or- 
ders and  instructions  for  any  acts  of  hostility  whatever 
against  the  territories  of  his  majesty,  or  the  persons  or  pro- 
perly of  his  subjects  ;  with  the  understanding,  that,  imme- 
diately on  my  receiving  from  you  an  official  assurance  to 
that  eftect,  I  shall  instruct  all  the  otiicers  under  my  com- 
mand to  desist  from  corresponding  measures  of  war, 
■against  the  ships  and  propeity  of  the  U.  States,  ajid  that  I 
siiall  transmit  without  delay,' corresponding  intelhgence  to 
the  several  parts  of  the  world  where  hostilities  may  have 
(commenced.  T\\6  British  commanders  in  which,  will  be 
required  to  discontinue  hostilities  from  the  receipt  of  such 
iiolire. 

Should  the  American  government  accede  to  the  above 
proposal  for  terminating  hostilities,  I  am  aullKirised  to  ar- 
range with  you  as  to  the  revocation  of  the  laws  which  in- 
terdict the  commerce  and  ships  of  war  of^Ci.  Britain  fi'oni 
the  harbors  and  waters  of  the  U.  States;  in  the  default  of 
which  revocation  within  such  reasonable  period  as  may  be 
agreed  upon,  you  will  observe  by  the  order  of  the  23d  June, 
the  Orders  in  Council  of  January,  1807,  and  April,  1809, 
are  to  be  revived. 

The  officer  who  conveys  this  letter  to  the  American  coast 
has  received  my  orders  to  put  to  sea  immediately  upon  the 
delivering  ofthis  dispatch  to  the  competent  authority  ;   Hml 


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17G 


HFSTOnV  OH  THF  WiR. 


I  earnestly  recomiiicml  that  no  litnemuy  l>e  lost  in  cojn- 
muiiicating'to  me  the  ilcci«ron  of  n  our  goveriinienl,  persuad- 
ed  as  I  feci  liial  it  cannot  but  be  of  »  nature  to  lead  to  a 
»f)eedy  termtnation  of  the  }irest»n(  diflVrcnres.  .^*'''^' 

The  Aug  of  truce  which  yon  n»av  rharjHfe  with  your  re- 
ply will  tind  one  of  my  cruisers  at  Sandy  Hook,  len  dms 
after  tlif;  landing  of  tbix  dispatch,  >vhiclil  have  directed  lo 
call   Ihei-e  with  a  flag  of  truce  for  that  purpose. 

I  have  honor  to  be,  kc. 

JOHN  BORLASE  WAIUIEN 


M 


Air.  Monroe  to  sir  J.  B.  Warrpti. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  StATE,  Oct.  27    1812. 

iSni — 1  have  bad  the  honor  to  receive  your  k-'  \  :  ot  iIk 
30th  ult.  and  tOKubinit  itto  Iheconsideration  of  the  President. 

It  appears  that  you  are  authorised  to  proposQ  p,  cessation 
of  hostilities  between  the  U.  States  and  G.  Britain,  on  Ik 
ground  of  the  repeal  of  the  Orders  iii  Council,  and  in  am 
the  proposition  is  acceded  lo,  to  take  measures  in  concert 
with  this  government,  lo  carry  it  into  complete  eflect  on 
both  sides. 

You  slate,  also  that  you  have  it  in  charge,  in  that  event, 
to  enter  into  an  arrangement  with  the  government  of  the  V. 
States  for  the  repeal  of  the  laws  which  interdict  the  ships  oi 
war  and  the  commerce  of  G.  Britain  from  the  harbors  and 
waters  olr  the  U.  Stales.  And  you  intimate,  that  if  the 
proposition  is  not  acceded  to,  the  Orders  in  Council  (repeal- 
ed conditionally  by  that  of  the  23d  of  June  last)  will  be  revi- 
Ted  against  the  commerce  ot  the  U.  Stales. 

I  am  instructed  to  inform  }0u,  tliat  it  will  be  very  satis- 
factory to  the  President  to  meet  tlie  British   government  in 
such  arrangements  as  uiuy  terminate  without  delay  the  hos- 
tilities which  now  exist  between  the  U.  States  and  G.  Bri 
tain,  on  conditions  honorable  to  both  nations. 

At  the  moment  of  the  declarution  of  war,  the  Presiden! 
gave  a  signal  proof  of  the  attachment  of  the  U.^States  to 
peace.  Instractions  were  given  at  that  early  period  to  the 
late  charge  d'affairs  of  the  U.  States  at  London,  to  pro- 
pose to  tiie  British  government  an  arniislice  on  conditions 
which  it  was  presumed  would  have  been  satisfactory,  ll 
has  been  seen  with  regret  tliat  the  piopo.sitions  made  In 
Mr.  Monroe,  particularly  in  regard  to  the  important  inter 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


17: 


ea  of  impressnit-iit,  was  rtj*  cleii,  and  Ural  none  .vas  offrroj 
tliruiii^li  that  cliaiiiiL'l,  as  a  basiii  uii  wliich  lio.>liItlits  uiiglit 
ciase. 

As  your  cfovernmeiil  has  aulliorlsetl  vou  to  propose  aces- 
itatioii  of  hostilities,  and  is  doubihss  aware  of  the  important 
:iii(l  salularv  effect  which  a  satistaitory  adju-stinent  of  this 
diiU^ieiice  rannot  fail  to  have  on  the  future  rt  lations  be- 
Ivuen  the  two  countries,  I  indulj^e  the  hope  that  it  has,  ere 
tins,  given  you  lull  power  lor  the  purpose.  Experience 
lia-^  sntficieutly  evinced  thai  no  peace  can  be  durul>;e  unless 
this  «)bject  IS  provided  ibr.  It  is  presumed,  tlieref».re,  that 
it  IS  equally  the  interest  of  both  couulries  to  adjust  it  at  this 
tune. 

Without  further  discussinc^  questions  of  right,  llie  Presi- 
(Itnt  IS  ilesirous  to  provide  a  remedv  for  the  evils  complain- 
ed of  on  both  sides.  The  cla  ui  of  the  British  ;^overn- 
nuiit  IS  to  take  from  the  merchant  vessels  of  other  coun- 
(res  nmish  subjects.  In  the  practice,  the  commanders  of 
till;  Brilisii  ships  oi  war  often  take  from  the  merchant  ves- 
sels of  the  U.  States,  American  citizens.  If  the  U.  States 
prohibit  the  employment  oi'  British  .subjects  in  their  service, 
and  infoi'ce  the  prohibition  of  suital)le  ret^ulations  and  pen- 
altits,  the  motives  for  the  practice  is  taken  away.  It  is  iti 
tins  mode  that  the  President  is  williii<^  to  accommodate 
tills  important  controversy  with  the  iiritishf^overnment,  and 
it  cannot  be  conceived  on  what  ground  the  arrungiinent 
rail  be  re  I  used. 

A  susjiension  of  tlie  practice  in  impressment,  pendinij 
the  armistice,  seems  to  be  a  m  cessary  consequence.  It 
oaiiiiot  be  presumed,  while  the  parses  are  engaged  in  a 
negocialion  to  adjust  amic>i)ly  this  important  ditference, 
ilial  the  U.  Stales  would  admit  the  right  or  acquiesce  in 
the  practice  of  the  opposite  party  ;  or  that  G.  Britain 
would  be  unwilling  to  restrain  her  cmizers  from  a  practice 
which  would  have  the  strongest  tendency  to  defeat  the  ne- 
gociatiou.  It  is  presumable  that  both  parties  would  enter 
into  the  ue-rociatiou  with  a  sincere  desire  to  give  it  eti'ect. 
For  this  purpose  it  is  necessiiry  that  a  clear  and  distinct 
uiulerslanding'  be  first  obtained  between  them,  of  the  ac- 
coinmodatiou  wliich  each  is  prepared  to  make.  If  the 
British  government  is  willing  to  suspend  the  practice  of 
impressment  from  American  vessels,  on  consideration  that 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  WAK. 


ll»e  U.  Stales  will  e\clml(*  Uritisii  seamen  from  tlirirsfr. 
vict',  the  rPSjnlaliouH  by  wliieh  this  comproiniso  slu)ii|(|  Ur 
canit'il  into  efterl  would  l)e  so!el\  Ihe  object  ot  neg'oeialion 
The  nrmiHlice  would  l)e  of  *|jorl  dnralion.  If  the  partir, 
ar^reed,  peace  would  he  the  rt^ull.  If  the  neg'ociatior; 
fa  Iti!,  each  would  be  restored  to  its  foriiur  slate,  and  li? 
all  ii«  preleiisuius,  b\  recurring'  to  war. 

Lord  CiHlli're.»i;li,  in  his  note  to  Mr  Russell,  seems  ir, 
have  supposed,  that  had  the  British  ••ov eminent  accepted 
Ihe  |>roposilionsniade  to  it,  Ci.  Brilani  would  have  suspend, 
ed  iininedialely  the  exercise;  of  a  ri^lil,  on  the  mere  assur. 
ance  <tf  tiiis  ^overument  that  a  law  would  be  atterwaids 
passe<l  to  prolubil  the  euiploynieiit  ol  British  seamen  in  the 
service  of  the  I '.  States,  aiid  that  G.  Britain  wouhi  have  no 
;ige  icy  in  the  rcj^ulaliou  to  g^ive  et^ecl  to  that  proposilion 
^iicli  an  idea  was  not  in  tjje  contemplaliou  of  this  f;;o\erii. 
ment,  nor  is  to  lu-  reasonably  inferred  from  Mr.  Russfll's 
note;  lest,  however, by  possibility  su<;h  an  inference  miifht 
be  drawn  from  instruct  ons  to  Mr.  Busscli,  and  anxioiu 
that  thcrt'  shouUi  be  no  misu'.iderslaiidmj;^  in  the  case,  sub- 
sequent instructior;>-  were  g'iven  to  Mr.  Russell  with  a 
View  lo  obviate  «v'  ry  objection  of  the  kind  alluded  to 
As  Ihey  bear  date  on  27lh  .Tuly,  and  were  forwarded  Ijv 
the  British  packet  Althea,  it  is  more  than  probable  that 
they  may  iiave  been  received  and  acted  on. 

I  am  happy  to  explain  to  you  thusfullv  the  vicvs  of  my 
government  ou  this  important  subject.  The  President  de- 
sires that  the  war  which  exists  belvveeu  our  coup' ries  should 
be  terminated  on  such  conditions  as  may  secure  a  solid 
and  durable  peace.  To  accomplish  this  great  object  it  is 
liecessary  that  the  interest  of  impressment  be  satisfactorily 
arranged.  He  is  willing"  that  G.  Britam  should  be  secured 
ia<j-aiiist  the  evils  of  which  she  complains.  He  seeks  on  the 
other  hand  that  the  citizens  of  the  U.  States  should  be  pro- 
tected ai;aii  st  si  |)ractice,  which,  while  it  degrades  the  na- 
tion, <leurives  them  ot  their  rights  as  freemen,  takes  them 
by  force  from  their  families  and  their  ciuuitry  iuto  a  fc- 
elgn  service,  lo  light  the  battles  of  a  foreign  power,  per- 
haps against  their  owukuulred  aiul  country. 

1  abstain  from  entennsr,  in  this  coiuniuncation,  into  otlifr 
groui.ds  of  difference.  The  Orders  m  Council  having  heeii 
repealed,  (with  a  reservation  not  impairmj^a  corresponding; 


HISTORY  OP  TIIK  WAR. 


I'/y 


rij/|»l  on  llie  part  of  lU**  U.  SloUs)  a  <l  no  illo^al  hlork- 
,)(U'>  i'f\ivc^  or  i)t<ttiliitft)  til  tlii'ic  sUiiiJ,  and  an  viiiJcr- 
slamli'tpT '^'^''''J?  ^^'^^">*^'^  on  I  In  -.jlijtct  ot  iai|irc^snu  i,  in 
tilt'  lUOtU*  hert'in  propojjtd,  tin  P.rs.dciil  js  v'llliii^  lu  a^iet 
to  ai't'ssatmii  ot  IiosIiIiIms,  willi  a  vit-w  lo  arraiigx'  liy  lua- 
tv.  III  u  luoie  distinct  and  aiiipif  luainuM',  and  lu  the  satis- 
iaflion  ot  l)otli  parties,  evtrv  ohtr  Hu'ject  of  coiitrovt'r>y. 

I  will  only  add  that  ifliurehe  nooiijcctioii  to  an  acooni- 
iiiodation  of  du'  diffvrence  rflatii:or  to  impri'ssiiKiil,  in  Ui« 
mode  proposed,  other  than  the  suspension  of  ih*-  Bnfish 
claim  to  iinpresstueiil  during-  the  armistice,  there  can  he 
none  to  proceeding;,  without  die  armistice,  to  an  inmiedi- 
aii;  discussion  and  arrangement  of  an  articK  on  thai  sul'jeet. 
I'his  j^reat  question  hemg-  satisfactorily  adjustt^d,  the  way 
will  i)t  open  either  fi^r  an  anuisuce  or  any  otiier  cunise 
le<i' '.ig  inost  conveniently  and  expediliously  lo  a  general 
nacitication.       i  Ijave  ttie  honor  to  he,v.('. 

.lAxVIES  MONROE. 


BRITISH  CHALLENGE. 

Ignorant  of  the  tate  of  liie  blusterm}^  JJacres^  air  James 
Yen,  of  the  Southampton  frigate,  sent  the  follow  inj;  jwlite 
challenge  to  Ca|it.  L).  Porter,  commander  of  the  Innate 
Essex.  The  king,  *  the  fountain  of  honor,'  dubbed  tur 
James,  a /cmy/e^ ;  we  wished  Capt.  Porter  the  |<»leasure  of 
driiUting  him  into  a  gentleman. 

'  A  passenger  of  the  brig  Lyon  from  Havanna  to  New- 
York,  captured  by  the  frigate  Southampton,  sir  James  Yeo, 
couiixiander,  is  requested  by  sir  James  Yeo,  to  present  his 
compliments  to  Capi  Poiier,  commander  of  ihp  American 
frigate  Essex,  would  be  glad  io  \)Q.vt  a  tete-a-tete  any  where 
between  the  capes  of  Delaware  and  tlie  Havanna,  when  he 
would  have  the  pleasure  to  break  hJH  own  sword  over  his 
damned  head  and  put  him  down  forward  in  irons.'    . 

AMERICAN  ACCEPTANCE. 

Capt.  Porter,  of  tlie  U.  Stales  ingate  Essex,  presents 
Ills  complmients  to  sir  James  Yeo,  commanding  his  liri- 
tannic  majesty's  frigate  Southampton,  and  accepts  with 
pleasure  his  polite  invitation.  If  agreeable  to  sir  Ja,mesy 
Capt,  Porter  would  prefer  meeting  near  the  Delaware, 
Wiiere,  Capt.  P.  pledges  his  honor  to  sir  James,  that  iio 
other  American  vessel  shall  interrupt  their  tete-a-tete. 


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190 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


ThoEsse?  may  he  known  by  a  fl;^t?  bearing'  the  inotto-^ 
FRKK  TR»DF.  AND   SAILOKS'  RICJnTS  ; 

An<l  when  III  it  is  slrnrk  lo  llu*  ^onlhiimplon  Capt.  Porter 
will  cl»'MM\€'  thr  trf':i>nirnt  promised  by  sir  James. 

Philadelphia,  iii'pt.  IS,  IHX'i. 


for 


CHAPTER  VI. 

JONES'  VICTORY— AND  CAPTPRE. 

Capt.  Junes  lo  the  ^ecreion/  of  Ihc  :\avfj. 

Nkvv-Y    UK.,   Nov.  2*4,  1812. 
SIR — I  here  avail  inysell"  of  the  Hrsl  opportunity    ot" 


in- 


of  Iht 


e  occurrences  ot  our  cruise,  which  ler- 
miiiHted  in  the  capUire  of  iho  Wjisp  on  the  18th  of  Oct  by 
th<:  Poictiers  of  74  guns,  while  si  wn^ck  from  duma^es  re- 
ceived in  an  engagement  vvilii  the  British  sloop  of  war  Frolic, 
of  22  guns ;  sixteen  ot  them  thirty-two  pouud  carron- 
ades,  and  tour  twelve  pounders  on  the  main  deck,  and  two 
twelve  pouiiders,  carronades,  on  the  top-gallanl-forecaslle, 
makiiiLj  her  superior  in  force  to  us  by  4  twelve  pounders. 
The  Frolic  had  struck  to  us,  and  was  taken  possessioii  ot' 
about  two  hours  before  our  surrendering  lo  the  Poictiers. 

We  had  left  the  DcUware  on  the  1:3th.  The  16lh  hud  a 
lieavv  gale,  m  which  we  lost  our  jib-boom  and  two  men. 
Halt  p.  st  eleven,  on  the  night  of  the  17th,  in  the  latitude 
ot  ;37  deg.  N.  and  Ion,  65  deg.  W.  we  saw  several  sail, 
two  of  them  appearing  very  large;  we  stood  from  them 
for  some  time,  then  shortened  sail  and  steered  the  remain- 
dt-r  01  the  night  the  course  we  hud  perceived  tliem  on. 
At  *a\ -light  on  Sunday  the  18th  we  saw  them  ahead— 
gave  chase  and  soo  i  discovered  them  to  l»e  a  convoy  of 
siv  sail,  under  the  proleclioii  of  a  soon  of  'var  ;  lour  of 
th<  m  large  ships,  mounting  from  16  to  18  guns.  At  lluity 
two  miuules  past  11,  A^  M.  we  engaged  ttio  sloop  of  vvnr, 
hav.n^  first  received  lur  tire  at  the  disl'.ince  of  lifts  or  sixlv 
yards,  which  space  we  gradually  lessened  until  we  aid  her 
01  board,  after  a  well  supported  hre  of  4^3  ui  nntes;  and  al- 
Jthoogh  so  near  while  loading  the  last  broadside  that  our 
rammers  u ere  shoved  ;igainst  the  side  of  the  enemy,  our 
llieii  eiiliibiied  the  sanse  alacrity  which  they  had  done  drr 


i  : 


inSTORY   OF  THRXTAR. 


1« 


mijlhc  whole  of  the  aclioii.  Tluy  ittimrd lately  siirreiuler- 
tii  iijion  onr  {jfainiiijr  *l»c"'  torecastle,  so  Ihat  no  Ims  wa» 
jjust  «i  ed  oiieilhtT  side  itterbourilinsf.       •*'  '♦'•■f.''*'  >♦•  i><::'nr 

Our  niniii-lO|)-niast  was  shot  away  lielvpeen  4  nn«i  *  min-; 
hUh  t'roni  the  rominciicrMH'Ht  of  the  firing,  and  falling  lo<i 
iTfther  with  the  ti>aiiuto|)-sad  \ard  across  the  hirhourd- 
ii)re  and  fore-lop-sail  braces,  rendered  our  head-yardn  uiw 
ni  iia^eihle  llie  remainder  of  the  action.  At  eight  mntiites 
ttie^altand  main-top-*rallant  mast  came  down,  and  at 
•JO  niinntesfrom  the  higin;  mg  of  theaclioii  every  hrace  and 
most  of  the  riggmg  v\as  shot  away.  A  few  niimile^  after 
sp|»;iralnig  troni  ihe  Frolic  both  her  mast  fell  tipoii  deck, 
the  mainmast  going  close  by  the  deck,  and  the  foremast 
twelve  01  tifteen  feet  above  it. 

The  courage  and  exertions  of  the  officers  and  crew    fully 
answerefi  n\\  expectations  and  wishes. 

I  have  *the  honor  to  be,  ^c.  J  ACOB  JON  ES. 


AMERICAN   LOSS. 
Killed  5 — wounded  5. 

BRITISH  LOSS. 


'..'f-  O'Hi!  /! 


Killed  27 — wounded  44. 


DECATUR'S  VICTORY. 

Com.  Decatur  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Ncvy. 
U,  S.  S.  Lnited  states,  at  sea,  Oct.  30,  181-2. 

SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  on  the  25lh 
inst.  being  in  lat,  29  deg.  N.  long.  :20,  30  W.  we  fell  in 
with,  a. id,  after  an  action  of  one  hour  and  a  half,  captured 
his  Britannic  majesty's  frigate  Mace. Jon lan,  commanded 
by  Capt."  John  (Jarden,  and  mounting  49  carriage  guns 
(tiie  odd  gun  shifting.)  She  is  a  frigate  of  the  largest 
class,  two  years  old,  four  months  out  of  dock,  and  reputed 
oneof  the  best  sailers  in  the  British  service.  The  enemy 
being  to  wiudward,  had  the  advantage  of  engaging  usat 
his  own  distance,  which  was  so  great,  that  for  thetirst  half 
hour  we  did  not  use  our  carronades,  and  at  no  moment 
was  he  within  the  complete  effect  of  our  musketry  or  graj>e; 
to  this  circumstance  and  a  heavy  swell,  which  was  on  at 
the  time,  I  ascribe  the  unusual  length  of  the  action. 

The  enthusiasm  of  every  officer,  seamen,  and  marine  on 
board  this  ship,  on  discovering  the  enemy — their  steady 


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HISTORY  OV  THE  WAB. 


conduck  ill  bRllle,  and  precUion  of  their  6re,  could  iiol  U 
■ur|r<iiiM!d>  Where  all  met  my  fiillust  cxpeclaiion.s,  it 
^uuld  Ije  iiiijuiit  III  me  tu  discriminate.  Permit  me,  how. 
ever»  to  recouimtiiiiL  to  your  purticular  notice,  my  firnt  Lieut. 
Wiltu»m  H.  Alien.  |Ie  has  served  with  me  upwards  of 
five  years,  and  tu  his  uuremilLcd  exertions  in  diKciplining 
the  crew,  18  to  be  im|iuted  the  obvious  superiority  of  our 
gunnery  exhibited  m  the  result  of  the  contest. 

The  MAceUpnian  lost  her  mizen-mast,  lore  and  main-top. 
masts  and  mimi  yard,  and  was  much  cut  up  in  her  hull. 
ThedatuQge  sustained  by  this  ship  was  nut  i»uch  as  to  rei). 
der  hvr  return  into  port  necessary,  and  h^^d  1  not  deemed  it 
ijn|»o.t«ku,tthat  we  fihould  see  our  prize  ju, should  have  con- 
tinued our  cruise. 

With  the  l9J£lie»t  consideration,  &c.    ' 

,,l.     STEPHEN  J)j:CATUR. 


•>j\'  ■- 


AMERICAN   LOSS. 

Killed  7— rwouixded^i. 

BKITISU  LOSS. 

Killed  36 — wouat!  d  ei8— prisoners  270. 


■<1  i 
\ 


BAINBRIDGFS   VrCTORY. 

Cew.  Bainbridf/e  to  the  Secretary  o/  the  Navy. 
V.  iS,  t\  Coiistituiiott,  St  Salvador^  Jan.  3,  1818. 
SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  iiuform  you,  that  on  the  'JOth 
ultimo,  at  2  P.  M.  in  south  latitude  1*3,00,  and  west  long, 
3^,  10 leagues  diMance  from  the  coast  of  Brazils,  I  fell  in 
ivitli  and  captured  his  Britannic  majesty's  frigate  Javn,  ot 
49  guns  and  upw  ards  of  400  men,  commanded  by  Capt. 
LambeT't,  a  very  distinguished  ofiicer.  The  action  ladled 
etie  hour  aqd  o6  minutes,  in  which  time  the  enemy  was 
completely  dismasted,  not  having  a  spar  of  any  kind  slnnd- 
iog.  The  loss  on  board  the  Constitution  was  9  killed  nnd 
25  wounded,  a,H  per  enclosed  list.  The  enemy  had  00 killed 
and  101  woi^nded,  certainly, (among  the  latter  Cupt.  L.ra* 
bert,  mprtally;  but  by  the  enclosed  letter,  written  on  board 
the  ship,  (by  one  of  the  pBicersof  the  Java)  and  accidental- 
ly found,  it  is  evident  tiiat  the  enemy's  wounded  must  have 
been  much  greater  than  above  stated,  and  who  must  have 
died  of  their  wounds  previously  to  their  being  removed. 
The  letter  states  sixty  killed  and  170  wounded. 


Jl 


niSTORY  OV  tWt  VTMt. 


Ids 


For  furllier  drtailM  of  ihe  action,  I  brg  leave  to  refer  you 
totht'  enclosed  extracts  from  my  jouiiial.  Tlie  Javm  liad 
in  addition  to  lier  own  crew  upwards  of  one  hundnvl  mi- 
nernumerary  oHicersand  seamen,  to  join  the  HriiiMh  Hhips 
of  war  in  ihe  East  Indies;  also,  Lieutenant-Generat  Urs- 
loj»,  appointed  lo  the  command  of  Bomlmy,  Major  Walker, 
and  Capt.  Wood,  of  his  slaft*,  and  Capt.  IVIarshnll.  muster 
and  coiiiuiaiider  in  the  British  navy,  going  to  ihe  East 
ImliHS  lo  take  command  of  a  sloop  of  war  there. 

Should  I  attempt  to  do  justice,  hy  representation,  lo  the 
brave  and  good  conduct  of  all  my  officers  and  crew,dunng 
tlie  action,  I  should  fail  in  the  attempt ;  therefore,  suflice 
it  to  say,  that  the  whole  of  their  conduct  was  such  as  to 
merit  my  highest  enconiums.  On  blowing  up  of  the  frigate 
Java,  1  proceeded  to  this  place,  where  I  have  landed  all 
the  prisoners  on  their  parole,  to  return  to  England,  and 
there  remain  until  regularly  exchanged,  and  not  serve  in 
their  professional  capacities  in  any  place  or  in  any  manner 
\*hatever  against  ihe  U  .States  of  America,  until  the  ex- 
change shall  be  eftected. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

W.  BAINBRIDGE. 

AMERICAN  LOSS* 

Killed  9— wounded  25. 

BUITISH  LOSS. 

'  Killed  GO— wounded  101— prisonere  376. 

Extract  from  CommodoreWm.Bainbridge's  Journal,  kept 
on  board  the  U.  S.  F.  Constitution. 

*  Tuesdai/,  Dec.  29,  lSi2. 
*  At  9  A.  M.  discovered  two  strange  sails  on  the  weath- 
er bow.  At  10  discovered  the  strange  sails  lo  be  ships; 
one  of  them  stood  in  for  the  land  and  the  other  stood  off 
shore,  in  a  direction  towards  us.  At  10,  46  A.  M.  \ye 
tacked  ship  to  tlie  northward  and  westward  and  stood  for 
the  sail  standing  towards  us,  and  at  11  A.  M  tacked  to  \\w 
southward  and  eastward,  hauled  up  the  mainsail  and  took 
ill  the  royals.  At  11,30,  made  the  private  signal  for  the 
dav,  which  was  not  answered,  and  then  set  the  mainsail  and 
royals  to  draw  the  strange  sail  off  from  the  neutral  coast; 
^iid  separate  her  from  the  sail  in  coropany. 


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184 


HISTORY  OF  TUL  WAR. 


I  It 


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*  In  lal.  13,  9,  S.  lon|^.  3H  W.  ti  u  I',  ijfiies  iiom  tin- « «,  t-rf 
of  Brizil,  coinmeiict^g  wilh  clear  we  itliir  niid  niuiUiMir 
bre*'/eK  from  E.  N.  E.  hoiNted  our  ensign  aiui  peiidunt.  At 
\'i  iiiiiiuleH  past  meruliaii,  tiic  slii|>  hoisted  Iter  culum — ait 
English  ensig^n,  haviiitf  a  ^tig-iial  Hying  at  lur  main. 

*  At  1,26,  P.  VI,  (xiuif  HutHcieiitly  tVom  the  land,  and 
finding  the  ^hip  to  be  a;i  Enghsh  frigate,  took  in  lliu  niuin. 
fiail  and  royals,  tacked  Mhip  and  stood  for  the  enemy.  At 
1,3U,  P.  M.  the  enemy  bore  down  with  un  mttntion  ot  ink- 
iiig  us  which  we  avoided  by  wearing.  At  '1  P.  M.  the  en. 
etny  being  withm  half  a  mile  of  us,  and  to  windward,  and 
having  hauled  down  his  colors  except  the  union  jack  at  the 
mizenmast  head,  induced  me  to  give  orders  to  ttie  olHct  m 
of  the  3d  division  to  tire  a  gun  ahead  of  the  eneniN ,  to 
makehiui  show  his  colors,  which  being  done,  brought  on  u 
fire  from  us  of  the  whole  broadside,  on  which  the  eiitmy 
hoisted  his  colors,  and  innnediately  returned  our  tire.  A 
general  action  with  round  and  i>Viipe  then  commenced  ; 
the  eiumy  keeping  at  a  much  gi^^'ter  distance  than  I  wish. 
ed  ;  but  could  not  bring  him  to  u  closer  action,  without  ex- 
posing ourselves  to  several  rakes.  Considerable  manoovers 
were  made  by  both  vessels  to  rake  and  avoid  beiig  liik- 
ed.     The  following  minutes  were  taken  during  the  aciioii : 

*  At  2,  10,  P.  M,  commenced  the  action  within  good 
grape  and  cannister  distance,  the  enemy  to  windward,  but 
much  farther  than  1  wished. 

*  At  2,30,  our  wheel  was  shot  entirely  away. 

*  At  2, 40,  determined  lo<lose  Mitli  the  enemy  notwitli- 
standing  his  raking,  ^et  the  fore  and  mainsail,  aiid  lulled 
Up  close  to  him.  '' 

*  At  2,  50,  the  enemy's  jib-boom  got  foul  of  our  mizeii 
rigging. 

*  At  3,  the  head  of  the  enemy's  bowsprit  and  jib-boom 
shot  away  by  us. 

*  At  3,  5,  shot  away  his  fore-mast  by  the  board. 

<At  3,  15,  shot  away  hts  mam-top-  mast  just  above  the 

cap. 

J    *  At  3,  40,  shot  away  the  gaff  and  spanker  boom. 
'  At  3,  o5,  shot  away  his  unzen-mast  nearly  by  the  board. 
*  Vi  -S  5,  having  silenced  the  ti.t^  oithcMiemy  completely, 
anu  his  colors  in  the  mam  ii^guig  beino-  down,  bU])po'<t'(l 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


185 


It;  liaO  struck  ;  then  hauled  down  U)(>  courses  to  shoot 
;tlit'iul  to  repair  uur  rig'y^iiig,  which  was  exlreincly  cul  ; 
leaving  the  enemy  a  complete  wreck  ;  noon  alter  uikcuv- 
vrcd  that  the  eiieui)'*M  fla;^  was  still  tlyiiit^.  Hove  too  to  re- 
pair some  of  our  damaiye. 

'  At  '20  minutes  past  4,  the  enemy's  mainmast  went 
iicarly  Uy  the  hoard.  , 

'  At  GO  iniiiiiles  past  4,  wore  ship  and  stood  for  the  eu- 
tiny. 

*  At  '2i'}  minu  es  past  />,  >rn\.  close  to  the  enemy,  in  a  very 
itK'clual  rakmg'  pusitior>  ,\vi  his  bows,  and  was  at  the 
iitslance  of  raking  him,  most  prudently  struck  his 
h'^  :  for  had  he  sud'crei  •  idside  to  have  raked  huu, 
h;s  ndtlitional  loss  must  lu  n  extremely  great — as  lie 
laid  lui  niimaifag-eable  wreck  upon  the  water.  Alter  the 
eni'iuy  had  struck,  wore  ship  and  reefed  the  tojisads-^— then 
hoisted  out  one  of  the  only  two  remaining  boats  we  itad 
left  out  of  eight,  and  sent  Lieut.  Parker,  1st  of  the  Consti- 
tulion,  to  take  possession  of  the  enemy,  which  |>roved  to  be 
lii^  Britannic  majesty's  frigate  Java,  rated  88,  but  carried 
49  gnus,  and  manned  with  upwards  ot  401)  men,  command- 
ed by  Capt.  Lambert,  a  very  distinguished  officer,  who 
was  mortally  wounded.  The  action  continued  from  com- 
nuiicementto  the  end  of  the  fire,  one  hour  and  55  mmutes. 
Tiie  Java  had  her  own  com})lenieitt  of  men  complete,  and 
u|)\vards  of  one  hundred  supernumeraries,  going  to  British 
ships  of  war  to  the  East  Indies — also  several  officers,  pas- 
sengers, going  out  un  promotion.  The  force  ot  the  enemy 
in  number  of  men  at  the  commencement  of  the  action  was 
no  <luul>t  considerably  greater  than  we  have  been  able  to 
ascertain,  which  is  upwards  of  400  men.  The  officers  were 
(xtremely  cautious  in  disovering  the  number.  By  her 
quarter  bill ;  she  had  one  more  man  stationed  to  each  gua 
than  we  had. 

'  The  Constitution  was  very  much  cut  in  her  sails,  and 
rigging,  and  many  of  her  spars  injured. 

*  At  7,  P.  M.  the  boat  returned  with  Lieut.  Chads  the 
tirst  Lieut,  of  the  enemy's  frigate,  and  Lieut.  Gen.  Hislop^ 
(appointed  Governor  of  Bombay)  Maj.  Walker,  and  Capt, 
Wood. 

'Capt.  Lambert  was  too  dangerously  wounded  to  be  re- 
moved inimediatclv.     The  cutter  returned   en  board  th# 

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prize  for  the  prisoiieni«  an<]  brought  Capt  Marshall,  master 
aiitl  coniniundant  in  the  British  navy,  who  was  a  passenger 
oil  iMtard,  also,  Ncveral  other  naval  officers. 

*  The  Java  was  an  ini|iortant  ship,  fitted  out  in  the  com- 
plelest  manner,  to  carry  Lieut.  Gen.  Hislop  and  staff  to 
Bombay. 

Letter  above  alluded  lOtfrom  an  officer  of  the  Java, 
t'omltliition,  St.  Salvador,  BrazilSfJan.  1,  1813. 
My  dear  sir — I  uni  sorry  to  inform  you  of  the  unpleas- 
ant news  of  Mr.  Gascoine^s  death.  Mr.  Gascoine  and  my- 
self were  shipmates  in  the  Marlborough,  and  first  came  to 
sea  together,  lie  was  shot  early  in  the  action  by  a  round 
shot  in  his  right  thigh,  and  died  in  a  few  m;;.ates  afterwards. 
Four  others  of  his  messmates  shared  the  same  fate,  together 
with  00  men  killed  and  1 70  wounded.  The  official  ac- 
count you  will  no  doubt  have  read  before  this  reaches  you. 
I  beg  you  will  let  all  his  friends  and  relations  know  of  his 
untimely  fate. 

We  were  on  board  the  Java  for  a  passage  to  India 
when  we  fell  in  with  this  frigate. — Two  parcels  I  have 
sent  you  under  good  care,  and  I  hope  this  will  reach  yon 
safely.  Yours  truly, 

H.  D.  CORNECK. 
Lieut.  P.  V.  Wood,  22d  reg.  Isle  of  France, 

.  LAWRENCE'S  VICTORY. 
Capl.  Lawrence  to  the  Secretary  oj  the  Navy. 
U.  S.  8.  Hornet,  Holmes'  Hole,  March  19,  1813. 
SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  ir.ibrm  you  of  the  arrival  at 
this  port,  of  the  U.  S.  ship  Hornet,  under  my  command, 
from  a  cruise  of  145  days,  and  to  slate  to  you,  that  after 
Com.  Bainbridge  left  the  coast  of  Brnxils,  (on  the  6lh  of 
January  last)  the  Hornet  continued  of!'  the  harbor  of  St. 
Salvador,  blockading  the  Bonne  Cilt^yenne,  of  21  guns, 
imtil  the  24tl),  when  the  Montagu,  74,  hove  in  sight  and 
chased  me  into  the  harbor;  but  night  coming  on  I  wore 
and  stood  to  the  southward.  Knowing  that  she  had  left 
Rio  Janeiro  for  the  express  purpose  of  relieving  the  Bonne 
Citoyennc,  and  the  Packet,  of  14  gun:*  (which  I  had  also 
blocKaded  for  fourteen  days,  and  obliged  her  to  send  her 
liiail  to  Rio,  in  a  Portuguese  smack)  I  judged  it  most  pnv 


'«■-* 


uihTORY  OP  rnc  war. 


187 


(lent  to  clianee  our  cruising  ground,  nntl  stooa  to  tlie  casl- 
wardy  with  tne  view  of  cruising  ofT  PerntimlMico — and  on 
ihc'llh  da^-  of  February,  raptured  the  En<(lish  brig  Ren- 
oliUion,  from  Rio  Janeiro,  bound  to  Moraunttni,  with  cof- 
fee, jerked  beef,  flour,  fustic,  and  buller,  and  about  *2«5,000 
(ioiiars  in  s|)ecie.     Am  the  brig  sailed  dull,  and  could   ill 
sjiare  handn  to  man  her,  1  took  out  the  money  and  set  her 
on  fire.     I  then  run  down  the  coant  for   Moranham,  and 
cruised  there  a  short  time  ;  from  thence  ran  otf  Surrinam. 
A Aer  cruising  otf  that  coast  from  the  dth  to  the  22d  of  Feb- 
runry,  without  meeting  a  vessel,  1  stood  for  Demarara,  with 
an  intention  should  I  not  be  i'ortunalc   on  that  station,  to 
mn  through  the  West  Indies,  on  my  way  to  the  U.  Stales/ 
But  on  the  morning  of  the  24th,  T  discovered  a  brig  to  lee-! 
ward,  to  which  I  gave  chase;  ran  into  quarter  less  four,' 
and  not  having  a  pilot,  was  obliged  to  hatl  off— the  fort  at* 
tiie  entrance  of  Demarara  river  at  this  tiuMB  bearing  S.  W.  ^ 
distance  about  2  1-2  leagues.    Previously  (^|^ving  up  the. 
chase,  I  discovered  a  vessel  at  anchor  without  the  bar  ^ith' 
English  colors  flying,  appaiently  a  brig  of  war.     In   beat-^ 
ing  round  Corrobano  bank,  in  order  to  get  al  her,  at  half 
past  3,  P.  M.  I  discovered  another  sail  on   my   weather' 
quarter,  edging  down  for  us.     At  4, 20,  she  hoisted  Eng- 
lish colors,  at  which  time  we  discovered  her  to  be  a  large 
man  of  war  brig — beat  to  quarters,  and  cleared  ship  for 
action — kept  close  hy  the  wind,  in  order  if  possible  to  get 
the  weather  guage.     At  5,  10,  finding  I  could  weather  the 
enemy,  I  hoisted  American  colors,  and  tacked.     At  5, 20» 
in  passing  each  other,  exchanged   broadsides   within  half 
pistol  shot.     Observing  the  enemy  in  the   act  of  wearing, 
1  bore  up,  received  his  starboard  broadside,  ran  iiim  close 
on  board  on  the  starboard  quatter,  and  kept  up  such  a  heavy 
and  well  directed  Are,  that  in  less  than  15  minutes  he  sur- 
rendered, being  literally  cut  to   pieces,  and   hoisted   an 
ensign,  union  down,  from  his  fore  rigging,  as  a  signal  of 
distress.     Shortly  after  his  mainmast  wertt  by  the  board. 
Despatched  Lieut.  Shubrick  on  Uoard,  who  soon  returned 
with  her  first  Lieut,  who  reported  her  to  be  his  Britunnic 
majesty's   late  brig  Peacock,  commanded  by  Capt,  Wil- 
liam Peake,  who  fell  in  the  latter  part  of  the  action — that 
a  number  of  her  crew  were  killed  and  wounded,  and  that 
she  was  staking  fast;  having  then  six  feet  of  wate  r  ia  her 


ft 


!;    \ 


t 


18S 


9IST0KY  or  TU£  WAB. 


I-    '    - 


I 


ill 


i 


hold.     Despatched  the  boats  ininiediately  for  the  wound- 
ed, and  brought  both  veweb  to  anchor.    Such  shot  hoies 
as  could  be  got  at,  were  then  plugged ;  her  guns  thrown 
overboard,  and  every  possible  exertion  used  to  keep  her 
afloat,  until  the  prisoners  could  be  removed,  by   pumping 
and  bailnig,  but  without  effect;  and  she  unfortunately  sitiik 
in  five  and  a  half  fathoms  Water,  carry ing  down   M  of  lier 
crow,  and  three  of  my  brave  fellows.     Lieut.  Conner,  niid- 
shifHuan  Cooper,  and  the  remainder  of  the  Hornet's  crt^w, 
emploved  in  removing  the  prisoners,  with  difficulty  saved 
themselves  by  jumpmg  in  a  boat  that  was  lying  on  her 
bowftas/ihe  went  down.     Four  men,  of  the  13  mentioned, 
^ere  so  fortunate  as  to  gain  the  fore-top,  and  were  after- 
wards taken  off  by  the  boats.     Previous  to  her  going  down, 
four  of  her  men  took  to  her  stern   boat,   which  bad   been 
much  damag^<^  during  the  action,  who,  I  hope,  reached 
the  shore  in  sa^t^  ;  but  from  the  heavy  sea  running  at  the 
time,  the  sham^  state  of  the  boat,  and  the  difficulty  of 
landing  on  th^^Mist,  1  much  fear  they  were  lost.     I  have 
not  been  able  to  ascertain  from  her  officers  the  exact  num- 
ber killed.    Capt.  Peake  and  four  men  were  found  dead 
o.(  board.    The  master,  one  midshipman^  carpenter,  and 
Ca  lain*s  clerk,  and  29  seamen  were  wounded,  most  of 
them  very  severely,  three  of  whom  died   of  their  wounds 
af'er  being  removed,  and  9  drowned.     Our  loss  was  tri- 
fling in  comparison,  being  only  2  killed   and  3  wounded. 
Qiir  riggiiig  and  sails  were  very  much  cut;    one  shot 
tiirough  ihe  foremast,  and  the  bowsprit  slightly  injured. 
Our  hull  received  little  or  no  damage.     At  the  time  the 
peacock  was  brought  to  acki'      the  L'Espeigle,  (the  brig 
Mentioned  above  as  being  at .      lor)  mounting  16  two  and 
thirty  pound  carrqnades  s^nd  two  long  nines,  lay  about  six 
miles  in  shore,  and  coull  plainly  see  the  whole  of  the  ac- 
tion.    Apprehensive  that  she  would  beat  out  to  the  assist- 
ance of  her  consort,  f  uch  exertions  were  made  by  my  offi* 
cers  and  crew  m  repairing  damages,  &c.  that  by  9  o'clock 
the  boats  were  stowed,  a  new  set  of  sails  bent,  and  the  ship 
completely  ready  for  action.     At  2,  A.  M.  got  under  way, 
Bud  stood  by  the  wind  to  the  northward  and  westward,  un- 
der easy  sail. 

On  niusti  ring  next  morning,  found  we  had  277  souls  on 
board,  mciudiog  the  crew  of  the  American  brig  Hunter, 


HISTOEY  OV  TBB  WAft. 


180 


\[ 


oi  Portland,  Uken  a  few  daysbefora  b^  the  Peacock.  Audi 
■M  «re  had  been  on  two  thirds  allowance  af  |>roviftioiM  for 
!M)uie  time,  and  had  but  3,400  gallona  of  water  on  board, 
I  rcduoed  the  alluwance  to  three  pinte  a  maui  and  deter- 
Dtiiied  to  make  the  be«t  of  my  way  to  tlie  (J.  Statet. 

The  Peacock  was  deservedly  styled  one  of  the  finest  ves*. 
aeU  of  her  class  in  the  British  nnvy,  probably  about  the  ton* 
age  of  tlie  Hornet.  Her  beam  was  greater  by  five  inches  ;- 
but  her  extreme  len  gth  not  so  great  by  four  feet.  She 
mounted  16  twenty  four  pound  carronades,  two  loognines, 
006  twelve  pound  carroiiade  on  her  top-gallant  forecastle, 
as  a  shifting  gun,  and  one  4  or  0  pounder,  and  2  sv^ivela 
mounted  aft.  I  find  by  her  quarter  bill  that  her  crew  con- 
sisted of  134  men,  four  of  whom  were  absent  in  a  prize.  , 
With  the  greatest  respect,  ^c. 

JAMES  liAV^ENCfi. 

p.  S.  At  the  commencement  of  the  4pNt  °*y  iiAiliDg 
roaster  and  seven  men  were  ubMent  in  a  ^m,  aud  Lieot., 
Stewart,  and  six  men  on  the  sick  lift. 


IrM 


J! 


CHAPTER  VII. 


>     M 


{f- 


CAPTURE  OF  LITTLE  YORK. 

Gen.  Dearborn  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 
H.  Q,  York,  Upper-Canada,  April  28,  X8l^ 

SIR — After  a  detention  of  some  days  by  adverse  winds, 
we  arrived  at  this  place  yesterday  morning,  and  at  8  o*clock 
cotntnenced  landing  the  troops  about  3  miles  westward! 
from  the  town,  and  one  and  a  naif  from  the  enemy  *s  worksf 
The  wind  was  high  and  in  an  unfavorable  direction  for  the 
boats,  which  preyented  the  landing  of  the  troops  at  a  clear 
field,  the  scite  of  the  ancient  French  fort  Tarento.  It  pre- 
vented also  many  of  the  armed  vessels  from  taking  jposi- 
tioiis,  which  would  have  most  efieclually  covered  omr  laud- 
iag— but  every  thing  that  couhl  be  done  was  effected. 

The  riflemen  under  Major  Forsyth  first  landed,  under  ft 
heavy  fire  from  Indians  and  other  troops.  Gen.  Sheaffe 
commanded  in  person.  He  had  collected  his  whole  force 
in  the  woods  near  the  point  where  the  wind  compelled  oar 


190 


mSTOmT  OF  THK  WAlt. 


full 


!  ^  I 


il 


\l 


^  }''' 


troops  to  land.  His  force  consisted  of  700  regulars  and 
militia,  and  100  Indians.  Major  Forsyth  was  snpportcd  n% 
promptly  as  possible ;  but  the  contest  was  sharp  and  severe 
fbr  nearly  half  an  hour,  and  the  enemy  were  i*epiilNed  by  a 
number  far  inferior  to  theirs.  As  soon  ok  Gen.  Pike  laiuU 
ed  with  7  or  800  men,  and  the  remainder  of  the  troops 
-were  pushing  for  the  shore,  the  enemy  retreated  to  thi;ir 
works.  Our  troops  were  now  formed  on  the  cf  round  ori. 
ginaily  intended  for  their  landing,  advanced  through  a 
thick  wood,  and  after  carrying  one  battery  by  assault,  were 
moving  on  in  columns  towards  the  main  work  ;  when  in 
sixty  rods  of  this,  a  tremendous  explosion  took  place  from  a 
magazine  previously  prepared,  and  which  threw  out  such 
immense  quantities  of  stone  as  most  seriously  to  injure  our 
troops.  1  have  not  yet  been  able  to  collect  the  returns  of 
the  killed  and  wounded ;  but  our  loss  will,  I  fear,  exceed 
100 ;  and  amog§  these  I  have  to  lament  the  loss  of  that 
brave  and  excim6t  officer  Brig.  General  Pik«,  who  receiv> 
ed  8  contusion  Tbom  a  large  stone,  which  terminatiKl  his 
valuable  life  within  a  few  hours.  His  loss  will  be  severely 
felt. 

Previously  to  this  explosion  the  enemy  had  retired  into 
the  town,  excepting  a  party  of  regulars,  to  the  number  of 
40,  who  did  not  escape  the  effects  of  the  shock,  and  were 
destroyed. 

General  Sheaffe  moved  off 'vjth  the  regular  troops,  and 
left  directions  with  the  commanding  ofhcer  of  the  mil.tia  to 
make  the  best  terms  he  could.  In  the  meaii  time  all  further 
resistance  on  the  part  of  the  enemy  ceased,  and  the  outlines 
of  a  capitulation  were  agreed  upon. 

As  soon  as  I  learned  that  Gen.  Pike  had  been  wounded, 
I  went  on  shore.  To  the  Gen.  I  had  been  induced  to  con- 
fide the  immediate  attack,  from  a  knowledge  that  it  was 
his  wish,  and  that  he  would  have  felt  mor^tied  had  it  not 
been  given  to  him. 

Every  movement  was  under  my  view.  The  troops  be- 
haved with  great  firmness,  and  deservemiich  applause, par- 
ticularly those  first  engaged,  and  under  circumslauces 
which  would  have  tried  the  steadiness  of  veterans. 
'  Notwithstanding  the  enemy's  advantage  in  position  and 
numbers  in  the  commencement  of  action,  their  loss  was 
greater  than  ours,  especially  in  ofiicers.    It  was  with  great 


HISTORY  OF  TBX  WAE. 


m 


exertion  that  tliettmall  vessels  of  ihe  fleet  could  work  inio 
the  harbor  against  a  gaic  of  wind,  but  as  soon  as  they  got 
into  a  proper  position,  a  tremendous  cannonade  opened 
upon  the  enemy's  batteries,  and  was  kept  up  against  them, 
until  thev  were  carried  or  blown  up,  and  had,  no  doid)t,  a 
puwerfui  effect  upon  the  enemy. 

\Vc  have  nut  the  means  of  transporting  the  prisoners  and 
must  of  course  leave  them  on  parole. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

HENRY  DEARBORN. 


■.4J 


Cotn.  Cftauncei/ to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navtf. 
U.  S.  Ship  Madison,  off  York,  April  28,  1813. 

SIR — A;j>:reeubly  to  your  instructions  and  arrangements 
made  with  Major-Cien.  Dearborn,  I  took  on  board  of  the 
iiquadron  under  uiy  command  the  Gen.  and  suite,  and 
about  1 700  troop,  and  left  Sackett's  Harbor  on  the  2dth  inst. 
for  this  place.  We  arrived  here  yesterday  morning  and 
took  a  position  about  one  mile  to  the  south  and  westward 
of  the  enemy's  principal  fort,  and  as  near  the  shore  as  we 
eouid  with  safety  to  the  vessels.  The  place  fixed  upon  by 
the  IVfajor  Gen.  and  myself  for  landing  the  troops,  was  the 
scite  of  the  old  French  fort  Tarento. 

Tlie  debarkation  commenced  about  8  o*cl6ck,  A*  iVf. 
anil  was  completed  about  10.  The  wind  blowing  heavy 
from  the  eastward,  the  boats  fell  to  leeward  of  the  position 
Hxed  upon,  and  were  in  consequence  exposed  to  a  galling 
iire  from  the  enemy,  who  had  taken  a  position  in  a  thick 
wood  near  where  the  first  troops  landed ;  however,  the 
cool  intrepidity  of  the  ofiicers  and  men  overcame  every  ob* 
stacle.  Their  attack  upon  the  enemy  was  so  vigorous,  that 
he  fled  in  every  direction,  leaving|k  great  many  of  his  killed 
and  wounded  upon  the  field.  As  soon  as  the  troops  wert 
landed,  I  directed  the  schooners  to  take  a  position  near  the 
forts,  in  order  that  the  attack  on  them  by  the  army  ani  na- 
vy might  be  simultaneous.  The  schooners  were  obliged  to 
beat  up  to  their  position,  which  they  did  in  a  very  handsome 
order,  under  a  very  lieavy  fire  from  the  enemy's  batteries, 
and  took  a  position  within  about  GOO  yards  of  their  princi- 
pal fort,  and  opened  a  heavy  cannonade  upon  the  enemy 
which  did  great  execution,  and  very  much  contributed  to 
their  final  destruction.     The  troops,  as  soon  as   landed. 


\  ■ 


'V. 


>\/\ 


.Sr   .if-'n}   i-/ 


102 


niSTOnT  OF  THE  WAR. 


il 


\M 


% 


;ii 


i^^fiifi! 


![ 


I  'I     I 


:,      1 

i            i                 1 

'      i   ■ 

!                 '.      ii 

'       1    !^ 

i  ^     1    ^"' 

'11       ' 

all 

were  formed  under  the  immediate  orders  of  Brig;.  General 
Pike,  wtioled  in  n  moAt  (gallant  manner  the  attack  upon  the 
fortfi,  and  at\er  havin^^  carried  two  redoublx  in  their  a|). 

i>roach  to  the  principal  work,  (the  enemy  having  previous- 
y  laid  a  train)  blew  up  his  ma^a/jne,  which  in  its  effects 
upon  our  troops  was  dreadful,  having  killed  and  wounded 
&  great  many,  and  amongst  the  former,  the  ever  tu  be  la» 
mented  Brig.  General  Pike,  who  fell  at  the  head  »f  his 
co'unm  by  a  contusion  received  by  a  heavy  stotic  from  the 
ma<j;azine.  His  death  at  this  time  is  much  to  he  regretted, 
as  he  hud  the  perfect  confidence  of  the  Major-Geiieral ;  and 
his  known  activity,  zeal,  and  experience,  makes  his  loss  t 
national  one. 

In  consequence  of  the  fall  of  Gen.  Pike,  the  command  of 
the  troops  devolved  for  a  time  upon  Col.  Pierce,  who  soon 
after  took  possession  of  the  town.  At  about  2,  P.  M.  the 
American  flag  was  substituted  for  the  British,  and  at  aboot 
four,  our  troops  were  in  quiet  possession  of  the  town.  As 
soon  as  Gen.  Dearborn  learnt  the  situation  of  Gen.  Pike, 
he  landed  and  assumed  the  command.  I  have  the  honor 
of  enclosing  a  copy  of  the  capitulation  which  was  entered 
into,  and  approved  by  Gen.  bearborn  and  myself. 

The  enemy  set  fire  to  some  of  his  principal  stores,  con- 
taining large  quantities  of  naval  and  military  stores,  as  well 
M  a  large  ship  upon  the  stocks  nearly  finished — the  only 
vessel  found  here  is  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  undcrguuig 
repairs — the  prince  regent  left  here  on  the  24th  for  Kings- 
ton. We  have  not  yet  had  a  return  made  of  the  naval  and 
military  stores,  consequently  can  form  no  correct  idea  oi  the 
quantity,  but  have  made  arrangements  to  have  all  taken 
on  board  that  we  can  receive — the  rest  will  be  destroyed. 

I  have  to  regret  the  death  of  midshipmen  Thompson  and 
Ratfield,  and  several  seamen  killed — the  f  xact  number  I 
do  not  know,  as  the  returns  from  the  different  vessels  have 
not  yet  been  received. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &r. 

ISAAC  CHAUNCEY. 

TERMS  OF  CAPITULATION, 

Entered  into  on  the  27th  of  April,  181.3,  for  the  surrender 
of  the  town  of  York,  in  Upper  Canada,  to  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  Unued  States,  under  t'e  co'.nmand  of  Major* 
Gen.  Dearborn  and  Commodore  Cimuucey. 


1II8TORT  OF  TBS  VTAM, 


loa 


That  the  troops,  regular  and  militia,  at  this  fiost,  ami  the 
QRvai  officers  and  seamen,  shall  be  surrendered  prtsoi^era 
oi  war  The  troops,  regular  and  militia,  are  to  ground 
Ibcir  arms  immediately  on  parole,  and  the  naval  officers 
aiiti  Neamen  be  immediately  NUrrendered. 

That  all  public  stores,  naval  and  military  shall  be  imme- 
diately given  up  to  the  commanding  officers  of  the  army 
iiml  navy  of  the  U.  Stales.";— That  all  private  jtroperty 
vliitll  be  guaranteed  to  the  citizens  of  the  town  of  York. 

Tliat  ail  papers  belonging  to  the  civil  officers  ahull  lie  re- 
tained bv  them — that  such  Kurgcons  an  may  be  procured  to 
Httend  tlie  wounded  of  the  British  regu  ars  aud  Canadian 
militia  shall  not  be  considered  prisoners  of  war. 

That  I  Lieut.  Col.  1  Major,  13  Cauls,  0  Lieuts.  11  £ti. 
iMgns,  i  Q^uarter- master,  1  deputy  Adjutant-General,  19 
serjeanls,  4  corporals,  and  204  rank  and  tilc'^  of  the  militia. 
Ot'tiiefield  train  department  1,  of  the  provincial  navy  21, 
of  his  majesty *s  troops  3,  and  of  the  royal  artillery  1  bom- 
bardier and  0  gunners,  shall  be  surrendered  as  prisoners  of 
war,  and  accounted  for  in  the  exchange  of  prisoners  be- 
tween the  LT.  Stales  and  G  Britain. 
G.15.  MITCHELL,  Lt.  Col.  3d  A.  tJ.  S. 
SAMUEL  S.  CONNER,  Maj.  and  AD.  C.  to 

Maj.  Gen.  De  irborn* 
WILLIAM  KING,  Maj.  U.  S.  Inlantry. 
JESSE  D.  ELLIOT,  Lieut.  U.  S.  Navy. 
W.  CHEVVITT,  Lt.  Col.  com.  3d  Reg  Y.  militia. 
W.  ALLAN,  Maj.  dd  Reg.  York  militia. 
F.  GAURREAU,  Lieut.  M.  Dpi.  ^»  ^  >. 

Gen.  Dearborn  to  the  Secretary  of  War* 

Niagara,  May  3, 1813. 

[ExlracL']  York  was  one  immense  niajjazine,  whieli  sup- 
plied Niagara,  Detroit,  and  fort  George.  The  troops 
were  halted  a  few  moments  to  bring  up  the  heavy  artdlery 
to  play  on  the  block  house,  when  Gen.  Sheaife  despairing  of 
holding  the  town,  ordered  iire  to  be  put  to  the  principal 
magazine,  in  which  was  deposited  5(X)  l>arrels  of  powder^ 
and  un  immense  quantity  of  shells  and  shot.  The  explo- 
sion was  tremendous,  aitd  raked  our  column  from  front  to 
rear  with  such  efiect  that  it  killed  62,  and  wounded  180  oC 
our  men,  among  the  latter  was  brig.  Gen.  Pike,  who  died 


hi 


ii 


h 


;    t 


m\ 


'  n ' 


id 


'l! 


104 


HIKTORY  or  TBB  WAR. 


of  hit  wouiulf)  ibortly  aAtr.  NotwithNtQiiding  this  cnlainl- 
\y,  nntl  ihe  tli»coiiifilure  that  mii^hi  be  expecWd  to  follow  it, 
i/te  irttoptffave  thro:  cheera^  intlanUtf  Jormedt  and  marchfd 
OH  for  ihe  town,  Nuiwilhulandiiig^  the  inimenHO  tiinoiint 
ilestroyed  by  them,  we  found  more  nubhc  property  th»n 
our  vesAclR  could  bring  away.  Gen.  SheaflTc^s  baggage  and 
paperH  fell  into  oiy  haudN  ;  they  are  a  valuable  acquisition. 
A  SCALP  wnN  louiid  in  the  Execulite  and  legislative 
Couucil  Chamijt;r,  suspended  near  the  Speaker's  chair.  A 
slalemetit  ol'uur  lohs,  as  well  as  that  of  the  enemy  is  sub- 
joined. 

AMERICAN  LOSS. 

Killed  in  battle  14— do.  by  the  explosion  62. 
Wounded  in  battle  2^1 — do.  by  the  explosion  180. 

BRITISH  LOSS. 

..      Killed  in  battle  To — do.  by  their  explosion  40. 
^(     Wounded  in  battle  02 — do.  by  their  explosion  23. 
.n    Prisoners,  militia  700 — do.  regulars  dO. 

-34|.        ;    Oen.  Winchester  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Fort  Getngey  Upper  Canada,  Feb.  11,  1813. 

^\}^ — On  the2dd  ultimo,  I  had  the  honor  of  communi- 
cating to  your  excellency  the  result  of  the  action  at  French- 
town  on  tlie  river  Raisin,  of  tlie  preceding  day.  I  have 
it  now  in  my  power  to  transmit  to  yon  a  more  detailed  ac- 
count of  that  transaction,  together  with  a  more  minute 
statement  of  our  loss.  A  list  of  the  killed,  and  wounded, 
and  missing,  is  herewith  enclosed.  The  attack  upon  our 
camp  was  commenced  about  0  o*clock  in  the  morning,  hy 
a  heavy  tire  of  small  arms  together  with  the  discharge  of  (> 
pieces  of  artillery,  directed  immediately  at  our  lines,  and 
the  houses  and  temporary  breast-work,  from  behind  which  a 
portion  of  our  troops  were  engaged  with  the  enemy.  Ear- 
ly in  the  action  a  charge  was  made  by  the  assailants  ;  but 
the  tire  from  our  lines  w:is  so  intense  that  they  were  quickly 
Compelled  to  retire. 

In  this  charge  the  4 1st  regiment  of  British  regulars  prin- 
cipally suft'ert  d,  their  loss  during  the  charge  and  in  th« 
g(4>8equeiit  engagement,  being  very  considerable.  Out  of 
three  huiui red  uf  these  troops  about  30  fell  dead  upon  the 
field,  and  90  or  100  wounded  were  removed  from  the 
ground,        ,  „ 


HISTORY  or  TIIS  WAS. 


19ft 


It  it  iinpotnilile  lo  stale  with  any  deforce  of  accnrncy 
the  number  of  Ciiiiadiaii  iitilitta  anil  Indians  wliieh  wero 
killed  or  wuuiuted  during  the  en^geuienl ;  it  could,  liovr- 
f>ver,  not  have  l>eeii  small,  having  received  for  ihrM  or  four 
lioui « the  coiiNlanl  fire  of  the  inutkelry  and  riflemen,  from 
tlie  breastwork  under  which  they  were  formed.  The  ac* 
tioii  had  endured  nlioul  u  quarter  of  an  hour,  ^^  hen  the  right 
division  of  our  lruo|>N,  who  were  leMst  secured  by  a  breast- 
work, and  exjioiic'd  to  a  heavy  tire  from  a  body  of  Indians 
and  militiu,  who  had  pOMsessed  themselves  of  some  out- 
liouMCs  within  tlieir  reach,  were  obliged  to  retreat  froui  their 
lilies  in  the  encam|inieiit,  for  the  purpose  of  occupying 
ground  less  ex|)esed.  This  retreat  being  discovered[  l>|; 
the  enemy,  the  whole  Indian  force,  together  with  a  portion 
ol  llie  militia,  bore  down  u(K>n  them  with  redoubled  vio- 
\e\\c*'t  and  prevented,  by  their  su)ieriority  of  numliers  and 
the  severity  of  their  (ire,  the  practicability  of  ever  n^ain 
forming  this  portion  of  our  troops  in  order  of  battle.  It 
was  from  this  division  that  oui^  principal  loss  was  sustained, 
few  indeed  having  escaped.  Every  eflort  in  vain  was  em- 
ployed to  form  them  in  some  order  of  action,  as  affording 
the  only  means  of  either  repelling  the  pursuers,  or  regain- 
ing the  temporary  breast-work  from  behind  which  the  re-^ 
roaining  part  of  our  troops  still  gallantly  defended  them- 
selves; but  every  exertion  was  in  vain  employed,  and  the 
very  few  who  survived  of  the  party  surrendered  as  prison* 
ers  to  the  enemy. 

Our  loss  in  this  action  will  be  ascertained  by  the  list 
herewith  enclosed.  Among  the  killsd,  I  have  to  lament 
several  brave  .and  valuable  officers,  some  of  whom  had 
distinguished  themselves  in  the  action  o(  the  evening  of  tha 
18th,  and  fell  on  the  22d,  while  unavailingly  engaged  in 
rallying  the  troops,  who  retreated  in  disorder  from  the  lin^i. 
Among  those,  the  loss  of  Col.  John  Allen,  and  Major  C 
M'Crannahan,  is  to  be  particularly  regretted,  as  also  Capt. 
John  H.  Woolfolk,  one  of  my  aids-de-camp;  their  exisr^ 
tisns  were  unsuccessful,  notwithstanding  every  posanfM 
exertion  was  employed ;  they  bravely  fell  in  dischargis  of 
their  respective  duties.  While  I  regret  the  fate  of  those 
who  bravely  fell  upon  this  occasion,  I  should  do  injustice 
to  pass  over,  without  notice,  the  few  partakers  in  their  dan* 
ger,  who  were  fortunate  lo  ^iinive  the»,    To  JLieut,  Gq\, 


'     * 


,  I! 


.1. 


;f     -    ♦ 


u 


I  ! 

■ 

i  ii    ■ 

'  '1  "  '  ^' 

i           , ' 

1 

V    *:■■ 


ita 


HISTOkY  or  THE  WAK. 


WilliMn  Lewifly  who  commanded  on  the  18th,  and  tnCnpt. 
John  Overton,  my  aid-de-camp,  who  attended  mv  perwn 
on  the  field,  my  thank*  are  particularly  due,  for  ihHr 
prompt  and  willing  exertion,  dnrintif  every  period  ot  (hi 
conflict.  To  the  otiirer«  and  noldicrN  who  hravely  ninin. 
taiiied  their  ground  in  the  temporary  fortificationn.  too 
much  praise  cannot  be  bentowed.  Assailed  by  nnmhfnt, 
greatly  superior,  supported  by  six  pieces  of  nrtdtrry,  the^ 
gallantly  defended  lhem>wlves  with  their  small  arms  nione, 
lor  near  four  hours  of  constant  battle.  No  troops  ever  lie. 
haved  with  more  cool  and  determined  bravery  ;  from  the 
conimunduig  officer  down  to  the  private  soldier,  there  witt 
scarce  a  single  abandonment  of  duty ;  iind  at  the  last  wlien 
their  ammunition  was  nearly  exhauste<i,  and  Nurroui)d«<l 
by  the  enemy,  greatly  superior  in  numi^er  and  the  meaiiN  ot 
war,  surrendered  with  a  reluctance  rarely  to  be  found  upon 
simdar  occasions.  The  officers  coumianding  in  the  hreaKt- 
work  (tetended  themselves  to  the  last,  with  great  giiillantry, 
and  merit  my  warmest  gratitude,  as  well  as  the  higliei^t 
jjjraise  of  their  country, 
i       With  sentiments  of  respect,  &c. 

J.  WINCHESTER. 


*h-i 


AMGBICAN  LOSS. 

SLilIed,  wounded,  and  missing  8Gii. 

BRITISH  LOSS. 

Killed  160— wounded  158.  -"»  ' 


MASSACRE  OF  GEN.  WINCHESTER'S  ARMY. 

\ThefoUmv\nfj  Narrative  of  tke  mansacre  at  Irenchtown, 

after  Gen.  IVinchester's  defeat,  wan  drawn  up  by  Lieut. 

Jbaker  of  the  ^  regt.  L.  iS.  Infantry. "] 

So  much  has  been  said  about  the  Indian  massacres  at 
FtencHtown  and  its  neighborhood,  that  something  circum- 
atuntiai  from  one  who  bad  an  opportunity  of  acquiring  in- 
formation on  the  subjert  may  not  be  unsicceptable  to  llie 
public.     I  theretore  submit  the  following  narrative. 

On  the  morning  of  the  22d  pf  January,  I  was  captured 
by  the  Indians  about  9  o'clock,  with  another  officer  and  about 
forty  men.  Closely  pursued  by  an  overwhelming  force  of 
Indians,  we  were  endeavoring  to  eftiBCt  our  esca|3e,  and 
liud  attained  tRe  d  stance  ot  about  three  miles  from  Freiich- 
towHy  when  an  oiier  ot'  quarter  was  made  us  by  an  liidiaii 


HISTORY  or  TttV  WiUl. 


19: 


(^wf,  MiUiy  ItHliun  chiefs  oiihorsebnck  b^itig^  in  oiirrea^, 
toiiiiihawkiiiif  Ihe  himlmott,  ind  withal  thi;  men  heinp; 
miicli  wenritfl  ivitli  ninningf  through  Ihi?  (tct'p  miow,  we 
cotirlmled  it  l>»il  to  accept  the  chieTii  i*rnpoiition.  Ac- 
cordingly We  atwrmlilcd  firoinid  him,  «hft  ;^avfi  up  th  ''^ixv 
remuiitini;  annit  Ihut  were  nidi  retained  in  the  flig;ht.  In  a 
few  minutes  the  'ndiuiiN  on  tuot  cnnieiip,and  notwUhntand- 
iiij^the  chief  appeared  solicitoust  to  nave,  niartMacred  about 
hulf  onr  numlier.  1  wqm  led  hack  towardti  the  river  alone 
the  road  we  had  retreated  ui.  l*he  dead  Ixitlies  of  my  ftT- 
low  comrades,  scained,  tomahawked,  and  stripped,  pre- 
sented a  most  horrid  spectacle  to  my  view.  I  wan  ui  length 
taken  to  a  fire  near  Cd.  Proctor,  where  I  remained  till  our 
army  capitulated,  and  marched  by  me  tuwards  Maiden. 
M»jor  Madison,*  as  be  was  marchmg;  past,  demanded  me 
of  the  British  officer  command ling^  the  piard,  as  an  Amer- 
ican officer ;  but  the  noble  Briton  replied  with  a  sneer, 
*  You  have  too  many  officers,*  and  ordered  the  column  to 
advance  which  had  made  a  partial  halt  I  was  taken  to 
Sandy  creek,  about  three  miles  off,  on  HulPs  road,  and 
there  kept  during  the  night  with  about  20  other  prisoners. 
iNext  moroing  my  master  led  me  in  charge  of  the  old  In- 
dian, and  with  the  exception  of  20  or  30,  all  the  Indians  in 
the  camp  went  back  towards  the  river  Raisin.  They  re- 
turned about  2  o*c  lock,  P.  M.  bringing  a  number  of  fresh 
scalps  and  about  30  prisoners,  many  oi'  whom  were  wound- 
ed, though  with  a  single  exception,  none  dangerously.  I 
was  told  by  the  prisoners  that  the  Indians  had  that  mornino^ 
returned  to  the  village,  and  massacred  Capt.  H*ckman  and 
a  great  many  others,  and  that  they  were  feai'ful  that  Maj. 
Graves  and  Capt.  Hart  were  of  the  number;  that  some  of 
the  wounded  had  been  scalped  alive  and  burned  in  the 
houses.  I  had  scarcely  been  told  these  things,  when  a  vol- 
unteer who  was  standing  by  my  side,  was  knocked  down,. 

«  Jfter  the  twrender  of  our  troops  to  the  Britiihj  at  the  river  Raisin^  the 
Indmnst  in  violation  of  the  articlee  of'eapiiulation,  crowded  among  them^ 
and  mere  plunderitig  their  property~~when  Ute  heroic  Madison  desired  Col. 
Proctor  to  keep  them  off;-^"  the  Indians  areferee  and  unmanageable,  (said 
Preetor)  it  canoot  k»e  done*  Madison  eooly  replied,  *  if  you  cannot  dis- 
perse tbem,  1  will.* — the  men  were  ordered  to  shouldtr  their  arms,  and 
Procior  fearing  thai  ^cliarge  bayonet'  would  foUow,mKed  his  snordf  aid 
ffv  Indiana  insianUy  witiuirew. 


Ui  . ■ 


108 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAi^. 


0^m 

J  1  M       f 


Mi 


!!•' 


ii  ■  i 


ti  b" 


scal|)e(],  and  afWrwards  toDialmwkcd.  Three  utbers  «vere 
successively  treated  in  Ibe  same  manner. 

Seven  days  afterwards,  I  was  sold  in  Detroit  to  some 
American  gentlemen,  and  the  next  day  sent  over  to  Sand- 
wich,  where  I  remained  nearly  three  weeks.  In  this  time 
I  hud  an  opportunity  of  making  enquiry  about  the  mussa- 
cres,  and  found  that  60  had  been  massacred  subsequent  to 
the  day  of  battle,  and  two  officers  the  day  on  which  the  bat. 
tie  was  fought,  after  tliey  had  surrendered.  Of  the  tit  st 
vfeve  Capl.  N.  G.  S.  Hart  of  Lexington,  Capt.  Paschal 
Hickman  of  Franklin,  John  H.  Wooliolk,  £sq.  ihe  Gen. 
eral's  Secretary  ;  and  of  the  latter  Capt.  Virgd  i\rCracketi 
of  Woodford,  and  Ensign  Levi  Wells,  son  of  Col.  Wells 
of  the  U.  S.  Infsuitry.  Judge  Woodward  has  ascer- 
lained  several  instances  of  great  barbarity  exercised 
on  our  prisoners,  which  will  appear  as  soon  as  that  truly 
philantropic  and  patriotic  gentleman  returns  to  his  own 
country. — Massacres  were  not  only  committed  onthe22d 
and  23d,  but  also  on  the  24th,  25th,  and  26lli,  and  even 
three  weeks  afterwards  fresh  scalps  were  brought  into 
Maiden. 

Should  this  relation  be  doubted,  many  living  witnesses 
of  high  standing  for  probity,  may  be  found  to  attest  them. 

lExpeditmi  against  the  Jndi^ns. — Major  Gen.  Samuel 
Hopkins,  on  the  11th  of  I«(ov.  1812,  marched  with  1000 
men  under  his  command,  from  fort  Harrison,  on  an  expe- 
dition to  the  prophet's  tovvu,  for  the  purpose  of  destroying 
tlieir  village,  provisions,  &c.  On  the  morning  of  the  IQth, 
a  detachment  of  300  men  destroyed  a  town,  and  a  great 
quantity  of  corn,  belonging  to  the  Winebago  tribe,  lying 
on  the  Poace  Passu  creek,  one  mile  from  the  Wabash,  and 
four  from  the  Prophet's  town.  On  the  20th,  21st,  and  22d. 
they  destroyed  the  Prophet's  town  and  a  Kickapoo  village, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  consisting  of  upwards  of 
20O  houses,  a  considerable  quaiitity  of  corn,  &c. 

On  the  21st  a  large  body  of  Lidians  were  discovered 
above  seven  miles  from  the  town,  by  a  small  party,  who  the 
Indians  tired  on,  and  killed  one  man;  the  next  day  Lieut. 
Cols.  Miller,  and  Wilcox,  anxious  to  bury  their  comrade, 
as  well  as  gain  a  more  complete  knowletl;je  of  their  situa- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


ifm 


uon  and  strcnn^lhi  set  out  wilh  party  of  horsemen,  consist- 
ing uf  uboiit  sixty  ;  the  Indians  had  placed  themselves 
in  A  Klroii!<;  place,  on  a  ridge  of  Uuid,  running  between 
two  large  and  rapui  creeks,  which  could  not  be  ascended 
only  by  a  steep  ravine — our  party  returned,  after  a  smart 
skirmish,  in  which  we  lost,  in  killed,  wounded,  and  missmg, 
IH  men.  Ou  the  24th,  the  main  body  of  the  army  started 
ftir  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  enemy  in  their  strong  hold ; 
but  when  arrived  at  the  spot  they  found  they  bad  fled, 
pivviouM  to  the  storm  of  snow,  which  fell  very  deep,  on  the 
■i;kl  which  prevented  any  further  pursuit. 

hriff.  Gen.  Smyth,  in  November,  1812,  issued  several 
addresses  to  the  inhabitants  on  the  frontiers,  for  the  purpose; 
of  raising  volunteers  to  cross  into  Canada,  opposite  Niagara. 
Including  the  regular  anuy  under  his  command,  and  the 
volunteers  that  repaired  to  his  camp,  he  had,  on  the  27th 
Nov.  4000  men.  Two  parties  were  sent  across  the  river  to 
destroy  a  bridge  below  fort  Erie,  and  capture  and  spike 
tlie  caimon  in  the  batteries,  and  some  pieces  of  light  artillery.  \ 
AAer  accomplishing  their  object,  the  parties  separated  by 
luisapprehension  ;  Lieut  Angus,  the  seamen,  and  a  part  of 
the  troops  returned  with  all  the  boats,  while  Capts.  King, 
Morgan,  Sproul,  and  Houston,  with  about  (K)  men,  remain- 
ed. The  party  thus  reduced,  took  and  rendered  unservice- 
able two  of  the  enemy *s  batteries,  captured  04  prisoners, 
and  2  boats,  in  which  Capl.  King  sent  his  prisoners,  his 
own  officers,  and  half  of  his  men  across,  remaining  himself 
with  30  men,  refusing  to  abandon  them.  . 

On  the  dOth  Nov.  Gen.  Smyth  again  attempted  to  cross, 
wilh  3000  men,  but  by  some  misunderstanding  only  a  few 
would,  or  could  be  made  to  embark.  The  killed  in  both 
these  attempts  amounted  to  about  20 — the  wounded  30 — • 
and  prisoners  31.  The  enemy  lost  10  killed — 17  wounded, 
and  34  prisoners,  besides  an  Indian  chief. 


'In*j 


Wi 


v;« 


Capt  Forsylhy  commandant  at  Ogdensburg,  crossed^ 
(tv«r  to  Elizabethtown  on  the  7lh  of  Feb.  1813,  with  about 
'200  volunteers  from  the  militia  and  citizens,  where  they 
surprised  the  guard,  took  42  prisoners,  with  1  Maj.  3  Capts. . 
I^Lieuls.  and  120  umskets,  20  rifles,  two  casks  of  fixed' 
ammunition,  and  considerable  other  public  property,  which  ' 
waseft'ected  without  the  loss  of  a  man. 


% 


M  y 


V 


¥. 


I  i( 


4 


^oa 


HISTORY   or  THE  WAR. 


'^  -?:^pn:o*>   ,*'*}m')i-'«f' 


ir 


'''■■■  }1:^  l»f»r?  ftn; 


is 

'     ;     t 

1 

I 

j 

i 

ii  I  i  ■;   BE   i 


W: 


r- 


i  ■ 


i 


'i 


'I    I.  •, 


CHAPTER  Vin. 


iq 


Cr«i.  Harrison  to  the  Secretary  of  H  ar. 
^i'  Lower  Sandusky,  May  \d,\%\%. 

[Extract,^  '  SIR — Having  asce  'taiiied  that  the  eiienij 
(In<liaii»  as  well  as  British)  had  enlirel)'  abantioiu  d  the 
neighborhood  of  the  Rapids,  I  left  the  connnaiid  of  caiup 
Meigs  with  Gen.  Ciay  and  came  here  last  night.  It  is  vv.th 
the  greatest  satistaclion,  I  inform  )foii,  sir,  that  I  have  every 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  loss  of  the  Kentucky  troops  m 
killed  on  the  north  side  of  llie  river  does  noi  exceed  fifty. 
On  the  lOlh  and  llth  inst.  I  caused  the  ground  which  wag 
the  scene  of  action,  and  its  environs,  to  be  c.irefully  exam- 
ined, and  after  the  most  diligent  search  45  bodies  only  of 
our  men,  were  discovered — among  them  was  the  leader  of 
the  detachment,  Col.  Dudley,  No  other  officer  of  note  fell 
in  the  action.  Gen.  Proctor  did  not  furnish  rae  with  a  re- 
turn cif  the  prisoners  in  his  possesion,  although  repeatedly 
promised.  His  retreat  was  as  precipitate  as  it  could  pro- 
perly be,  leavipg  a  number  of  cannon  ball,  a  new  elegant 
sling-carriage  for  cannon,  and  other  valuable  articles.  The 
night  before  his  departure  two  persons  thait  were  employ- 
ed in  the  British  gun-boats  (Americans  by  birth)  deserted 
t6  us.  The  iiiforqiation  they  gave  me  was  very  interesting; 
they  say  that  the  Indians,  of  which  there  were  from  160U  to 
2060,  left  the  British  the  day  before  their  departure  in  a 
high  stale  of  dissatisfaction,  from  the  great  loss  which  they 
had  sustained  in  the  several  engagements  of  the  5th,  aiid 
the  failure  of  the  Bi'itish  in  accomplishing  their  promise  of 
taking  the  post  at  the  Uapids.  From  the  account  given  by 
these  men,  m>  opinion  is  comfiimed  of  the  great  su|  enority 
of  the  enemy  which  were  deieated  by  our  troops  in  the  two 
sallies  made  on  the  5th  inst.  That  led  by  Col.  Miller  did 
not  exceed  350  men,  and  it  is  very  certain  that  they  defeat- 
ed 200  British  regulars,  150  militia,  and  4  or  500  Inilinns. 
That  American  regulars  (althongh  tliey  were  raw  recruits) 
and  such  men  as  compose  the  Pittsburg,  Penn.  and  Pclcrii- 
burg,  Va.  volunteers,  should  behave  well,  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered at— but  that  a  company  of  militiu  siiould  maintain  its 


'\  .»;  t-^ 


rJ;.. 


;/   U  ^j  •  ii 


msTomT  <nr  rnt  wau. 


soi 


jrronnd  a^infit  four  i\me%  its  numbers,  as  diil  Cnpt.  Sebres, 
of  the  Keiitiickv  'n  truly  astonishing'.  Thetie  brave  fellbwt 
were  at  lengtii  •.  ir ever  entirely  8urroi|ntled  by  Indiaiii,  ftiid 
iviinid  have  bce^i  entirely  cut  off,  but  tor  the  gallantry  of 
liieiit.  G Wynne  o1  the  I9th  rtgiment,  who,  with  part  of 
Ca;>t,£iliolf  8  company, charged  the  enemy  and  releatied 
the  Kentuckians. 

A  copy  of  Gen.  Clay's  re()ort  td  tde  of  the  manner  of  his 
evecuttng  my  ord^r  ior  the  attack  on  the  enemies  baltenes, 
is  likewrse  forwarded,  by  which  il  will  be  seen  that  mv  id- 
trillion  was  pet*fectly  understood,  and  the  great  faciiity 
with  winch  it  mitJ^ht  hiive  been  executed  is  apparent  to  ^y» 
ery  individual  who  witnesAed  the  sctine.  Indeed,  the  can- 
non might  have  been  spiked,  the  carriages  cut  to  pieces, 
the  magazine  destrdy^d,  and  the  retreat  effected  to  the 
boats  without  the  loss  of  a  man,  as  none  wiere  killed  m  ta<> 
king^  the  batteries,  so  complete  was  tfi^  surprize. 

An  extensive  open  plain  intervenes  between  the  riv^ir 
and  the  hill  upon  which  the  battelries  of  the  enemy  Were 
placed  ;  this  plain  was  raked  by  four  of  our  eighteen  poun- 
ders, a  twelve  and  a  six.  The  enemy,  even  before  theit 
ffuns  were  spiked,  could  not  have  brouglit  one  to  bear  on 
it.  So  pedectly  secured  was  their  retreat,  that  150  mea 
mHo  came  off,  effected  it  without  loss,  and  brought  off  some 
of  the  wounded,  one  of  them  upon  the  backs  of  their  com- 
rndes.  Tiie  Indians  followed  them'  to  the  woods,  but  da- 
red not  enter  into  the  plain. 

1  am  unable  to  form  a  correct  esthnate  of  the  enemy's 
force.  The  prisoners  varied  much  in  their  accounts ;  those 
whu  made  them  least,  stated  the  regulars  at  560,  and  mili- 
tia at  800;  but  the  numbers  of  Indians  were  beyond  cgm- 
parison  greater  thun  have  ever  been  brought  into  the  iield 
Itefore ;  numbers  arrived  after  the  siege  commenced,  and 
they  were  indeed  the  efficient  force  of  the  enemy. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be.  See, 

W.  H.  HARRISON. 

AMERICAN  LOSS. 

Killed  81— Wounded  189.  ^ 

'    British  loss  not  known.      :^'^'    ■''-''«;  ;> 

2«     UHjv!. 


'iii 


■1   .c^.;. 


Ui. 


ir< 


ij/.:i 


-J 


>V:  n 


9pe 


HISTORY  OJr  TULB  WAR. 


if!' 


'     A'  '' 


I  ) 


111 


t 

it     i- 

!  i 


f. 


M 


Tkefottownig  convei'salion  tsok  place  between  MaJ.  ihutti^ 
^   b«r»  and  iifn.^iarriMm,ott  a  demand /or  tfte  surrender 

'\^^  MV'  ^l^omberi — Gen.  Proctor  has  directed  me  to  de- 
mand tiie  (HM-rendcT  of  this  post. ,  He  wislies  to  spare  the 
efl'usioti  of  bloba. 

Gen,  Harrison — The  demand,  under  present  circum- 
stances,  is  a  most, extraordinary  one.  As  Gen.  Proctor  did 
not  send  me  a  tuQiroons  to  surrender  on  hjt>  first  arrival,  I 
liad  supposed  tiiat  he  l^iieved  nie  determined  to  du  luy 
duty.  His  pre^^nt  message,  indicates  an  (pinion  of  qk 
that  I  am  at  a  loss  to  aecouul  for. 

MaJ.  C7<£r»i|^ifn^-—(jren.  Proctor  ceipld  never  think  of  say. 
ing^  any  thing;  to  w^qund  your  feelings,,  sir.— The  character 
ofGen.  Hi^rrisoiiy  j\9  an.  officer,  is  well  known.  I'Cn.  Pruc- 
tor's  force  is  very  reswectabie,  and  there  is  with  him  a  larger 
l&ody  of  Indians  thalltave  ever  before  been  embodied. 

Cren.//armoi?|— -I  believelhave  a  very  correct  idea  of 
Gen.  Proctor's  fpvee^  it  is  ho|  st;M|h  o^  to  create  the  l,ea»t  ap. 
prehension,  for  thp  resqJt  of  the  contest,  whatever  shape  he 
ihay  be  pleased  hereufter  to  gijve  Iq  it.  Assure  the  Gen. 
however,  that  h^  jwili  never  have  tl^js  post  surrendered  l) 
tiiViX  ^p(^^  .^ny  teriJ^s.,  ^hould  it  fail  into  his  hands,  it  will 
be  in  a  manner  falculated  to  do  hin^  more  honors  and  to 
cive^him  larger  ciifitc^S!  ppon  Uie  gratitude  of  his  government 
than  any  cupilulutiqn  cpt^ld  possibly  do.. 

iVmsoB  4  <?APTUJ(^E  OF  FORT  GEORGE.  J*  t^  I 
wu  .   i    Qen.  pmrburu  to  the  ^Secretary  of  War. 
:';;.,     H-XI.  FortGeor<fe(a.  C)  May21,\^\^. 

tf!jfltract'\  SiR— The  light  troops  under  the  command 
]7oi.  Scott  and  Major  Forsyth,  ianded  this  morning  at 
9_  o'clock.  Major  Gen.  Lewis's  division,  with  Col.  Porter's 
comnvand  of  light  artillery,  supported  by  them.  Gen. 
Bovd'sbriijade  landed  rmraediately  after  the  lig^ht  troops, 
and  G/Qns«  VYinder  and  Chandler  in  quick  succession.  1'he 
landing  was  warmly  and  obstinately  disputed  by  the  liri- 
tisti  forces  ;  but  the  coolness  and  nitrepidity  of  our  troop!) 
soon  compelled  them  to  give  way  in  every  direction.  Gen. 
Chandler,  with  the  reserve,  composed  of  his  brigade  and 
Col.  Macomb's  artillery  covered  the  whole;  Commodore 
Chauncey  had  made  the  most  judicious  arrangements  for  j 


HISTORY  OF  THK  WAR. 


20^ 


•iieiicing^  the  enemy's  batteries,  iu'»r  the  point  of  landing. 
Xhearmy  is  under  the  grtfuie^t  obli^j^aUous  to  tha^t  able  na- 
val commaiider  for  his  co-o|)erutiun   Ui   alt   its  important, 
inovementH,  and  especially  iu  its  operatioUM  ttiin  day.     Out; '  . 
batteries  succeeded  io  renderin|r  Fort  Georgfe  u'stenablis;! 
and  when  the  enemy  had  been  lieaten  from   his  misitions, 
m\  fonnd  it  necessary  to  re-enter  it,  afti^rflritig  a  i'eW  runs 
iindsettm^  fire  to  the  niiieazines,  ^diicb  Ho6n  exiiJoded,he 
inovedoif  rapidly  by   difj^rent   routes.     Our  iig;lit  troops 
mirsued  them  several  miles.    The  troops  having;  been  un- 
iier  arms  from  one  o'clock,  inthemorninjuf,  were  too  nuiph 
exhausted  for  any  ^rther  pnriuiit.     We  are  now  iu  posses- 
sion of  Fort  George  and  its  immediate  dctpondencio — to- 
morrow we  proceed  further  on.     The  behaviour  of  our 
trooi)s,  both  officers  and  m«n,  entitles  thcjii  to  the  h.ghestl 
praise ;  and  the  difference  in  our  loss  with  that  of  the  ene« 
niv,  when  we  consider  the  a^lvaiitages  his  positions  afforded' 
him,  is  astonishing.— Cot.  Meyers  of  the'JOth,  was  woif'nd-' 
ed and  taken  prisoner.     Of  ours,   otilv  one  commissioned! 
officer  was  killed — Lieut.  Hobart  of  tfie  lijjht  artillery. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c.  '* 

;:,=::=:,,,;:■•;,;.;, ^'XH.  dearborn.;.'^, 

Gen.  Dearborn  to  the  Secretary  of  War,    "''*•"*'* 
•^  ff.  Q.  Fort  Georaet  Mai/,  29, 1813.  "* 

'  [Extract.]  Lieut.  Col.  Preston  to  A  possession  of  fort 
Brie  and  its  dejiendeucies  last  evening  ;  the  post  had  been 
abandoned  and  the  magazine  blown  up,  '^'i 

I  have  ordered  Gen.  L«wis  to  return  without  delay  td- 
I  this  place,  and  if  the  winds  favor  us,  We  may  yet  cut  oif 
the  enemy's  retreat.  ' 

I  was  last  evening  honored  with  your  dispatch  of  the ; 
ilSth  inst.  I  have  taken  measures  in  relation  to  the  23  prir ' 
[soners,  who  are  to  be  put  in  close  confinement  ,^ 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c.  ' 

^  H.  DEARBORN.    ' 

'      '   " AMERICAN  X06S. 

Killed  39— wounded  1 1 1  —total  150.     ,  '?""*; "' "  !!", 
BRITISH  LOSS.  '  I  *«iifii«?»J«>  i 

lilled  108— wounded  103— Prisoners 02^— total  909,!' l 


liW^ 


a.;  «' 


ii  itt 


•«iU^>»»j    V 


fVt' 


f' 


il 


! 

'i 

1 

it 

1 

HlJ' 

d04 


HISTORY  09  TlUe  WIK. 


n^i 


\M\ 


m 


iiiH 


'I'l 


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n'4 


1l\ 
i  • 


'     *      '  ■■    ■  I 


^„      Gmn.  Chauncejf  to  the  Secrelarj/  of  the  Nuvy, 
''^        I  V,  a.  a.  haaisofi,  ojf' Niaffuraf  May,  '28, 1813. 

Sllft— Agreea^^le  to  arnnig^emen^  which  I  have  ulready 
had  ihe  honor  of  cl^^ilinf^  to  you,  I  l^fi  hackel^tt  Harbor  ou 
th«  22d  inst.  wilb  al^oiit  ^0  of  Col.  M*Conil/s  regiment  uu 
board-— the  winds  beit^g  light  froDi   the   westward,  1  (lid 
not  arrive  in  the  vicinitv  of  Niagara  before  the  25th;  tht 
other  |>arts  of  the  squacfron  had  arrived  several  dayu  before, 
and  landed  their,  troops.    The  Fair  American  and  Pert 
f  had  ordered  to  ^acket*s  Harbor,  foi;  the  purpo.se  of  walcli. 
in((  the  enemy*s  movements  at  Kingstun.     I  immediuiely 
hud  an  interview  with  Gen.  Dearborn,  for  the  pur|)oue  ot* 
in;)king  arrangements  to  attack  t^e  enemy  at)  soon  as  {tos- 
sibie,  and  it  wa»  agreed  (letweeu  hino^and  myself  to  make 
\\w  attack  the  moment  that  the  w,eatljer  was  such  as  to  aU 
low  the  vessels  and  boats  to  approach  the  shore  with  safet). 
On  the  26lh,  I  reconnoitred  the  position   for  landing  ihc 
troops,  and  at  mght  sounded  the  sho^e^  and  placed  hjuoys  lo 
spnnd  out  the  statioiis  for  the  small  vessels.     It  was  agreed 
between  the  General  and  myself  to  mi^ke  the  attack  the 
next  morning  (as  the  weather  had  moderated,  and  had  eve- 
ry appearance  of  beinff  favorable.)     I  took  on  board  of  the 
1(1  adison,  Oneida,  and  Lady  of  the  Lake,  all  the  heavy  ar- 
tillery, and  as  many  troops  as  could  be  stowed.    The  re- 
mainder were  to  embark  in  boats  and  follow  the  fleet.    At 
S  yesterday  morning  the  signal  was  made  for  the  fleet  lo 
vreigb,  and  the  troops  were  all  embarked  on  board  of  the 
boats  before  fou^,   and   soon  after  Gens.  Dearborn  and 
Lewis  came  on  board  of  the  ship  with  their  suites.     It  be- 
ing however  nearly  calm,  the  schooners   were  obliged  to 
sweei^)  into  their  positions.     Mr.  Tiant  in  Uie  Julia,  and 
Mr.  Mix  in  the  Growler,  I  directed  to  take  a   position  in 
the  mouth  oi  t;  e  river,  and  silence  a  battery  near  the  light 
h6u«ie,  which  from  its  position  commanded  the  shore  where 
the  troops  were  to  land.     Mr.  Stevens  in  the  Ontario,  was 
directed  to  lake  a  position  to  the  north  of  the  light  house, 
so  near  the  shore  as  to  enfilade  the  battery  and  cross  the  tire 
of  the  Julia  and  Growler.     Lieut.  Brown  in  the  Governor 
Tompkins,  I  directed  to  take  a  position  near  Two  Mile 
creek,  where  the  enemv  had  a  battery    with  a  heavy  gun. 
Lteut.  Pettigrew  in  theCotiqiiest,  was  directed  to  anchor  tu 
the  soatbeost  of  the  same  battery,  so  near  in  as  to  open  on  it 


HISTORY  or  THS  WAR.« 


S06 


in  the  rear,  and  cross  llie  fire  of  the  Gov.  Tompkint.  Lu 
.M'Phersoii  iu  Ihe  HaiuiUuii»  Lieut  SmiUi  m  Uie  Attp,  and 
31  r  Osgood  in  Uie  Bconrge,  were  directtMl  to  anchor  cIonc 
to  the  shore,  and  cover  the  landing  of  the  tr(to|>tf,  and  to 
scour  the  woodit  mid  plain  wherever  ihe  enemy  lumle  his 
appearance.  All  tltette  orderH  were  proaiiAly  and  gallant- 
ly executed.  All  the  vessels  anchored  Within  lunsktt  shot 
ot' the  shore,  and  in  ten  uiinnles  after  they  o|)ened  upon  the 
batteries,  they  were  completely  silenced  and  abandoned. 

Our  troops  then  advanced  in  three  brigades,  the  advance 
led  by  Cul.  Scott,  and  landed  near  the  fort,  which  had 
been  silenced  by  Lieut.  Brown.  The  enemy,  who  -  bad 
been  concealed  in  a  ravine,  now  advanced  in  great  force  to 
the  edge  of  the  bank  to  charge  our  troops.  The  schoon- 
ers opened  so  well  directed  and  tremendous  afire  of  grape 
and  canister,  that  the  enemy  soon  retreated  from  the  bank. 
Our  troops  formed  as  soon  as  they  landed,  and  immediately 
ascended  the  bank,  charged  and  routed  the  enemy  in  every 
direction,  the  schooners  keeping  up  a  constant  well  direct- 
ed fire  upon  him  in  his  retreat  towards  the  tawn.  Owing 
to  the  wind's  having  sprung  up  very  fresh  from  the  east- 
ward)  which,  caused  a  heavy  sea  directly  oti  slwre,  1  was 
not  enabled  to  get' the  boats  off  to  laiid  the  troops  from  the 
Madison  and  Oneida,  before  the  first  and  second  brigades 
had  advanced.  Capt.  Smith  with  the  marines,  landed  with 
Col.  M*Comb*s  regiment,  and  I  had  prepared  400  seamen, 
which  I  intended  to  land  with  myscif.  if  the  enemy  bad 
made  a  stand ;  but  our  troops  pursued  him  so  rapidly  in- 
to the  town  and  fort  George,  that  I  found  there  was  no 
necessity  for  more  force ;  moreover,  the  wind  had  increas- 
ed so  much  and  hove  such  a  sea  on  shore,  that  the  situa- 
tion of  the  fleet  had  become  dangerous  and  critical.  I 
tlierefure,  made  a  signal  for  the  fleet  to  weigh,  and  order- 
ed them  into  the  river,  where  they  anchored  immediately 
alter  the  enemy  bad  abandoned  fort  George.  The  tuwa 
and  forts  were  in  quiet  possession  of  our  troojis  at  12 
o'clock,  and  the  enemy  retired  in  a  direction  towards 
Q,neenstown.  ui  \f. 

Capt.  Perry  joined  me  from  Erie  on  the  evening  o(.  the 
25Mi,  and  very  gallantly  volunteered  his  services,  und  1  ha  vie 
much    pleasure  in  acknowledging  the  great  a^isisiauce 


li 


A   •    i 


'P\  ! 


i  M 


!  • 


^m 


v> 


f       'J 


i  t     .  !l 


Mil 


1 

ilS   ;    • 


;ii; 


U  i 


;[ 


r 


{ t     I 


1. 


106 


HrfirroRT  or  the  war. 


which  I  received  from  him.    We  lost  but  one  killed  and 
two  wounded,  and  no  injury  done  to  the  wenneln. 

ISAAC  CHAUNCEY. 

■*         Com,  Chauncey  to  the  Secretary  itfihe  Navy, 
V.  S.  Hbif»  MadiMun,  backet*9  Harbor,  June  4.  1813. 
SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  present  to  yon,  by  the  hand» 
of  Lieut.  Dudley,  the  BritiNli  staadard  taken  at  York,  on 
the  27th  of  April  last,  nccompanied  by  the  mace,  orer  which 
Aunffit  hmnan  SGALP.-^These  articles  were  taken  from 
the  Parliament  houne  hy  one  of  my  officers,  and  presented 
to  me.    The  scalp  I  caused  to  be  presented  to  Gen.  Dear, 
born,  who  I  believe  still  has  it  in  his  possession.    I  also 
send  by  the  same  gentleman,  one  of  the  firitiah  flag^iakea 
at  fort  George  on  the  27lh of  May^     <*.m  »»» rt?  vmti^-n 
.,,,.-..      I  gnye  the  honor  io  be,  &c.  *'>**- 

ISAAC  CHAUNGEY.'f> 


-.  .f , 


■I- 


i^i^^i. 


•  Lieut,  Chaunceyto  Com.  Chauncey.  •  ^■"■■'  "  ' 
Sackett's  Harbor,  June  18, 1813. 
SIR — ^According  to  your  orders  of  the  14th  inst.  I  pro- 
ceeded off  Presque  Isle  in  the  schooner  Lady  of  the  Lake. 
On  the  morning  of  the  16th  I  fell  in  with  and  captured  the 
English  schooner  Lady  Hurray,  from  Kingston  bound  to 
York,  loaded  with  provisions  and  ammunition. 

finclosed  is  a  list  of  one  ensign,  15  non-commissioned 
officers  and  privates  found  on  board,  with  6  men  attached 
to  the  vessel.  m  '^m^'-*  w  s*n^  ur^  x  m$im-^  »»> 

I  have  theiionor  tc  be,  &c. 

WOLCOTT  CHAUNCEY. 


■N«i: 


i*.  fi. 


'  Batik  at  forty  mile  Creek,  Upper  Canada. 

Gen  Vincent  having  taken  his  stand  at  forty  mile  Creek, 
«bout  33  miles  from  fort  George,  after  his  defeat  at  the  fort, 
Brig.  Gen.  Winder  was  sent  in  pursuit  of  him.  On  the  4th 
of  June,  Brig.  Gen.  Chandler,  with  another  detachment, 
was  sent  off  from  fort  George  to  reinforce  Gen.  Winder, 
jind  arrived  at  Head  Q,uarters  the  5th.  A  deserter  from 
the  American  cam|i  informed  Gen.  Vincent  of  the  situation 
of  the  army,  and  gave  him  the  countersign ;  in  five  min- 
iites  the  whole  English  army  were  in  motion,  and  at  two 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  Gth  entered  our  camp.    The 


HMTTORY  OF  TWM  WAtt. 


.1 


307 


iwt>  C^A\en\%t  Winder  and  Chandler,  iu  endeavoring  to 
form  llie  iruo|>8,  and  the  fteputy  qiiarter-i  lanter  General 
Va'^deventer.  were  surrounded  and  Itiken  |>rUoners.  Oar 
army  formed  immediately  and  attacked  tlie  enemy  at  the 
point  uf  the  bayonet,  which  soon  occasioned  a  (general 
route,  the  enemy  taking  off  his  prisoners^  and  leaving  Col. 
Clarke,  sixty  prisoners,  and  2d0  kiUe<l  in  our  hands.  Our 
loss  waft  17  killed,  38  wounded,  and  100  missing. 

ATTACK  ON  SACKETT'S  HARBOR. 

ifcn.  Brown  to  t/tc  iHecrelary  of  War. 

I  J,  Q.  SmcketCs  Harbor,  June  1, 1813* 
SIR — On  tlie2«>lh  ultimo,  1  received  a  letter  from  Gc'n. 
Dearborn,  requesting  me  to  repair  to  this  'post  for  the   pur- 

SDse  of  taking  command.  Knowing  that  Lieut.  Col. 
iackus,  an  officer  of  the  first  regiment  of  dragoons,  and 
of  experience,  was  here,  I  hesitated,  as  I  would  do  no  act 
which  might  wound  his  feelings.  In  the  night  of  the  2tflli 
I  received  a  note  from  this  officei,  by  Maj.  Swan,  deputy 
quarter- master  Gen.  joining  in  the  request  already  made 
by  Maj.  Gen.  Dearborn.  I  could  no  longer  hesitate,  and 
accordingly  arrived  at  this  past  early  in  the  morning  of  the 
28lh.  These  circumstances  will  explain  how  I  came  to 
be  in  command  upon  th's  occasion.  Knowing  well  the 
ground,  my  arraugeiuenti^  for  defence,  in  the  event  of  aa 
attack,  were  soon  niatle,    ..',...  «,.,,.,  ,,,i,  ■ ..  '^ 

In  tile  course  of  the  morning  of  tlie  28t)i,  Lieut.  Chaun- 
cey,  of  the  navy,  came  in  from  tlie  lake,  firing  gumi'^  of 
alarm.  Those  of  the  same  character,  intended  to  bring  in 
the  militia,  were  fired  from  the  post.  The  enemy *8  fleet 
soon  alter  appeared  accompained  by  a  large  njmber  of 
boats.  Believing  that  he  would  land  on  the  peninsula, 
commonly.cailed  Horse  Island,  I  determined  to  meet  hini 
at  the  water's  edge  with  such  mililia  as  1  could  collect,  and 
the  Albany  volunteers,  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  CoU 
Mills  ;  Lieut.  Col.  Backus,  with  the  regulars,  formed  a  se- 
cond line  ;  the  care  of  fort  Tompkins  was  committed  to 
the  regular  artillerists  and  some  volunteers^  and  that  of 
Navy  Point  to  Lieut.  Chauncey  of  the  navy.  If  driven 
from  my  position,  Lieut.  Col.  Backus  was  ordered  to  ad- 
vance and  meet  the  head  of  the  enemy's  column,  while 
rallying  my  corps.     I  was  to  fall  on  its  flanks,     [f  unable 


>  I  »*'<•*".  »■ 


4  3 'J 


208 


histhhy  or  rne  wa«. 


)  t 


ij...ij 


ber«»torefti»t  th«  eneiny*ftattarki  Lieut  Chaoncey  woi  ig 
Ihat  case  to  destroy  the  Mtoren,  Nic.  nnd  retire  to  the  south 
■hofe  of  the  buy,  east  of  Fort  Vitlaiileer,  while  I  proceed- 
ed to  occupy  thill  fort  as  our  dernier  resort. 

In  the  courne  of  the  27th  nnd  during  the  nights  of  lh« 
28th  and  2i>ih  ultima,  a  considerable  militia  force  came  in, 
and  were  ordered  to  the  water  side,  near  Horse  ishind,  on 
which  was  Lieut.  Col.  Mills  and  his  volunteers.  Oar 
strength  at  this  point  was  now  d()0  men — all  anxious  tor 
bullle»  as  far  as  profession  would  go.  The  moment  it  was 
light  enough  to  discover  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  we 
found  his  hhi|>s  in  line  between  Horse  Island  and  stony 
Point,  and  in  a  few  minntes  af\erwar(ls  33  large  bonis  filled 
with  troops,  came  oflTto  the  larger  Indian  o>*G;irden  Inland, 
under  cover  of  the  fire  of  his  gun  bouts.  My  orders  were, 
that  the  troops  should  lie  close,  and  reserve  their  fire  till 
the  enemy  had  approached  so  near  that  every  shot  might 
hit  its  object.  It  is,  however,  impossible  to  execnte  such 
orders  with  raw  troops,  unaccustomed  to  subordination. 
My  orders  were  in  this  case  disobeyed.  The  whole  line 
nred,  and  not  without  effect — but  in  the  moment  while  I 
was  contemftlating  this,  to  my  utter  astonishment,  they 
rose  from  ibeir  cover  and  fled.  Col.  Mills  fell  gallantly 
in  brave  but  vaiii  endeavors  to  stop  his  men.  I  was  person- 
ally more  fortunate.  Gathering  together  about  100  niiii. 
iia,  under  the  inimedinte  cummaod  of  Capt.  M'Nittuf  that 
corps,  we  threw  ourselves  on  the  rear  of  the  enemy *8  flank, 
and  I  trust,  did  some  execution.  It  was  during  this  last 
muvemetit  that  the  regulars  un^.  r  Co!.  Backus,  first  enira- 
ged  the  enemy — ;j'ur  was  it  long  before  they  defeated  him. 
, Hurrying  to  this  point  of  action,  I  found  the  battle  still 
raging,  but  with  obvious  advantage  on  our  side.  The  re- 
suit  of  this  action,  so  glorious  for  the  oflicers  and  soldiers 
of  the  regular  army,  has  already  been  communicated  m  my 
letter  of  the  20th.  Had  not  Gen.  Prevost  retreated  most 
rapidly  under  the  guns  of  his  vessels,  he  would  never  have 
returned  to  Kingston. 

The  enemy's  force  consisted  of  1000  picked  men,  led  by 
sir  George  Prevost  in  person.  Their  fleet  consisted  of  the 
new  ship  Wolf,  the  Hoynl  George,  the  Prince  Regent 
£arl  of  Moiraj  two  armed  schooners,  and  their  gun  and 
Otherboah».   "'^"  ^"^^'^  ^^^V"'^^*'' '  -  "'!■       .     ' 

JACOB  BROWN. 


aifTORY  or  rum  >r^m. 


M> 


AMKRIGAN  LOW. 

Killecl  81 — wounUetl  84 — mining  dO. 

HHiTisa  wm. 
Killed  99— wo«nii«d  ll2«^prifooena5.  {\ 

Oen.  Ltfvit  iotMe  Sucnianf  of  War.  .;  ^v 

8a(k«U't  Harbor,  July  20, 181B. 

[Exlraci\  81 R — Our  fleet  has  gone  out  of  tho  inn^r 
hirltor,  ami  appearaiicei  aro  in  favor  of  its  going  to  sea  in 
48  hours  at  farthest. 

A  Hltle  expedition  of  volunteers  from  the  country,  to 
which,  by  the  advice  of  Com.  Chauucey,  I  leut  4fO  soldiers, 
sailed  from  hence  three  days  since  on  board  of  two  small 
row  boatN,  with  a  six  pounder  each,  to  tlie  bead  of  the  St 
liswrence,  where  they  captured  a  Hne  gun  boat  mounting 
a  'it  flounder,  14  balleaux  loaded  with  ammunition,  4  ofii;p 
cers,  and  61  men.  Two  of  our  schooners  went  out  and 
convoyed  them  in.  'yriv^Mtx  ^ 


Oen.  Harriton  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 

H.  Q,  Senecat  August  6, 1813. 
I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  Major  Crogbairs  re- 
port of  the  attack  upon  fort  Stephenson^  which  has  this  mo< 
inent  come  to  hand.     With  great  respect,  &c. 
•iiiMJwft^Tfj-j'iriii'b;!  ti  oiiMk-^       W.  H.  HARRISON. 

>  rlMtf)<»(|  B    Major  Cro^han  to  Gem  Harrison. 

hvwer  Saiujbishif 9  August  6,  IS13, 
Dear  Sir-T-I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  tUattbfB  com- 
bined force  of  the  eiieioy»  Amounting  t^  ^t  least  500  regu- 
lars and  seven  or  eight  hundred  Indianii,  under  the  imme- 
diate comouind  of  Gen.  Proctor,  niade  }i»  appearance  be- 
fore Uiis  placcv  early  on  Sunday  evening  last,  and  as  soon 
as  the  Gen.  had  made  such  a  dinposition  of  \n%  troops  as 
would  cut  oft' my  retreat,  should  1  be  dispoise<jl  to  make  one, 
he  sent  Co*.  Elliot,  accompanied  by  Major  Chambfsrs,  with 
a  Bug',  to  demand  the  surrender  of  the  fort,  as  he  was  anx* 
ious  to  spare  the  eftusion  of  blood,  which  he  should  proba- 
bly not  have  in  his  power  to  do,  should  he  be  reduced  tp 
tJie  necessity  of  taking  the  place  by  storm.  My  answer  to 
the  summons  was,  that  I  was  determined  to  defend  thd 
\}h\ce.  to  the  last  extremity,  and  tl^t  no  force  howevef 


)i    . 


« 

'>.- 


M  ^^ 


,\''-f 


A; 


m\i 


O  Ji 


'>.u.i. 


9IU 


;i 


HfttTORY  Of  TUB  WAR. 


i, 


:r 


'i  I 


lar)^e,  should  induce  me  to  turrender  it.     So  ftonu  a»  tin 
flag  bad  returned,  •  brisk  fire  wm  opened  open  ns  fruni  ibt* 
gunbuatN  in  the  river  and  from  a  A  1-2  inch  howitzer  uti 
shore,  which  wai  kept  np  with  little  intermitMioti  throui^huut 
the  night.     At  un  early  hoor  the  next  niorninff,  three  sixes 
(which  had  been  piticed  during  the  ni{rhl  withm  2«50yan)k 
of  the  pickets)  bfq^n  to  play  opon  u«,  hut  with  iiltle  eft'ccl. 
About  4  o'clock  P.  M.  discovering^  lliat  the  fire  from  all 
his  gnnn  were  concentrated  agsiinst  the  north-western  nn^\% 
of  the  fort,  I  tieeanie  conhdeut  that  hiii  object  was  to  muke 
it  breach,  and  attempt  to  storm  the  works  at  that  poiht    I 
therefore  ordered  out  as  many  men  as  couid  be  em|rioyed 
forthe  purpose  of  stiengthenmp;' that  part,  which  was  so  ef. 
fectnatly  secured  by  means  of  bagn  of  flour,  sand,  'Sec.  thiit 
the  pickeiinsjf  suffered  little  or  no  injury  ;  notwithstanding 
which,thc enemy  about 500,  having  formed  in  a  close  oolutnn 
advanced  to  ussault  our  workti  at  the  expected  poiiiN  at  ihe 
same  time  makings  t\^  o  feints  on  the  front  of  Capt.  Hunter's 
liueD.     Tile  column  which  advanced  against  the  norliuwes- 
tern  angle,  consisting  of  about  350  men,  was  so  enveloped 
in  !tmdke,  as  m^t  to  ixi  discovered  until  it  had  approached 
within  18  or  20  paceii  of  the  lines,  but  the  men  being  all  at 
their  posts  and  ready  to  receive  it,  commenced  so  heavy 
and  gidjiiig  a  fire   as  t6  throw  tlie  column  a  little  in. 
to  cohfiision  ;  l>eing  quickly  rallied  it  advanced  to  the  outer 
works  and  bfgnii  to  leap  into  the  ditch.     Just  at  that  mo- 
ment a   fire  of  gh»|)e  was  opened  from    our  G  pounder 
(wfiichlKid  been  previously  arranged  so  as  to  rake  in  that 
if it'e<^tiOri)  which  tc^ether  with  Ihe  inusketry,  threw  them 
itito  suiih  confusrotf  that  thffy  were  compelled  to  retire  pre- 
cipitately to  the  woodsi     I  )    •liHftK    !(!      .     ,  (f»/|}#  inu     " 
'  "l>nrifijg'  the  assaiiltji  which  lasted  about  half  an  honr,  an 
{titessantfire  was  kejil  up  by  the  enemy's  artillery  (which 
ic^nsisted  of  five  sijtes  and   a  howitzer)  but'  without?  effect. 
3^^enty  Rtnn(^  of  arms,  aiid  several  braces  of  pistols  have 
bfeeiicollectedWir  the  works.     About  thrtc  in  the  morn- 
ing the  e'nemy  sailed  <lown  the  river,  leaving  behind  them 
a  boat  'containing    clothing   and   considerable   military 
stores.    Yours  with' respect,  &c.  G.  CROGHAN. 

/-'•.-'■    ■,^"-  '  AMERICAN  IX>SS.  .  -r*  ^,;^^  ^.-i^,.  ^,»i 

irM'ii'  hh  oi   I     Killed  i — wounded  7.    /   j*m omirjiia  ?*h! 

'itr^fi'f    ^-'■r  .  ,         BRITISH  LOSS.  ■•   ■■^'-  .r-vi'.' 

Killed  52 — wounded  &S — prisoners  25. 


mflTOET  OF  THC  WAE. 


Sll 


By  »  teller  from  Gov.  Hunlinf^ton,  dalcd  LttPtfr  Strn^ 
dufikjf,  Auff.  4f  il  Api^eani  Ilixl  Major  Croglmirii  fvrce  wn% 
'  )/and  tliatof  UieeiieiDir,  biX).  It  further MUt«>t  llml  the 
nteniy  lost  40  m«n  killed  in  the  ditch  with  Lieut.  Colonul 
Short,  and  novcral  oHicerni  aiidabout  llio  same  number  of 
reifulani  nhile  advaiicini^  to  the  ailack,  iMwideM  Judianiii 
Our  loss  was  one  killed,  uud  lire  wuutidtd.-— The  enemy 
^  killed  and  9i>  priKonerH. 

*  What  will  Gen.  Proctor  say,  wlien  be  finda  he  hoH  l)een 
baffled  by  a  youth  but  junt  pa«ise<l  bis  21st  year.  Heiin 
liowcver,  a  lloro  worthy  of  bid  {(allant  uncle,  Gen.  George 
Jl.  Clarke.'  [ISee  Gen.  Harrison  io  tfte  Secretary  of  War.} 


mI  .f  LOSSOF  THE  CHESAPEAKE. 
Lieut.  Budd  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navt/. 

Huljfaj',  June  lo,  1818. 

SIR — The  unfortunate  dealli  of  Ca|>t.  Jume»  JAtvrencie, 
.ind  Lieut.  Auyvslus  (f.  Liid/onj,  hatt  retuleredit  my  duly 
to  inform  you  of  the  capture  of  the  late  U.  8tat«s  frigate; 
Ciiesapeake.  ,1    -,     .  '.'■ 

On  Tuesday,  June   ],at8»A.  M.  we  unnaoored  ship 
and  ut  Hit  I'idian  got  under  way   from  President's  Koads» 
with  a  light  wind  from  the  southward  and  westward,  aiid 
proceeded  on  a  cruise.     A  ship  was  then  in  sight  in  the 
offing  which  had  the   appearance  of  a  ship  of  war,  and 
which,  from  information   received  from  pilot  boats  and 
craft,  we  believed  to  be  the  British  fri  gate  Shannon.     We 
made  sail  in  chase  and  -cleared  »bip  for  action.  At  half  past 
4  P.  M.  she  liove  to,  with  her  head  to  the  southward  and 
eastward.    AtS,  took  in  the  royals  and  top-gallaitt-sails 
and  at  half  past  five  hauled   the  courses  up.     About  15 
minutes  before  G,  the  action  commenced  within  pistol  shot. 
The  first  broadside  did   great  ex.ecution   on  both   sides, 
damaged  our  rigging,  killed  amoHg  others  Mr.  AVhite  the.. 
the  sailing  master,   and  wounded  Capl.  .|jawrence.     lu/ 
about  12  minutes  after  the  commencemeot  of  the  action, 
we  fell  on  board  of  the  enemy  and  immediately  after   one 
of  our  arm  rhests  on  the  quarter-deck  was  blown  up  by  a 
hand  grenafUe  thrown  from   the  eiiemy's  ship.     In  a  few 
minuter  one  of  the  Captt.  aids  cameoii  the  ^undeck  to  in- 
form n.e  that  the  boarders  were  called^ :  I  immediately  called 
liie  boarders  awa)  and  proceeded , to lbfe;i*|>5ff  deck,  where 


lij: 


¥ 


1  in 


mi 


1 1 
1 1 


s  «r 


i¥^ 


■' 


ii  i;  ! 


''if; 
!|  I'! 


I  ,o| 


H 


t 


I''  ' 


!;ji2 


HISTORT-  OF  THS  WAfi^ 


I  found  thai  enemy  had  succeeded  io  boarding^  u»  and  bad 
gained  possession  of  our  quarter  deck.  I  immediatelv 
gave  orders  to  haul  on  board  the  fore  tack,  for  the  purpoM; 
of  shooting  the  ship  clear  of  the  other,  and  then  made  au  at. 
tempt  to  regain  the  quarter  deck,  hut  was  wounded  and 
thrown  down  on  the  gun  deck.  1  again  made  an  effort  to 
collect  the  boardens,  but  in  tlie  mean  time  the  enemy  had 
gained  com[)lete  possession  of  the  ship.  On  my  being 
carried  down  to  the  cock-pit,  I  there  found  Capk.  Lawrence 
and  Lieut.  Ludlow  both  mortally  wounded  ;  the  former 
]ikad  been  carried  below  previously  to  the  ship*s  being  board- 
ed ;  the  latter  was  wounded  in  attempting  to  repel  the 
boarders.  Among  those  who  fell  e^rly  in  the  action  was 
Mr.  Edward  J.  Ballard,  the  4th  Lieut,  and  Lieut.  James 
Broom  of  marines. 

I  herein  enclose  to  you  a  return  of  the  killed  and  wound- 
iBd,  by  which  you  will  perceive  that  every  oflicer,  upon 
whom  the  charge  of  the  ship  would  devolve,  was  either 
filled  or  wounded  previously  to  her  capture. 

The  Shannon  had,  in  addition  to  her  full  complement, 
an  officer  and  16  men  belonging  to  the  Belle  Foule,  and  u 
part  of  the  crew  belonging  to  the  T^nedos. 

}  fiave  the  honor  to  be,  8cc. 
'^'  ^     f     <  '  GEORGE  BUDD. 

^  •'''"   .' '•   '  AMERICikN  LOSS.  i..._.. 

hiu.   .u  Killed  60— wounded  86. 

'  ^*         '■  '  '  BRITISH  LOSS. 

•    'i'  •  '   •        Killed  27— wounded 58. 


i  1 


''  Com.  Chauncey  to  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

U,  S.  S.  Gen.  Pike,  off  Niayara,  Any.  4, 1813. 

[Bxtract,]  SIR — On  the  25th  I  was  joined  by  the  Pert, 
and  on  the  27 Ih  by  the  Lady  of  the  Luke,  with  guides, 
and  Oapk.  Crane*s  company  of  artillery,  and  Col.  Scott, 
who  had  very  handsomely  volunteered  for  the  service- 
After  conversing  with  Col.  Scott  upon  the  subjiect;  it  was 
thought  advisable  to  take  on  board  250  Infantry,  which  by 
the  extraordniary  exertions  of  that  e^^cellent  officer,  were 
embarked  before  six  o'clock  the  next  morning  and  arrived 
and  anchored  in  the  harbor  of  Yurie,  at  about  3  P.  M.  oii 
the  3 1st,  run  the  schooners  into  the  upper  harbor,  landed 
^he^mannes  aud  aoldiers  under  the  commuud  of  Col.  Scot|^ 


Ii    > 


BISTORT  OF  TBE  WAR. 


218 


without  opposition,  found  !)ever<tl  hundred  barrels  of  flour 
and  provisions  in  the  public  storehouse,  five  pieces  of  can- 
non, eleven  boats,  and  aqi:antityof  shot,  sheUs,  and  other 
stores,  all  which  were  either  destroyed  or  broujcht  away. 
On  the  1st  inst.  just  after  receiving  ou  board  all  the  vessels 
could  take,  I  directed  the  barracks  and  the  public  store- 
bouses  to  be  burnt ;  we  then  re-embarked  tlie  men  and  pro- 
ceeded for  this  place,  where  1  arrived  yesterday.  Between 
4  and  500  men  left  York  for  the  head  of  the  lake  two  days 
befoce  we  arrived  there.  Some  few  prisoners  were  taken, 
some  of  whom  were  paroled,  the  others  have  been  landed  at 
FortGeorge.  » •  i"  •*./♦*  -,.  u  ';.?■<.•?.>.;  t>i<.'-  -; 

I  have  the  honor  to  be.  &c. 

ISAAC  CHAUNCEY. 


t« 


CAPTURE  OF  THjfi  DOMINICO. 
Capt.  John  H,  Dent  to  tlie  Secretary  qft/ie  Navy* 

Charleston,  Aug.  21, 1813. 
[ExtracLl  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  tliat  the  pri- 
vateer schooner  Decatur,  of  this  port,  arrived  here  y ester- ^ 
day,  with  H.  B.  M.  schooner  Domiuico,  her  prize. 

She  was  captured  on  the  15th  inst.  after  a  most  gallant 
and  desperate  action  of  one  hour,  and  carried  by  boarding, 
having  all  her  officers  killed  or  wounded  except  one  mid- 
shipman. The  Dominico  mounts  15  guns,  one  a  32 
pounder  on  a  pivot,  and  had  a  complement  of  88  men. 

She  was  one  of  the  best  equipped  apd  manned  vessels  of 
her  class  I  have  ever  seen,    The  Decatur  mounts  7  gans» 
and  had  a  complement  of  103  men. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c.      ,■  .     ,i 

-  V  ^'  .rOHNH.  DENT,   t 

AMERICAN  LOSS.  at   J/ 

Killed,5 — wounded  14.      :-(       ,  .  .*  u 'f 

BRITISH  1.0SS. 

Killed  18 — wounded  42 — prisoners  7(X 


»frfi.: 


Burning  of  Sodas,  N,  Y. — Sodus  was  the  first  tow» 
burnt  in  this  war.  This  was  a  handsome  little  village  of 
about  40  houses.  The  British  appeared  off  the  place,  the 
17th  June,  1813,  but  finding  a  considerable  miUtiaforce,  put 
offinto  the  Lake.  The  militia  were  disbanded  on  the  20th 
YyJsfen  the  eaemy  a^ain  returned,  and  effected  a  laoding.— - 


r';!ri 


) 


I   ■  <     —  -  i 


t)l'l 


1II8TORT  OP  THE  WAR. 


ii:: 


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I  ':    •  ( 


I     ! 


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t 

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■'  i       K 

,'  ■}     .     ix. 

\''-  ■       ' 

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St.    ■ 

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I 

\      ^                    '•  '' 

1 

■   ■     '      .'i 

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If 

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i     ! 

1    ^a 

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ill 

Finding  llie  public  stores,  chiefly  removed,  Uiey  iminedi. 
ately  set  fire  to  every  valuable  house  in  the  villn^re,  and  re- 
turned to  theirvessels,  after  suffering  a  loss  of  4  killed,  and 
several  wounded,  by  a  few  'citi/ens.  The  enemy's  force 
consisted  of  the  Hoyal  George,  Earl  Moria.  Prince  Regent, 
Simcoe  schr.  and  several  small  boats  and  tenders. 

Ailuck  on  Craney  Island.  (Vir.) — On  the  20lh  June, 
the  British  attempted  a  landing  on  this  Island,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  more  easily  conquering  Norfolk.  Thirteen  9k\\\i<*  of 
the  line  anchored  ofi' James  river,  from  which  about  3600 
troops  were  embarked  for  Craiiey  Island.— Com.  Cassin, 
of  the  gun  boats,  and  Capt.  Morris,  of  the  Constellation 
frigate,  manned  two  batteries  with  260  men  on  the  point  of 
he  Island  to  receive  them  ;  the  remainder  of  the  force, 
200  were  stationed  on  the  beach.  At  '8  o'clock  the  btug-es 
attempted  to  laud,  but  were  driveni  back,  with  the  loss  uf 
5250  killed  and  wounded,  and  4.5  prisoners,  and  their  lar- 
gest barge,  which  was  sunk,  with  75  men  on  board  ;  llie 
boat  and  20  men  were  finally  saved  by  the  Americans— 
our  loss  was  28  killed  and  wounded.  ^-  •!'  •(<■  .ti<u>//  ,v„^ 

Capture  of  Hampton. — The  25th  of  June  the  force  that 
attempted  Craney  Island,  landed  at  Hampton,  and  carried 
it  after  a  gallant  defence  made  by  our  militia^  4d()  strong, 
for  forty-iive  minutes.  The  enemy  attacked  us  by  land 
and  water ;  their  land  force  was  about  2500  strong,  of 
whom  400  were  riflemen.  After  our  men  were  complete- 
ly surrounded,  they  saw  that  they  must  either  surrender,  or 
break  their  way  through  the  enemy's  lines.  They  resolved 
wpon  ilie  latter,  when  the  gallant  Maj.  Crutchjicid,  led 
tliemon,  and  broke  the  lines,  and  made  good  their  retreat, 
after  killing  and  wounding  200  of  their  adversaries.  Our 
loss  on  this  occasion  was  seven  kilted,  twelve  wounded, 
and  twelve  prisoners. 

A  scene  now  commenced  sufticient  to  chill  the  blood  of 
the  Savages,  and  even  put  them  to  the  blush. 

*  To  give  you,  sir,  (says  Maj.  Crutchfield  in  his  official 
account  to  Gov.  Barbour,)  an  idea  of  the  savage-like  dis- 
position of  the  enemy,  on  their  getting  possession  of  the 
neighborhood,  would  be  a  vain  attempt.  Although  sir 
Sidney  Beckwith  assured  me  that  no  uQeasin^ss  need  lie 


COUIl 

'I 

hiiviiii 

cold 

every 

willin< 
uhundi 

violeni 
presen 
no  mo 
Cen 
nmiiioil 
()ings, 
witht 
they  b< 
uudiui 


)  4fj^(e\(^l?U: 


HISTORY  OF  TUB  WASt. 


216 


felt,  in  relation  to  the  unfortunata  Americans,  the  fact  in 
that  on  ye»ter(l:iy,  [two  (lay»  after  tlie  biittle,]  there  were 
several  Ueall  Uiilies  lying  unburied,  and  the  wounded  not 
even  a<tHi.Hted  into  the  town,  although  observed  to  be  crawl* 
intrihrough  the  fields  towards  that  cold  and  inhospilablo 
reception. 

'  The  unfortunate  females  of  l{am|)ton,  who  could  not 
leuve  the  town,  were  sulfered  to  be  abused  in  the  most 
•ihttinefnl  manner,  not  only  by  the  venal  savag^e  foe,  but  by 
tlie  unfortunate  and  infatuated  blacks,  who  were  eucoa** 
raged  in  their  excesses.  They  pillaged  and  encouraged 
every  act  of  rapine  and  murder,  killing  a  poor  man,, by 
the  name  oi  Kirby  who  had  been  lying  on  \m  l>ed  at  the 
point  of  death,  for  more  than  six  weeks,  shooting  his  wife 
at  the  same  time,  in  the  hip,  and  killing  his  faithful  dog  ly- 
ing under  his  feet.  The  murdered  Kirby  was  lying  last 
uijfht,  weltering  in  his  blood.* 

.  ..y.=  51,4  Capt,  Cooper  to  Lieut.  Gov.  3Itdlori/,  \  iV 
[Extract.]  SIR — *  The  enemy  look  possession  of  Hamp- 
tati,  with  upwards  of  2(H)0  men  against  those  above  men- 
tioned, with  the  immense  loss  of  upwards  of  200  killed 
and  woiknded,  on  their  part.  We  had  about  o  killed,  10 
wounded,  and  4  prisoners, — the  balance  have  been  ac- 
counted for. 

'  I  was  yesterday  in  Hampton  with  my  troop,  that  place 
having  been  evacuated  in  the  muniing. — My  blood  ran 
cold  at  what  I  saw  and  heard. — Teai-s  were  shedding  in 
every  corner, — the  infamous  scoundrels,  monsters,  destroy' 
ed  every  thiny,  but  the  hmises,  and  (my  pen  is  almost' un- 
wilhng  to  describe  it,)  the  n'omen  were  ravished  by  those 
abandoned  ruffians. — Great  God !  my  dear  friend,  figure 
to  yourself  our  Hamptun  females,  seized,  and  treated  with 
violence  by  those  monsters,  and  not  a  solitary  American 
present  to  avenge  their  wrongs! !  But  enough — I  can  say 
110  more  of  this.* 

Certijicate.  The  eikcmy  robbed  the  Pulpit  and  Com-r 
munion  Table,  in  the  Episcojial  Church,  of  all  the  trap- 
pings, &c.  together  with  all  the  plate,  although  inscribed 
with  the  name  of  the  Donor,  and  of  the  parish  to  which 
they  belonged.  They  committed  Rape  in  many  instances 
aud  murdered  asick  man  in  Ins  bed,  and  shot  a  ball  through 


! 


ii 


.=   i 


hi 


$     5 


i^to 


HISTORY  or  TUB  WA«. 


-1" 


'U 


i     ! 


his  wikVs  Ihigh ;  ihey  wantonly  destroyetl  every  species  of 
property  that  they  had  no  use  for,  ami,  in  fact,  even  strip. 
ped  the  shirt  off  tlie  back  of  George  Hnpe^  sen'r  about  70 
years  of  age,  and  took  the  shoes  from  his  feet,  after  prick- 
ingr  hioi  with  the  bayonet.  ^^i  v" 

JOHN  WESTWOOD,  BampUm. 

Murder  of  John  B.  Graveg. — Mr.  Graves  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  23(1  re<i;'t.  Infantry,  and  was  wounded  through 
the  arm  at  the  attack  on  Sackett's  Harbor  in  May,  and 
was  removed  to  Oswego.  When  Oswego  was  attacked. 
Graves  had  so  far  recovered  as  to  be  able  to  load  and  fire, 
and  stood  his  ground  like  a  hero.  (Jnfortimately,  he  wa» 
again  wounded,  and  carried  to  a  log  house  with  two  oth- 
ers. Our  men  shortly  after  letr'^ateil,  and  an  English 
Officbh,  a  LietiteHant,  came  to  the  door  of  the  house,  and 
presented  a  fuzee  at  him ;  upon  which  Graves  exclaimed, 
*  O  merely  for  heaven  s  sake  shew  me  mercy  ;  dont  shoot  me 
again^  1  ami  badly  wounded'  The  officer  cocked  his  piece, 
which  was  within  its  own  length  of  Graves,  weltering  in 
his  blood,  and  with  an  infernal  grin,  said  Vll  shew  you 
MBKCY,  GOD  DAMN  YOU,'  and  immediately  discharged 
its  contents,  a  ball  and  tliree  buckshot,  into  his  breast.-*- 
This  inhuman  villain  soon  met  his  reward,  for  scarcely  had 
he  turned  his  eyes  from  the  object  of  his  barbarity,  when 
he  was  sliot  through  tlie  brain,  and  fell  dead  almost  within 
reach  of  Graves. 

'\V''^'*^*\  Skirmishing  at  forC  George  f  U.Canada.  *«♦' 
On  the  1 1th  of  Augu*»t  181i>,  Gen.  Proctor  attacked  oor 
pickets  at  day  break ;  after  a  short  engagement,  in  which 
tlie  enemy  hatl  15  killed,  and  one  Capt.  an<l  seveml  pri- 
vates made  prisoners,  our  force  retired  to  the  fort  with  the 
loss  of  2  killed  and  several  wounded. 

On  the  night  of  the  17th,  our  troops  and  a  few  Indians 
formed  an  ambuscade,  about  300  strong,  immediately  in 
front  of  the  British  camp.  At  day  light  our  Indians  rose 
and  gave  the  war-whoop,  and  the  enemy  considering  it  a 
friendly  call;  came  forlh,  and  were  within  half  rifle  shot 
before  they  discovered  the  stratagem.  They  were  met 
upon  all  sides,  and  made  but  little  resistance ;  75  beinsf 
killed  the  fir.st  shot,  and  the  remainder,  U>,  surrendered  8f 
prisoners.  *  :   -^ 


A* 


unroaY  (mrtm  wab. 


^11 


Coi  }Vm.  Ri&iitti  k>t  V'mcttii^ir^iih  C73  men,  chiefly 
voliintean*  from'  Kentutk^  antt  Ohio,  inarched  from  V il- 
louia  on  t^K ''^h  J«ii«,  tor  khvpurpOMe  of  relieving  the 
frontier  inh&bHanii  of  the  Mvuf^eg.  In  inorchiiif  through 
their  ouunUvylbnrti^dDiit  they  tiiicoecded  iii  cloMtruying  six> 
teea  eif  tbeife*  i^)Uig<^  anwl  ^  ooiisl<lcr»ble  niiantily  of  corn, 
Stc.  ^lul  fttiimeil  without  the  lowtofii  itiiigte  man,  bringin|^ 
in  several  priHoners,  and  10  homei  which  th«  Indiana  had 
piilujredatevu  (kiy<9  hefui^iVoui  the  iiihaliitarit«. 

A  Yankee  trich^^-^n  \\ie  Ath  of  July,  18  Id,  Com.  Lewi^, 
conittttiiidartt  of  the  ilotilia  of  gun  boatn  at  New- York,  (tent 
uut  ibe  fcihiiig  smack  Yankee,  from  Mun'.iuito  cove,  for 
the  ^nir|M)ae  Of<tUkingby  atr^lagem,  the  Kluop  Eagfle,  aten- 
(lento  InePoictiersof  74  guna,  which  had  been  very  trouble 
some  to  the  ifishermenotf  Sandy  Hook,  where  they  weivi 
cruiMngr^    A  calf»  u  sheep,  aud  a  goofto  were  purchased  ond 
MeourecFon  deck ;  andb<t\v«en  dO  and  40  men,  well  armed 
with  mtisketft,  wore  secreted  in  tiie  trabin  and  fore  \ieak  of 
thd-imack.    Thus  prepared^  with  three  men  dressed  in 
lisherman  s  clothes  on  deck,  she  put  out  to  sea  as  if  going 
on  a  fishing  trip.    TKe  Englo  on  perceiving  Ihh  smack 
gnve  chase,  and  ofteir  Coining  up  with  her,  seeing  ^he  bad 
live  stock  on  deck,  ordered  her  to  go  down  to  the  Comnio* 
dore,  about  five  miles  distiant.    The  hetmsmnn  cried  *  ai/e, 
mje^  sivy  and  apparently  put  up  the  helm  for  that  purpose, 
which  brought  her  alongside  the   Euglo,  not  more  than 
three  yards  distant    The  watch-\Vord,  JxtwrencCf  was  then 
given^  when  tlie  armed  men  rushed  from  their  hiding  places 
nnd  poured  into  litrA'volley  of  musketry,  which  struck  hor 
crew  with  dismay,  and  drove  them  all  into  the  hold  with 
such  Iprecipitancy,  that  tliey  hud  not  time  to  strike  tlieir  co- 
lours.   The  Eagle  had  on  boMrd  a  32  lb.  brass  howitzer, 
loaded  with  shot ;  but  their  surprise  was  so  sudden  that 
they  had  not  time  to  fire  it.     The  crew  consisted  of  a  mas- 
ter, one  midshiprfian;  and  11  marines  from  the  Poictiers.-**- 
The  prize  arrived  at  Whitehall,  amidst  the  shoMtiy  of  MiQjrt« 
Wnds  who  were  celebrating  the  4lh  of  July/    >  ^  j  ? -v  » ^n 


tjH t  iiii  ti  t« 


I  I't 


'^  »>v; 


h 


r^  .1   jffhX.'^ 


'ittsff 


«r 


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mm 


ife> 


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BISTOBVl  OF  TAB  WJ 


'     '1 

i 

1 

^              1 

i 

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in 


i 


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^ 


!  ■  i 
I 


hi 


Xn.(i(>..i3pic  BURROWS'  VICTORir/.  uU  ^..V) 
i  r^  1 ! !  <  X/ettA  J/'  CuU  lUtJIhe  Sevtetartf  of  tke  Navy,  \> 
u  i;  V*  Klhiff  Eniaiptiisae,  Pniitmd, lih  Sk/M.  i8ia 
<!  [£U'^ai.7.]h)iR~*IuciMis0(|u«i)ce  <if  tlMiiiiforliinut«de»Ui 
of  ifitiut.  Williiuu  BurrowH,  lale  iOomoi^DdBr  of  ihit 
vt»tjM>U  »t  ilcvulveH  oit  m^ilio  aor|ulM(jut  yoii'^ifiith  ftbe  result  ot 
the  pruitte.  After  Hailing  fruin  FortHmonlliontbe  Ui  \i\%\, 
\iie  sleereti  to  tlie  easlwarti ;  atid  oli  tiie  luor.aing  of  the  3d, 
oO'AVuod  liilaud,  diikcovictitid  a  tic4ioo{tt^r,.uihich  wechasfd 
into  this  h-.irltor,  where  ue  uiichoreil.  On  the  uioniing  ot 
Ui«  4tj),>weight>i(  anchor,  and  swept  out,  and  coiiiiiuied  our 
cour!«^  to  the  eastwardJ  iHaviik^trvdeivcd  inforiuaiion  of 
«evt>'al  pri>vat(;ers^  beingf.otf  Maiibagan^i  Nve  »to64  for.  that 
place ;  ^nd  on  the  fotbwii*e  iuoni»u^ialiie2  bay  near  Pen- 
cil! .Foittfty  di§oeretied  al  brig '  gelthinj;  nnidvr  way,  which 
apjxfuredito  be  a.yeMsel  of  war,  nmdk  to  wh»oh  we  unmedi- 
ateiy  gavje  chase»  She>^re(l.^eve|'aliguni$^!aodr stood  for us^ 
bavifig  foHi'  ensigns  hoisted.  /  Afti^iviecdnuoiterihg  and 
discovering  her  force,  auift  the  nation tto.wiiich  she  4i«ldng- 
€d,  ,Yie  bauied  ;U^ion  a  wtjod  to  ^ncl  m^  A»i.  the  bay,  and  at 
3  o'clock  dbortcniilsaiJ^tiickedtorunido'Wii  wilii  an inleii- 
tioik  to  bring  Iterito  close  action.  :AMvvenly  minutes  alter 
3  p.  M.  when  within  half  pistol  siM>t,tlie  firing,  commenc- 
ed friOidi  bolhy  and  after  being  wnrtardy  kept  up,  and  with 
some  iitauoonvretn^jiitlie  enemy  hailed  and  said  they  had 
surrendered,  abont  4  P.  M.  Their  wlonrs  bein^  nailed  ta 
tfte  witaitt,  cifukl  not  tie  hauled  down.  She  proved  to  be  his 
B.  iVl.  brig  Boxer,  of  14  guns,  Samtfel  BIythe,  Esq^  com^ 
mander,  who  fell  in  the  early  part  of  the  engagement,  hav- 
ing received  a  cannon  shot  through  the  boily.  And  I  am 
sorry  to  add  that  Lieut..  Burrows,  who  bad  gallantly  led  m 
into.acttoti,  fell  aUo  about  ihe  Siuue  time  by  a  mnsket  bull, 
which  terminated  his  exitilence  in  eight  boiirH. 

The  Entcrprize  suli'ered  much  in  spars  and  rigging,  and 
Ihe  Busier  m  spars,  rigging,  and  hull,  having  many  »huts 
between  wind  and  Walter. 

:'\  As  no  muster  roll  that  can  be  fully  relied  on  has  come 
into  my  posistssion,  1  cannot  exactly  state  the  number  kill- 
ed and  wonnded  on  board  the  Boser,  but  from  information 
received  from  the  officers  of  that  vessel,  it  appears  there 
were  between  twenty  and  twenty-five  killed,  and  fourteeu 


mSTOMT  Ol^irllB  WAil. 


$fm 


wounded.     Enclosed  is  a  list  of  Ihe  killed  and  woimd^ 
on  board  the  Knterprn^.     f  have  Ihe  honor  to  Ive,  <kc. 

EDWARD  U.  M'CALL,  Sfwat  OJicer,    • 

'1  i'    !  AHERir.iN  1X)SS.      '  '     '»* 

Killed  4— Wounded  lO^totnl  14.      /    i"  *^i  "> 


M'i'^ 


BltlTlSIl  LOSS. 

Killed  2i>— Wounded  14— total  d9 


f 


>  t  I>.t{  uj  .CHAPTER  IX 


•       ■  ■     ■'/!  *^f?J 

'^  -  PERRY'S  VICTORY.  i'  u/r 

Coiw.  Perri,i  to  the  Secretari/  of  the  Navtf.  >  :f;"d 
U.  S.  briif  Kiayara,  Jjike  Erie,  tiept.  10, 1813.  Mi^ 
SIR — It  has  pleased  the  Almighty  to  give  to  the  arms  of 
the  United  States  a  signal  victory  ovrr  their  enemien  on 
this  lake.  The  Britisii  squadron  cousiiiting  of  2  ships,  2 
brigs,  1  schooner,  and  1  sloop,  have  this  moment  surren- 
dered to  the  force  under  my  command,  after  a  sharp  con- 
flict.    I  have'  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

O.  H.  PERRY,  i/ 


<>s: 


:jrin 


}liS. 


t  -ytii-] 


Com.  Perrtf  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  v.\ 

U,  S.  Sch.  Ariel,  Ful-in-bay,  Sept.  Hi,  1813. 
SIR — In  my  last  I  informed  you  that  we  had  captured 
the  enemy's  fleet  on  this  lake.  I  have  now  iiie  honor  to 
give  you  the  most  important  particulars  of  the  action. 
On  the  morning  of  the  loth  inst.  at  sun-rise,  they  were  dis- 
covered from  Put-in-bay,  where  I  lay  at  anchor  with  the 
squadron  under  luy  command.  ,  We  got  under  weigh,  the 
wind  light  at  $.  W.  and  i4ood  for  tliem.  At  10  A.  M.  the 
wind  hauled  to  S.  £.  and  brought  us  to  windward;  form- 
ed the  line  and  bore  up.  At  Id  minutes  before  twelve, 
the  enemy  commenced  tiring ;  at  6  minutes  betore  twelve 
the  action  conmienced  on  our  part.  Finding  their  fire. 
very  destructive,  owing  to  their  long  guns,  and  its  being* 
mostly  directed  at  the  Lawrence,  I  made  sail,  and  directed 
the  other  vessels  to  follow  for  the  purpose  of  dosing  with 
the  enemy.  Every  brace  and  bowline  being  soon  shot 
away,  she  became  unmanageable,  notwithstandmg  the  great 
exertions  of  the  sailings-master.    In  this  i^ituatioa  she  sua- 


n 


V 

II  f 


r 


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1 

1    ■^■ 

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■t    ' 

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ji   Mi 

' 

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:      -j           '            1  1 

r'    ;  !- 

'      :  f' 

'  ^  1     'i' 

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:;     »    ^J 

ff 

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'     .     -' 

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if 

■ 

■1    '       * 

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lil 

MH 


MWffOWK  jOV  XHB  WAAtf 


|»ifi^  lhc|it;Uott  upwards  jof  Iwo  hiMiiti  wilkiii  cauiiitfrrdii*. 
tance,  until  every  giM  wgs  reindpred  UHelen^AiKl  the  f reaU 
erparj^  of  her  rrew  eilhff  killed. 0r  nrnttmled.     Fiiidin;r 
she  could  no  longer  annoy,  the  enemy*  I  left  her  in  chart^e 
of  Lieut.  YHinall,  wlio,  1  wqs  conviuced  fi'oih  the  braver^' 
already  displayed  by  liiin«  would  do  what   would  cumpnrt 
with  the  honor  pf  the  flpg.     At  half  paHi  iWo^  the  w  inU 
sprinring  up,Capt»  Elliot  wa;;  enabled  to  bring  hi^  veHsrI, 
the  ^)iagara,   gallnutly  into  close   action;  I  iromediatt 
M'enl  on  board  of  her,  when  lie  anticipated  my  wish  by  vol- 
untei  ring  to  bring  ihft  schoonerH   which  had  been  kept 
astern  bv  the  lighincKS  of  the  wind,  into  close  action.     It 
was  with  unspeakable  pain  that  I  saw  soon  after  I  got  on 
board  the  Niagara,  the  flag  of  the  Lawrence  come  down, 
although  I  was  ptirfectly  sensible  that  she  had  been  defend- 
ed to  the  last,  snil  that  to  have  continued  to  make  s  show 
of  resi':4ance  would  have  been  a  wanton  sacri^ce  of  the  re- 
mains of  her  brave  crew.     But  the  enemy  was  not  able  to 
take  possession  of  her,  and  circumstances  soon  permitted 
her  flag  again  to  be  hoisted.     At  45  minutes  past  two«  the 
signal  was  made  hr  *  close  action.'     The  Niagara,  being 
very  little  injured,  I  determined  to  pass  through  the  enemy's 
lines,  bore  up  and  passed  ahead  of  their  two  ships  and  a 
brig,  giving*  a  raking  iire  to  them  from  the  starboard  guns, 
and  to  a  large  schooner,  and  sloop,  from  the  larboard  side, 
at  half  pistol-shot  distance.    The  smaller  vessels  at  this 
time  having  got  within  grape  and  canister  distance,  under 
the  direction  of  Capt.  Elliot,  and  keeping  up  a  ^ell  direct- 
ed fire,  th«  2  ships,  a  brig,  and  a  schooner,  surrendered,  a 
schooner  and  sloop  making  a  vain  attempt  to  escape. 

Those  officers  and  men  who  were  immediately  under 
my  observation  evinced  the  greatest  gallantry,  and  I  have 
no  doubt  that  all  others  conducted  themselves  as  became 
American  officers  and  seamen.  j.iieut.  Yarnnll,  first  of  the 
Lawrence,  although  sei^eral  tim^i^  wounded,  refused  to  q»U 
the  deck. 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  statement  of  the  rela 
tive  force  of'the  squadrons.  The  Ctipt.  and  first  Lieut,  of 
.the  Q,ueen  Charlotte,  and  first  Lieut,  of  the  Detroit  w^t 
killed*— Capt.  Barclay,  senior  officer,  and  the  commandei 
of  the  Lady  Prevost,  severely  wounded.  The  commaoder 
of  the  Hunter  and  Chippeway  slightly  woUnded.    Thei^ 


--.t: 


he  i^reaU 

Finding; 
II  charge 
i  bra  V  try 
I  cumpnit 
the  wind 
lis  vessel, 
mediati 
ish  by  vol- 
3een  kept 
iclion.    It 
r  I  got  on 
irte  down, 
en  del'end- 
le  c  show 
i  of  the  re- 
lot  able  to 
perraitted 
st  IWO)  the 
ara»  being 
he  enemy's 
lips  and  a 
oard  guns, 
joard  side, 
sels  at  this 
nee,  under 
ivell  direct- 
^ndered, « 
cape. 

ilely  under 
and  I  have 
as  became 
,  first  of  the 
ased  to  qwit 


nnrroRV  ov  tk*  wab. 


sidt 


ION*  in  kdled  and  vroiincM  I  hiive  not  been  able  \6  M4Nfr- 
liiinj  it  must,  ho^^^^ert  have  l>eeii  tery  great 

Very  f«iHiecifally,  %c.  '  M^ 

^^hl'}.!.  •      •..♦•,.1.'      O.H.  PE^R.,'« 

.    .'  •  'I    ♦>//!    T'ii    .  '.J 

(/.  &  Skk.  Ariel,  Put-in-baff,  Srpt  18, 1«13.    *. 
SIR— rl  have  caused  thfe  prisouerH  taken  cni  Itie  Kith  in!^. 
to  be  landed  at  HandiiMky,  and  have  reqneNtetl  Gen.  Harri- 
son to  have  them  marched  to  Chibcuihe,  and  there  wait  Uh- 
lil  your pleaiiare  shall  be  kno>Vn  re^peoting  ihein. 

iThf  Lawrence  has  been  so  entirely  cut  \i\*,  it  is  absolute- 
ly necessary  she  sborJd  go  into  a  safe  harbor ;  I  have  there- 
fore directed  Lieut.  Yarnailto  proceed  to  Erie  in  her^  with 
the  wounded  of  the  fleet,  and  ditmmntle  and  get  her  over 
the  bar  assooh  ab  possible. 

The  two  ships  in  a  heavy  sea  this  day  at  an«  or  lost  their 
masts,  being  mudi  injured  in  tlie  action,  i  shall  haul 
them  into  the  inner  bay  at  this  place  and  moor  them  for  the 
present.  The  Detroit  is  a  remlMrkably  £ne  ship,  sails  well, 
sjnd  »  very  strongly  built.  The  Q,ueeki  Charlotte  isamtich 
superior  vessel  to  what  has  been  represented.  Th6  Lady 
Prevost  is  a  large  Hne  schooner.    ' 

Faroe  of'  tlie  Amerieatk  aqnadiron,  »^'  ^  ^  •»^s^'«' '"  • 
littwrenCetO  ^uris— Niagara  20*— Caledonia  *^Artel  4^-^ 

Scorpion  2~^Somers  4 — ^lYippe  I-— Tigrfess  l'^l*orcu- 

pine  l-*-totttl '5ft  guns.  -^ 

Forces/ Uie  Bfitishs^uadrm,    '  ' 
Detroit  21  gufis-^^oeen  Charlotte  18-^Lady  P^^^ost  14^ 
Hunter  lO-^Littks  Belt  8^Chit)peway  3->-^tota(  (jj^  guns.  ^ 

The  exact  numbef  of  the  eniimy's  force  has  not  bfeen  as- 
certained) but  I  hate  good  reason  to  believe  that  it  e^tecd- 
ed  oiirs  by  nearly  too  men.       --  -. 

I  hav«  the  honor  to  be,  &c.  O.  H.  PEltRY.    ^ 

AMERICAN  tOSe. 


,'.♦     'riliili 


..  t.f /-.iUl 


'i-    J! 


■fis'.ij^ 


.^^1'^ 


) 


'.}  on 


KiMed  27— wounded  96. 
British  loss  not  known. 

CAPTtTRE  OF  MALDEN.       '■'•': 
Gen.  Harrison  to  the  Secretary  of'  War.         l'  '; 
H.  Q.  Amhersllmrg,  Sept.  2a,  ItSlS. " 
SIR— I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  I  landed'  the 
I  army  under  my  command  abOttt^S  miles  below  this  place  ^t  3 


-^\    1 


m 


..i»t 


2U 


BlSTOUr  jOt  THJft  WASl 


;t 


r} 


i     4\\\ 


I  I 


;.  I 


^'4 


11  b  ■ 


!l! 


1(1 


luiit 


iii: 


I  ii! 


oV.lock  ihit  evening^,  witlioul  dppositian,  Hwi  toiik  potivei. 
Nioii  of  the  town  in  an  hour  after.  Geik.l'roclorhM  retreal. 
tf(J  lo  Sandwich  with  his  regular  tro<)|M  imiU  liuliuns,  hav. 
in^  previously  burned  the  fort,  rmvy  yard,  barra(*kK,  and 
public  store  houses  ;  the  two  latter  were  very  exlcnsivr, 
coverm(^  severiil  acres  of  grouud.  I  %ill  piirsue  the  cno 
iny  to-morrow,  although  tht  re  in  noprobubiiity  ofniy  over- 
lakin|(  Inui,  iis  he  has  upwards  of  omd  ilioiiH4i»4i  hontet., 
and  >ve  have  not  one  m  the  army.  I  shail;  ihiuk  mysell 
fortunate  to  be  able  to  collect  a  sufficiency  ifO  mount  the 
Gen.  officers.  It  is  suppoied  liere  thai  Gen.  Proctor  in. 
tends  to  establish  hiu)»elf  upon  the  river  tVentfh,  forty  uiile^ 
f'roi J  Maiden.  .iUmnu/  .iwnA  [y&rmh '. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  ^p.  «'.       '    !. 

WILLI \M  H.  HARUISON. 
nmU  ku\ -Hjv.     ■   '■    •'       ' -: v. 

n.».l  l.url    < HARRISONS  VICTOR!?,* 


•jiMji'Hl 


.«.», 


mU  vm)  III  Gen.  HanUoulothe  Secretary  i^!  Wat* 

.u;^.  .ijiii.'.  t>Mti  ,j(l>;..H.  Q'  Detroit,  Oct.  9t  X%\2t. 

SIR — In  my  letter  from  Sandwich  of  the^  2dd  ullinio,  I 
did  myself  the  honor  to  inform  you,  Ihftt  Ijwas  preparing 
to  pursue  the  enemy  the  following  day^  Fltom  various 
causes,  however  J  was  unable  to  put  the  troops  in  motion 
until  the  luorning  of  the  2d  in&t  and  then  to  take  with  me 
only  about  one  bundled  aad  ,torly  of  the  regular  troops, 
Johnson*s  mounted  regiment,  and  such  of  i^pvernor  Shel- 
by's volunteers  as  were  fit  for  a  r«i|>id  iii$itch,  the  whole 
amounting  to  about  three  thousand  fiv?  Amndr^d  men.  To 
Gen.  M*Arthur(with  about  700  effectives) Jhe  protecting 
of  this  pla^Q  and  the  sick  w;as  committedfi  Gen.  Cadi's 
brigade,  and  tiie  corps  of  Lieut.  Col.  Ball*  were  left  at 
Sandwich,  with  orders  to  follow  me  as  soon  as  the  men  re^ 
ceivfd  their  knapsacks  and  blankets,  MriicU  had  been  left 
on  an  island  in  Lnke  £rie« 

The  unavoidable  delay  at  Sandwich  was  attended  with 
no  disadvantage  to  us.  Gen.Froctor  had  posted  himselt 
at  Dalson*s  on  the  right  biuik  ol  the  Thames  (or  Trench) 
fifty  six  miles  from  this  place^  where  1  was  informed  he  in- 
tended to  fortify  and  wait  to  nn-eive  me.  He  must  have 
believed,  however,  tltal  1  had  no  disposition  to  follow  him,  or 
that  be  had  securi^d  my  cunt  inuauce  here,  by  the  reports  that 
}ve|re,circulated  that  tlie  Ittdians  would  ^ittlack  aiid  destro) 


flOToftT  or  Tnv  wai. 


tva 


tht«  ptsec>«podlh* i«fivnrtcc<  of  Ifie  ftrmy  ;  m  ho  nr^..  HhI 
to  comiiilHi^e  Ike  brMkiti}«nf>  the  bridge*  uitiil  thif  ikig^t  of 
Ibe'ifliiMt.  lOii  Ikat  nif^ht  oomrmy  reached  the  n^er, 
which  «H  rwelili^^Hvc mile?* from  Sandwich,  and  iione  of  4 
Nir6:inM  eroMiiMliif  oiir  route,  oirer'aM  of  m  *iich  '■  we  brtd)fe«, 
amM)tniig><dte|i  dnd-miiddViSre  oMbrrluble  for  a  conNidrni^ 
Ilk  diittitttcciiiitdilhe  coantry-*th«ibridge  here  \vn»  foun4 
eiitim,  aiul  in  >thliniomii\^  i  |>rocekled  with  JohitwohV  re- 
iriment  t4v  mM;  H'  poMiil»Wi  the  blhern.  At  iM  trcoiid 
iIrUljjfe<Wi6r  «brjniflhof  the  river  Th»nM»M,  we  were  fortiH 
nale  enoogb  Ui'^ifliHiire  a  Lk^IJ  of  ttrai^ooDH  and  eleven 
|irivatei^!who  had  hcen  nenthy  '(ie«i.  Proctor  to  deHiroy 
tbem.  Krom  the  prifionerH  I  learned  that vbe  third  bridge 
was  broken  ufl  alt^d  tbiit  the  enemy  had  no  certain  informa- 
tion of  oar  fid  vance.  Thebridi^e  havin<j;- been  im>|)erfect- 
\y  destl'ojrctd,  wnfl  ftooii  refinired  and  the  iirmy  eneampod  at 
Drake's'  farm,  fbulr  miles  below'  Dakion'ft.  '  * i  > 

The  river  Thanlkeg,-  nloiY^  the^  bai^»  of  which  onr  route 
lavt  iHu  Hike  4eep  stream,  navi^bte  for  veAsels  of  consider-^ 
able  burden;  after  ttie  passagfom  the  bar  at  its  moulhr  over 
whicbythere  is' six  And  a  hnlf  feet  water.  ' 

The  bh^giai^o  of  the  army  wnti  brmight  from"  Detroit  im 
boats  proi^f  led  by  thi-ee  giin-liontM,  wbioh  Com.  Perfy 
hdd  tiiminbed  for  the  purpose,  a^'well  as  to  cover  the  pash* 
iiil^eof  th^  army -over  theThatnen  itseilf,  or  the  inouth»  of 
its  tribntnry  streams  ;  the  kinkm  beintr  low  and  the  country; 
i>c>aerallyopeH  (pi*airieK^  as  high  as  T>ilsoirs,  the^e  vesseN 
were  well  cutculated  for  that  purpost*.  Above  Dalson^it 
however,  the  character  of  the  river  and  adjacent  country  irt 
considerably  changed. — ^The  former,  ikoiigh  sliW  deep,  is 
very  narrow  and  its  liiiiiks  bij^h  and  woody.  TiKe  C(<rm- 
modore  and  myself  theretorc  a^'reed  in>On  the  propriety 
ot  ieavinsrlhe  boats  under  a  ^iv.ird  ot'one  hundred  and  fif- 
ty infautL'y»  and  1  determined  to  truKt  to  fortune  and  the 
lirnvery  of  my  tioops  to  eftect  thej>assage  of  the  river.  Be- 
low a  place  called  Ciiathaiu  and  4  miles  above  Dalson's  is 
the  third  unfordable  branch  of  the  Tliaines ;  the  bridge  over 
its  aioulh  had  been  taken  up  by  the  Indians,  as  well  as  that  at 
M'Clregor's  Mills,  one  mite  above — several  hundred  of  the 
Indians  I'einained  to  dispute  our  passage,  arnl  -^ipon  the 
miivalofthe  advanced  guard,  commenced  a  heavy  fire 
tioni  the  opposite  bank  of  the  creek  as  well   as  that  of  Ihfe 


M! 


:i| 


•■„fn*^ 


f' 


I     I 


I  I 


\   >■ 


'■■} 


li    1 


i   ! 


Ul 


BLrronY  or  .tub  wia. 


tiver.  Beliiivid j^  llial  Ihe  whoUt  foro«  of  lh»  tntmy  wtg 
there,  1  haHed  the  army,  foniMd  in  order  of  battle,  tad 
broiil^hk  up  our  two  Htn-iNmndera  to  cover  the  party  that 
were  ordered  to  rapair  the  bridge— <a  few  ahot  from  those 

Citces,  loon  drovi«  off  tlie  Indiuiit  and  enabled  na,  in  twu 
oura  to  repair  the  brii^e  iMid  cruan  the  troo^  Col 
Johnaoa'a  mounted  reyfinwkit  beiug^  upon  the  rtght  ef  tbc 
army,  had  seized  upo'9  the  remaim*  of  thti  ()ridge  at  the 
inills  under  a  heavy  fire  from  the  Indians.  Our  Ions  on  thii 
oceaNion,  was  two  killed  and  three  or  four  wounded,  that  of 
the  enemy  wasascfertainedto  he  considerably  ^:reat«r.  '  A 
houae  near  tlie  bridge  coatairtinf;  a  verj  eonliderable  nnm* 
her  of  muskets  had  been  set  on  tirei — but  it  wae  extinguiib. 
ed  by  our  troops  and  the  arms  saved.  At  Ike  first  fana 
al>ove  thtf  bridjife,  we  found  oiie  of  the-  enemy's  vessels  on 
ire,  loaded  with  arms  and  ordnance  stores,,  and  learned 
that  they  were  a  few  mileti  ahead  of  us,  stiU  #n' the  right 
hank  of  the  river  with  the  ^reit  body  of  the  Indians.  At 
BowW  farm,  four  miles!  from  the  bridge  we  liuUed  for  the 
night,,  found  two  other  veteeis  and  a  large  destillcry  filled 
with  ordnance  and  other  valuable  stores  to- an  immense 
amount  ill  flamea— it  wa^  in^possible  to  put  out  the  firex4\vo 
twen^-four-<pQnnders  with  their  carriages  were  taken  and 
a  large  quantity  of  ball  and  sliells  of  various  sizes.  The 
if  my  wa/i  put  in  motion  early  on  the  morning  of  the  5th  ;  1 
pushed  on  in  advance  with  thv  mounted  regiment  and  request- 
ed (iov.  Slielby  to  follow  as  ex ))editiously  us  possible  with 
the  infantry  ;  the  Governor's  zeul  and  that  of  his  men  ens- 
bled  them  to  keep  up  with  the  cavalry,  and  by  9  o'clock,  we 
were  at  Arnold's  Mills,  having  taken  in  the  course  of  the 
n^rrung  two  gun-boats  and  several  balteaux  loaded  with 
provisions  and  amnmiiitioii. 

A  rapid  at  the  river  at  Arnold's  mills  aifoixls  the  only 
fordi;ig;tobe  met  with  for  a  considerable  distance,  but,  up> 
on  examination,  it  was  found  too  deep  fop  the  infatUrv. 
flaving,  however,  fortunately  taken  two  or  three  boats  and 
some  Indian  canoes  on  the  spot,  and  obliged  the  horsemen 
to  lake  a  foot-man  behind  each,  the  whole  were  saftiy 
crossed  by  12  o'clock.  £ight  miles  from  the  crossing  we 
passed  a  4'arni,  where  a  pait  of  the  British  troops  had  en- 
camped the  night  before,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Wat- 
huVtpn..    The  dfitachment  with  Gen.  Proctor  had  arrived 


UISTORY  or  THC  WAB. 


^'» 


the  (lay  befure  at  the  M oravinn  towns  4  miles  tiigher  up. 
Ikiii^  now  certainly  nt'tir  the  enemy,  I  directed  the  ad* 
vaiicc  of  .lohn»un*M  rcij^inif  nt  to  accelerate  their  march  for 
the  |)nr|)OHe  of  procnrin^^  inleliiKence.  The  officer  com- 
nianding  it,  ni  h  xhort  time,  sent  to  mfonn  me,  that  bit  pro- 
grcHH  WiiN  Hlopped  by  the  enemy,  who  were  formed  acrotia 
uur  line  of  march.  One  of  the  enemy'tt  wan^^onerM  being 
ulsotukcn  piMHoner,  from  the  information  received  from 
iiim,  niid  my  own  ob»ervation,  assisted  by  some  of  my  offi- 
cerM,  1  Koou  ascertained  enouf^h  of  their  position  and  order 
of  battle,  to  determine  limt,  which  it  was  pro(H.'r  for  me  to 
idout.  J- 

From  llie  place  .'^liere  our  army  last  halted,  to  the  Mora- 
vian towns  a  diHtance  of  aliout  three  and  a  half  miles,  the 
road  passes  through  a  beach  forest  without  any  clearing,  and 
for  the  tirst  two  miles  near  to  the  bank  of  the  river.  Al 
from  two  to  300  yards  from  the  river,  a  swaini)  extends  par- 
allel to  it,  throughout  the  whole  distance.  The  intermedi- 
ate p^round  is  dry,  and  although  the  trees  arc  tolerably 
thick,  it  is  in  muiiy  places  clear  of  underbrush.  Across 
this  strip  of  land,  its  lell  appayed  upon  the  river,  sup(N)rted 
by  artillery  placed  in  the  wood,  their  right  in  the  swamp 
covered  by  the  whole  of  the  Indian  force,  the  British  troo|)S 
weredrav;n  up.  a  i 

The  troops  almy  disposal  consisted  of  about  120  regulars 
of  the  27lh  regiment,  five  brigades  of  Kentucky  volunteer 
militia  infantry,  uiid^M-  his  Excellency  Gov.  Shelby,  aver- 
aging less  than  6ve  l.andred  men,  and  Col.  Johnson's  regi- 
ment of  mounted  iiiiantry,  making  in  the  w  hole  an  aggre- 
l^ute,  something  about  d(K)0.  No  disposition  of  an  army 
Ojiposed  to  an  Indian  force  can  be  safe  unless  it  is  secured 
(III  the  flanks  and  in  the  rear.  I  had  therefore  no  difficulty 
III  arranging  the  infantry  conformably  to  my  general  order 
ul' battle.  Gen.  Trotter's  brigade  of  500  men,  formed  the 
iVoiit  line,  his  right  upon  the  road  and  his  left  upon  the 
swamp.  Gen.  King's  brigade  as  a  second  line,  150  yards 
ill  the  rear  of  Trotter's,  and  Chiles'^brigade  as  a  corps  of 
reserve  in  the  rear  of  it.  These  three  brigades  formed  the 
fomniainl  of  Major-Gerieral  Henry  ;  the  whole  of  Gen. 
Desha's  division,  consisting  of  two  brigades,  were  formed 
fii  poteiii'i'  upon  the  left  of  Trotter. 


:i     ' 


II  i 


iu 


226 


IIISTOIIY  OF  Tin:  \V.iU. 


f  ;i'  <! 


\::\l 


'  *' 


Whilst  I  was  ciif^agei!  in  forming;  Ihe  inlaiilr) ,  I  Ind  d, 
reeled  Co!,  .lohnsoirs  rcjjimeiil,  which  was  still  in  front.  It. 
be  fornieil  in  two  lines  opposite  to  the  enemy,  and  upon  tin- 
advance  of  the  iiifiuitry,  to   take  gfround   to  the  left,  niid 
forming-  upon  tliat  flank  to  endeavor  to  turn  the  right  of  llu- 
Indians.     A  moment's  reflection,  however,  convinced   nu; 
that  from  the  Ihickiiess  of  the  woods  and  swampness  of  ilip 
g^ronml,  they  would  be  unable  to  do  any  thing  on  horse- 
back, and  there  was  no  time  to  dismount  them  and  plicr 
their  horses  in  security.     I  therefore  determined  -to   refuse 
my  left  to  the  Indians,   and  to  break  the   British   lines  at 
once  by  a  charge  of  the  mounted  infantry ;  the  measure 
^as  not  sanctioned  by  any  thing  I  had  ever  seen   or  heard 
of,  but  I  was  fully  convinced  that  it  would  succeed.    TI.^ 
American  back  woodsmen  ride  better  in  the  woods  than 
any  other  people.     A  musket  or  rifle  is  no  impediment  to 
them,  being  accustomed  to  them  from  their  earliest  youth. 
I  was  persuaded,  too,  that  the  enemy   would  'be  quite  niv 
prepared  for  the  shock,   and  that  they  could  not  resist  it, 
Conformable  to  this   idea,  I  directed  the  regiment  to  br 
drawn  up  in  close  column,  with  its  right  at  the  distance  of 
50  yards  from  the  road,  (that  it  might  be,  in  some  measure, 
protected  by  the  trees  from  the  artillery)  its  left  upon  llic 
swamp,  andtocharge  at  full  speed  assoonas  the  enemy  Imd 
delivered  theirfire.     Thefew  regular  troops  of  the'i7lh  re. 
giment,  under  Col.  Paul,  occupied  in  a  column  of  sections 
of  four,  the  small  .space  between  the  road  and  the  river,  for 
the  purpost^  of  seizing  the  enemy's  artillery,  and   some  ten 
or  twelve  friendly  Indians  to  move  under  the  bank.     The 
crotchet  formed  by  the  front  line,    and   Gen.  Desha's  divi- 
sion,  was  an  important  point.     At  that  place  the  venerable 
Governor  of  Kentnchy  was  posted,  who,  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
six,  preserves  all  the  vigor  of  youth,  the  ardent  zeal  which 
distinguished  him   in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  the  un- 
daunted bravery  w hich  he  manifested  at  Kings  mountain. 
With  my  uids-dc-camp,  the  acting  assistant  Adj.  General, 
Capt.  Butler,  my  gallant  friend  Com.  Perry,  who  did  inft 
the  honor  to  serve  as  my  volunteer  aid-de-camp,  and  Brii; 
Gen.  Cass,  who  having  no  command,  tendered  me  his  ib- 
sistance,  I  placed  myself  at  the  head  of  the  front  line  ot'in 
fantry,  to  du'ect  the  movements  of  the  cavalry,  and  give 
them  the  necessary  suppoil. 


h 


^ 


III^TOUV  OF  THE  WAR, 


227 


The  army  had  niovctl  on  in  this  order  bul  a  short  dis- 
tance) when  the  iiiotuiled  men  received  the  Hre  uf  the  Bri- 
tish line,  and  were  ordered  to  charj^e  ;  the  horses  in  ihe 
irontoflhe  cohunu  recoiled  from  the  fire;  another  was 
given  by  the  enemy,  and  our  column  at  length  getting  in 
niotion,  broke  through  the  enemy  with  irresislable  force. 
Ill  one  minute  the  contest  in  front  was  over  ;  the  British 
odicers  seeing  no  hope  of  reducing  their  disordered  ranks 
to  order,  and  our  mounted  men  wheeling  upon  them  and 
|)ouring  in  a  destructive  fire,  immediately  surrendered.  It 
IS  certain  that  three  only  of  our  troops  were  wounded  in 
tins  charge.  Upon  the  left,  however,  the  contest  was  moi;e 
.severe  with  the  Indians.  Col.  Johnson,  who  commanded 
on  that  flank  of  his  regiment,  received  a  most  galling  fife 
from  them,  which  was  returned  with  great  effect.  The 
Indians  stdl  further  lo  the  right  advanced  and  fell  in  with 
our  front  line  of  infantry,  near  its  junction  with  Desha's 
division,  and  for  a  moment  made  an  impression  upon  it. 
His  Excellency  Gov.  Shelby,  however,  brought  up  a  regi- 
ment to  its  support,  and  the  enemy  receiving  a  severe  fire 
in  front,  and  a  part  of  Johnson's  regiment  having  gained 
their  rear,  retreated  with  precipitation.  Their  loss  was 
very  considerable  in  the  action,  and  many  were  killed  in 
their  retreat. 

I  can  give  no  satisfactory  information  of  the  number  of 
Indians  that  were  in  the  action,  but  they  must  have  been 
considerably  upwards  of  1000.  From  the  documents  in 
my  possession,  (Gen.  Proctor's  official  letters,  all  of  which 
were  taken)  and  from  the  information  of  respectable  •inhn- 
bilants  of  this  Territory,  the  Indians  kept  in  pay  by  the 
British  were  much  more  numerous  t^ian  has  been  generally 
supposed.  In  a  letter  lo  Gen.  de  Koltenburgh,  ot  the  27th 
lilt.  Gen.  Proctor  speaks  of  having  prevailed  upon  3,-200  of 
the  Indians  to  accompany  him.  Of  these  it  is  (;er(^ani  thai 
50  or  00  Wyandot  warriors  abandoned  him.  < 

The  number  of  our  troops  were  certainly  greater  thifu 
that  of  the  enemy,  but  when  it  is  recollected,  that  they  had 
taken  a  position  that  elfectually  secured  their  flank,  whir.ji 
it  was  impossible  for  us  lo  turn,  and  that  we  could  not  prc^ 
sent  to  tliena  a  line  mofe  extended  than  Uieir  own,  it  will 
not  be  considered  arrogant,  to  claim  for  my  troops,  the 
jialm  of  superior  bravery . 


■* 


H 


I 
I 


i; 


I 


'ifi  ill 


! 


li 


w\ 


i 


..!JU 


h:-| 


IH    ^=11 


i| 


M 


i    )•' 

i 


l^il 


imi^n 


i: 


] ' 


^fi 


328 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAK. 


In  romtnunicntinpr  tothe  President,  through  you,  wir,  luy 
opinion  of  the  conduct  of  the  officers  who  served  under  nic, 
1  am  at  a  loss  how  to  mention  that  of  Gov.  SItelby,  i>eiiiir 
convinced  that  no  eulof^jum  of  mine  can  reach  his  merits. 
The  Governor  of  an  independent  slate,  greatly  my  superior 
in  years,  experience,  and  in  military  character,  he  placed 
himself  under  my  command,  and  was  not  more  remarkable 
for  his  zeal  and  activity,  than  for  the  promptitude  and  cheer- 
fulness with  which  he  obeyed  my  orders. 

On  the  day  oi  action,  6  pieces  of  brass  artillery  weretiik- 
en,  and  two  iron  24  pounders  the  day  before.  Several 
others  were  discovered  in  the  river  and  can  be  easily  procur- 
ed. Of  the  brass  pieces,  three  are  the  trophies  of  our  revo- 
lutionary  war,  that  were  taken  at  Saratoga  and  York,  and 
surrendered  by  Gen.  Hull. 

I  have  the  Honor  to  be,  &c. 

WILLIAM  H.  HARRISON. 

AMERICAN  LOSS. 

Killed?— wounded  22.  - ' "  ^V 

-'-       '  BRITISH   LOSS.  '(^";v 

^     Killed  112— wounded,  not  known — prisoners  634. 

The/ruits  of  Gen.  Harrison's  victory  independent  of  the 
great  advantages  obtained,  are  of  the  British  regular  army, 
609  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates,  2  Cols.  4 
Majors,  and  10  officers  of  the  line,  prisoners ;  and  12 
pieces  of  cannon,  6000  stands  of  arms,  5  gun-Woats,  and 
ammunition  and  stores  to  the  amount  of  1,000,000  of 
Dollars!! 


I-?.  1 


••  .1 


.JfM: 


»,l 


SPEECH  OF  TECUMSEH.* 

In  the  name  of  the  Indian   chiefs  and  warriors^  to   "Maj, 

Gen.  Proctor t  as  the  representatives  of  their  great  fatlur 

the  king. 

Father,  listen  to  your  children  !  You  have  them  now  all 
beiore  you. 

The  war  before  this,f  our  British  father  gave  the  hatchet 
to  his  red  children,  when  our  chiefs  were  alive. 

They  arc  now  dead.  In  that  war,  our  father  was  thrown 
on  his  back  by  the  Americans,  and  our  father  took  them  by 

«  Tuumsth  mu  fciUed  at  the  battU  of  the  Monwion  tomu.  Ui  w'}i> 
f  The  Rewtlulmuay  jvar. 


IIISTOFY  OF  T^E  WAR. 


229 

that 


ihe  hand  wilhoiit  our  knowledge  ;*  nnd  we  are  afraid 
uurtatlHT  will  do  so  again,  ut  this  time. 

Sumnifr  before  last,  when  1  came  forward  with  my  red 
brethren,  nnd  was  ready  to  take  up  the  iiutchet  in  favor  of 
our  Brilish  t'alher,  we  were  told  not  to  be  in  a  hurry,  that  he 
hud  not  yet  delerniined  to  figlit  the  Americans. 

Listen  ! — Wlien  war  was  declared,  our  father  stood  up 
and  gave  us  the  tomahawk,  and  told  us  that  he  was  then 
rrady  to  strike  ihe  Americans  ;  that  he  wanted  our  assist- 
ance ;  and  that  he  would  certainly  get  us  our  lands  back, 
which  t!  e  Americans  had  taken  from  us. 

Listen  ! — You  told  us,  at  that  time,  to  bring  forward 
our  families  to  this  place  ;  and  we  did  so;  and  you  pro- 
mised to  take  care  of  them,  and  that  they  should  want  for 
nothing,  while  the  men  would  go  and  tight  the  enemy. 
That  we  need  not  trouble  ourselves  about  the  enemy's  gar- 
rison; that  we  knew  nothing  about  them,  and  that  our  fa- 
ther would  attend  to  that  part  of  the  business.  You  also 
told  your  red  children,  that  you  would  take  good  care  of 
your  garrison  here,  wliich  made  our  hearts  glad. 

Listen  ! — When  we  were  last  at  the  Kapids,  it  is  true 
we  gave  you  little  assistance.  It  is  hard  to  tight  people, 
who  live  like  ground  hogs.f 

Father,  listen  !  Our  fleet  has  gone  out;  we  know  they 
have  fought ;  vie  have  heard  the  great  guns :  but  know^ 
nothing  of  what  has  happened  to  our  father,  with  one  arm. 
Our  ships  have  gone  on''  way,  and  we  are  much  astonished 
to  see  our  father  tying  up  every  thing  and  preparing  to 
ran  away  the  other,  without  iettmg  his  red  children  know 
what  his  intentions  are.  You  always  told  us  to  remain 
here,  and  take  care  of  our  lands  ;  it  made  our  hearts  glad 
to  hear  that  was  your  wish.  Our  great  father,  the  king,  it 
our  head,  and  you  represent  him.  You  always  told  us, 
that  you  would  never  draw  your  foot  off  British  ground  ; 
but^DOw,  father,  we  see  you  are  drawing  back,  and  we 
are  sorry  to  see  our  father  doing  so  without  seeing  the  ene- 
my. We  must  compare  our  father's  conduct  to  a  fat  ani- 
mal, that  carries  its  tail  upon  its  back,  but  when  affrighted, 
he  drops  it  between  his  legs  and  runs  off.    >       •-  -   £>  «.  i*.-- 

;  The  ladicma  nere  net  included  in  the  treaty  ofpfaec  in  178S.  *- 

\  Thu  Amaicam  hadfortifiid  Uienuelus  at  Uu  Hapitb.  • . 


if 


if 


(  ; 


I 


■>/ 


•iV 


m 


\M 


/ 


^' 


:i'l   !  fij 


•  ,  if 


(i  I 


J  '■ 


!   i 


'it 


230 


inSTORY  OF  TUE  WAR. 


Listen,  Father  !  The  Americans  have  iiotycl  dcrcated 
lis  by  land  ;  neither  are  we  Mure  thai  they  have  done  so  hy 
water  ;  xe  therefore,  wish  to  remain  here,  and  fi^ht  uuV 
ene:ny,  if  they  should  make  their  appearance.  li'  they  de- 
feat us,  we  will  then  retreat  with  our  father. 

At  the  battle  of  the  Rapids  last  war,  thu  Americans  -^^'r. 
tainly  defeated  us  ;  and  when  we  retreated  to  our  falher's 
ibrt  at  that  place  the  gates  were  shut  against  us.  We  ueic 
afraid  that  it  would  now  be  the  case  ;  bul  instead  of  ihut 
we  now  see  our  British  father  preparing'  to  uiarcli  out  of 
his  garrison. 

Father  /  You  have  got  the  arins  -.md  aniuiuiiitiun 
which  our  great  father  sent  for  his  red  children,  li  \ou 
have  an  idea  of  going^iway,  give  them  to  us  and  you  liiuy 
ffo  and  welcome,  foi  us.  Our  lives  are  in  the  hands  (  ,«; 
Great  Spirit.  We  are  determined  to  defend  our  la  lis, 
and  if  it  be  his  will,  we  wish  to  leave  our  bones  upon  them. 

Amherstburg,  Sept.  18,  1813. 


V 


Sy.  William  Henry  Harrison,  3Iaj.  Gen.  in  the  service  of 
the  V,  S.  commander  iu  chief  of  tlie  northwestern  urmy^ 
and  Oliver  Hazard  Ferry,  Capt.  in  the  Diavy,  and  cvm- 
manding  the  U,  S.  vessels  on  Lake  Erie, 
A  PROCLAMATION. 
Whereas,  by  the  combined  operations  of  the   land  and 
naval  forces  under  our  command,  those  of  the  enemy  with- 
in the  upper  district  of  Upper  Canada  h:>.ve  been  captured 
or  destroyed  ar>d  the  said  district  is  now  in  the  quiet  posses- 
•  jiion  of  our  troops  :  it  becomes  necessary  to  provide  for  its 
.government: — Therefore,    we  d    hereby     proclaim  ai.d 
hinake  known,  that  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  inhabi- 
^  tants,  and  the  laws  and  customs  of  the  couulry,  as  they  exist- 
^  ed  or  were  in  force  at  the  period  of  our  arrival,  shall  con- 
tinue to  prevail.     All  magistrates  and  other  civil  utficers 
are  to  resume  the  exercise  of  their  functions  ;    previoutily 
taking  an  oatli  to  be  faithful  to  the  government  of  the  U. 
.  States,  as  long  as  they  shall  be  in  possession  n<  th^j  countiy. 
,  Tiie  authority  of  all  militia  commissions  is  sii.spended  in 
said  district,  and  the  officers  required  to  give  Ibeir  parole, 
ia  such  way  as  the  officer ,  who   may  be  a^^pointed  by  the 
:  ccmmanding  Gen.  to  administer  the  goveriiment,  shull  di- 
rect. .     .   


'K. 


irisTORY  OF  iiii:  wab. 


)23t 


le  lantl  and 
enemy  ^^llh- 
een  ciplured 
I  quid  possc's- 
rovitle  for  i!s 
)rocla»m  ai.d 
'  ihe  inliabi- 
as  they  exist- 
kl,  shall  con- 
civil  ortit'ers 
;    previously 
ent  of  Ihe  I'. 

snupcnded  ill 
Iheir  l)arole, 
iiileil  by  the 

nenl,  sl»»n  i^'- 


Tlic  ii)lml>ilanls  of  Kaid  (listiict  arc  proiiii.>cil  protection 
Ui  their  persons  and  properly,  with  the  I'xreplion  of  those 
ca.'^cs  einbrac(!(l  by  the  proelauiution  t>f  Gen.  Proctor^  of 
llit' — ull.  which  is  declared  to  be  in  force,  and  the  powers 
Iherein  assumed  transfern  d  to  the  ol)icer|[appointed  to  ad- 
ini!iister  the  'government. 

Given  under  onrholtids  and  seal!),  at  Sandwich,  this  ITlh 
Oct.  1813. 

(Signed)  WM.  IIHAimiSON.    ' 

OJJVKRII.  PERKY. 

CHAUNCEV'S  VICTORY, 

Com.  Chauncey  to  the  Secrvtary  of  the  Navy, 

U.  S.  S.  Gen.  Pike,  Sackett's  Harbor,  Oct.  6,  181S. 

SIR — I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you,  that  I  arrived 
here  this  morning;,  with  five  of  the  enemy *«  vessels,  which 
1  fell  in  with  and  captured  last  eveinu;  off  the  Ducks. 
They  were  part  of  a  fleet  of  seven  sail  which  lell  York  on 
Sunday  with  234  troops  on  board,  bound  to  Kingston.  Of 
ihis fleet  five  were  captured,  one  burnt,  and  one  escaped; 
the  prisoners,  amounting  to  nearly  30U,  besides  having  Uit- 
wards  of  300  of  our  troops  on  board  from  Niagara,  induc- 
ed me  to  run  into  port  for  the  purpose  of  landing  both. 

I  have  an  additional  pleasure  in  informing  you,  that 
amongst  the  captured  vessels  are  the  late  IT.  S.  schs.  Julin 
and  Growler,  the  others  are  gun  vessels. 

I  have  the  !ionor  to  be,  \c. 

ISAAC  CHAUNCEY. 

Return  of  the  troops  of  H.  B.  l\Vs.  De   Watteville  regi- 
menty  captured  in  the  atmve  vessels. 
1  Major,  1  Capt.  3  subalterns,  I  surgeon,  10  sergeants,  4 
druuiniers  and  buglers,  202  rank  and  file. 

Officers  and  marines. — 1  Lieut.  2  master  («  mates,  36 
seauien  and  marines  of  the  royal  navy,  and  4  sailing  mas> 
tersof  the  provincial  navy. 

.1 .  GIBSON,  Inspector  Geri.^ 

Something  Sinyular. — About  the  1st  of  Oct.  1813.  Capt. 
Morgan,  of  the  rifle  corps  was  sent  from  SacketCs  Harbor, 
to  Gravelly  Point,  near  Kingston,  for  the  purpose  of  tak- 
ing possession  of  the  Point.  Seeing  an  English  schr.  gua 
boat,  he  coftcealed  his  mm,  about  ($0,  nnd   sent  a  small 


i!i' 


>■!  .     i 


ll 


iMllfl 


11 


202 


HlSTOhV  OF  THF.  WAR. 


M, 


I 


R- 


B| 


1 ' ' 

i 

1 

1: 

k  '1 

W 

'^  'I  .J 

boat  ulong  tlic  ibe  Hhore,  wliicli  they  espied,  and  gave 
cboite  to ;  our  men  landed,  and  took  to  the  woods ;  the  ene- 
my cuuie  near  shore,  mid  sent  a  party  after  the  fugitives, 
when  Morgan's  company  rusht-d  from  their  hiding  place, 
nnd  gave  them  such  a  reception,  as  either  to  kdl  or  wound 
every  one,  as  they  appeared  on  deck  ;  a  few  of  our  meu 
waded  out  and  took  posxessiou  of  the  gun  boat,  while  those 
on  shore  stood  ready  to  fire  at  the  first  man  who  made  hh 
appearance,  \\edid  not  lose  a  man  in  this  gallant  little 
exploit;  the  enemy  lost  3  killed — 7  wounded  and  50  pri- 
soners. 


Coin.  /?Of/;^cr*,  Sailed  from  Boston  the  23d  of  April,  1813, 
and  returned  to  Newport,  Sept.  26. — After  crossing  tlie 
Seas  in  almost  every  direction,  cruising  for  some  time  in  the 
British  channel,  and  on  the  coast  of  Norway,  without  see- 
ing a  public  vessel,  of  the  enemy's  excepting  i  74,  ami 
frigate  in  company,  which  chased  him  three  days,  often  no 
near  as  to  give,  and  receive  a  shot,  the  Com.  returnea  to 
port,  to  recruit  his  stores.  •  .  .  \ 

The  President  captured  ths  following  vessels  on  her 
cruise. — Brig  Kitty,  of  2  guns  and  12  men,  cargo  of  cod- 
fish ;  sent  into  France.  Packet  brig  Duke  of  Montrose, 
of  12  guns,  and  34  men  ;  sent  to  England  as  a  cartel,  wilb 
78  prisoners.  Letter  of  marque  brig  Maria,  of  14  guns, 
and  3e>  men ;  cargo  of  codfish,  sent  into  France.  Schr. 
Falcon,  of  2  guns,  and  11  men,  cargo  of  codfish,  sent  into 
France.  Brig  Jean,  burnt.  Brig  Daphne,  of  2  guns  and 
10  men, sunk.  Sh'p  Eliza  Swan,  of 8  guns,  and  49  men; 
cargo  of  blubber  oil,  ransomed  for  5000  pounds  sterlitij^. 
Brig  Albert,  can^o  of  pitch  and  tar,  burnt.  Barque  Lion, 
of  8  guns,  and  yd  men  ;  cargo  of  blubber  oil,  ransomed 
for  3000  pounds,  sterling.  Brig  Shannon,  cargo  of  rum, 
sugar,  and  molasses,  sent  into  the  United  Slates.  Brig 
Fly,  of  6  guns,  ind  10  men  ;  cargo  of  cofJ'ee,  sent  into  the 
United  States.  His  B.  M's  schooner  High  Flyer,  of /> 
guns,  5  oflicers,  tnd  34  men,  brought  into  Newport;  the 
High  Flyer  was  stid  at  auction  for  eleven  thousand  dollars, 


i.«. . 


Col.  Clarke  to  the  ISccrttury  oj  War. 

Camp, Chazey-Landing,  Oct.  15, 1813. 
It  is  wilb  great  pleasure  I  can  inform   you  oi  a  success* 
I'lil  attack  upon  the  enemy  at  Massesquoi  bay,  on  the  morn- 


HTSTORV  or  nzn  WAR. 


2^9 


\n^  of  Uir  1-2ili  iiiHt.  At  this  lime  I  hud  only  the  riflemeti 
with  me,  the  artillery  ninvinf[^  slow  and  the  miiitin  protect- 
w{r  Iheir  rear.  Wc  proceeded  to  the  village  (Masses- 
quoi)nnd  arrived  within  15  4H)(ls  of  the  enemy  before  we 
were  discovered.  iVe  found  themdra;vn  up  under  Major 
Powell  in  a  mann<ir  that  would  have  nniioyed  us  much,  had 
we  nttacked  them  by  waiter,  but  wholly  unprepared  to  de- 
f<>nd  themselves  on  the  laud  Nidet-^they  commenced  a  fire 
on  the  left  Hunk,  but  in  ten  minutes  after  the  first  attack 
(hey  laid  down  thuir  arms  and  surrendered  tiiemselves  pris- 
oners of  war.  **i''*iUi  J  ')li   —  Mi»«i-n   H.  i  .»  it  1 

UitileratandinfT  that  a  force  of  200  men  under  Col  I^ck 
was  marching  to  attack  us,  I  despatched  Capt.  Finch  with 
his  company  to  reconnoitre  them  and  ascertain  their  course. 
He  proceeiied  with  such  |>romptness  and  ability  as  to  sur- 
prise and  capture  the  advanced  ^nsrd,  consistmg  of  cav- 
alry, excepttni^  one  man  who  escaped,  and  givmg  the  iu- 
lormation,  the  enemy  retreated.  tUi-x^  ft]  i      .» ■ » i,;o»i  m  i >^/ 

The  prisoners  were  then  put  on  board  our  boats  and  sent 
1(1  Hurl ins^ion.  Our  whole  force  engaged  was  102 — the 
number  of  prisoners  taken   is    101  ;  thetr  killed^',  and 

woniuled  14.  .,.  -     ,   i 

I  am,  :ir,  with  respect,  &c.     ''    .  ■   ;^   •  .f     ■'.*■'  ;\ 
..u.,,u  v^iiiiil-iiotlJ  .r-.t^uiii  Vr  ,'iH  ISAAC  CLARKE. 


'■(r  vti  iKi. 


Massacre  at  fori  jfensaw.— The  following'  particulars 
of  the  massacre  at  fort  Tensuw,  is  received  from  Jutdge 
Toulmin,  of  Mobile. 

*  The  dreadful  catastrophe  which  we  have  been  some- 
time expecting,  has  at  length  taken  place  ;  the  Indians 
have  broken  in  upon  us  in  numbers  and  fury  unexampled. 
A  few  days  before  the  attack,  (Sept.  1)  some  negroes  of 
Mr.  Girt'vHwho  lived  in  that  part  of  the  Creek  territory 
which  is  inb^^.bited  by  half  breeds,  had  been  sent  up  the 
Alabama  to  his  plantation  for  corn  ;  three  ofUiem  were 
taken  by  a  party  o'i  Indians.  Oite  escaped  and  brought 
down  news  o'  the  approach  of  the  Indians.  The  officer 
gave  but  little  credit  to  him,  but  they  made  some  further 
preparation  to  receive  the  enemy,  and  ou  Saturday  and 
Sunday  considerable  work  was  done  to  put  the  fort  in  a 
state  of  defence.  Sunday  morning  tliree  negroes  were 
sent  out  to  attend  the  cattle,  who  soon  returned  with  an  ao- 

30 


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HISTORY  OI  XHK  WAK. 


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count  (hat  they  had  iecn  20  ludiaos. ^-Scouts '  were  ^cnt 
out  to  asc'erlniu  the  truth  of  the  report ;  they  relumed  uod 
declared  they  could  see  no  sig^s  of  Indiaut.  One  of  Uic 
negroes  belonging  to  Mr.  llandon  was  Mrhinped  for  bnug. 
ingV  ^but  ihe}  deemed,  a  false  reporl.' — He  was  sent  uut 
again  on  Muiiuay»  and  saw  a  body  of  Indians  approach- 
ing ;  but  atraid  vf  being  whipped,  he  did  not  return  to 
Mini's  but  to  Piercers  fort;  but  before  hjsstory  roulii  be 
eoniniunicaled,  the  attack  was  made.  The  commanding 
oiiicer  culled  upon  Mr.  Fletcher,  wiio  owned  another  of 
the  negroes,  to  whip  him  also. — He  believed  the  boy,  and 
resisted  two  or  three  appltcutions  ;  but  at  length  they  hud 
him  actually  brought  out  fortlie  purpose,  when  the  Indians 
a|)peared  in  view  of  the  fort.  The  gate  was  open.  The 
luiliaiis  had  to  come  through  an  open  field  lOOyarili 
wide,  before  they  could  reach  the  fort,  and  yet  they  wen 
within  '6i>  steps  of  tjiiie  fort  at  11  in  the  morning,  l>efore  they 
were  noticed.  The  sentry  then  gave  the  cry  of  *  Indians! 
when  they  immediately  setup  a  most  terrible  war-lioo|i 
and  rushed  into  tlie  gate  with  inconceivable  rapidity,  and 
got  witliin  it  before  the  peojile  of  the  fort  had  an  opportu- 
nity of  shutting  it.  This  decided  their  fate.  Major  Bease- 
ly  was  shot  through  tlie  belly  near  the  gate; 

*■  These  was  a  large  body  of  Indians,  though  they  pruba> 
biy  did  not  exceed  400.  Our  people  seemed  to  sustain  the 
attack  with  undaunted  9|>irit.  They  took  possession  ot 
he  port  lioles  in  the  outer  lines  of  the  fort  and  tired  ou  the 
Indians  who  remained  in  the  field.  Sotttc  of  tlie  Indians 
gt^l  upon  the  block  house  at  one  of  ihe  corners ;  butuflci 
firing  a  good  deal  down  npon  the  people  they  were  diiilod«r- 
ed.  They  succeeded  however  in  setting  tire  to  a  huase 
near  the  pickets,  from  which  it  was  communicated  to  the 
kitchen  and  fi'om  tbence  to  the  main  dwelting  house. 
Ti?ey  attempted  to  do  it  by  burning  arrows,  but  failed. 
When  the  people  in  the  fort  saw  the  Indians  retained  full 
possession  of  the  outer  court,  thai  the  gate  continued  open, 
that  their  men  fell  very  fast,  and  that  their  houses  were  in 
flames,  they  began  to  despond.  Some  determined  to  cut 
their  way  through  the  pickets  and  escape.  Of  the  vvhoic 
number  of  white  men  and  half-breeds  in  the  fort,  it  is  sup- 
]x>sed  that  )»ot  more  than  25  or  i30  escaped,  and  of  these 
mjiny  were  wounded.    The  rest,  and  -almost  ;\1I  the  mo- 


'« 


HISTORY  OP  TnV  WAR. 


;A6 


,neii  anfl  cliildrni  ff;)l  a  jtarrificfl  tilher  to  \\\c  wmn  of  llie 
(lid  ions  or  to  the  flames.  The  biittlo  Uksied  alioat  fi%e 
iKHirs  and  a  half. 

*  When  the  buildings  were  hnrningf  And  the  fewwho  re-" 
mnincd  were  cxpcHed  to  the  henvy  tire  of  ihe  enemy,  they 
lollected  as  many  as  they  e<Mild  of  the  giinii  of  the  dMeas- 

il,  and  threw  both  them  i.od  the  remuinuig  stock  of  am- 
niuiiitioii  into  the  flames,  to  prevent  their  becouiin^  snbsiT* 
vJRiitin  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  to  the  destruction  of  their 
tcliow  citizens.  Surely  this  was  an  instance  of  determined 
resolution  and  benevolent  foresight  of  which  then'c  are  not 

lanv  examples,  vtbtsu  tt  rfi««vn«ii  hri*  ir-? .  >:tiu  \*,v  .b>l{ivC 
'  Notwilhstandinif  the  hraverj  of  our  fellpw  citizens,  the 
[iidians  carried  all  before  them,  and  murdered  the  armed 
mid  the  helpless  without  <liscrimination.  Our  \ohh  is  7 
oommisyioned  oflicers,  and  about  100  non-commissioned 
off'cers  ond  privates,  of  the  first  regiment  of  Mississippi 
Territory  volunteers.  There  were  about  24  famdiesof 
men,  women,  and  children  in  the  fort,  of  whom  almost  all 
have  perished,  amounting  to  about  160  souls.  I  reckon, 
however,  among  them  about  six  families  of  half-breeds, 
and  7  Indians.  There  were  also  about  100  negroes,  iif 
whom  a  large  proportion  were  killed.* 

Gens.  fVilkinsoH  and  Hampton.-^Thase  two  Generals 
made  an  attempt  to  take  Montreal  about  the  1st  of  Nov. 
1813.  Gen..  Hampton  was  stationed  at  Piattsburgh,  and 
was  to  meet  Gen.  Wilkinson  at  French  Mills;  having 
succeeded  in  marching  through  the  forest  24  miles  in  one 
(liiy,  by  way  of  Ghatauguay,  and  entering  upon  tlie  seeond 
lar<>;e  forest,  his  guides  left  him,  which  occasioned  the  army 
tu  halt  for  three  or  four  days;  in  the  meun  time  our  troops 
aUem|)ted  the  enemy *s  breast-work,  thrown  up  in  the  woods 
by  falling  trees,  digging  ditches,  &c.  and  succeeded  in 
completely  driving  him  from  his  position  ; — a  {mrty  sent 
rouiul  to  intercept  their  retreat  was  met  by  one  of  coiisi<W 
erable  force  and  obliged  to  retire. — Here  some  mijfUnder->^ 
itiiiiding  took  place  between  the  two  Generals  on  account 
of  the  place  of  meeting;  which,  Anally  contributed  lai-gdy 
to  overthrow  the  expedition.  Hampton  immediately  or- 
dered his  men  back  to  winter  quarters,  in  this  Jarce 
wp  lost  34    men    killed   ami  missing. — Gen  Wilkinson 


I 


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036 


HiirroBY  or  tiiu  wau. 


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■    'it 

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i 

iii 


M'os  sUliuneil  at  ^»ckeU*«  iliirl>or,  nnd  coiivo.yuii  Iiim  nriny 
4k>viri)  tiie  St.  Lawi  eiire  in  bosUn,  The  enemy  uliout  iMhm>, 
from  Prencolt,  Kingslun,  Ace.  hung  on  hiit  re»r,  nnii  liar- 
raniied  him  continnnllv  OnrHrniy  arrived  ul  WilliHniH. 
bur§^«tbe  lllh  uf  Nov.  and  wa%  obliged  Knfuve  vbwit  imd 
attack  the  enemy  to  save  Ihuir  bu|iif|i^a|s;c>.  The  forceN  were 
about  equally  strong-,  baviu^*:  tVom  I;^  lo  li'iOO  men  enyruyp^d ; 
each  gave  wuy  by  turns — our  meu  getting-  out  of  anunu. 
nitioilf  left  the  fieltl  of  action  unmobtitedt  and  pasHed  duwii 
the  Nlreig^btM,  \%itliout  KetMu^i;' llie  enemy  aguiih  We  luxt 
iu  thiH  buttle  102  t^oii>cuniqiisiiioned  ofiicertf  und  privates 
killed,  237  officers  and  privates  wounded,  with  one  ticid 
piece. and  several  sfandot'  arms  :  3  oHicftrH  and  28  privates 
of  the  wounded  were  ttiken  prisoners.  At  Cornwall  Gen, 
Wilkinson  iirst  received  intelligence  of  the  difl'ereiit  ruule 
Gen.  Hampton  had  taken  ;  a  council  of  General  otiicei-s 
i^as  held,  and  it  was  agreed  best  to  abandon  the  expedition. 

AMFkjiCAN  loss. 
Jiff  i'     Killed  122 — wonnded  261 — mitising  31. 

>,jrt«>bn  <      .»'lMt!^       BRITISH  LOSS.     s.scfKr  ■ -bxiiJiVti'.  i 

•  vxL?'     Killed  210-^wounded  248 — prisoners  VI.  r^- 


btu:  .'.i;'!f,.i^^'l/     i     CREEK  WAH.      t<Tr.i.l  *iiw4> 
*  ( : t  ip  '  ;  'f\     i^en,  JavhoH  to  Gov,  Blounl, 

Camp  at  Ten  Islands,  Nov.  4,1813. 
Siii-^We  have  retaliated  foi*  the  destruction  of  fort 
Minis.  Oik  the  2d  mst,  J  detached  Geu.  Coffee  with  a 
p^t  of  his  brigade  of  cavalry  and  mounted  riflemen,  to  tie* 
tiU'Qy  T^tllushatches,  where  a  considerable  force  of  the  lioii- 
tile  CiMeeks  were  coacenti'aled»  The  General  executed 
this  intitiie.  A  hundred  and  eighty ^six  of  the  enemy  were 
found  dead  on  the; field,  and  about  eighty  taken  prisoners; 
forty  of  whom  have  been  brought  here  In  the  iiunil)€i 
left,  there  is  a  sufficiency  but  slightly  wounded  to  take  cartt 
of  those  who  are  badly.     ,ft ,  <  ..Ui^iijr  t,,  .,.,r  -  ..» 

J.  herein  enclose  Gen.  Coffee'^  official  report  of  theacliou. 
i':^'vn>  I  hav^lhe  honor  lo  be,  &c. 
i.o.fi!.u  /,     ,  N>  --.  .  ..  -   AWDREW  JACKSO]?«. 


HI*rrOHY  OF  TlflS  WA». 


387 


■fsi  :•;  I'joa 


^,n  '|M  Ui'odU  ./,V^.  CoffTC  lo  Gen.  Jurkntm, 

Cvim|i  at  Ten  NHiias,  Ntiv.  4,  If)  13. 
SIK — I  had  the  lioiiur  yestcrilHy,  of  trauMniittitig  you  & 
nhurt  ticcoiiiit  of  ail  tiiif»  aj^^t'iiieiit  thul  look  place  tietween  u' 
ileltt  chmciit  of  about  niite  hundred  meu  from  my  bhgade, 
with  the  eiiMiiy  ul  TalluiilintcheH  towns ;  the   particulars 
whereof  1  bet;  leave  hereui  to  recite  to  you.     PnriiUaiit   to 
vour  onler  of  the  2d,  1  lietaiU  i  from  my  brigade  of  cav- 
alry uiid  mounted  riflemen,  nine  hundred  men  and  officers, 
aiiu  )>rocc;«ded  direrlly  to  the  Taliuithatches  towns,   cros- 
sing; Coo;  ey  river  at  the  Fish  Dam  ford,  5 or  4  miles  above 
this  place.     I  arrived   within  one  and  a  half  miles  of  the 
town  (dtslaiit  from  this  place  south>east  eight  miles)  on  the 
inoniiiig  of  the  ^d,  at  which  place  f  divided  my  detach- 
nient  into  two  columns,  the  right  composed  of  the   cavalry 
commanded  by  Col.  AUcorn,  to  cross  over  a  largp   creek 
that  lay  between  us  and  the  towns  ;  the  left  colunnn  was  of 
the  mounted  riflemen  under  the  command  of  Col.  Cannon, 
with  whom  I  marched  myself.  Col.  Allcorn  wsa  ordered  td 
march  up  on  the  right  and  encircle  one  half  of  the  town;  nnd 
atthesametimethe  left  would  foriha  half  circleon  the  l^ft,  arid 
unite  the  head  of  the  columns  in  front  of  the  town  ;  all  of 
which  was  performed  as  I  could  wish.     When  I  arrived  in 
half  a  mile  of  the  towns,  the  drums  of  the  enemy  began  to 
beat,  mingled  with  their  savage  yells,  preparing  for  action;' 
It  was  after  sun-rise  an  hour,  when  the  action  was  brought^ 
on  by  Capt.  UamniOiid  and  Lieut.  Pattersotrs  compaiiieii,' 
who  had  gone  on  within  the  circle   of  alignment  tor  the' 
purpose  of  drawing  out  the  enemy  from  their  buildings, 
which  had  the  most  happy  eft'ects.     As  soon  as  Capt.  Ham- 
mond exhibited  his  front  in  view  of  the  town,  f  which!  stood  ^ 
in  open  woodland)  and  gave  a  few  scattering  shot,  the  en-' 
emy  formed  and  niade  a  violent  charge  on  hi  in ;  he  gav6 
way  as  they  advanced,  until  they  met  our  right  cohimn  ; 
which  gave  them  a  general  fire  and  then  chargM;-this 
changed  the  direction  of  charge  Completely ;  the  enemy 
retreated,  firing,  until  they  got  around  and  in  their  bniicl-' 
ings,  where  they  made  all  the  resistance  that  an  overpow- 
ered soldier  could  do  ;  they  fought  as  long  as  one  existed, ' 
but  their  destruction  was  very  soon  completed  ;  oilir  men 
rushed  up  to  the  door^i  of  the  houses,  and  in  a  few  minutes 
killed  the  last  warrior  of  them;  the  enemy  fought  with  sav- 


\      I 


mm^ 


'2iiH 


1di»4UMr  OF  THK  WAR. 


i^:infii.| 


fl 


i! 


Mill 


1 

1 

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i  1 

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1 

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! 
1 

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i'  i 

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11 


! 


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ago  fury,  uttd  lUttldealb  wilb  nil  iU  horrors,  wilhuut  slirmk. 
in^  or  complaining^ ;  not  one  (iftked  to  b<>  npured,  bill  I'uik^U 
80  long  as  tliey  could  stand  or  kit.  In  consequence  ot  thi'ir 
flying  to  their  houses  and  mixing  witli  tlue  lamdies,  our 
men  in  killing*  the  males,  without  intentioD,  killed  :\ik1 
mounded  a  few  squnws  and  children,  which  w«m  rt'ii^rillod 
by  every  officer  and  soldier  of  the  detachment,  but  uhich 
could  not  be  avoided.  Not  one  of  the  warriors  escaped  to 
carry  the  news,  a  circumstance  unknown  heretofore. 
.^..  ,...      .  a  JiNO.  COFFEE. 

i»mW. /,!.iii  1  lo.      AMERICAN   IX)SS. 

ult'to  -»i<«fi  iliif!  Killed  a— Wounded  41..  ,u  \/  .uihw  *„ 

nUtyK)  [."tiUi  l»i«;j»(  liHITISH    LO!IS„<ll  .,ji,4ilni;}A*t))  I'V. 

.«>»ri*jb  /lii.h    KiHed  180— Prisoners  84.  -H   tt>   ^  ;f.ni  i, 
/'j!jr/»rj    .*■.;  ~~~~  »•»  JT/i  ik.'Hi  ji.  II  . 

\'i'w>  -*t,-i  Gen.  Jackson  to  Gov.  Blount.  ^ 

Camp  Ten  Islands,  Nov.  11, 1813. 
\^EjL'tract.]  SIR — 1  am  just  returned  from  an  excursion 
which  I  took  a  few  days  ago,  and  hasten  to  acquauit  ^ou 
with  the  result.  , ,,,  ,^  ,.,  ,,ti,.  j,^,,  ,  ^ui  im  t}ti\ii 

Late  On  the  evening  of  the  7th  inst.  a  runner  arrived 
fromtlic  friendly  party  in  Lashley*s  fort,  (Taledega)  dis- 
tant: about  30  miles  below  us,  with  the  iiiformatioti 
that  the  hostile  Creeks,  in  great  force  had  encamped  near 
the  place,  and  were  preparing  (t^^estroy  it ;  and  earnestly 
entreated  tl>at  I  would  lose  no  lime  in  affording  relief. 
Urged  by  their  situation  as  well  as  by  a  wish  tp  mee<^.  the 
enemy  so  soon  as  an  opportunity  would  ofter,  I  determMi. 
ed  upon  commencing  my  march  thither  with  all  my  di;>('C>- 
sable  force  ;  we  encamped  that  night  within  six  miles  of 
the  fort  I  had  set  out  to  relieve.  At  sun  rise  we  came 
within  half  a  mile  of  theii^,  qnd  having  formed  my  men,  I 
inovedon  in  battle  order.  The  infantry  were  in  three 
lines-^the  militia  on  the  lei't  and  the  volunteers  og  the 
*right.  The  cavalry  formed  the  extreme  wings :  and  were 
ordered  to  advance  in  acu}t;e,  keeping  their  rear  connect- 
ed with  the  advance  of  the  infantry  lines,  and  to  enclose 
the  enemy  in  a  circle.  The  advanced  guard  whom  I  sent 
forward  to  bring  on  the  engagement,  met  the  attack  of  the 
enemy  with  great  intrepidity  ;  and  having  poured  upon 
them  four  or  five  very  gallaiit  rounds,  fell  back  as  they 
had  been  previously  ordered,  to  the  main  army.  The  ene- 
my pursued,  and  the  front  line  was  now  ordered  to  advance 


L18I3. 
extiursion 
uaiut  vou 
It  ttii\  t!  >  I  c. 
,er  arrived 
ileg.i)  tlis- 
iitormation 
mpetl  rie-rtr 
deariiesliy 
ii)^   relief. 

luue*^,  the 

delermiii^ 

my  tli:»i''0- 

K  miles  of 

we  came 
my  men,  I 
•e  in  three 
era  op  the 
:  aiwl  were 
ir  cownecU 

to  endow 
^liom  1  sent 

lack  of  the 

ureii  upon 
2k  as  they 
The  ene- 

to  advance 


lIltTORY  OF  fnm  WAft. 


2'M 


and  meet  hiv ;  the  ftre  became  {general  along  tlie  tint  linp, 
»iid  on  that  part  ol'  the  %ing«  which  were  conticifiiaiit». 
The  enemy;  unable  to  stand  it,  tie^ii  to  retreat ;  ImU  wci« 
met  ul  every  tdrii,  and  pursiiL-d  in  overy  direction.  'Vh* 
n\*Ui  wiiif^  cha»ed  them  with  a  ni<Mt  deotnictive  tire  to  the 
iiiuiHitaiiis,  a  distance  of  about  a  miles;  the  victory  how* 
f've  was  very  decisive.— When;ver  they  run  thty  lell 
Irat'i's  of  blood  ;  and  it  is  l)elievcd  that  very  few  will  re. 
iiini  lo  their  villagCN  in  an  Moiind  u  condition  as  they  left 
ilieni.  I  was  comiielled  to  return  to  this  place  to  protect 
ilie  sick  ai;d  woflnded,  and  t^tl  my  bu<rgage. 
lnha.stt>  I  have  thehonortobe,  &c.  . 

ANDREW  JACKSON. 

AMERICAN  LOSS. 

Killed  lA — wounded  15. 

BRITISH   LOSS. 

Killed  290 — wounded  not  known. 

ii^;    J  

I      ti.'i«'r.'i!*>  Gen.  White  $0  Oen.  Coche.         "••>    V 

Fort- Armstrong,  Nov.  24, 181Ji. 
[Extract]  SIR— In  mine  of  the  19tli  inst.  by  Major 
Outlaw,  1  promised  voq  a  detailed  report,  respecting,  the 
detachment  ordered  by  you  to  the  Hillibee  towns,  in  tlio 
Creek  nation,  in  compliance  with  thtit  promise,  I  have 
now  the  honor  to  state — that  under  your  order  of  the  lltb 
inst.  I  immediately  marched  with  the  mounted  infantry,  un- 
der the  immediate  command  of  Col.  Rnrch.  The  cavalry 
under  the  command  of  iMaj.  Porter,  and  a  lew  of  the  Che- 
rokee Indians  under  the  command  of  Col.  Morgan,  with 
very  short  rations  for  four  da)  s  only.  After  destroying  two 
villages  containing  123  I>ouses,  we  marched  to  the  Hillibee 
tuwii,  consisting  of  about  20  houses,  adjoining  which  was 
Grayson's  farm. — ^Previous  to  our  arrival  at  that  place,  I 
was  advised  that  a  part  of  the  hostile  Creeks  were  assem- 
bled there.  Having  marohed  within  six  or  seven  miles  of 
it  on  the  17th,  I  disnK)uiited  a  part  of  the  force  under  my 
comrajinfi.  and  sent  them  under  the  command  of  Col. 
Burch,  with  the  Cherokees  under  the  command  of  Col. 
Morgan,  in  advance,  to  surround  t|ie  town  in  the  night, 
-and  made  the  attack  at  day  light  on  ihe  IBth.  Owing  to 
tlie  darkness  of  the  nigltt,  the  to  yn  was  not  reached  until 
^fterday  ligh^— IxU  so  coniplele  ^^•a»*  tho  snnn*i'<e.  lint,  wr* 


il! 


H 


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I 


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M 


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340 


UiaT^RT  OF  THC  WUt< 


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!        1 1 

'  1  if 

flucceedcd  in  (varrounding^  the  town,  and  kttli«^and  captur- 
ing alm<Mt(if  not  eutirely)  ibe  whole  oi'  the  ho«iile  Crrrks 
assembled  Iheret  cunsifiting  of  about  dlO,  of  ulMch  nnuiber 
about  60  warriors  were  killed  on  the  spot,  fUMl  the  re- 
mainder made  prisonier».  r  We  last  not  one  drop  of  blooil 
in  accomplisliing  Ibis  enterprise.  We  destroyed  Ibis  vi|. 
Jage  ;  ^nd,  in  obedience  to  yoiir  orders,  commenced  our 
march  (Vh*  this  post,  which  we  .were  unable  to  reitch  until 
ye.sterdoy.  .'oiJi'fMo*  r.  hni>nt>  y,i  iUfM*h\\rt  -t^^V^'',  t.^. 
iVilo'.    I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

...M  JAMES  WHITE. 

AMERICAN  I.OSS.':    >.i.     j  ... 
'':0-i>l-)/.L    /  !    None. 

BRITISH  LOSS. 

Killed  t)O^Pri.souers  2o0. 

Gen.  FUnjdio  Gen.  Pinhneif 

Catahou(  he,  Dec.  4,    1813. 

lExlracL]  SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  comnninic ate  lo 
yon  an  account  of  the  action  fought  on  the  20th.  ull.he- 
tween  part  of  the  force  Under  my  command,  and  a  large 
body  of  the  Creek  Indians.  Having  received  inforraalion  th;it 
the  hostile  Indians  were  assembled  at  Autossee,  1  proceed- 
ed thither  with  the  force  under  my  command,  accompanied 
by  about  300  friendly  Indians.  We  encsimped  the  *28th, 
at  night,  within  ten  miles  of  our  place  of  destination,  ami 
the  next  morning  by  half  past  G,  were  formed  for  action  in 
front  of  the  town.  v-.  i.  .in-i.ii'is'f}  ;  l 

It  was  my  intention  to  have  completely  surroundec'  the 
rnemy,  by  appayimj  the  right  of  my  force  on  Canlehf 
creek,  at  the  mouth  of  which,  I  was  informed,  the  town 
stood  ;  and  resting  the  left  on  the  river  below  the  town;— 
but  to  our  surprise,  as  day  dawned,  we  perceived  a  second 
town  600  yards  below  Autossee.  The  plan  of  al- 
luck  was  immediately  changed ;  five  companies  immpdi- 
ately  surrounded  the  lower  town,  and  the  remainder  attack- 
ed the  upper.  The  battle  now  became  general.  The  In- 
<lians  presented  themselves  at  every  point,  and  fought  with 
the  despeiate  bravery  of  real  fanatics ;  but  the  well  direct- 
ed tire  of  the  artillery,  with  the  charged  bayotiet,  soon  iorred 
them  to  take  shelter  in  their  houses,  and  many,  it  is  believ- 
ej,  secured  themselves  in  caves  previously  prepared  iallie 


HIS'TORY  OF  THE  WiB. 


Ml 


hiirh  !)aBk  of  ll»e  rir^^r.  TKe  friendly  IndiaiM  were  lo  cross 
the  r'lTer  above  the  town,  for  (he  purpose  of  taking  such  a« 
nirght  alltimpt  to  esstipe ;  hut  owing  lo  the  coldness  of  the 
Witter,  thej  declined,  after  making  the  attempt :  they  cross* 
f-d  the  creek,  ilYronged  to  our  flanks  and  fought  with  an  in- 
h^pidiiy  worthy  of  any  troops.  At  9  o'clock,  the  enemy 
was  completely  driven  from  '^.e  plain,  and  the  houses  of 
hoth  towns  wrapped  in  flames,  to  the  numi)er  of  about  400. 
It  is  diflicult  to  determine  the  strength  of  the  enemy,  but 
the  chiefs  say  there  were  assembled  the  warriors  of  eight 
towns,  for  the  defence  of  Autossee,  it  being  their  beloved 
(Trnand,  on  which,  they  proclaimed,  no  white  mun  couUI 
nppraach  without  inevitable  destruction.  } ;  u  J  .* .aLii 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  8cc.  .  ^ 

^  JOHN  FLOYD.    , 


Killed  11- 


AMEItlCAN  LOSS. 
-wounded  54. 


BRITISH   LOSS. 
Killed  200 — wounded  not  known,  il 


;:■■.-?  >"'■;  <y 


fUi 


Cren.  Claih9lme  t9  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Fort  Clail»orne,  Jan.  1st,  1814.. 
[E^'/rac<]SIR— On  the  13lh  ult.  I  marched  a  detachment 
from  this  post  with  a  view  of  destroying  the  towns  of  the 
inimical  Creek  Indians,  on  the  Alabama,  above  the  mouth 
ot'tle  Cahaba.  After  having  marched  about  eighty  miles, 
from  the  best  information  1  couid  obtain,  I  was  within  thir- 
ty miles  of  a  town  newly  erected  on  a  ground  called  Holy, 
occupied  by  a  large  body  of  th^  enemy,  .iider  the  command 
of  Wilherford,  the  half  breed  chief.  On  the  morning  of 
the  22d,  the  troops  resumed  their  line  of  march;  chiefly 
through  woods  without  a  track  to  guide  them.  When  near 
the  town  on  the  morning  of  the  2dd  my  disposition  for 
attack  was  made. — The  troops  advanced  in  three  columns. 
With  the  centre  column  I  advanced  myself,  ordering  Les- 
ter's guards  and  WelVs  troop  of  dragoons  to  act  as  a  corps 
of  reserve.  About  noon  the  right  column  composed  of  the 
twelve  month's  volunteers,  commanded  by  Col.  Joseph 
Garson,  came  in  view  of  the  town  called  £cc;anachaca  (or 
Holy  Ground )and  was  immediately  vigorously  attacked  by 
the  enemy,  who  were  apprized  of  our  approach,  and  .had 
chosen  thoir  field  of  action. 

31 


•'Y 


1,  !-J 


'I-      .1 


JN 


■1 


245 


niSTORT  OF  THE  WAR. 


'W 


Before  the  centre,  comniantled  by  Lieut  Col.  Russell^ 
"with  a  part  of  the  3d  regiment  of  U.  S.  infantry  and  mouiiU 
ed  militia  riikmen,  or  the  left  column)  M/hich  was  compi»i». 
ed  of  militia  and  a  party  of  Choctaws  under  Pu&hamuttaha. 
commanded  by  ^!aj.  Smoot,  of  militia,  who  were  ordered 
to  charge,  couldcome  generally  into  aclioa,  the  enemy  were 
repulsed  and  were  flying  in  all  directions,  and  many  of  theni 
casting  away  th4;ir  arms. 

A  pursuit  was  iiununiiately  ordered  Imtfrom  the  nature 
of  tile  coonlry,  nolhinj^  w  as  etfected.  The  town  was  near- 
ly surrounded  by  swamps  and  deep  ravmes,  which  render- 
ed our  approach  difficult,  and  facilitated  the  esca^'C  oi'tlu- 
enemy,  fn  the  town  we  found  a  large  quantity  of  provi. 
sions.and  immense  properly  of  various  kinds,  whicli  the 
enemy,  flying  precipitately,  were  obliged  to  leave  bphii.d, 
and  which,  together  with  two  hundred  houses  were  de- 
stroyed. ..,. .       (  ;       " 

The  next  day  was  occupied  in  destroying  a  town  con- 
sisting  of  sixty  houses,  eight  miles  higher  up  the  river,  ami 
in  taking  and  destroying  the  enemy's  boats.  At  the  town 
last  destroyed  was  killed  three  Indians  of  some  dislinc- 
tion. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 


M 


i  a: 


.!  FERD.  L.  CLAIBORNE. 

i)    .  AMERICAN  LOSS,      i 

,.:    i.'    Killed  1 — Wounded  G» 

BRITISH  LOSS.  f^^..^^  j,,,  j. 

Killed  33 — wounded  not  known. 


■ii:;it 


in 


,   li:  •  Gen,  Floyd  lo  Gen.  Pinhney. 

■  ':..    i '  .  Camp  Defiance,  Jan.  27,  1814. 

[Extract.^  SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  acquaint  your  ex- 
ceil'-Micy  that  this  morning  iit  20  minutes  past  5  o'clock,  a 
very  large  body  of  hotile  Indians  made  a  desperate  attack 
upon  the  army  under  my  command.  They  stole  upon 
the  centinels,  fired  on  them,  and  with  great  impetuusitji 
rushed  upon  our  line  :  in  20  minutes  the  action  became 
general,  and  our  front,  right,  and  left  flanks  were  closely 
pressed,  but  the  brave  and  gallant  conduct  of  the  field  and 
line  oflicers,  and  the  firmness  of  tlie  men,  repelled  thetaat 
every  point.  .^  . .  <    ,    , 


f;: 


inSTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


24t 


Tlie  aleady  firmnes-s  and  inressjinl  fire  of  Cap!.  Thomas' 
nrliHci^yt  and  Capt.  Adiinis'  riflenu'n,  pr*>Hcrved  our  front 
lines.  '  The  enemy  rushed  within  30  yardn  of  the  artillery, 
and  C.ipt.  Brodiiax,  who  coniin  imlt-d  one  of  the  piquet 
guards,  mauitained  his  post  wilh  jL^reat  bravery,  until  the 
enemy  gained  his  rear,  and  then  cut  his  way  through 
hem  to  the  army.  As  soon  as  it  became  lig;lit  enough 
todibitinguish  objects,  1  ordered  Majs.  Watson  s  and  Tre- 
man's  battallions  to  wheel  up  at  right  angles  with  Majors 
Bo)lh*sand  Cleveland's  battallions,  who  formed  the  right 
wing,  to  prepare  for  tJie  charge.  The  order  for  the 
charge  was  promptly  obeyed,  and  the  enemy  fled  in  e^'ery 
direction  before  the  bayonet.  Fromtheeflusion  of  blood, 
and  the  number  of  head  dresses  and  war  elnbs  found  in 
various  directions,  their  loss  must  have  been'considerable', 
independent  of  their  wounded. 

I  have  llie  honor  to  be,  &c.  "  ■ '  •  .  ? 

=        JOHN  FLOYD, 

.  :'i  ;■,,.,.  AMERICAN  LOSS.  !    •; 

Killed  17 — wounded  132. 

BRITISH  LOSS. 

Killed  52 — wounded  not  known.  .,  f 


.  .,  1     /   ^  Gen*  Jackson  to  Gen.  Pinkne\f. 

Fort  Slrother,  Jan.  29,  18U. 
[Extract]  SIR — I  had  ordered  800  Tennessee  volun> 
leersto  join  me  on  the  10th  inst.  but  ihf.y  did  not  arrive 
until  the  14th ;  the  next  day  they,  with  the  force  before 
with  me,  130,  irarched  across  the  river  to  graze  our  horses. 
The  motives  which  iufiaenced  nve  to  |>enetrat.e  fnrther  into 
the  enemy  *s  country  were  many  and  urgent.  1  received  a  let- 
ter from  Col.  Snodgrass,  informing  me  that  an  attack  was 
soon  to  be  made  on  fort  Armstrong,  by  900  of  the  enemy,  col- 
lected from  New  Youka,  Oakfuskee,  and  Ufauley  towns, 
and  were  concentrated  in  the  bend  of  the  Tallapoosee."  If 
I  could  have  hesitated  before,  I  could  now  hesitate  no  longer. 
On  the  19th  I  encamped  at  Entochapco  ;  here  I  soon  per- 
ceived how  little  knowledge  my  spies  had  of  the  country, 
of  the  situation  of  the  enemy,  or  of  the  distance  we  were 
from  them,  and  the  insubordination  of  the  new  troops,  and 
want  of  skill  in  their  officers,  became  more  apparent :  but 
my  wishes  and  my  duty  remained  united. 


Vl\\\i 


m 


i^  . 


If 


\'\^ 


11 


*;** 


11. 


244 


UTSTOKY  OP  THE  WAR. 


i;i 


r" 

I 

.'Hi. 


f  Mll'f 


-i 


I       ■:      I 


iflj 


1      1 
1    :\ 

i     ■ 

i; 

i 

ij 

■    1 

11 

1  '   1 

mi 


*  W«  arrived  within  a  few  miles  ofourcleslinat'oii  ihc  21>ii, 
end  encamped  on  a  \\\%\\  piece  ol'  ground  ;  alioul  lo 
o*dock  at  night  our  picket  fired  upoii  a  te  w  of  the  enemy,  ai^l 
killed  one.  At  11  oViock  our  spies  retnrned  with  infor- 
ina^ion  thut  a  Urge  binly  of  the  enemy  were  encamped 
abuut  threfi  mile»  distant.  Bein^r  prepared  at  all  points^ 
nothing^  remained  to  bf^  done,  bnt  await  their  approach,  or 
be  in  readinewt  to  attack  them  by  day  light.  The  enemy 
attacked  our  left  Hunk,  about  t>  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
which  was  vigoroiisly  met  by  our  troopb ;  the  attack  lasted 
half  an  hour.  So  soon  as  it  became  light  enough  to  pur- 
sue the  e<iemy,  the  brave  Gen.  CoHee  led  on  our  troops  to  the 
charge  ;  the  enemy  was  completely  routed  at  every  iwini, 
and  chased  two  miles  wiMi  great  slaughter.  Gen.  Cofiiee 
was  now  sent  with  400  troops  to  reconnoitre  the  enemy's 
camp,  who  returned  ufter  satisfying  himself  ot  their  strength. 
In  half  an  hour  a  considerable  force  of  the  enemy  made  its 
appearance  on  ray  right  Hank,  and  attacked  us  with  great 
spirit.  Gen.  Coffee  rf  quested  200  men  ofmeforlho  pur- 
post  of  tnroiiig  thtir  left  Hank,  which  was  granted  ;  but 
by  tiOMte  mistake,  not  ubserveii  at  the  time,  only  54  followed 
him,  who  were  chiefly  old  volunteer  officers.  With  tliis 
httle  band  of  heroes,  llu*  Gen.  allacked  it,  and  drove  lluiu 
from  the  ground;  at  tiie  same  time  200  friendly  Indians 
were  ordered  to  .ali  upon  their  right,  and  i:o-o()erate  with  the 
Ge.erul.  This  order  was  soon  obeyed,  and  in  its  execution 
whai  I  exjiected,  was  realized.  The  enemy  intended  llieal- 
tack  o.t  my  rght  as  a  tcMit,  and  soon  attack*  d  my  left  wilh 
their  mnifi  toice,  wlsich  they  ho^ved  to  find  weakened  and  in 
dif.<>pier — Ihey  vyre disappointed — tlie  wholeline  mcttjie 
attack  wilh  tirmness  and  astonishing  intrepidity,  and  having 
given  a  few  tires  charged  with  great  vigor;  the  effect  was 
inmiediate  and  inevitable.  Thrf  enemy  fled  with  precipi- 
taliou,  and  were  pursued  to  a  considerable  distance  with 
great  slaughter.  In  the  mean  time  Gen.  CoHee  was  con- 
tending with  a  superior  force,  tht  Indians  having  joined 
my  lett.  Jim  Fife,  with  100  friendly  Indians,  I  fnrthwilh 
ordered  to  his  assistance ;  he  no  sooner  reached  the  spot 
than  the  General  made  a  charge,  and  the  enemy  were  rout- 
ed  and  driven  three  miles,  with  the  loss  of  45  slain.  I  was 
determined  to  commence  a  return  march  the  next  morning, 


Hisvoiiy.Qir  T#i«  WA». 


245 


a.s  my  prumions  were  nearly  coiifuinuil.     I  con;  Ulered  it 
uul  necessary  to  pursue  thciu  aity  farther*  u%  the  object  of 
a  general  engagemeut  wouUl  be  more  certniiily  altaiiiedby 
comiueticing  a  returu,  vbich,  to  tbeqi,  \%ould  ba%u  the  a)>- 
neuiuiic^  of  a  retreat,  ami  would  iBM|>in.'   (lurm   with    new 
courage  to  (lur.sue  me ; .  and  not  prudent  because   oi  iny 
wounded,  the  starvint;  condiliiui  of  my  horsen,  they   not 
having'  nt'ither  eat  com  nor  cnuolor  two  days,  and  of  the 
sccTcity  of  my  provisions- — intluenced    by  these  considera- 
iioiiii,  1  commencf  d  my  return  marcli  on  the  2:i(l  .Mid  reach- 
ed Enolachopco  that  night.     I  took  a  diU'i  rent  route  from 
the  one  we  came  in,   to  avoid  a  deep  deiilo    bdwceu  two 
inountiitns.     Having  a  deep  creeL  to  pn»s  i  issued  a  gener- 
al order  pointiig  out  the  manner  in  whieli  the  men  should 
be  formed,  m  case  of  an  attack.     The  front  icuiud  and  the 
wounded  had  crossed,  vvhen  nutdaiui  gun  was  heard  in  the 
reur.     I  heard  it  wilho^t  surpriNC,  and  even  with  pleasure, 
as  I  cidcuiated  on  the  firmness  of  my  trooi>M,  from  the  mau> 
ner  in  which  I  had  seen  them  act  on   the  22d.     Haymg 
chosen  the  ground,  I  expected  to  have  eutuely  cut  off  the 
enemy,  by  wheeling  the  right  a:)d  left  cotuums  ou  their  pi- 
vots, recrussmg  the   creek  above  and  below,  and  fallmg 
upon  their  flanks  ami  re^r.     But  to  my  astouishnient,  after 
a  few  guns  bad  been  fired,  1  beheld  the  right  and  left  col- 
aiutis  of  the  rear  guard  give  way.     This  sh  imeful  retreat 
was  disastrous  in  the  extreme;  drsiwmg  with  it  the  greater 
part  of  the  centre  colmmn,  and   producing  consternation 
and  dismay  in  the  whole  army.     There  was  leli  to  oppose 
the  enemy  a  few  pf  the  rear  guard*  the  artdlery,  and  Capt. 
Russeirs  company  of  spie^ ;  they  reuli7.cd  and  exceeded 
mv  best  expectations.     Never  was  there  more  bravei  y  dis- 
play td  than  on  this  occasion.     Amidst  the  most  galling 
iire  from  the  enemy,   more  than  ieu  times  their  number, 
they  ascended  the  hilh     lu  the  hurry  of  the  moment,  iu 
separating  the  gun  from  the  limber^),  the  rummer  and  picker 
were  left  tied  to  it.     No  sooner  was  this   discovered  Uian 
Craven  Jackson,  and  Constantine  Perkins,  gunners,  found 
means  to  replace  them ;  Jackson  amidst  the  galling  fire  of 
the  enemy,  pulled  out  the  ramrod  of  his  musket,  used  it  as 
a  picker,  primed  with  a  cartridge,  and  fired   the  cannon. 
Perkins  having  taken  ofi'  his  bayonet,   used  his  gun  as  a 
rami^er^  aud  Jackson  usin{|;  his  former  plan,  again  dis* 


II 

.it 


iii 


i  1 


I; 


\  ■,. 


\   . 

^l^ 

. 

i 

i 

' 

• 

'1 

■H 

1 

-1 

1 

il 

tM6 


UISTOBY  69  TtlE  WAR. 


lilS 


iJiii    n 


I  ;i  I 


,i!  i 


HI! 


i        ! 


I  i 


I 


1:1    1 


m 


I 


charged  iter.  Lieut.  ArmAlron|;  soon  fell,  and  exclaimed 
as  he  iay,  *  my  brave  feUotvs,  some  of  you  itiay/alli  hut  ymi 
must  snve  the  cannon.*  AtUiiH  time  a  number  vrossed'the 
creek,  and  Wintered  iuta  the  chase,  when  they  wer^  pursued 
more  than  fwo  miles,  ileein^  ir»  coiisternalioii,  throwiiiff 
avfay  their  packs,  and  left  20  of  their  warriors  dead  on  Ibe 
^(d.     This  lasl  defeat  waa  deciaive. 

I  am,  sir,  with  sentiineiits  of  rewpect,  &c.  '^^^ '  ' 
-ii^iJj'KnM  .>i.^:.i  .<i  J»^^-i.i'>jjfJ.'ANDREVV  JACKSON. 

-jl'>«»f  lMM:!/i.^'.'/ '         AMERICAN  LOSS.- ''•'■''•''**>.     '    ' 
l"'i.  Ji*^!    Killed  20— wounded  75^  "^^'i^«^i^' 


BRITISH  LOSS.  ' 

Killed  33d — wounded,  not  known. 


v 


Hi 


f. 


I'.'ii  '.\J 

'.'UlJl 


oilf  Gen.  Jackson  4o  Governor  Blount.     •- 

'.J..U  u:  >  ,  M  ^i.     .)•;      Fort  Williams,  March  31,  1814. 

[Ejftract.]  SIR — 1  have  juiit  returned  from  the  e.\pedi- 
lion  which  1  advised  you  in  my  lailt  1  was  about  to  make 
to  the  Tallapoosee  ;  and  hasten  to  acquaint  you  with  the 
good  fortune  which  attended  it. 

I  took  up  the  line  of  march  from  this  place  on  the  morn- 
ing* of  the  21st  inst.  and  having'  opened  a  passage  of  62  1-2 
milesover  the  ridges  which  divide  the  waters  of  the  two  riv. 
«rsi  I  reached  the  bend  of  the  Tallapoosee,  three  miles  he- 
lyond  where  i  had  the  engagement  of  the  22d  of  January, 
and  at  the  southern  extremity  of  New-Youka,  on  the 
iBlorumg  of  tlie  27th.  Thiis  bend  resembles  in  its  curva- 
ture that  of  a  horse  shoe,  and  is  tlience  called  by  that  name 
aipong  the  whiles.  Nature  furnishes  few  situations  so  elli- 
gible' for  defence,  and  barbarians  have  never  rendered  one 
more  secure  by  art.  Across  the  neck  of  the  bend  which 
leads  into  it  from  the  north,  they  had  erected  abreast-work 
4)f  the  greatest  compactness  and  strength,  from  five  to 
eight  feet  high,  and  prepared  with  double  port  holes  very 
artfuUy^arranged.  The  figure  of  this  wall  manifested  no 
less  skill  in  the  projection  of  it,  than  its  construction;  an 
army  could  not  approach  it  without  being  expoi»ed  I.  a 
double  and  cross  fire  from  the  enemy,  who  lay  in  perfect 
security  behind  it. 

In  this  bend  the  warriors  from  Oakfusky,  Oakehagu, 
New-Ypuka,  Hillibee,  the  Fish  Ponds,  and  Eufiiuta  towns, 
•apprisej  of  our  approach,  h^d  collected   their  slrenglh. 


\ 


UISTORT  or  THE  WAJt. 


U7 


Tbeir  exa<!t  number  cannot  be  ascertained  ;  but  it  is  said 
by  the  iirinoners  we  have  taken,  tu  ha^  e  been .  a  thousand. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  ttte  27lh,  havingr  encamped  the 
prcrcdinn;  night -.U  the  distance  oftivemi|es  from  them,  I 
(iotailed  (ien.  Coifee  with  the  mounted  meiii  and  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  Indian  force,  to  cross  the  river  at  a  ford  about 
:\  miles  below  their  encampmeut,  and  to  surround  the  l>eud 

su<eh  a  manner. that  none  of  thciu  Khould  escape  by  at- 


tn 


lempting to  cross  the  river.  With  tlie  remainder  ot  the 
forces  1  proceeiled  slowly  and  in  order,  along  the  point  of 
land  w  hich  led  to  the  front  of  their  breast-work ;  having 
planted  my  cannon  (one  six  and  one  three  pounder)  on  an 
eminence  at  the  distance  of  150  or  200  yards  from  it,  I 
opened  a  brisk  tire,  playing  upon  the  eaeuiy  with  the  mus- 
kets and  rifles  whenever  they  shewed  themselves  beyond 
it;  this  was  kept  up,  with  short  interruptions,  for  about  two 
lioui's,  when  a  par^,  of  the  Indian  force,  and  Capt.  RussellV 
m<\  Lieut.  Be;.n's  companies  of  spies,  w  ho  had  accompani- 
ed Gen.  Coffee,  crossed  over  in  canoes  to  the  extremity  of 
the  bend,  and  set  tire  to  the  buildings  which  were  there  sit- 
uated j  they  then  advanced  with  great  gallantry  towards 
the  breast-work,  and  commented  a  spirited  to  upon  tho; 
enemy  behind  il.Vf>^     •   ,;ri  ..#r  rti^r  ■.(<'!  -  )•'•'>'•'* 

Finding  that  this  force,  notwithstanding  the  bravery  they 
displayed,  was  wholly  insufjficient  to  dislodge  them,  and: 
ihat  Gen.  Coffee  had  entirely  secured  the  opposite  bank 
nt'the  river,  I  now  detennitied  to  take  their  works  by  storm^ 
The  men  by  whom  this  \vas  to  be  effected  had  been  waiting 
with  impatience  to  receive  their  order,  and  hailed  it  with 
acclamation.  ,     ,    i  :v,rf^u».>  :  !;   ••  |t 

The  spirit  which  anim^ited  them  was  a  sure  augury  of 
thf  success  which  was  to  follow.  The  history  of  warfare 
furnishes  few  instances  of  a  more  brilliant  attack  —the  re- 
p;alarsled  on  by  their  intrepid  and  skillful  commander,  CoK 
Williams,  and  by  the  gallant  Major  Montgomery,  soon 
gained  possession  of  the  works  in  the  midst  of  a  most  tre- 
mendous fire  from  behind  them,  and  the  militia  of  the  ven- 
erable Gen.  Ooherty^  brigade,  accompanied  them  in  the 
charge,  with  a  vivacity  anil  firmness  that  would  have  done 
honor  to  regulars.  Thetightingconlin  led  with  some  se- 
verity about  live  hours 

:•    7'-'".r  .•••?;■■  '"'■I  ■:■  :-:■'''  !iff?i 


W 


fj 


y 


248 


niftTokt  &lt  •i'lTEAVAK. 


m; 


i'  I 


I! 


Ml 


lu 


1 1^ 


■   t 


.    1 


IP 


'  According  In  my  ori^infil  purnOiie,  I  commenced  my  r^. 
turn  march  for  fort  Wiiliatlis  to-day,  and  i^liiill,  if  I  find 
supplies  there,  haslon  to  the  Hickory  ffroUnd.  The  pmvr 
•f  the  Creeks  is,  I  think,  fdr  ever  broken.  "  -    ' 

•    I  have  th^  honor  to  be,  &c.  . »  h « 

f:'"^^;'  ANDREW  JAC]<L?ON. 

InM^uiuurnvH    AMERICAN  LOSS.  '^    'o  ■>.,  «^>,r/, 

•  in  ,/i  tH|i; :>*•     Killed  ^fS—Wonnded  IOC. 

'Hit    Ui    '\A)fl    ,:.  BttlTlSH  LOSS.  "  "  *'■  rr  ' 

'to  limr]  ^'!i7"K'illed8-ia— Prisoners  250]""'''^^  ^'>  • 
an  tun  (i-yiiiufoiv'y.yul^  ^  ■  j  n<>)  tinftiMO  /rtt  h'jliii 
-5*»)'rT  •(;!•  f!ji/>  7iir<  CHAPTER  %l\    /'■tit;^>'i*!'i4-  {jon^ 


hn07«: 


>(i 


jfti'i  htin } 


"  '/  I'.ui 


fittr.ru 


'■  CAPT.  PORTER'S  CRUIZE! 
Cetpi.  Porter  to  the  /Secretary  of  the  Navy.  '  " " 
U.  8.  F.  Essex,  Pitcific  Ocean,  .fuly  2,  18 lU. 
/'^  SfH-^On  the  23d  March  last,  I  sailed,  shaping  my 
'  course  to  the  norlh^vard,  and  <yn  the  26lh  of  the  aanie 
naonth,  fell  in  with  the  Peruvian  corsair  ship  Nereyda, 
mounting*  \6  guns  :  she  had  n  few*  da>s  before,  captured 
two  American  whale  ships,  the  crews  of  which  (amounting 
in  number  to  24  men)  were  then  detained  prisoners  on 
board  her ;  and  they  assign  no  other  motiv^e  for  the  cap. 
ture,  than  that  they  were  the  allies  ot'G.  Britain,  and  a!> 
such,  should  capture  all  Airiericnn  vessels  they  could  fall 
iu  with  ;  therefore,  to  prevent  in  future  such  vexatious  pro. 
ceedings,  I  threw  all  her  armament  into  the  sea,  liberated 
the  Americans,  and  dismissed  the  Nereyda. 

I  then  proceeded  with  all  possible  dispatch  for  Lima,  lo 
intercept  one  ot"  the  detained  vessels,  which  had  parted  witli 
the  Nereyda  outy  three  days  before,  and  was  so  fortuiiale 
as  to  arrive  there  and  recapture  her  on  the  5th  April,  atlbc 
moment  she  was  entering-  the  port.  This  vessel  (the  ship 
Baiclay,  Capt.  Gideon  Handall,  of  New  Bedford,)  Itook 
uni.e'  my  protection,  and  have  had  her  with  me  ever  since. 
FimuLana,  I  [)roceeded  for  Galapagos  Island  where! 
captured  the  following  British  Letters  of  marque  ships. 

Montezuma,  2  guns,  21  men — Policy,  10  guns,  26  men 
— Gecrgiana,  (5  ^uns,25  men — Atlantic,  Bguns,  24  men— 
and  Greenwich,  10  guns,  26  men. 


BiSTORir  OF  Tini  WAE. 


249 


ea,  liberated 


The  Georgfiana  being  reputed  a  ver?  fani  sailer,  and  ap- 
pareiill)  vtell  calculated  for  a  cruizer,  I  mounted  10  gun« 
on  her  and  u[ave  the  conimaud  of  her  to  that  excellent  offi- 
cer, Lieut.  John  Dowi:«;(i,  with  a  complement  of  42  men. 

Lieut.  JJownes  joined  ^^^e  nt  Tumbez*  near  Guiaquil,  on 
thecuastofPeru.  on  the  21th  June,  after  capturing  three 
Letter  of  Marque  Nhipn. 

Hector*  i  1  guns  25  men — Caiheriney  8  guns,  29  men — 
Ru.se,  8  guns,  21  men. 

I  found,  by  experience,  thai  the  Ceorgiaiia  did  not  de- 
serve the  character  given  of  her  for  sailing.  I  therefore 
sbipf>ed  her  officers  and  crew  to  the  Alluutic,  and  mount- 
ed on  her  20  guns,  with  a  complement  of  (K)  men,  and  ap- 
puinted  m'.iishipman  Hich.  Dashiell^  acting  sailin|;r  master, 
on  board  her ;  to  this  vt'ssel  1  gave  the  name  of  £ssex  Ju- 
nior. I  also  fitted  up  the  ship  Greenwich  as  a  store  ship, 
and  mounted  on  her  20  guns,  placing  her  under  the  com- 
mand of  Lieut.  Gamble,  of  the  marines.  On  board  her  I 
have  put  all  the  provisions  and  stores  ot  my  other  prizes, 
except  a  supply  of  three  and  a  half  months  for  each,  and 
have  by  this  means  secured  myself  a  full  supply  of  ever}' 
necessary  article  for  seven  months.  1  had  hoped  to  dis- 
pose of  my  other  prizes  at  Guiaquil :  the  Govs,  in  Peru, 
however,  are  excessively  alarmed  at  my  appearance  on  the 
coast,  as  my  fleet  now  amounts  to  nine  sail  of  vessels,  all 
formidable  in  their  appearance,  and  they  would  if  they  dart', 
treat  us  with  a  hostility  little  short  of  declared  enemies. 

indeed,  sir,  when  1  compare  my  presient  situation  with 
\That  it  was  when  I  doubled  Cape  Horn,  I  cannot  bii^.  es- 
teem myself  fortunate  in  an  extraordinary  degree.  There 
ipy  ship  was  shattered  by  tem}iestuous  weather,  and  desti- 
tute of  every  thing;  my  officers  and  crew  half  starved,  na- 
ked, and  worn  out  with  fatigue.  Now,  sir,  my  ship  is  in 
pnme  order,  abundantly  supplied  with  every  thing  neces- 
sary for  her.  I  have  a  noble  ship  for  a  consort  of  20  guns, ' 
and  well  manned,  a  store  ship  of  20  guns,  and  well  sup- 
plied with  the  best  of  every  thing  that  we  may  want,  and 
prizes  which  would  be  worth  in  England  two  millions  of 
dollars :  and  what  renders  the  comparison  more  pleasing, 
the  enemy  has  furnished  all. 

The  times  of  my  best  men  have  expired  ;  but  their  at- 
♦acbmeni  to  the  ship,  and  theic  zeal  for  lh«  service  we  arts 


»/    J  Off  ^;:  */ 


m 


.>ou::5  n  ;K   ,v.>w»t"4  ^^t 


}^ii 


II  f 


I 


360 


mSTOSfV  09  THE  WAR. 


I 


I '  -i 


li;! 


I 


,( 


il 


onu^ffcd  nn,  prevent  all  t^omplainLs  on  that  account.  It  ]% 
not  probable  thai  you  will  he.ir  of  me  for  several  months  io 
roDic,  unlesH  Mime  dittatiter  h»ppeii» ;  but  1  beg  leave  to 
HSHnre  you.  sir,  that  1  fthall  not  be  idle. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  kc.        »^  •"*''»«' 
f  .!rti  1  jj.  PORTER. 


M.|T. 


j » 


Losn  of  fort  \iat/ara. — Gen.  M'Clure,  almut  the  first  of 
Dec.  1813,  nbanduned  fort  Gcor^.,  in  Canada,  an  J  burnt 
llie  town  of  Newark,  udjoiniDg  it,  as  a  measure,  to 
prevent  tlie  enemy's  occupy inij  fort  George  after  he  had 
left  it.  On  Ihe  I8th  of  the  Name  month,  the  British  crossed 
to  Lewislown,  in  considerable  force,  and  burnt  it  to  the 
ground  ;  when  their  Allies  were  set  at  liberty,  and  itidulg- 
ed  freely  in  their  brnlal  excesses,  in  murderinjj;  our  defence- 
less citizens ;  they  then  attacked  and  burnt  Mancheslcr, 
and  Tnsc'.irora,  the  latter  an  Indian  town.  In  the  menn 
time  the  British  attacked  fort  Niagara,  and  look  it  by  i^lorni, 
at  4  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  Ihe  19th ;  the  gate  beinu 
o|)en,  they  stu'prised  the  picket,  and  entered  the  fort  I'd'ore 
they  were  discovered,  when  a  scene  of  terrible  slaiighttr 
took  place.  They  were  not  opposed  by  any,  except  a  few 
wounded  men  in  the  southeast  block  honse,  and  a  few  of 
the  guard;  but,  strange  as  it  may  appear,  the  enemy  bny- 
ouetted  about  80  of  our  men,  chiefly,  after  they  had  critd 
for  quarters.  The  preceding  facts  were  sworn  to  before  a 
justice,  by  Robert  Lee,  a  gentleman  of  Lewislown,  who 
was  in  the  fort  when  taken. 


!  -. 


•  Biitnivff  of  Bnjfaloe  and  Black  Rock. — Soon  after  llie 
storming  of  fort  Niagara,  and  the  burning  of  Lewislown, 
&c.  Maj.  Gen.  Hall  repaired  to  the  frontiers,  for  the  pur- 

S>se  of  collecting  a  force,  (militia)  sufficient  to  defeml 
uHUloe  and  Black  Rock.  From  the  22d  Dec.  to  the  iOth, 
Gen.  Hall  had  collected  about  2000  troops,  militia  and  ex- 
empts, but  was  reduced  to  1200  by  desertions,  on  the  n)or- 
ning  of  the  battle  of  the  30th.  In  the  evening  of  the  29tli 
(says  Gen.  Hull,  in  a  letter  of  the  30lh  Dec.  to  Gov.  Tomp- 
kins,) at  about  12  o'clock,  I  received  information  that  one 
of  our  patroles  had  been  tired  on,  one  mile  below  Black 
Rock.  The  enemy  advanced  and  took  possession  of  Ihc 
battery  neai  Conjokaties creek.  The  troops  were  imme- 
diately formed,  and  stood  by  their   arms.     I   was  not  jet 


IIISTOIIY  OF   TRE   WAR.  | 


241 


U'liutn  what  point  iht-  eitfniy  ineaiit  to  atlack.     6«iiif|; 
anxious  to  aiitici|mtu  tiie  eiu'iiiy'M  l.imltii*;',  ainl  meet  bun  ut 
|*«c  water's  ed^e,  I  gave  onlf  i'm  fur  tlie  lruo|»H  :it  llie  Kucki 
tu  attack  liie  tncmy,  and  dthlodjre  tliem  troin  the   battery, 
and    to   drive  theoi  to  their   buatH.     The  attfuipt  tailed 
tliroujfb  the  confusion  into  whicik  ll>€  nnliha  \«ere  thrownt 
un  thc'tir!4t  tire  of  the  enemy,  und  ihedarkness  of  the  night. 
I  then  ordered  the  corps  undvr  Major  AdtiniH,  antt   Co\. 
Ciiapin  to  make  the  attack.   Thene  three  detachments  were 
thrown  into  confusion,  and  were  of  no  service  afterwards. 
As  lite  (htv  dawned,  I  discovered  a  detachment  of  the  en- 
cmy*K  l)oals  cru»sino;  to  our  shore,  and  bendinj^  their  course 
towards  the  rear  of  Gen.  Porter's  hou'^e.     I  immediately 
ordered  Col.  Biakesiie  to  attack  the  enemy's  force  ak  the 
water's  tidge.     I  now  became  satisiied  as  to  tite  disposition 
and  object  of  the  enemy.     Tlieir  left   win^f  compos<xl  of 
lUUO  regulars,  militia,  and  Indians,  had  been  landed  below 
the  creek,  under  cover  of  the   night.     With  tlieir  centre, 
consisting  of  400  royal  Scots,  conmianded  by  Col.  jGordou, 
the  battle  was  com Qienced.     Their  rij^^ht  which  wts  pur- 
posely weak,  was  landed  near  the  main  battery,  merely  to 
divert  our  for<;e,  the  whole  under  the  immediate  oommi^nd 
of  Lieut,  ten.  Drummond,  ana,  led  on  by  Maj,  Gen.  Hialh 
They  were  attacked  by  four  field  pieces  in  the  battery  and 
utthe  water's  ed^e  -,  at  the  same  time  the  battery  from  the 
other  side  of  the  river  opened  a  heavy  tire  upon  usi  of  shellSf 
jiot  shot,  and  ball.     The  whole  force  now  opposed  to  tho 
enemy  was  at  most,  not  over  t>00  meii>  the  reuiamder  hav- 
ing fled,  in  spite  of  the  exertions  of  their  otiiicers.     These 
few,  but  brave  men,  disputed  every  inch  uf  ground,  w  ith  th^ 
sleudy  coolness  of  veterans,  at  theexpence  of  many  valua- 
ble lives.     The  defection  of  the  unlit. a,  and  tl>e  reserve^i 
and  loss  of  the   services  of  the  cavalry,  by   reason  of  tlie 
(ground  on  which  they  must  act,  left   the  forctt  eitgaged| 
exposed  to  the  enemy's  tire  in   front  and  flunk.      iVftei* 
standing  their  ground  for  half  an  hour,  opposed  by  an  over- 
whelming force,  and  nearly  sm'rounded,  a  retreat  became 
necis:.ary  to  their  safely,  and  was  accordingly  ordered,     i 
then  made  every  effort  to  rally  the  troops,  with  a  view  to  at- 
tack their  columns  as  they  entered  the  village  of  Buffaloe ; 
but  all  in  vain.     Deserted  by  my  principal  force,  I  fell  back 
that  night  to  Eleven  Mile  creek,  and  was  forced  to  leavo- 


1( 


1 


: 


ill 


■  i 


f.i 


'^liU 


i.1  iCil',.' 


'MM 


HISTORY  or  THE  WAA. 


:i' 


!    I 


m!^ 


m 


iii 


III 


';ini 


the  douriKhing  villn|<fef  of  Black  Rock  and  Buffaloe  a  prey 
lotlieeiieui)',  which  lh«y  have  |Mlin{|^ccl  aiitl  laid  in  OHliev 
They  have  ^niiied  hulhUle  phiiiderTrom  the  |mblic  ylorcs^ 
the  rhiet  lotM  Wah  fallen  upon  individiif.U/ 

Our  loM  waxdOkiilud— 40  wounded — and  60  mis.sing, 
and  one  cannon.  *  1  regret  to  add,  (sayii  Gen.  Hall,  tg 
Gov.  Tompkins  in  hi^  letter  of  J^m.  2i3)  that  on  repO!t.*ieH. 
(titig^  the  battle  ground,  we  colU'cted  60  dead  bodies,  )v\ 
nnbuned,  of  the  battle  of  the  aoth  ult.  The  enemy  udmil 
their  loss  to  be,  in  killed  and  wounded,  300/ 


i(h 


Col.  Builer  to  Gen.  Harrison. 

Dotroit,  March  7,  1814. 

[Extraci]  SIR — By  Lieut.  Shannon,  of  the  '27lh  regi- 
inent  U.  S.  intantrv*  1  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that 
a  detachment  o\'  the  troops  under  my  cununand,  letl  by 
Ciipt.  Holmes,  of  the  34lh  regiment  U.S.  infantry,  have 
obtained  a  signal  victory  9\et  the  euemy. 

The  affair  Ipok  place  on  the  4th  inst.  about  100  miles 
from  this  place,  on  the  river  De  Trench.  Our  force  con« 
flirted  of  ho  more  than  160  rangers  and  mounted  infantry. 
The  enemy,  had  from  their  own  ackiiowljedgmeni,  '2'ih. 
The  fine  light  company  of  the  royal  Scots  is  totally  destroy- 
ed 3  they  led  the  attack  most  gallantly,  and  their  cununan- 
der  fell  within  ten  paces  of  our  front  line.  The  light  com- 
^any  of  the  89th  has  also  suft'ered  severely;  one  oJ9icer  of 
that  company  fell,  one  is  a  prisoner,  and  another  is  said  to 
be  badly  wounded.  In  killed,  and  wounded,  and  prison- 
ers, the  enemy  lost  about  80 — whilst  on  our  part  there  were 
but  four  killed  and  four  wounded.  This  great  disparity 
in  the  loss  on  each  side  is  to  be  attributed  to  the  very  judicious 
position  occupied  by  Capt.  Holmes,  who  compelled  the  ene- 
my toattack  him  at  great  disadvantage ;  this,  even  more  than 
hi>*  ^^Ihmtry,  merits  the  laurel. 

We  took  one  hundred  head  of  cattle  also  froip  the  ene- 


lDy»  intended  tor  Lono^  Point  or  Burlington. 

~»j3'.;.  Vn'    ji^^iu  'i  h  ,U  ^u,' >■■'«» 'i'i'  v/*'  -'i*  '     H. 


BUTLER. 


.u 


!l>    i 


>n 


WARRINGTON'S  VICTORY. 

Capt.  ]^arrin(fton  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
-'^'  U.  S.  sloop  Peacock,  at  sea,  April  20, 1814. 

*   [Extract.]  SIT^ — -1  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that 
we  have  this  moruin^  captured,  after  aa  action  of  42  min- 


HisrronY  or  the  wim. 


253 


tfteti,  his  inajetl)f'i  bri<;  Epervter»  rating  and  mounting  18 
;)i  pound  cnrronadi!!!,  witli  1SH  men,  of  vi hom  II  \i(re 
killed  and  15  woundrd.  Nul  a  man  in  th^  Prat'ock  «>iis 
killed,  nud  only  two  wounde<i,  neither  dani;erouNl}  no. 
The  t'ttle  of  the  E|>ervier  would  have  been  dt-U  rmined  in 
ouch  iesM  time,  but  fur  the  circumKlanre  of  onr  f(»r*>->ard 
Ixfing  totally  disabled  by  two  round  shut  in  iht*  stlarlMturd 
quarter  from  her  tirttt  broadside,  which  enlir«  ly  (ieiirivtd  us 
of  the  useof  our  fore  and  fore-top>Hail»,  aiidcumpeiled  us  to 
k<>ep  the  ship  large  throughout  the  ro'mainder  of  the  artion. 

This,  with  a  few  top-maiit  and  top-galiant  back  Kta>»cut 
away,  a  few  shot  through  our  sails,  is  the  ony  injury  the 
Peacock  has  sustained.  Not  a  round  shut  (oucheil  oitr 
hull)  our  masts  and  soars  are  as  sound  asi  ever.  When 
tbe  enemy  struck,  he  had  iive  feet  water  li\  his  hold,  his 
main-top-mast  was  over  the  side,  his  main  boom  shot  away, 
h\i  fore-mast  cut  nearly  in  two  and  tottering  his  fori^  rig- 
ging and  stays  shot  away,  his  bowsprit  badly  wounded,  and 
45  shot  holes  in  his  hull,  20  of  which  were  within  a  foot  of' 
his  water  line.  By  great  exeitiou,  we  got  her  iu  sailinj^^ 
order  just  as  the  dark  came  on. 

In  15  minutes  after  the  enemy  struck,  the  Peaci  rk  was 
ready  for  another  action,  iu  every  respect  but  her  "'jre-yard, 
which  was  sent  down,  finished,  and  had  the  fore-sail  set 
again  in  45  minutes — suck  was  the  spirit  and  activity  of 
our  gallant  crew.  The  Epervier  had  under  her  convoy 
an  English  hermaphrodite  brig,  a  Russian  and  a  Spanish 
ship,  which  all  hauled  their  wind  and  stood  to  the  £.  N. 
£.  I  had  determined  upon  pursuing  tbe  former,  but  found 
that  it  would  not  answer  to  leave  our  prixe  in  her  then 
crippled  state  ;  and  the  more  particularly  so,  as  we  found 
she  had  $120,000  in  specie,  which  we  •  ir  n  transferred  to 
(his  sloop.  Every  officer,  seaman,  and  marine  did  his  duty, 
irbich  is  the  highest  compliment  1  can  pay  them. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c.  'nrrAht^K 

.     .;...    r    ,  i..,,,  u.u  ,..    I,.  WARRINGTON.  ' 

,  •  ''/■■f^ '■'  ■  AMERICAN  LOSS.  "  ■  ••     •-'••» 

Killed  none — wounded  2.      .'     ?;;,,' 

BRITISH  LOSS.  '^   1    / 

]K.illed  11 — wounded  16 — prisoners  117.       >'• 


:t>.' 


!.'J 


I 


\);i 


m 

m 


\ 


,r^'ir 


.<^^■•  <j  :^i>-: 


254 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MAIL 


'^1-    ^. 


!       I 


\i\ 


ii 


•J 


li      i      i 


I     Lieut.  Wooiney  to  Com.  Chauncet/. 
(    Iff  b*ackett'H  Harbor,  June  1»  1814. 

[£Jar/rat'/.]  SIR — I  hnd  the  honor  lo  receive  per  express 
your  communication  of  the  27lh,  vestintrin  tT'<)diKcretionnry 
puwerf.  I  immediately  despatched  Mr.  Dixon  in  the  louir 
g'tg  to  reconnoitre  the  coast, and  weitt  with  my  officers  to  tite 
talis,  U»  run  the  boats  down  over  the  rapids.  At  sun  sci 
we  arrived  at  Oswego  with  the  boatH  (19  in  number)  ioud- 
ed  in  all  with  21  long;  3*2  pounders,  10  24  pounders,  5  42  do. 
(carronades)  and  10  cables,  besiden  some  Ii^ht  articles, 
and  distributed  in  the  butteaux  a  guard  uf  about  ]''>0  rifle- 
men, under  command  of  Major  Apiding.  Mr.  Dixoa 
having  returned  with  a  report  of  the  coast,  bein^  cieai,  we 
set  oil'  at  dark  and  arrived  at  Big  Salmon  river  about  sun- 
ri^e  on  the  29th,  with  the  loss  of  onqboat  having  on  board 
|wo  24  pounders  and  one  cable. 

At  Big  Salmon  we  met  the  Oneidas,  \i  honi  I  had  des. 
patched  the  day  previous,  under  the  command,  pf  Lieut. 
IlilU  of  the  riile  regiment.  As  soon  as  tliey  had  taken  up 
their  line  of  m^rch  along  the  shore  to  Big  Sandy  Creek,! 
started  with  all  the  boats  and  arrived  at  our  place  of  desti- 
nation about  twd  mt\&^  up  the  Creek.  At  2  P.  M-  on  the 
30lh,  I  received  your  latter  oi  the  29ith,  6  P.  M.  per  express, 
and  agreeably  to  the  order  contained  therein,  sent  Lieut. 
pierce  to  look  out  as  far  as  Stony  Point :  about  6  he  retuvneil, 
having  been  pursued  by  a  gun  boat  and  three  barges.  The 
best  possible  di.spositioii  was  made  of  the  riflemen  and  In- 
dian's^  about  half  a  mile  below  our  boats.  About  8  A.M. 
ft  cannonading  at  Ipng  shot  was  commenced  by  the  enetiiy, 
and  believing  (as  I  did)that  no  attempt  would  be  made  to 
land  with  their  small  force,  I  ordered  Lieut,  Pierce  to  [^ro- 
ce0d  in  erecting  sheers  and  uiakiug  preparations  to  unload 
the  boats.  About  9  o'clock  Capt.  Harris  with  a  squadron 
of  dragoons,  and  Capt.  Melvin  with  a  company  of  light 
artillery  and  2  6-pounders,  arrived.  Capl.  Harris  the  co'n- 
mandmg  officer,  agffced  with  me  that  tliis  reinforcement 
should  halt,  as  the  troops  best  caUruIated  for  a  bush  tight 
•were  already  oa  the  giound,  where  they  cou:d  act  to  the 
greatest  advantage,  aiid  that  the  enemy  seeing  a  large  re- 
inforcement arrive  would  most  probably  retreat.  About 
"10,  the  enemy  having  landed  and  pushed  u[)  the  creek  with 
four  gun  boats,  three  cutters,  and   one  gig — the  ritleinca 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


251 


u 


under  ihal  excellent  officer.  Major  Appling^,  arose  from 
llietr  concealment,  uixl  nt'ter  n  .sinurt  fire  of  about  10  min- 
utes, siicceeiled  in  capturing  all  the  iMiats  and  their  crews, 
without  one  haviuuj  escaped.  At  about  5  F.  M.  buried, 
\v.\\\  the  honors  of  war,  Mr.  Hoare(a  British  midshipman) 
killed  in  the  urtion. 

The  enemv's  loss  in  this  afiair,  is  4  g-un  boats,  one  car- 
rvii);^  1  21  puutider,  and  one  (58  lb.  carronade  ;  each  of  the 
olliers  carrying  two  heavy  guns  ;  two  cutters  aud  I  gig. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  &,<•.  ^ 

M.  T.  WOOLSEY. 

'     •    '  \  AMERICAN   1.0SS.  .       ' 

'■•''  Killed  none— wounded/).  '"    '     ■' 

'■  '  BRITISH    IX)SS.  '    '  ' 

'  Killed  14— wounded  28 — prisoners  169.  ' 

LOSS  OF  THE  ESSEX.  I 

Caj)t.  Foiter  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Essex  Junior,  at  sea,  July  U,  1814. 
[Extraet.l  SIR — I  sailed  from  the  Delaware,  Oct.  27, 
1812,  and  repaired  Ic  Port  Praya,  Noionho,  and  Cape  Frio. 
On  my  passage  from  Port  Praya  to  Noronho,  1  captured 
his  li.  M.  packet  Norton  ;  after  taking  out  11,000  pounds 
sterling  in  specie,  sent  her  Tor  America.  Off  Cape  Frio 
1  captured  a  schooner  with  hides  and  tallow,  and  sent  her 
into  Porto  Rico.  I  proceeded  to  St.  Catherines  to  supply 
my  ship  with  provisions.  Fror.i  St.  Catherines  I  shaped 
my  course  tor  the  Pacific,  and  arrived  at  Valparaiso  March 
11,  1813.  Of  the  success  we  met  with  in  onr  next  cruise 
you  have  been  informed  in  my  letter  of  July  2, 1813.  I  re- 
ceived information  that  the  Phoebe  frigate,  and  Racoon 
uiid  Cherub  sloops  of  war,  were  in  pursuit  of  me.  My 
shij),  after  being  near  a  year  at  sea,  required  some  repairs 
to  put  her  in  a  state  to  meet  them  ;  which  I  determined  to 
do,  and  repaired,  with  my  prizes,  »j)  the  Island  of  Nooa- 
beevah,  or  Madison  Isl:u»d,  where  I  completely  overhaul- 
ed my  ship,  and  took  on  board,  from  the  prizes,  provisions 
and  stores  for  upwards  of  fimr  months,  and  sailed  for  the 
toasl  of  Chili,  Dec.  12,  1813.  Previous  to  sailing  I  secur- 
ed the  Scringapatam,  Greenwich,  and  Sir  A.  Hammond, 
under  the  guns  of  a  battery  which  1  had  erecte«l  for  their 
IM'oteclion  ;  (after  taking  possession  of  this  tine  Island,  for 


li 


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'It 


'I  [ 


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niSTOUY  OF  THE  WAK. 


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IN 


Ihe  United  Stales,  and  eslablishino^  the  raost  friendl^r  inter 
course  with  its  natives)  1  leil  tht^m  tinder  the  care  of  LiciiU 
Gamble  and  21  men,  with  orders   to  repair  to  Valparaiso 
after  a  certain  period.     Believin^r  C 'Ui.  Hillytr  wou.d   be 
most  likel}'  to  appear  at  Valparaiso  tirst,    I  titertture  deter. 
mined  to  cruise  about  that  place.     Ag'reeably   to  my  ex- 
pectations the  Cum.  arrived  at  that  plact- ;  but,  contrary  to 
my    wishes,   he   brought   with   him  the  Ciierub  sioop  of 
war,  mounting   28  guns,  and  a  complement  of  180  men. 
The  force  of  the  Piioebr,  the  Commodore's  fii»g  ship,  was 
30  long  18  |)Ounders,  l(j  32  lb.  carronades,  and  7  '6  poun- 
ders in  her  tops,  in  all  6^  guns,   and  a  crew  of  ii'iO  men; 
making  a  force  of  81  guns  and  500  men.     The    force  of 
the  Essex  was  40  32  lb.  carronades  and  6  long  twelves,  and 
her  crew  had  been  reduced  by  manning  out  her  prizes  to 
255  men.     They  pk'ovisioned,  and  went  off  the  port  for  the 
purpose  ofblcx'kadingme.     I  often  endeavored  to  provoke 
a  challenge,  and  bring  the  Phoebe  alone  to  action  with  the 
Essex,  but  without  success.     ThtJre  were  no  hopes  of  any 
advantages  to  my  country   tVom  a  longer  stay   in  port;  I 
thcrafore  determined  to  put  to  sea  the  first  opportunity. 
The  28th  of  march,  the  day  after  this  resolution  was  funn- 
ed, the  wind  blew  fresh  from  the  south,  when  I  parted  my 
larboard  cable  and  dragged   directly  out  to  sea.     Not  a 
moment  was  to  be   lost  in   getting  sail  on  the  ship.    On 
rounding  the  point  a  heavy  squall  struck  us,  and  earned 
away  our  main  top-mast,  precipitating  four  men  into  th( 
sea,  who  drow^ned.    Both  ships  now  gave  chase ;  seeino;  1 
could  not  recover  my   former  anchorage  in  my  disabled 
state,  I  ran  close  into  a  small  bay,  and  anchored  within  pis- 
tol shot  of  the  shore,  under  cover  of  two  batteries  off  Val- 
paraiso, which  beij^-  neutral  were  bound  to  protect  me  ;  al 
least  till  I  had  repaired  damages.     I  had  not  succeeded  in 
repairing  or  getting  a  spring  on  my  cable  when  the  enemy 
at  54  minutes  \ysiHi  3,  P.  M.  made  his  attack.     The  Phoebe 
placing  herself  under  my  stern,  and  the  Cherub  on  my  star< 
board  bow  ;  but  finding  that  situation  a  hot  one,  she  bore 
up  and  run  under  my  stern  also,  where  both  ships  kept  up 
a  raking  tire.     I  h<id  got  3  long  12  pounders  out  of  tie 
sttrii  ports,  which  were  worked  with  so  much  bravery  tlial 
in  hali  an  hour  we  so  disabled  both  as  to  compel  thcin  u> 
haul  oli  to  repair  damages.     My  sbip  had  received  many 


niSTORY  OP  THB  WAR. 


957 


injarieit,  and  Kcveral  had  been  killed  and  wounded,  but  nil 
a|)|teared  determined  ko  defend  ^he  iiliip  to  the  last,  and  to 
die  in  pivt'ereiixie  to  a  shameful  surrender.  The  enemy 
i(um  r«^|mired  m%  damages  and  matle  a  fresh  attack  <\'ith 
Uiitl)  shi))(i  ou  Biy  starhuard  f{uarter,  v.\\i  of  reach  of  my  car- 
i-onades  and  where  uiy  Ktern  ^uns  could  not  be  brought  to 
bear — he  there  kept  uf»  a  {galling  tire  wliioh  it  was  out  of 
uvy  power  to  return.  The  uidy  rope  not  cat  was  the  fiyinf 
gib  halluuds,  and  that  beinp^  the  only  nail  1  could  set,  I 
caused  it  to  be  hoisted,  niy  cables  to  be  cut,  and  run  down 
on  both  bhtps,  with  an  intention  of  laying  tlie  Phoebe  ou 
hoard.  ;'■<'  .  i.'J^' ♦*v.^.f:'i'>'-.'- .;i.  /.  *  >uiil  ii.i.'t 

The  tiring  on  bnlh  sides  was  now  tremendous ;   I' had 
let  tail  my  fore-topsail  and  foresail,  but  the  want  of  tacks 
and  sheets  rendered  them  useless,  yet  were  we  enabled  for 
a  hhort  time  to  close  with  the  eaeniy,  although  our  decks 
were    strewed    with  ihe  dead,    our    cockpit    filled   with 
wounded,  our  ship  had  been  several  times  on  Hre,  and  a 
prfect  wreck,  we  were  slill  encourai^ed  to  hope  to  save 
her,  as  the  Chedib  in  her  crippled  state,  had  been  compel- 
led to  haul  off.     The  Phoebe,  from  our  disabled  slate,  was 
enabled  to  edg'e  t.ff,  and  choose  her  distance,  for  her  long 
l^uiis,  and  kept  up  such  a  tremendous  fire,  as  to  mow  down 
my  brave  companions  by  the  dozen,     i  now  gave  up  all 
hopes  of  closing  with  him,  and  determined  to  run  on  shore, 
land  my  men,  and  destroy  the  vessel.     We  had  approach- 
t'A  the  shore  within  mnsket  shot,  when  in  an  instant  the 
wind  shifted,  and  payeil  our  head  down  on  the  Phoebe. — 
My  ship  was  now  totally  unmanageable;  yet,  as  her  head 
was  toward  the  enemy,  and  he   to  the  leeward  of  me,  I 
slill  hoped  to  be  able  to  board  him.     Finding  the  enemy 
was  determined  to  avoi<l  being  boarded,  and  my  ship  alarm- 
mji'ly  on  fire,  and  the  slaughter  on  board  having  become 
most  hon'i})le,  I  directed  a  hawser  to  be  bent  to  the  sheet 
anchor,  and  the  bow  anchor  to  be  cut,  to  bring  her  head 
round  :  this  succeeded,  and  we  again  got  our  gutis  to  bear; 
but  the  hawser  soon  gave  way,  and  left  us  a  perfect  wreck. 
The  flames  were  bursting  up  ihe  hatchway,  and  no  hones 
were  entertained  of  saving  the  ship,  as  a  quantity  of  pow- 
der had  already  exploded,  and  the  fire  had  nearly  reached 
the  magazine,  winch  served  to  increase  the  horrors  of  our, 
situitfiou.     I  ihcrolbre  directed  those  who  could  swim,  t» 


'  *i 


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%.   a 


i!i 


if 


i!  4' 


1 


:1 


IP 


"nk  Hi! 


iii  Hil 


;:    '      M 


a5» 


UimORY  OF  THE  WAR 


jump  ovdrl>bnr<),  nn<l  g-aiiithe  tihore.     Some  reached  it 

!>KMue  weie  luken  l»y  th«  enemy — amd  soiie  perislied.  We 
"^ho  reiiiHiiuul,  tiinied  our  attention  wholly  to  extinguiflhiiir> 
the 'flumes;  iijien  we  had  Murceeded»  weift  ag^ain  to  our 
gUi^df  w\ieve  the  lining  was  kept  up  for  some  min  'tes.  AU 
must  every  ^un  having  been  dismounted,  and  lue  impossi* 
l>ility  ot'iYiiikiiiir  further  attempts  to  capture  our  atitairo. 
niMLiy-aud  the  entreaties  of  the  rt  inainder  of  niv  brave  crew, 
to  i!;k>n'<jii<ic  I  lave  Jfhe  wounded,  1  sent  tor  the  officers  of 
divisiuiiHtt  co..sult  them,  but  what  was  niv  surprise,  to  tind 
only  acti.ig-  Lieut.  M'Kuiabl  reinai;)iiit;-.  1  was  informed 
tliul  the  co('k|Ml,  steerage,  w;irf!r«M>m,  and  h  rlh-d<.rk  would 
cont'iiiino  uuvs'e  wouMded;  antl  that  the  ship  was  tillniiv 
with  waler  \try  last.  Tlie  enemy  were  enabkii  fconi  the 
itmoolhneNS  of  the  water,  to  take  aim  at  us  as  a  tari'-et — m 
fiiye^lsuw  no  hopes  ofsavuiifmy  vessel,  or  making  mv  es- 
<ia(4€,  iaftdut  20  iniuutes  pasl  ti  P  M .  gave  the  patittuf  or- 
de^'  to  Kinke  the  colors.  iseveuty-Hve  men,  iiicinchui''  ofh- 
cers,'\icre  all  that  remained  of  my  crew  when  the  ooiurs 
were  struck^  capable  of  doing  duty.  I  directed  au  op|)o- 
site  tyun  fired  to  lihew  we  intended  no  further  res'slance; 
buttliey  did  nol  desist;  a  number  of  men  were  killed  by 
my  side  and  in  other  parts  of  the  ship.  [  now  believed  lie 
intended  to  show  us  no  cpiarler,  and  thought  it  would  be  as 
weJto  diC  with  mv  Hag  ttyiiig-  ius  struck,  and  was  on  the 
puint:gfa;^ain  hoi-sting-it,  ^^hen  10  minutes  after  hauling- 
the  Coloi's  down,  he  ceased  bruig". 

-  -  I  m»wt,  in  iustiiicalion  of  myself  and  crew  observe,  that 
with  our Av^  twelve  poundersonly,  welought  thisaction,  oui* 
carronades  Ikmu;];'  almost  useless. 

vi-.Qur  loss  is  58  killed — 05   wounded — and  31  missiiiff — 


total  l£>4. 


3-. 


d  •!  >'! 


J,;;/   I  have  the  honor  to  l)e,  fkc. 
d  1 1.         >  DAVID  PORTER. 


.  *.  CoL  Mitchell  to  Gen.  lirown*    -       -    '  • 
•(■    :'  u:  i^i  .-'■:  ;.iO  In-'i  t.t-      H.  Q,.  Osweg'o,  May  8, 1814. 

[Extract]  SIR — I  informed  you  of  v,  y  arrival  at  foit 
Osvveg-o  oi»  the  30th  ult.  This  post  being  but  oceasion- 
j>lly  and  not  itceutly  occupied  by  regular  troops,  was  in  a 
bail  state  ot  <lefence.  Of  cannon  we  had  but  five  old  guns, 
three  of  which  had  lo!?t  their  trunnions.  What  ctaiid  be 
done  in  the  way  of  repair  was  effected.     On   the  5lh  insl. 


.  ni»ssni£f — 


fs,  was  111  a 


HISTORY  OV  TUK  WAK, 


*^^. 


vhc  British  naval  force  c(>iiHi!tiiii(f  •>!  I<iiir  lar^c  hliips,  lhre« 
brigs  and  a  number  of  jruti  and  olln-r  lioaln  vviM'f  ilrNcned 
;it  reveille  liealin^  aliuul  Mevcn  inlleM  (roin  the  tort,  liiluri- 
nmtiuii  Mas  iinuiediatc  ly  iriveii  to  Ctt|»t.  Woulsey  ot  Uie 
navv,  (who  was  at  Oi*w»  ^-o  village)  and  lo  the  iieii>"hh«)r- 
iii<^  luililia.  It  heiii^  do(ii)liiil  on  which  »ide  otitic  river 
the  enemy  would  attempt  lo  l;iiid,  and  my  t'orce  (;.'.)0  et- 
t'ectives)  being  loo  suiati  to  l>ear  diviMion,  1  ordered  the 
tents  in  slore  to  l>e  |>itctied  on  the  village  ttide,  while  I  oc- 
cupied the  other  with  iu>  wliolc  t'orce.  It  in  ^irob.ible  that 
this  arlkiice  had  its  elfect,  and  delerniined  the  etienu  lo  at- 
tack where,  from  appearaiiccs,  lliuy  exiK-eted  the  least  op- 
position. About  1  o'elock  the  ilect  approached.  FitVeeii 
boats,  l'«'"ge  and  crowdetl  with  troops,  al  a  givt;ii  sigjia), 
moved  slowly  to  the  shore.  These  were  prc^eedi'd  by  gnii- 
boals  sent  to  rake  the  woods  and  cover  the  landing,  while 
the  larger  vessels  opened  a  lire  iipun  I  he  tort.  dpt. 
Boyle  and  Lieut.  Legate,  (so  s«)on  as  the  debarking  boats 
got  within  range  of  our  shot)  opened  upon  Ihem  a  very 
successful  fire  fix)m  the  shore  battery,  and  compelled  iheiii 
twice  lo  retire.  They  at  length  returned  to  lln  ships  audi 
the  whole  stood  olf  from  lite  shore  tor  belter  anchorage. 
One  of  the  enemy's  boats  which  had  been  deserted,  was 
taken  up  by  us,  and  some  others  by  the  militia.  The  first 
nieiilioned  was  sixty  feet  long,  earned  ihirty-six  onrs  and 
three  sails,  and  could  accommodate  UjO  men.  Hhe  had 
received  a  ball  through  her  bow,  and  was  nciirly  filled 
with  v.ater. 

At  day  break  o»  the  6th  tlie  Heet  apfieared  bearing  up 
tinder  easy  sail.  Tiiey  took  a  position  directly  against 
the  fort  and  batteries,  and  for  three  hours  kept  uj)  a  heavy 
'  ii re  of  grape,  6ic,  Fiiidiug  thai  the  enemy  had  efi'ected  a 
landings  I  withdrew  my  small  dis|>oHuble  force  into  the 
rear  of  the  foil,  and  wnlh  two  companies  met  their  ^idvanc- 
ing  columns,  white  the  other  cotnpanies  engaged  tiie  Banks 
of  the  enemy.  Lieut.  Pierce  of  the  navy  and  some  sea- 
men, joined  in  the  attack  and  fought  with  their  chiiractei- 
islic  bravery.  We  maintained  our  ground  alK>|ut  thirly 
minutes,  and  as  long  as  consisted  with  iny  further  duty  of 
defending  the  public  stores  deposited  at  the  falls,  which  no 
doubt  formed  the  principal  object  of  the  expedition  on  tlie 
part  of  the  enemy.     Nor  was  thiii  udovetuent  made  pr^cifiii* 


¥ 


t,i^ 


rir?)'^^S*S^,K» 


2iSib 


HISTOllir  OV  THE  WAk. 


''ih 


!1^ 


ml 


n 


•'. 


Ultc>?y.  I  haJietl  within  400  yards  of  Ihe  fort.  Capt.  Hu. 
l»ftyiie*iicom  any  formed  the  rear  gfiiard,  and,  lemaunntr 
with  it,  I  mtuched  to  this  |>lace  in  good  order,  deHtro\ih|f 
the  hridc^es  in  iny  rear.  The  enemy  landed  wx  hwmlrtd 
of  De  Watlevill(f'H  rej^iment,  six  hundred  wiarim^H,  ivm 
conipanies  of  the  Glengury  corps,  aixl  Uivee  hundred  and 
Hfly  seamen. 

Gen.  Drnr»imond  and  Com.  Yeo  were  ihe  hind  in\':\  na- 
Tal  Gonmianders.  They  hurned  \\ifi  <»U!  bfirrucks  >  ij 
evacuated  ihffortabuiil  3  o'clock  in  llseninrniagoOiu  ;ih. 
•  Our  loss  in  killed  iN;stx;  in  vvinnuhdas — and  in  mis. 
sin|v,  25.  The  « nemy  1<  st  70  kilicd,  and  !(>.*  wountlcd, 
drowned,  and  prisoners.       •■   ^.    •-•. .   ♦  . .  v,. 


.i,i> 


•la 


-lit! 


,  f  t.' 


'-  Gen.  Brown  to  the  ScrrdfWt/  of  Wm\ 

H.  Q,   Cii.ppewa,  .I»i*y  7,  1814. 

{Extract^^  SIR — Oti  the  2d  njsr.  I  issned  orders  for 
crossing  the  Niagara,  and  made  a iTangoments  deemed  ne- 
cesr  H?y  \m  securni*^  the  Q^nrrison  of  fort  Erie — the  3d,  that 
post  surreudered,  at  5  P.  M.  Onr  loss  in  this  affair,  was 
4  wounded. — lJi7  prisoners,  including  1  Major,  1  Capt.  3 
Lieuts.  and  1  ensi<2^n,  with  tiie  nmvnun>tioii  and  cannon  be- 
loiiging  to  the  post  were  sunendend  to  us. 

On  the  morniitg'  of  the  4th,  Brig.  Gen.  8coU,  was  order- 
ed to  ad  ranee  towards  Chip]>ewii,  nnd  be  governed  by 
circumstances  ;  taknig  cure  to  secure  a  good  military  po« 
6itiOn  for  the  night ;  after  some  skirmisHii^g',  he  selected 
this  plain  with  the  eye  of  a  soidier,  his  right  resting  on  the 
river,  and  a  ravine  being  in  front.  At  11  at  niglU  I  joined 
him,  with  the  reserve  under  Brig.  Gen.  Kiptey,  with  onr 
lield  and  battering  train,  and  corps  of  artillery.  The  next 
morning  Gen.  Porter  arrived  with  a  part  o4'the  Pentisylva- 
nia  and  N.  York  volunteers,  and  some  IndiduN.  Early  ii\ 
the  morning  of  the  6th,  the  enemy  commenced  a  petty  war 
upon  our  pickets,  and,  as  he  was  indulged,  bis  presumption 
increased, 

At  4  P.  M.  agreeably  to  my  orders.  Gen.  Porter  advanc- 
ed from  tht  rear  of  our  camp,  taking  the  woods  in  order  to 
keep  out  of  view  of  the  enemy,  in  hopes  of  surrounding 
th^ifscouking  parties.  In  half  an  hour  Porter's  commatul 
Ivietthe  light  parties  and  drove  them  to  camp  ;  and  near 
€H)ip{>eWa,  met  thttir  w4iole  <3olumn  in  order  of  bttttic   { 


JiisTuirr  OFfrns  was. 


2dL 


tiiimeilittU'iv  ortloretl  Gen.  Scott  lO'  ailvanco   with  his  bri- 
gradc,  and  Towsuii's  nrkil)ery,  wfarinieL  llitiuMpoii  Uwki^li 
pliiiii  in  tVoiitut'our  caiu|>.      lie  nUvniu'Cil  in  llieuuMt  oiii-> 
cerlike  %iyU\  nntiiii  nfcw  niinutci  ixas  in  olotie  »cliiN)»  nilii 
i\  snpcM'iur  forct;  of  Brilisli  retifitiarsi.     Gen.  Portcr*s  com* 
itianii  Ir.ul  ^iven  way,>  aiiU  fleil  in  every  dirtcliun,  iviiicU 
CiiUsoil  Scott's  left  tliink  to  be^  i^rcHllv  exposed.      Cupt. 
Hiirns,  with  iiis  dragoons,  was  clirettiii  to  stofn  the  the;  i'u-> 
^iliv<}t>,  behind  tlte  ravine  fruntin^^  ouroauip;  Gen.  Ripley 
wa»  directed  to  |>aHs  to  the  left  and  skirl  the  \vuodi(»  so  a^ 
to  keep  cut  of  view,  an?'  fall  upon  the  real*  of  ihe  enemyn 
right  flank.     This  order  was  promptly  obuycd,   and  tho 
(ri*eate.<tt  esertioius  made    to  close  U'ilh  the  enemy,  bat  in 
vairi ;  for  such  wan  the  zeal  and  activity  of  the  line  com- 
manded  by  Gen.  Scott,  that  it   was  not  to  be  checked. 
Maj.  Jessup.  commanding  the  left  Hunk,  finding  himself 
pressed  iu  front  and  flank,  and  hismeii  falling  fast  around 
hiai,  ordered  hisbattallion  to  ^  support  arm&y  and  advance  ;* 
the  order  was  promptly  obeyed,  amidst  a  most  deadly  and 
destructive  tire.     He  grained  a  more   stymie  position,  ami 
returned  ^pon  the  enemy  so  gallin:ga  lUschargc,  ascaosed 
them  tt>  retire.     By  this  time  tiieir  whole  line   was  falling 
hack,  and  our  g;aUant  soldiers  presMng  upon  thcra,   when 
they  broke  their  lines,  and  ran  to  rcscam  their  works.  -  In 
this  effort  he  was  too   successful,   when   the  guns  opeued 
immediately  upou  our  line,  and  checked,  in  some  de^ree^ 
the  |Hirsuit.     At  ihismomeut,  I  determined  to  bring  up  ray 
ordnance,  and  force  the  place  by  a  direct  attack  ;  Major 
Wood,  of  the  engineers,  and  Capt.  Austin,  my  aid,  rode  to 
the  right  of  their  hhc  of  works  and  examined  them ;  I  was 
induced  by  tlieir  re[,)ort,   to  order  the  forces   to  retire  to 
camp,  till  a  future  time. 
Respectfully  and  Uuly  yours.       JACOB  BROVViS.o! 

AMERICAN  LOSS.  Ui     j  <• 

Killed  60 — wounded  244 — missing  19.  vlj  uu  o3 
'  BRITISH  LOSS.  ■■.  .',L 

,    Killed  109 — wounded  9120 — prisoners  24o 


■'T 


'1  i;l 


BLAKELEYS  VICTORY. 

Capl.  Blakeleu  to  the  Secretary  of  llie  Navy. 

U.  S.  S.  Wasp,  L'Orient,  July  8, 1^14. 
SIR — On  Tuesday  the  28ih  ult.  being  then  in  latitude 
48,  36  N.  and  lon^.  U,  lo  W.  we  fell  iu  with,  engaged 


'(%■  v- 


mi 


Li 


262 


HISTORTOr  TB£  WAR. 


I   I  ' 


fi 


'  rl 


.III  i|i;|;i; 


1 

: 

i  i 

1 

N 1] 


I  Mi 


..  n 


;  rit 


i.  :i 


,'S  <!; 


}  .-i 


!    ■: 


and  after  nn  action  of  1^  minutes  cnptared  hin  Brilnniiiv 
inaie»ty*M  sloop  of  war  Reindeer,  William  Maniieru.  Enq. 
commander. 

At  half  paHt  12,  P.  M.  the  enemy  shewed  n  blue  ami 
white  flag^^  diagonally  at  the  fore,  and  iired  a  gini.  At  1, 
16,  called  all  hands  to  quarters,  and  prepared  for  action  ; 
1,  22,  believing  we  could  weather  the  enemy,  tncked  sliip 
and  stood  ibr  him;  1,  50,  the  enemy  tacked  ship  ami 
stood  from  us;  1,50,  hoisted  our  colora  and  tired  a  gtni 
to  windward  ;  at  2,  20,  iho  enemy  still  Ntandiiig  from  us, 
set  the  royals  ;  at  2,  26,  set  the  flyini^  s^ib  ;  nt  2,  2i),  set  the 
upper  staysails  ;  at  2,  32,  the  enemy  liuvin|jr  tacked  for  us 
took  in  the  staysails;  at  2,  47,  turled  the  royals  ;  at  2,  61, 
seeing'  that  the  enemy  would  be  able  to  weather  us,  tacked 
ship ;  at  3,  3,  the  enemy  hoisted  his  flying  gil) — brailed 
up  our  mizen  ;  at  3,  16,  the  enemy  on  our  weather  quar- 
ter, distant  about  60  yards,  tired  his shi /'ling  gun,  a  12  pound 
carronade  at  us,  loaded  with  round  and  grape  shot  from  his 
top-gallaiit  forecastle;  at  3,  17,  fired  the  same  gun  a  se- 
cond time  ;  at  3,  19,  fired  it  a  third  time ;  at  3, 21,  fired  it 
a  fourth  time ;  at  3,  24,.  a  fifth  shot,  all  from  the  same  gun. 
Finding  the  enemy  did  not  get  sjfKciently  on. the  beam  to 
enable  us  to  bring  our  guns  to  bear,  put  the  helm  a-lee, 
and  at  26  minutes  after  3,  commenced  the  action  with  the 
after  carronade  on  the  starboard  side,  and  fired  in  succes- 
sion ;  at  3,  34,  hauled  up  the  mainsail ;  ai  3, 40,  the  enemy 
having  his  lai  board  bow  in  contact  with  our  larboard  quar- 
ter, endeavored  to  board  us,  brt  was  repulsed  in  every  at- 
tempt ;  at  3,  44,  orders  were'given  to  l>.>ard  in  turn,  wh'ch 
were  promptly  executed,  when  all  resistance  immediately 
ce<ised,  and  at  3,  46,  the  enemy  hauled  down  his  flag. 

The  Reindeer  mounted  sixteen  24  lb.  carronades,  two 
long  6  or  9  pounders,  und  a  shifting  12  lb.  carronade,  with 
a  complement  on  board  of  118  men.  Her  crew  was  said 
to  be  the  pride  of  Plymouth. 

The  Reindeer  was  literally  cut  to  pieces  in  a  line  with 
her  ports ;  her  iipperworks,  boats,  and  spare  spars,  were 
one  complete  wreck.  A  breeze  springing  up  the  next 
afternoon,  her  foremast  went  by  the  board. 

Having  received  all  the  prisoners  on  boari?,  which  from 
f  he  number  of  wounded  occupied  much  time,  together  with 


J5i^     5i 


'    i 


Q  f/  .77  c  [ 


ol  lv:n  ,K  OS  M 


HISTORY  OF  TUB  W<m. 


2i» 


(h'^'irbsi^g^ut^e,  the  Reiiideer  wait  on  the  evening  ofthe  29lh 
tel  on  fire,  unci  in  u  few  huum  blew  up. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  >cc. 

J.  BLAKELEY. 

;,  AMERICAN  LOSS.  / 

Killed  5 — wounded  :21. 

BRITISH  ti>SS. 

..;  »>.i.j>>M     Killed  23 — wounded  42. 

Gen.  Brown  to  the  Secretary  of  IVar.  ^ 

'       '    '  Buff uio,  A ugf .  1 7,  1 8 1 4.    ' 

\V!>xiracl.'\  SIR — Yow  are  aUeiidy  apprised  that  the 
,uiuy  had  on  the  2«>lh  utt.  taken  a  poMitioii  at  Chiitpewa. 
Al)out  noon  of  that  day,  Col.  Swill,  who  was  posted  at 
Ltwistown,  a<l vised  me  by  express,  that  ll»e  eiicniy  appear- 
ed in  considerable  force  in  Queenston,  and  on  iLs  iieiy;ht8; 
tiuit  four  of  the  ejiemy's  fleet  had  arrived  duri  g  the  pre- 
ceding nig^ht,  and  were  then  laying  near  fort  Niaguia,  and 
that  a  number  of  boats  were  in  view,  moviii'^  up  (he  strait. 
Within  a  few  minutes  after  this  intelligence  had  been  re- 
reived,  I  was  further  informed  by  C.ipt  .Denmon,  of  the 
(jimrter  master's  department,  that  the  enemy  were  landing 
ut  Lewistowii,  and  that  our  baggage  and  stores  at  Schios- 
ser.  and  on  their  way  thither,  were  in  danger  of  immedi- 
ate capture.  Gen.  Scott,  with  the  1st  brigade,  Towsoa*s 
artillery,  and  all  the  dragoons  and  mounted  men,  were 
accordingly  put  in  march  on  the  road  leading  to  Q,ueens- 
Idii,  with  orders  to  report  if  liiC  enemy  appeared,  and  to 
fall  for  assistance  it  that  was  iicctssary.  On  the  Generars 
aniviil  attiie  Fallshe  learned  that  the  enemy  was  in  force 
(iiit'ctly  in  his  front — a  narrow  piece  of  woods  alone  inter- 
cepting his  view  of  them.  Waiting  only  to  give  this  infor- 
iiiiition  he  advanced  upon  them.  By  the  time  Assistant 
Adj.  Gen.  Jones  had  delivered  his  message,  the  action  be- 
gan ;  and  before  the  remaining  part  of  the  division  had 
tiossed  the  Chippewa,  it  hud  become  cK»se  and  general  be- 
tween the  advance  corps.  Though  geu.  Riply  with  the 
■id  brigade.  Major  ilindman  with  the  corps  ot  artillery,  and 
Gen.  Porter  as  the  head  of  his  command,  had  respectively 
pressed  forward  with  ardor,  it  was  not  less  than  an  hour 
before  they  were  brought  to  sustain  Gen.  Scott,  during 
Miiit-h  lime  his   command  most   skilfully   and   gallantly 


\ 


I 


!  ) 


i  ■; 


l:| 


*.* 


■'v?^- 


-11 


264 


lll>1'Q^«f  ^F  THE  WAll. 


!    I 


'  mm 


tnftmtattied  lhi»  conflict.     l'|>bii  my  um\  al  I  fouud  ihiit  \\\c 
General  huil   |iiissi?<l  the  \v<)od  and  criL»'!»i;tMl  Iho  e-U  in\  ni 
QuecMMtuii  loud,  and  on  tli^  «t°ro(n>d   to  tht^  Ult  ut'  it,  \mi|| 
l!ie  6fch,  I  Ith,  ahil  J^a  rc-is.  and  Towsoii's  arldliry.    Tl.i 
^•Olh  hid  been  tin  own  to  the  i'i;»hl  k«  lie  |^i>vt'»iud  h\  cir- 
cuinsUnco.      Ai>|)rth«Midin}<  Ihii*  Ihew 'corps  wtre  inncii 
exhausted,  and  kiu)vviu;>' thai  the^  had  sntVered  sevtrtiy,  I 
determined    to  inlt»|»<>se  u  new   line  \\M\\    llie  ail  aiitisi'^ 
iroo|;s,  and  thus  dis.  iiMa«»e  <^en.  Scolt  and  ht)ld  his  lin^iul, 
in  reserve.      OrdtTs  weie  aceordinu^ly  given  to  }>en.  K  p- 
ley.     The  tnenn  's  arlilkiv  ut  this  nionienl  oeeunied  a  hill 
which  gave  liun  j^ieal  advantages,  and  was  the  key  ot'  lli»' 
Mrhole  position.     It  was  !4U))))urle(l  by  a  line  ut'  infantry. 
To  Meciit'e  llu'  victory,  it  wa^  moessarv  to  carry  this  arid- 
lery  and  .sei/.e  t!ie  Ini^lrt.     This  duly  was  assijrneuto  Col. 
•Miller,  whiio,  to  favor  its  execiilion,  the  1st  re^^inieiit,  un- 
der tlt€  cointnftnd  of  Col.  Nicholas,   was  directed  to  me 
nace  and  aniivst;  the  infantry.     To  my  i^renl  mortificalioii 
ihisrcuitnent,  after  a  discharge  or  two,  jjfive  wnV  and  ic- 
treated  some  distance  l)efore  it  could  be  rallied,  thoufili  ii 
is  believed  the  officers  of  the  regiment  exerted  themselves 
to  shorten  this  distance.     In  the  mean  time,  Col.  Milltr. 
without  reg'ardhii?  this  occurrence,  advanced  steadily  and 
g^allantly  to  his  object,  and  carried  the  height  Und  the  can- 
non.    Cien.  lliplcy  brought  u|)  the  23d  (which  had  also 
faultered)  to  his  supjjnrt,  and  the  enemy  disappeared  from 
before  l\wm.     The  1st  i^egiment  was  now  brought  into  lim 
'on  the  left  ot  the  x?lsl,  and  the  detachments  of  the  17lh  and 
19lh,  Gen.  rorlC'  »tccupying,  with  his  command  the  exlrnne 
lel\.  AbontlhettnioCol.  Ali Her  carried  the  enemy's  cannon. 
the  25th  regiment,  under  Maj.  Jessap,  was  engaged  in  ;i 
more  obstinate  cordiict  with  all  that  remained  to  dispute  wilii 
us  the  field  of  buttle.    TheMaj.  as  has  been  already  stated, 
had  been  ordered  by  Gen.  Scott,at  the  commencement  olllu 
action,  to  take  ground  to  his  right.     He  had  succeeded  !■ 
turning  the  eneniy's  left  flank — had  captured  (by  a  dit-itli 
ment  under  Capt.  Kelchum^  Gen.  Rial)  and  sinidry  ollr 
.    officers,  and  shewed  himself  again  to  his  own  army,  in  > 
blaze  of  filv,  which  defi aled  or  destroyed  a  very  sirpi  ih ; 
force  of  the  enemy.     He  wtis  ordered  to  form  on  the  ri^i 
of  the  2d  rcgiiucnt.     The  enemy  rally  ing  his  forces,  ;imi;:> 
is  beli('\td,  having  received  reinforcements,  now  atlen^iili ' 


niSTOEY  OF  TUE  WAR. 


265 


to  drive  uh  from  our  positions,  and  rei(uin  hi*  arlilUrv.— - 
Our  line  was  unMhtikHii,  aic)  Uie  enemy  repiilMfid.  Two 
other  allempts  having  th«  h.\\nc  object,  nad  the  same  iit.MM>. 
(ieii.  Scoli  was  a^aiii  ciij^a^ed  in  repelliii((  the  (brnier  of 
these }  and  the  lanl  I  siiw  oi'  him  on  the  iieUl  ol  battle,  he 
waH  near  theliead  uf  Uxh  culumii,  and  ;;ivui^  in  iIh  march  a 
direction  that  would  have  placed  him  on  liie  enemy *m  ri^ht. 
Il  Mas  with  great  pleasure  1  saw  Uie  guod  order  aod  nilre- 
pidity  of  Gen.  Purler's  volunteers  from  the  niomeitl  uf  their 
arrival,  but  during  the  last  charge  4>f  the  enemy,  those  (pia- 
lilies  were  conspicuous.  Stimulated  by  the  examples  set 
by  their  gallant  leader,  by  Maj.  Wood,  of  the  Pennsylvania 
corps,  by  Col.  Dobbin,  of  New- York,  and  by  their  oHicers 
generally,  they  precipitated  themselves  Ujion  the  enemy's 
line,  and  made  all  the  prisoners  which  were  taken  at  thia 
point  of  the  action. 

Having  been  for  some  time  wounded,  and  been  a  good 
deal  exhausted  by  loss  of  blood,  it  becaoie  my  wish  to  de- 
volve the  command  on  Gen.  Scott,  and  retire  from  the  field ; 
but  on  enquiry,  I  had  the  misrorlune  to  learn,  that  he  was 
disabled  by  wounds ;  I  therefore  kept  my  post,  and  had 
the  satisfaction  to  see  the  enemy's  last  effort  repulsed.  I 
now  consigned  the  command  to  Gen.  Ripley. 

I  saw  and  felt  the  victory  was  complete.  Tiie  exhaus- 
tion of  our  men  was  such  as  made  some  refreshment  neces- 
sary. They  particularly  required  water;  I  therefore  or- 
dered Gen.  Kipley  to  return  to  camp,  after  bringing  off  the 
dead,  wounded,  and  artillery,  which  was  effected  in  good 
order.     I  have  the  honor  to  be,  3cc. 

JACOB  BROWN. 

AMERICA14LOSS.  .    r« 

Killed,  171— AVomided,  572— Missing,  110. 

•  [  BRITISH   LO^S. 

Killed,  184— Wounded,  559— Prisoners,  221. 


i 


I'  1 


Gen.  Gaines  to  the  Hecrelary  of  War.  -■  , 

Fort  Erie,  Aug.  23,  1814. 
{Extract^  SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  communicate  the 
particulars  of  the  battle  fought  at  this  place,  on  the  15th 
inst.  I  ha\e  heretofore  omitted  staling  to  you,  that  during 
the  13lh  and  14lh,  the  enemy  had  kept  up  a  brisk  cannon- 
ade upon  this  fort,  which  was  briskly  returned  from  our 

.It 


ni 


«^i 


* 


^m 


HlffrORT  or  THE  WAM. 


!    I 


I      I, 


.|!li! 


•  i 


j:j 

>  -■ 

M'   il 

i 

\    ■ 

it 

il 

d  il 

il 

il 

1 

t 

1 

IB 

1    , 

■ 

^ 

By 

raj 

• 

bnltericx,  without  any  conHtdfTiible  \onn  un  oinv  juxrk.  At 
6,  A.  M.  nt'tho  1/yth,  one  ot'tlieirMhelln  !' •  >ihJ  :.i  a  ffmall 
mng^a/ine  in  Foil  Erie,  whirh  vinA  foiiunntei y  aimoiitemp< 
i\.  It  blew  up  with  tin  exploNion  more  awful  in  itn  up- 
ptarance«  than  injurious  in  nn  <  ATertM,  n»  it  ditl  not  cll^»Hllle 
n  man,  or  derancj^c  a  jj^nn.  It  occasioiifd  but  a  momt'nt- 
ar>  CPSHfllioi)  of  tne  thunders  of  the  artdli  ry  on  bulh  sidet^; 
it  was  followed  by  a  loud  and  joyruu^  shout  by  the  Untiivh 
nnny,  which  was  nnmediately  answered  on  our  part,  and 
Ciipt.  Williams,  amidst  the  smoke  of  the  explosion,  renew- 
ed the  contest  with  an  animated  ronr  of  his  heavy  eaiirori. 
The  ni^ht  was  dark  and  rainv,  but  ih^  fntldnl  eenlinel 
«lr[>t  not.  At  half  past  2  o*c'ock,  the  riy[ht  coluiiiii  ol  the 
enemy  approached,  and  though  eiive'oped  in  darknesH,* 
black  sLs  his  designs  and  principles,  was  distinctlv  hf:ird  on 
our  left,  imd  promptly  marked  by  our  mnskelry  and  can- 
non. Being  nmunled  at  the  moment,  i  repaired  to  ihe. 
point  of  attack,  where  the  sheet  of  fire  enabled  me  to  sec 
the  eiiemy*s  rolumn,  abo«it  loOO  men,  apuro-.tciiing  on  that 
point ;  Ins  advance  was  nut  checked  until  it  hud  approach- 
ed within  leu  feet  of  our  infantry.  A  line  of  loose  brush 
representiii^f  an  abcttis  only  intervened  ;  a  column  of  the 
enemy  ntti  mpted  to  pass  round  the  aOeltis  throu<^h  the  wa- 
ter, where  it  was  nearly  breast  deep.  At  this  mnmeot  the 
eneitiy  were  repulsed,  but  instantly  renewed  the  charge, 
land  were  again  repulsed.  My  attention  was  now  called 
to  the  right,  where  our  batteries  and  lines  w^re  lighted  by 
Ti  most  brilliant  fire  of  Ci^mton  and  musketry  ;  it  announc- 
ed the  approach  of  the  centre  and  left  columns  of  the  en- 
emy, midfrf  Cols.  Drnmmond  and  Hcolt ;  they  were  soon 
repulsed.  That  of  the  centre,  led  by  Col.  Drummoiid  was 
not  long  kept  in  check  ;  it  apprnacheil  at  once  every  as- 
sai'able  point  of  the  fivrt,  and  with  scaling*  ladders,  ascend- 
ed the  parapet,  but  was  repulsed  with  dreadful  carnage.— 
The  assault  was  twice  repeated,  and  as  often  checked  ;  but 
the  enemy  having  moved  round  the  d:lch,  covered  with 
darkness,  and  the  heavy  cloud  of  smoke  which  rolled  from 
our  cannon  and  musketry,  repented  the  charge,  and  re-as- 
cended  the  ladders,  when  their  pikes,  bayonets  and  spears, 

*  *  /  niih  several  ofviy  rrffuers,  aereral  times,  fiean'  nrders given,  to  givi 
the  damned  Yankee  rascals  no  quarters.' 


lUSTOAY  OB*  THK  WAR. 


ad7 


ersgivetif  togivi 


Xell  upon  our  gftllant  urlilltinMls.  Our  biitlion  \v»s  iosi  i 
Lit^ut.  M'L)ouuu)rb,  bem^-  severely  wuuiiUcU  (IcuiaiiUrd 
quarter — it  wuh  retuMMl  liv  C«>i.  Oniiniiioiui.  ^]*l)()l)oll^fil 
then  H«i/ftla  lundn,  lice,  uutl  itul)U  iicMeiiilud  lnuiHell'  ijolit 
he  wn»MtK)l  (iuwii  with  a  |>ihtol  i>y  the  muMx/cr  vtlui  hau  ru* 
fused  him  quarter,  who  oiieii  reileraled  the  order — t/ivv  the 
damned  yankte  rusca'v  no  t/uarier.  Tiim  hardened  uiunicr- 
er  Houii  met  htn  tale  ;  he  waH^hut  (hiuugh  (he  hreo^t  while 
repeatinjyr  the  order,  to  t/we  no  <juailer.       t-      <  <«-  ^  <'■  'J 

The  buli'.e  now  rn^ed  with  inereuHed  fury  on  the  rig;ht, 
but  on  tlie  left  the  enemy  wmm  r«|iuliied  and  put  to  Hi«>ht. 
Thence  and  from  the  centre  I  ordeieU  leinloi cements. — 
They  were  promptlv  Hent  bv  Bri)(.  Gen.  Uipley  and  Br  g-. 
Gen.  Porter.  Capl.  Fauning-,  ot  the  rurpnof  artil  er>,  kept 
up  a  spirited  and  detitruciive  tire  with  his  field  pieces  on 
the  enemy  while  altemplinj^  to  approach  the  tort.  iMajor 
Hindnian'si  gallant  eAbrtti,  aided  by  Mitj.  Trimble,  having 
failed  to  drive  the  enemy  from  the  bastion  with  the  remain- 
ing artillerists  tud  infantry  in  the  fort,  Cupt.  Birdsall  of  the 
4th  rifle  regiment,  with  a  detachment  oi  riHemen,  gallant- 
ly  rushed  in  through  the  gateway  to  their  assistance,  and 
with  Sitme  infantry  charged  the  enemy ;  but  was  repulsed 
and  the  Captain  severely  wounded.  A  detachaient  from 
the  lltb,  19th,  and  2 2d  infantry,  under  Capt.  Foster  of 
the  11th,  were  introduced  over  the  interior  bastion,  for  the 
purpose  of  charging  the  enemy.  Major  Hall,  Assist.  Ins. 
Gen.  very  handsomely  tendered  his  services  to  lead  the 
charsfe.  The  charge  was  gallantly  made  by  Capt  Foster 
and  Maj.  Hall,  but  owing  to  the  narrowness  of  the  passage 
up  to  the  bastion  admitting  only  2  or  3  men  abreast,  it  fail- 
ed. It  was  often  i*epeated,  and  as  often  checked.  The 
enemy's  force  iu  the  bastion  was,  however,  much  cut  to 
pieces  and  diminished  by  our  artillery  and  small  arms.  At 
this  moment  every  operation  was  arrested  by  the  explosion 
of  some  cartrnlges  deposited  in  the  end  of  the  stone  build'- 
ing  adjoining  the  contested  bastion.  Tiie  explosion  vcus 
tremendous — it  was  decisive  :  the  bastion  was  restored.  At 
this  moment  Capt.  Biddle  was  ordered  to  cause  a  field 
piece  to  be  posted  so  as  to  enfilade  the  exterior  plain  and 
«alient  glacis.      Capt  Fauning's  battery  likewise  played 


» 1  !'■ 


!      1 


m 


\  . 


266 


HISTORY  OP  THE  WA1I. 


j. 

\'\^ 


; 


t  ' 


i 

i  1'  1  ! 

1    'I 

i  i^  '1  f 

1    J  i 

•1  ': 

i'   il ' 

.r 

i'.iil  i 

I    %\ 

1. 

1 

upon  Ihem  at  Ihiii  lime  with  t:»*cal  effect.  The  entimy 
were  in  a  lew  moinenU  enlirel)  clet'ealed,  taken,  or  put  lo 
flight.  .  ,     .  .  — ,i 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sec. 
•  ^  '  EDMUND  P.  (  AINES. 

.A\   >'\  <   -.   v.:  ..,    ..       AMEKICAN  LOSS. 

Killed  17— WouiKled  66— Missing  11— Total  84. 

BRITISH  LOSS.  '    '  -'   '  '"'  '    ' '"-  '  ' 

Killed  422— Wounded  3.>4— Prisoners  i  86— Total  963. 


.''.ii', 


,i 


CHAPTER  XII. 


if   v-l'l    •!»>?/     /f.. 


CAPTURE  OF  WASHINGTON  AND  ALEX- 
ANDRIA. 

Copy  of  a  letter  from  tlie  mayor  of  Alexandria  to  the  mayor 

of  GeoryetofVH. 

Dfak  SiK-T-Eiiclo8ed  is  a  cop)f  of  the  terms  proposed 
to  thecoumioii  council  of  Alexandria,  by  the  couimaiiding 
officer  of  the  Nquadron  now  lying  before  the  town,  to  which 
they  were  compelled  to  submit. 

"Very  respeclfullv,  &c.  ' 

CHARLES  SIMMS. 
TERMS  OF  CAPITULATION,     ^i.^i     h 
..    *       His  Majesly\  skip  ISeu  Horse f 
\  Off"  Alexandrioy  29/A  Avy.  1814. 

Gentlemen — In  consequence  of  a  deputation  yester- 
day received  from  the  city  of  Alexandria,  requestinj^  fa- 
vorable terms  for  the  safety  of  the  city,  the  undermention- 
ed are  the  only  conditions  in  my  power  to  offer. 

The  town  of  Alexandria,  with  the  exception  of  public 
works,  shall  not  be  destroyed,  unless  hostilities  are  com- 
menced on  the  part  of  the  Americans,  nor  shall  the  inhabi- 
tants be  molested  in  any  manner  whatever,  or  their  dwel- 
ling houses  entered,  if  the  following  articles  are  complied 
with : 

Art.  1.  All  naval  and  ordnance  stores,  public  er  private 
must  be  immediately  delivered  up. 

2.  Possession  will  be  immediately  taken  of  all  the  ship- 
ping, and  their  furniture  must  be  sent  on  board  by  the  own- 
ers without  delay. 


HISTORY  OF  TflE  WAR. 


960 


^! 


3.  The  vessels  thnt  liave  l>e*»n  snuk  nm!*t  b«  <leViv,  red 
u|>  in  the  slate  lhe\  ^»erf,  on  the  HMli  ot  Aui;ns<,  llie  day 
oi  the  squiul roil  puKsins:  Use  Ktttle  BuUuuik. 

4.  Merchandize  ut  every  oescn(»lion  lumt  be  insti  iitly 
delivered  up,  and  to  prevent  uiiy  ineiruliirily,  thut  niitfht 
Im'  committed  in  itM  eiiitiarkation,  the  iiierchaniK  have  it  at 
their  option  to  lo;id  the  vessels  generally  employed  tor  ttmt 
mirpose,  ^hen  they  shall  be  towed  oti  by  us. 

5.  All  merchandise  that  has  been  removed  fr«>m  A'ex- 
undria,  since  the  19lh  Inst,  is  to  be  incttided  in  the  above 
articles.       '-^  ""'  ''•"'•i'"   {•*>".'"■!    •'■■r'^iv.i'/}  rvajufu  i"n:iqi*fi 

0.  Refreshm»:nt8  of  every  description  to  be  supplied  the 
ships,  and  paid  for  at  the  market  price,  by  bills  on  the  Bri- 
tish government. 

7.  Officers  wii,    e  appointed  to  see  that  nrticles  No.  2,  3» 

4aitd  5,  are  8tri<    y  complied  with,  .and  anv  de*.  lation  or 

iioii-compliance,  on  the  part  of  the  mhuhilanis  ot  Alexan- 

dna,  will  render  this  treaty  null  ami  void. ''    "    ^'  » '   »«'" 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c.  ''^  "'»»> 

JOHN  A  GORDON,        ' "^ 
. ,  s    .  i>  .     .  ,:    Captain  of  H.  M.  slup  Sea  ifnrse, 
■'  and  senior  officer  of  H.  M,  dhips  ojf  Alexandria. 
To  the  common  council  ' '*** 

ofthe  town  of  Alexandria.     ■'      '  .:.'<•  i      ..!;.- ' 


Gen.  Winder  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Baltimore,  August  27,  1814. 

Sir — When  th€  enemy  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Poto- 
mac, of  all  the  militia  which  I  had  been  authorised  to  as- 
semble, there  were  but  about  1700  in  the  field,  from  liUo 
1400  nnder  Gen.  Stansbiiry  near  thi;>  place,  and  about  250 
at  Bladensburgh,  under  Lieut.  Col.  Ks-ntr. 

After  all  the  force  that  could  be  put  at  my  disposal  in 
thatshort  time,  and  making  such  dispositions  as  I  deemed 
best  calculated  to  present  the  most  respectable  forre  at 
whatever  point  the  enemy  might  strike,  1  v\as enabled  by 
the  most  active  and  harrassing  movements  of  the  troops  to 
interpose  before  the  enemy  at  Bladensburgh  about  5000 
men,  including  350  regulais  and  Commodore  Barney's 
command.  Much  the  largest  portion  of  this  force  arrived 
oi  the  ground  when  the  enemy  were  in  sight,  ai.d  were 
disposed  of  to  support  in  the  best  manner  the  position  which 


h| 


^J 


■I 


270 


HISTORY  or  THE  WAK. 


Gen.  Slao»bnry  had  taken.  Tiiey  had  barely  re»<hcil  Uie 
ground  before  the  action  commenced,  which  was  abuut  1 
o'clock  P.  M.  of  the  2  Uh  inst.  and  continued  about  uu 
hour. 

Tiie  :irtillery  from  B.dtimore  supported  by  M-ij.  Pink- 
Bey's  rifle  battalion,  and  a  part  of  dipt.  DoiighU'^\s  from 
thi  nav;  yard,  were  in  advance  to  command  the  pusii  of 
the  brid^  ■  at  Bladen8bur^:h,  and  played  upon  the  enemy, 
with  very  destructive  etiect.  But  the  ritle  troops  were  oh. 
lij^ed  after  some  time  to  i*etire,  .ind  of  course  tlie  artillery. 
Superior  numbers  however  rushed  upon  them  and  made 
their  retreat  neteiiSitrv,  not  however  without  great  loss  on 
the  part  of  the  enemy.      •  » -  *•*<■=  —^-  '    ■  >■* 

The  rig^ht  and  centre  of  Slansbiiry's  brigade  consistingrof 
Lieut.  Col.  Hagairsand  ShulerN  regiments,  generally  ^ave 
way  very  soon  afterwards,  with  the  exception  of  about  40, 
rallied  b\  Col.  K.igan,  after  having  lost  his  horse,  and  tiie 
■whole  or  a  »arl  oi  Capt.  Shower's  company,  both  of  whom 
•Gen.  Stansbury  represents  to  have  made,  even  thuki  desert- 
ed, a  gallant  stand.  iL 

T5*e  reserve  under  Brig.  Gen.  Smith  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  with  the  militia  of  the  city  and  Georgetown, 
with  the  regulars  and  some  detachments  oi  Maryland  mili- 
tia, flanked  on  their  right  by  Com.  Barney,  and  his  hrave 
fellows,  and  Lieut.  Col.  Beal,  still  were  on  the  right  on  the 
hill,  and  mamtained  the  contest  for  some  time  with  great 
effect.  ;.     .. ,(,('-,    'ir.H 

'  It  is  not  with  me  to  report  the  conduct  of  Com.  Barney, 
and-his  command,  nor  can  Lspeak  from  observation,  being 
too  remote,  but  the  concurrent  testimony  of  all  who  did  ob- 
serve tbem,  does  them  the  highest  justice  for  their  lirave 
resistance  and  the  destructive  tffect  they  produced  on  the 

enemy.    K  ■!?■•    *  ?.?;..,>  i ;,'    ,..•.•(;■<  ».;';?;.■:  ■:  :''■ 

From  the  best  intelligence,  there  remains  but  little  doubt 
that  the  enemy  lost  at  least  four  hundred  killed  and  wound- 
ed, and  of  these  a  very  unusual  portion  kitied. 

Our  loss  cannot,  1  think,  be  estimated  al  oiorethan  from 
thirty  to  forty  killed,  and  Hfty  to  sixty  wouiMled>  and  one 
hundred  and  twenty  prisoners.  -  is 

*      ;•  I  am,  with  very  ereat  respect,  &c. 

WILLIAM  H.  WINDER 


:  1 


rv 


i\  ;,A  :(  1  i>  if 


:»   » 


1     '"I 


UU9TORT  OF  Tlf«  WAR. 


'271 


rreat  loss  on 


Com.  Bametf  t*>  fhe  Sfcreloty  o/ihe  Navy.      ^  ^» 
Faiin,  at  Elk  ruige.  Annr,  '29,'  i814.    ' 
\Extract.^^  SlU — This  is  the  first  niumeiit  I  have  ti»cl  it 
in  iny  power  to  innke  u  roporl  ot   lh#*  |)r<»<'et'din}j"«  of  th© 
force*  aml^r  my  conimBud  since  I  had  the  honor  ofseei.ig 
yon  on  Tuts(iay,  the  '2-3<l  iust.   at  the  camp  at  the  'Old 
iFields.'      On  the  afternoon  of  that  day  we  were  inUinneU 
thid  ihe  enemy  was  advancing  upon  us.      U«r  army  was 
n«t  into  order  of  bailie  and  onr  posil.ons  Inken  ;   my  forces 
werv?  on  Uie  right  flanked  l>y  llie  iwo  batalionsof  t»>   3(}th 
and  38lh  n'Sjimtnts,      A   iilllf  Inlore  suhsel  Gen.  Winder 
came  to  me   and  recominended  that  the  heavy  arlillery 
shouhl  bo  withdrawn,  with  the  exceplion  ofoiie  12  pouiulpr 
to  cover  the  reti-eat.     We  took  np  Ihe  line  of  march  in  the 
i;inrht,     and   entered    Washiug-ton   by  ihe  Easttni  Branch 
briHge.      The  Gen.  requesud  me  to  take  command  and 
place  my  artillei-y  to  derend  tiie  passage  of  the  bridge  on 
ihe  Eastern  Branch,  as   the  enemy  was   approaching  the 
city  in  that  direction.     I  immediately  put.  my  guny  in  posi- 
tion, leaving  the  marines  and  the  rest  otmy  men  at  the  bar*' 
racks,  to  wait  further  orders.     I  was  ir?  this  situation  when 
1  Irnd  the  honor  to  meet  you,  with  the  Presideiit,  and  heads 
of  Departments,  when  it  was  determined  I  snouiddraw  off 
my  gnns  and  men,   and   proceed  towards  Bladensburgh, 
which  was  immediately  put  into  execuljon.     Oti  ourwaj  I 
was  informed  the  enemy  was  within  a  mile  of  Bladensburjrh ; 
we  hurried  on,  though  the  day  was  very  hot,  and  my  men 
much  crippled  from  the  severe  marches  *;>  ;  'lad  experienc- 
ed the  preceding  da\s.       I  preceded  the  men,  and  when  I 
arrived  at  the  line  which  separates   the  District  from  Ma- 
ryland, the  battle  beii^aii.      I  sent  an  officer  back  to  hasten 
on  my  men — ihey  came  up  in  a  iroi.     We  look  our  position 
on  the  rising  ground,  put  the  pie^^s  in  battery,  posted  the 
marines  under  Capt.  Miller,  and  flotilla  men,  who  were  to 
act  as  infantt*y  under  their  own  officers,  on  my  right,  to 
support  the  pieces,  and  wailed  the  approach  of  the  enemy. 
During  this  period  the  engagement  continued — the  enemy 
advancing,  and  our  army  retreating  before  ihem — appar- 
ently in  much  disorder.      At  length   tlie  enemy  made  his 
appearance  on  the  main  road  in  force  and  m  front  of  my 
battery,  and  on  seeing  us  made  a  halt ;  I  reserved  our  fire  ; 
and  in  a  few  cniiiules  the  enemy  again  advanced,  when  I 


in. 


«dv  ,  >" 


1|:;| 


4 


272 


MISTOAY  OF  TH£  WAM. 


i  I 


ll' 


ordered  an  IS  pounder  io  (>e tired,  which  complelely  cl^at 
ed  the  mud  ;  nhorllv  aJlir,  a  Mecoud  and  third  attempi  wa> 
made  hy  theeiitrnv  to  come  forwstrd,  but  all  who  madelhf 
ulttinpl  were  desliuye*!.     The  enemy  then  crossed  over  u>. 
to  an  open  fiejd  and  Hlteiii|)U:d  to  flank  our  right.     He  was 
there  met  h)  Unee  12  pounders,  the  marnieK  under  Capluin 
Miller,  and  inv  uun  acting  as  infantry,  and  a^ain  uasio. 
tally  cut  up.     Bv  Uiis  lime  not  a  vestige  of  the  Amenciin 
army  remained,  except  a  body  o\'  live  or  six  hundred  post- 
ed on  a  heioflit  on  my  ri^ht,  from  whom  I  expected  much 
support  from  their  line  situation.      The  entuiy  from  llns 
period  never  appeared  in  front  of  us.     He  however  pusiied 
forward  his  sharp  shooters,  one  of  whom  shot  my  hoist 
from  under  me,  which  lell  dead  between  two  of  my  guns. 
TliC  enemy,  who  had  been  kejit  in  ciieck  by  our  tire  nearly 
hair  an  hour,  now  f>ej>an  to  out  Bank  us  on  the  righr.      Our 
guns  were  tur*ied  that  vva\— ue  pushed  up  the  hill  about 
two  or  three  hundred  men  towards  lln>  corps  of  Americans 
stationed  as  above  described,   who,  to  my  great  morlitica- 
tion  made  no  resistance,  givinj;  afire  or  two  and  retirii.g. 
Ill  this  situation  we  hi'd  ihe  whoie  army  of  the  ei>emy  to 
contend  with  ;  our  ammunit; x^  was  expended,  and  tinlor- 
tunately  the  drivers  of  my  a»"*>minntion  waggons  had  gone 
off  in  the  general  panic.     Al  this  time  I  received  a  se\tre 
wound  in  my  thigh.     Fiiid'ng  the  enemy   now  com[)lelely 
in  our  rear  and  no  means  of  delence,  I  gave  orders  to  my  of- 
ficers  and  men  to  ret. re.     The  great  loss  of  blood  occasion-  ^ 
cd  such  a  weaknens  that  I  was  compelled  to  lie  down.  1  ri- 
quested  my  officers  to  leave  me,  winch  Uiey  obslmalely  re- 
fused, but  upon  bemg  ordered,  they  obeyed  :   one  only  re- 
mained.    In  a  short  time  1  observed  a  Brilish  soldier  atid 
had  him  called,  and  directed  him  to  seek  an  officer  j  in  a 
few  minutes  an  otiicer  c  .me,  who,  on  learning  w  ho  I  was, 
b;ought  Gen.  Ross  and  Aiimiiai  Cockburn  to  me.     Thest 
officers  behaved  to  me  with  the  most  marked  attention,  res 
peel,    and  politeness  ;   had   a  surgeon  brongiit,    and  my 
wound  dressed  innnediattly.     Aflerafew  minutes  coii>er- 
sation,  ihe  (jeoeriil  i  iformed  Cafter  paying  me  a  handsome 
coui.linK;  i,)lliat  I  vsus  paroled,  and  at  liberty  to  procetil 
to  Waslunglo.  or  Biadeiisburgl.,  offering  me  every  ass.Nt- 
ant  em  Ins  power,  giving  orders  for  a  liUer  to  be  brougli! 
ill  whicli  I  was  carried  to  Biadensburgh,  .... 


li 

eiig 

ofll 

C'vei 

com 

At 

her 

eliij 

wllfc 

the 
aoe 

thf; 

wh 

f^prf 

mi 


fllSTOUV  or  TIIR  WAR. 


Uli\ 


My  Wuund  is  <lfep,  hnl  I  rtallf r  niVHclf  not  Han«><'rou.s  ; 
the  ball  in  not  >t  texlracU'd. 

JOSH  IT  A  BAUNKY. 


4'om.  ISJacdonovtfh  to  tin-  Srcrvlnnf  of  the  \artf. 
r.  S.  shi|>  Saratoirn,  ()rt'Pl.ilUlMirj=:,  N-pl.  1 1,  l'si4. 
SIR. — The  /Vliniiiiily  Uwh  l)feii  pU.NtMl  loifr.<nlUH  si  si<]f- 
iial  victory  on  l>ake  C.isun|>lHni,  ill  tlx*    rnpturc  ot  one  frig- 
ale,  one  briii^,  aitdtwo  siooj>s<»l  war  oi  ih'*  enemy. 
1  have  the  huttur  lu  be,  Vvtr. 

T.  MACDONOUGH. 

Coin.  31ardonnvqh  to  the  St'crctnri/  of  the  Xavy. 
U.  S.  ship  Sanitot^a,  lU   iiuhoroff) 
PlaltNbnru,  Sept.  1:3,  IM14.      J 

SIR — Bv  Lieut,  cominan'iaot  Cissiii,  I  hav«-  the  honor 
to  convey  to  von  the  Hal's  (»,  hs  Britannic  majesty*!*  late 
sqnadron,  rajituretl  on  the  1  l(h  nisi,  by  the  U.  States* 
si|u;ulron  under  my  conimand,  ((>•;)  (her  with  tliepartieulars 
ot  the  action  which  look  plact-  on  the  1 1  th  niMt.  on  this  lake. 

\l  8  A.  M.  the  look-out  boat  announced  the  apjiroacli 
of  the  enemy.  Ai  9,  he  anchored  in  a  line  ahead,  at 
about  three  hundved  yards  distance  from  my  line  ;  his  ship 
opjjosed  to  the  :*arato<ra,  his  brl^:  l<»  the  E  lyfle,  his  g-allies, 
thirteen  in  iiutiiber,  to  the  Mchuoner,  («loo|),  and  a  division 
of  our  Rallies  ;  one  of  his  sloops  assisl  m^  their  sh  p  and 
brig,  the  other  assisting  their  gallics.  Our  remaining  gal- 
lics witii  the  8aiato««a  and  Eagle 

In  this  situation  the  whole  force  on  both  sides  became 
engaged,  the  Saratoga  snrt'eriiig  much  liom  the  heavy  tire 
of  the  Contiance.  1  could  perceive  at  tlie  same  time,  how- 
ever, that  our  tire  was  very  destructive  t  j  her.  The  Ti- 
coiukroga  gallantly  sustai.ied  her  full  share  of  the  action. 
At  half  past  10  o'clock  the  Eagle,  not  bung  able  to  bring' 
her  guns  to  bear,  cut  her  cable  and  anchored  in  a  more 
elligible  position,  between  my  ship  and  the  Ticoiideroga, 
where  she  very  much  annoyed  the  enemy.  Our  guns  on 
the  starboard  side  being  nearly  ail  dismounted,  or  not  man- 
ageable, a  stern  anchor  was  let  go,  the  bower  cable  cut,  and 
the  ship  winded  with  a  fresh  broadside  on  ihe  enemy's  ship, 
which  soon  after  surrendered.  Onr  broadside  was  then 
sprutig  to  bear  on  the  bng.  whi<'li  surrendered  in  about  1^ 
minutes  after,  -Vf 


\\k 


i-k>    ^ 


274 


illSTORY  OP  THE  WAR. 


M 


!|.( 


1  '  ] 

; 

-i 

!; 

I'! 

:  i 


^t 


S:;|:; 


The  hIoo|>  llint  wkh  opposed  to  lh«  Ea^lo,  had  xtrnck 
some  time  i»efore  and  fihl'ted  down  \\u'  line;  the  sloon 
whicli  was  with  their  ^allies  having  striirk  also.  Thr«e 
of  their  p^id  I  it's  are  sad  to  be  sMh>k,  the  oth«'r»  pulled  nlV. 
Our  i^rallit-s  were  about  obcyinsr  w^th  alacrity  the  sijjna!  lo 
follow  them,  when  all  the  vessels  were  reported  tu  nie  to 
be  ma  siiikinjB^  ststte  :  it  then  became  necessary  to  annul 
the  sig-nal  to  the  trallies,  and  order  their  men  to  the  pumps. 

I  could  only  look  at  the  enemy's  gallies  goin<r  oti'  in  a 
shiitlered  conditio!i,for  tliertt  was- not  a  mast  in  either  squud- 
rui)  that  eould  stsmd  to  make  sad  on. 

The  Saritotj-.*  hul  fifly-ftve  round  shot  in  her  hull ;  the 
Confi;ince  one  hundred  and  five.  The  enemy's  shot  pas- 
sed pnncipallv  just  over  our  heads,  as  there  were  not  20 
whole  hamm  cks  in  the  nettin^fs  at  the  cMose  of  the  action, 
which  lasted  willfaut  mternussion  two  hours  and  Iwenty 
niinnles. 

The  Saralog-a  was  twice  set  on  fire  with  hot  shot  fronv 
the  enemy's  ship.  i 

I  have  the  honoi*  to  be,  8cc.     '        •'  5^' 

,.iu    >     M.  .    T.MACDONOUGH. 

.  P.  S. — ^Accompanying-  this  is  a  list  ot  killed  and  wound- 
ed, a  lisl  oi' prisoners — and  a  precise  statement  of  both  forcef^ 
engaged. 


AMElilCitN 

FOKCE 

AND 

LOSS; 

Ships. 

guns. 

men. 

kdled. 

wounded. 

Saratot^a, 

26 

210 

28 

29 

Fasrle, 

20 

120 

13 

20 

Ticouderoga, 

17 

110 

6 

6 

Piel.le, 

7 

30 

2 

lOGuu  Boats, 

16 

3o0 

3 

3 

m 


820         52 


58 


SRITISH   rORCE   AND   LOSS. 


1 

II 

,l 

Ih 

i 

i 

1 

-J 


Ships. 

guns. 

men. 

killei 

1.  won 

Coiitiance, 

3i) 

300 

50 

60 

Liiiiiet, 

16 

120 

20 

:^> 

Growler, 

1 

40 

0 

10 

Eiii^-.e, 

40 

8 

10 

13Gun  Boats, 

18 

550 

90 

sunk 

96 


1050        17 i     110 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


276 


Note. —  The  foUowiutf  vatuabie  pntjHrltf  mis  taken  on  ftotird 
the  fie(4,  to  Wit  : — 1 1,K\H)  lbs.  oj  pon'th  r  exihisive  of  Ji.red 
awmunUum — Hij,U(>0  lbs.  of  cvunnn  b*tll — (MX)0  musfuls — 
i^suitH  oj  sailors  cUithmtfy  and  all  the  winter  clothiuy  of 
the  nUote  of' their  land  army. 

Gen.  Macomb  to  the  Sccreianf  of  War.  ^ 

P.altslmlp^Sej.l.  12,  1811. 

[Extract^  S2R — I  Imvf,  (heliunor  lo  inform  yoii  thai  ihc 
British  army  coumiandetl  by  sir  Georsf^  Prevost,  consist- 
iiijr  of  tour  briyfiuies,  a  corps  of  artillery;  a  sqiuulroii  of 
borse,  and  a  strong  jiirht  corps,  imioimtinir  in  all  to  14,<K)0 
men,  after  invest intj^  this  )>lac*e  on  the  north  of  the  Saran:ic 
river  since  the  6th  inst.  broke  up  their  camp  and  ral^cd 
tlie  siei^e  this  morninij^at  2  o'clock,  retreatiaj^  pi'ecipilaielv, 
and  leaving  their  sick  and  wounded  behiiul.  The  !>treii<^th 
ol  this  g-arrison  is  only  1500  men  fit  for  duty  ! ! 

The  light  troops  ami  mililia  are  in  full  pursuit  of  the 
•iieiny*  making  prisoners  in  all  direcUons.  Upwards  of 
:}iK)  deserters  have  already  come  m,  and  many  arrive  hour- 
ly. Oar  loss  inthe  fort  istnfling  indeed,  havinor  only  one 
otScer  and  1 5  meu  killed,  and  one  oilicer  and  ^U  men 
wounded. 

Vast  quantities  of  provision  were  left  liehind,  and  de- 
stroyed ;  also  an  immense  quantity  of  bomb  shells,  cannon 
ball,  grape  shot,  ammunition,  flints,  (Sec.  &c.  intrenching 
tools  of  all  sorts,  also  tents  and  marquees.  A  great  deal 
bas  been  found  concealed  in  the  ponds  and  creeks,  and  bu- 
rled in  the  ground,  and  a  vast  quantity  carried  oft*  by  the 
inhabitants.  Such  was  the  precipitance  of  his  retreat,  that 
he  arrived  at  Chazy,  a  dislaiuie  of  eight  miles  be  ore  M'e 
discovered  that  he  had  gone.  '• 

We  have  buried  the  British  officers  of  the  army  and  navy, ' 
with  the  honors  of  war,  and  shewn  every  attention  and  kind- 
ness lo  those  who  have  fallen  into  our  hands.  The  con- 
duct of  the  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  soldiers 
ot'mv  command,  during  this  trying  occasion  cannot  be  re- 
presented in  loo  high  terms.        I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Ace 

ALEXANDER  iMACOMB.    . 

AMERICAN  I.t»SS.  .?/ 

Killed  37 — wounded  02 — missing  20.  <n} 

UKl'l'ISll  LOSS.  ^ 

Killed  308 — wounded  494 — prisoners  252 — deserted  78Q. 


ui 


lii 


\n 


276 


HISTORY  OP  T1I£  WAR. 


f, 
1% 


^ 


:i  iilif'    ' 


\M 

1 

'  Hi 

1 

2LBJ5 

M^ 

BurnUuf  of  Pctijutvife. — Bctweeu  10  and  11  o'do^'k,  P. 
M.  oi' A|)ril  7ili,  181 1,  Hi\  Ikilisli  boats  were  ulisrovcrnl 
coiiiiiitr  iiitti  Coiihcclicul  river  ;  b>  I'i,  a  large  forrc  ot  IIkj 
^iieiny  had  liiUeii  |iOHsesKiuii  of  an  old  fori  at  Su}l»roi>k 
^  >iiit,  where,  finding  iiothin<j,  llie  fort  haviiifv  been  decay. 
« <i  for  several  \rars,  n  -eiilered  tlieir  boats,  and  proeeednl 
f'l' P  t,i|iuii2r(  Point,  tMiiiles  iiij^^Jier  U|»  the  river,  wlitrt; 
tb<  y  irrived  abont  1  oV  ock.  Tlie  vessels  in  the  harbor 
ht\\\r  on  Hre.  iirst  ga>e  notice  that  the  enemy  was  near. 
Tliere  was  not  lime  after  the  alarm,  to  fjel  the  women  ami 
clnldren  off,  b«  fore  the  enemy  had  landed,  an<l  began 
bnrniiig  the  ve>s  is  on  the  sloeks  ;  they  inmiediutely  rutii- 
meneed  searcbint;  the  houses  and  stores,  for  arms  an«i  aiii. 
nimntion,  taknigab  liiey  could  find,  and  destroying  furui. 
ture  to  a  considerable  amount  ;  liquors  of  all  kinds,  wiieii 
found,  after  satisfyiujuf  themselves,  were  destroyed  by  stay- 
ing^  the  casks.  Tiiere  was  no  opposition  to  then'  plunder, 
altboug-h  they  remained  on  shore  till  10  o'clock,  when 
they  called  ii  their  men,  and  proceeded  down  tlie  river 
About  a  mile,  with  a  brig,  a  schooner,  and  '2  sloops,  where 
they  anchored  and  lay  till  dark,  v^  hen  they  set  fire  to  their 
prizes,  and  proceeded  down  to  their  vessels. 

Attack  on  Stonim/ton. — The  British  fleet  off  New-Lon- 
don having  been  reinforced  on  the  9th  August,  1814,  a 
part  of  it,  to  wit,  01  e  74,  two  frigates,  a  sioop  of  war,  and 
a  brig,  appeared  off  Stoninglon,  when  sir  7  homas  Hardy 
sent  a  flagon  shore  for  the  infonnatioii  of  the  women  and 
children,  ih'dt  if  the  town  was  not  surrendered  m  01.^  hour, 
the  whole  should  be  laid  in  ashes.  The  inhabitants  in- 
formed sir  Shomas,  that  Stowrii/ton  was  not  Petipavt/e, 
and  {  repared  their  cannon,  2  long  eighteens's,  and  one  G 
pounder  for  defending  themselves.  The  attack  began  at 
9,  at  night,  and  contnued  till  1  in  the  uiorning,  with  round 
fihot,  bombs,  and  rockets.  The  militia,  30  in  number,  re- 
turned the  tire  with  great  vigor  and  effect.  The  attack 
"was  renewed  next  morning,  and  as  warmly  rese.ited — their 
brig,  which  lay  nearest  shore,  was  almost  cut  to  pieces, 
and  one  barge,  full  of  men,  was  sunk,  when  the  enemy 
withdrew.  Our  loss  was  4  wounded,  2  houses  lired,  and  2 
horses  killed.  On  the  1 1th  they  again  attacked  the  place, 
betore  which,  the  humane  sir  Thomas  sent  in  anqther  M- 


vr    'v 


V— -SUf^  '■ 


HISTORY  OF  TUU  WAR. 


.^7 


III  uii^  iiour, 


inaiultor  iU  surrender,  nccompai.ieil  with  a  ihrrnt  thnt  if  it 
was  not  coinplii'd  uith, he  would  lay  thrtovtniit  ashc**,  orxa* 
crificehiHwhoteJorcft  cmmstoiif  oj  \'6  xh'ps  oj  wur.  Oir 
little  hand  of  Heroes  paid  little  attention  to  Iih  threat,  hut 
wont  steadily  to  work  at  their  cannon,  and  muNUd  the  en- 
emy so,  that  he  was  obliy^cd  to  ahandon  the  expedition."  r)*^ 

♦♦f  -T  ".*«    r'4i,>  •'*!>■  —  t't.f't 

y     A    Gen.  Smilh  to  the  iSecretary  of  HV/r.  *> 

iiallmiore,  Scpi  ID,  1815. 
[^Extract.']  SIR — I  have  the  honor  of  s\\\\\  ^  \\\,\\.  the 
enem>  landed  heiween  7  andH(KX)  tneno<i  tin-  liili  iiisl.  at 
^\)rth  Point,  14  miles  distant  Irom  ih.s  cMty.  Auiicipa- 
ting  this  deharkation.  Gen.  Striker  had  Inen  d(:tu<-hed  on 
Sunday  evening  with  a  portion  of  his  iM-io-afio,  to  check 
any  attempt  the eneui)  mi^ht  make  in  lhal<piui-ifr  to  land  ; 
the  General  took  a  |>ositioii  on  Monday,  at  the  jiiiteuoii  of 
the  two  roads  leading  from  this  ^ilace  lo  the  PiMst,  liiiving 
his  right  flanked  on  Bear  Creek,  and  ins  Icti  i)y  a  iti  irsh. 
Here  he  waited  tha  approach  of  the  •neniv,  atttr  wmg 
sent  on  an  advance  corps.  Between  two  aiut  ltir<v  •'clock 
the  enemy's  whole  force  came  up,  und  contu-n  iced  the 
battle  by  some  discharges  of  rockets,  which  wtt.;  succeed* 
ed  by  th«  cannon  from  both  sides,  when  the  t  on  became 
ji^enerai.  Gen.  Strieker  gallantly  maintni  •  ^^  his  <; round 
against  this  great  superiority  of  numbers,  i^  ■•'■■  iioiir  atd  20 
minutes,  when  his  left  gave  way  and  he  vv.i>;)blig\d  to  re- 
tire to  the  ground  in  his  rear.  Ue  there  iu  ine«i  ins  brig, 
ade,  but  the  enemy  not  thinking  it  advisab  e  to  pnr.Mie,  i  e 
fell  back,  according  to  previous  arrangeinents,  a.id  formed 
on  the  left  of  my  entrenchments.  1  feel  a  pride  in  the  be- 
lief, that  the  stand  made  on  Monday,  in  no  small  degree, 
tended  to  check  the  temerity  of  a  toe,  danng  to  invade  a 
country  like  ours.  Major  General  Ross  the  commander 
in  chief  of  the  British  forces,  was  killed  in  this  action. 
About  the  time  Gen.  Strieker  joined  my  left,  he  w.s  joined 
by  Gen.  Winner,  (who  had  been  stationed  on  the  west  side 
of  the  city,)  with  Gen.  Douglass'  brigade  of  Virgijiia  mili- 
tia, and  the  U.  S.  dragoons,  who  took  post  on  the  left  of 
Gen.  Strieker.  Meanwhile,  Gens.  Stansbiiry  and  For- 
man,  the  seamen  and  marines  under  Com.  Rodgers,  the 
Pennsylvania  volunteers  under  Cols.  Cobean  and  Findley, 
tihe  Baltiqiore  artillery  under  Col.  Harris,  and  the  luarine 


! 


■li 


lu. 


i!* 


;  I 


^^it 


i    ' 


.] '  =  i 


m  -J 


1*    i.Y 


27» 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAM, 


l'l^ 


I       I 


!■  ;■.! 


artillery  un  er  Capt  SlilcM,  maimed  the  lr«iicucs  and  bal  • 
terieu — all  prepared  lo  meet  the  enemy. 
*i  On  TueH<luy  the  eiieiuy  U|>|>eared  in  front  ni  my  en . 
trenchiniMils,  at  the  distance}  ui  two  mdes,  on  ilu- Plnlia. 
delpina  ruad,  and  allein|»te<l  hy  a  circuitous  rout,  to  marcii 
agaiiiMt  our  lel'l,  and  enter  the  city;  Ofmn^'s  Winder  :iud 
8.ricker  were  orden  d  to  adapt  tlieir  inuvi'iueiitN  ho  hh  tu 
defeat  tlit'ir  iuteutions,  which  completely  succecd«'<l.  TIiih 
inuvemeiit  induced  the  inieiuy  to  roiiccnlrat*;  Iiin  forccM  hy 
one  or  two  o'clock,  in  my  trout,  pnthinir  his  advance  to 
within  a  niil«  of  our  videttes,  and  sheuini;  an  intention  of 
At^ackin^  un  that  eveninsc.  1  drew  Generals  Winder  and 
tStricker  nearer  to  the  l«>it  of  my  enlrenchnients,  ami  to  (lie 
right  of  the  enemy,  with  the  intention  of  faltiii||f  on  his  re^tr, 
should  he  attack  me  ;  oi,  if  hedechned  il.  of  attackicjr  hini 
in  the  moriiini^.  To  this  movement,  and  m\  detenceN, 
v^hich  the  eneiuy  had  the  fairest  opportunity  of  obKervi,,{r, 
1  attrilHile  hiw  rt  treat,  wbicli  v%a.s  commenced  at  1  o'clock 
the  next  morning,  in  which  tie  was  so  favored,  by  the  ex- 
treme darkness  at>d  continued  rain,  that  we  did  noi  discov- 
«r  it  until  day  light.  A  considerable  detachment  was  sent 
in  pursuit,  but  the  troops  being  ho  worn  down  by  fatigue, 
that « iicy  conld  do  nothing  more  than  pick  up  a  few  strag- 
<^lers ;  ihey  completed  their  embarkation  the  next  day  at 
1  o'cl«)ck. 

I  have  now  the  pleasure  of  calling  \our  attention  to  tlie 
brave  commander  of  fort  McHenry,  Major  Armistead,  and 
to  the  operations  in  that  cpiarter.         .cm  »!<•  n-t  ^4l  ^ni  .  '< 

Maj.  Armistead  had  under  Irs  command  one  company 
of  U.  S.  artillery,  two  do.  sea  fencibles,  three  dc.  of  Balti- 
more artillery,  a  detachment  from  Com.  Barney's  flotilla, 
an<i  about  GOO  militia,  in  all  about  1000  men. 

On  the  12th,  IGKhips,  including  6  bomb  ships,  anchored 
abmit  two  miles  from  the  fort.  The  next  morning  at  sun- 
rise,  Uie  enemy  commenced  tiie  attack,  from  his  bomb  ves- 
sels, at  the  distance  of  two  miles,  which  was  out  of  our 
reach.  At  2  o'clock  one  of  our  guns  was  dismounted, 
which  occasioned  cocLsideruble  bustle  in  the  fort,  killing 
one  and  wounding  several,  which  induced  the  enemy  to 
draw  his  ships  within  a  g.  od  striking  distance,  when  the 
Major  opened  a  well  directed  tire  upon  them  for  haifiiu 
hom',  which  caused  them  lo  haul  oii'  to  their  old  position^ 


rnSTO»Y  OF  THP.  UMfc. 


«7» 


unchored 
ig  at  sun- 
»oaib  ves- 
ut  of  our 
niouuteil, 
I,  killing 
enemy  to 
when  the 
II'  halt  au 


wl»ei»  our  brave  little  hanil  pave  llip«e  rliccrs,  aixl  ugaia 
craved  rtniii^.  Availing  fht-niMheH  of  the  darkness  nl  the 
nit;hl,  thi  V  hnjl  punhed  n  c«»nMidiral)le  force  •b-ne  the  fort, 
hikI  turmed  mi  u  half  circle,  \»hen  they  connneiiced  firiitj 
u<rain,  \%liic'h  was  retnriied  with  ^pir  t,  for  more  than  two 
hours  when  the  enemy  were  ajjain  obltjjed  to  haul  oftV 

J)urin«j^  tb<  iMMuhardnient,  which  lasted  !>.!>  honrn,  on  the 
part  of  the  enemy*  from  15  to  lHtK>  shells  were  thrown  by 
them  ;  4<M)of  whirh  fell  inthefi>rt,  lhreaUMiiii«jrde«trnction 
to  all  within,  but  wonderful  as  ittnuy  appear,  only  4  of  oar 
men  were  killed,  and  *2i  wounded. 
I  have  the  honor  lo  be,  ^c. 


s.  smith: 


I  AMERICAN 

Killed  2  I— wounded  l»i 

BRITISH  LOSS. 

Killed  *97 — wounded  105— prisoners  130. 


ig  47. 


,-■» 


I 


Gen.  Juckson  lo  the  tSecretary  of  War. 

Mobde,  September  17,  1814. 

[Extract.']  SIR — With  lively  emotions  of  satisfaction,  I 
communicate  that  success  has  crowned  the  gallant  eflbrt» 
olour  brave  soldiers,  in  resisting  and  repulsing  a  combin- 
ed British  naval  and  land  force,  which  on  the  loth  iiist.  at- 
tacked fort  Bowyer,  on  the  point  of  Mobile. 

The  ship  whieh  was  destroyed,  was  the  Hermes,  of  fron» 
•21  to  28  guns.  Captain  the  hon.  William  H.  Percy,  senior 
officer  in  the  Guli'  of  Mexico  ;  and  the  brig  so  considera- 
bly damaged  is  the  Sophie,  18  guns.  The  other  ship  was 
the  Carrou,o('from  24  to  28  guns  ;  the  other  brig's  name 
unknown. 

Oil  board  the  Carron  85^  men  were  killed  and  wounded  ; 
among  whom  was  Gol.  Nicoll,  of  the  royal  marines,  who 
lost  an  eye  by  a  splinter.  The  land  force  consisted  of 
110  marines,  and  200  Creek  Indians,  under  the  command 
ot'Ca])t.  Woodbine,  of  the  marines,  and  about  20  artille- 
rists, with  one  four  and  fthalf  ineh  howitzer,  from  which 
tlii^y  discharged  shells  and  nine  pound  shot.  They  re-em- 
barked the  piece,  and  retreated  by  land  towards  Pensaco- 
la,  whence  they  came. 

By  the  morning  report  of  the  16th,  there  were  present  in 
the  fort,  ftl  for  duty,  officers  and  men,  158. 

I  have  the  honor,  &r.  ANDREW  .T  ACK«OIV 


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1  .  ' 


I,  « 


tij, ;  ,         Gen.  Brown  to  the  SitrekaryofWar. 
tiW"':  .  Fort  Erie,  8c|>i.20, 1814. 

^  [ExHact]  fSIB--ln  mv  teller  of  the  18th  iiist  I  brit-tfy 
inronriHi  >ou  of  th<^  fort  luiale  issue  of  the  sortie  which  took 
pl^ce  the  day  preinecln  ur. 

The  enFm\*M  c  mp  I  had  ascertained  to  be  sitiLited  in  a 
fiield  surrounded  by  Mood.«»  nearly  two  miles  diHlnnt  from 
their  batterifs  and  eu  renchtnents,  the  object  of  which  was 
to  keep  the  parts  ot  the  force  which  wan  nolupoii  duty,  ort 
of  the  range  of  our  tire  from  fort  £rie  and  Black  Rock. 
Their  inf  nitry  wa*  formed  into  three  bri^^ades,  estimated 
at  12  or  15  hnntired  men  each.  One  of  these  brigades, 
with  a  detail  from  the.r  artillery,  was  stationed  at  their 
works,  (these  beiu'if  about  ^(K)  yards* distant  iroin  old  fort 
Erie,  and  the  ri^^ht  ot  our  line.)  We  had  already  siitTered 
much  from  the  iiie  of  two  of  their  batteries,  and  were  aware 
that  a  third  was  about  to  open  upon  us.  Under  Uiese  cir- 
cumstances, f  resolved  to  storm  the  batteries,  destroy  the 
cannon,  and  roughly  handle  the  brigade  upou  duty,  l^efore 
tho^e  ifi  reserve  could  be  brought  mto  action. 
f  Oul^'c  morning  of  the  17th,  the  mfantry  and  riflemen, 
regulars  and  militia,  were  ordered  to  be  paraded  and  put 
in  readiness  to  march  precisely  at  12  o'clock.  Gen.  Por- 
ter with  the  volunteers,  Cul.  Gibson  with  the  riflemen,  and 
Major  Brooks  with  the  20d  and  1st  infantry,  and  a  few- 
dragoons  acting  as  infantry,  were  ordered  to  move  from 
the  extreme  left  of  our  position  upon  the  enemy's  right,  by 
a  passage  opened  through  the  woods  fur  the  occasion. 
Gen.  Miller  was  direcle  1  to  st-ation  his  command  in  the 
ravine  which  lies  i«t-lAvten  fort  Erie  and  the  enemy's  bat- 
teries, by  passing' iiiern  by  detacimients  through  the  skirts 
of  the  wood — ^uid  the  21sl  infantry  under  Gen.  iiipley  was 
posted  as  a  corps  of  reserve  between  the  new  bustiuns  ot 
fort  Erie ;  all  under  cover,  and  out  of  the  view  of  the  enemy. 

About  20  minutes  befoie  three,  P,  M,  I  found  the  left 
columns,  u  idertiie  cointnand  of  Gen.  Porter,  which  were 
destined  to  turn  the  enemy's  right,  witiiin  a  few  rods  of  the 
British  entrenchments.  They  were  ordered  to  advance 
and  commence  ihe  action.  Passing  down  the  raviue,  I 
judged  Irotii  the  report  of  iniiNketry,  that  the  action  tiad 
coiliine:*r('ii  on  uur  iett;  i  now  hitttened  to  Gftfl*  Miller, 
and  directed  him  to  seize  tiie  moment  and  pierCf  ^e  en- 


.£. 


HISTORT  or  THC  WAR. 


Ml 


9,1HU. 
t.   1  biierty 
which  took 

liiated  in  a 
iNiant  tVom 
which  Mias 
n  tiuty«  ork 
lack  Uock. 
»  egiininled 
e  brigades, 
led  at  their 
Bin  old   tort 
Bwly  suffered 

were  awnre 
it  Uiese  cir- 

destroy  ihe 
ckity,  before 

lid  riflemen, 
ded  and  put 
,  Gen.  Por- 
riflemen,  and 
,  and  a  few 
0  move  from 
ny's  right,  by 
the  occasion. 
nwand  m  the 

eiiemy'8  bat- 
igh  the  skirls 
II.  Uipley  was 
(V  bustioiiH  ol 
/of  the  enemy 
toimd  the  left 
r,  which  Nvert 
ew  rods  of  the 
•ed  to  advance 

the  ravine,  I 

the  AC^ipn  ^'^'^^ 
o  GwiMiUer, 

pierCf  Jlije  en- 


emy's entrenchmenlH  lietwceii  hallerit^  No.  2  and  3.  My 
orders  were  promptly  aikd  ahly  executed.  Within  :)0 
utiiiules  idter  the  first  trim  u;im  Hred,  butterieii  No.  2  and  8, 
the  fueiny*.**  hue  of  eiitreiiciiineiils  and  his  tuu  block 
hiiuses  were  hi  our  poK.sessi)»ii.  hooti  after  bait  ry  No.  1 
was  :ibnidoued  by  llie  Bnlrh.  The  gnns  in  each  were 
k|>iked  by  us  or  otherwise  destroyed,  uud  the  m.igaz  iie 
lit  No.  3  w  SIS  blown  up. 

A  few  minutes  liefure  the  explosion,  I  had  ordered  up 
ihi' reserxe  uiuier  Gt'ii.  Ripley.  As  lie  pansed  ine  at  the 
head  of  his  colomn,  I  desired  him,  as  he  wuuld  be  llie 
senior  in  advance,  to  ascertain  as  near  as  possible,  the  situ- 
ation of  the  troops  in  general,  and  to  have  a  care  that  not 
Qiore  was  hazarded  than  the  occasion  required  ;  that  the 
ubject  of  the  sortie  eflected,  the  troops  would  retire  in  good 
Older,  8cc.  Gen.  Ripley  passed  rapidly  on — soon  afler,  I 
became  alarmed  for  Gen.  Miller,  and  sent  an  order  for  the 
21st  to  hasten  to  his  support  towards  battery  No.  1.  Col. 
Upham  received  the  order,  and  advanced  to  the  aid  of 
Gei).  Miller.  Gen.  Ripley  had  inclined  to  the  letl,  where 
Major  Brooks*  command  was  engaged,  with  a  view  of 
making  some  necessary  enquiries  of  that  officer,  antt  ia 
the  act  of  doing  so  was  unfortunately  wounded.  By  this 
tiuio  the  object  of  the  sortie  was  accomplished  beyond  my 
most  sanguine  expectations.  Gen.  Miller  had  consequent* 
ly  ordered  the  troops  on  the  right  to  fall  back—- observing 
this  movement,  I  sent  my  stati'  along  the  line  to  call  in  the 
other  corps.  Wilhin  a  few  minutes  they  retired  from  the 
laviiie,  and  from  thence  to  camp. 

Thus  1000  regulars,  and  an  equal  portion  of  militia,  in 
one  hour  of  close  action,  blasted  the  hopes  of  the  enemy^ 
ilestroyed  the  fruits  of  oO  days  labor,  and  diminished  hie 
fti'ective  force  1000  men  at  least.  ! 

Lieut.  Gen.  Drummond  broke  up  his  camp  duriMg  the 
night  of  the  21st,  and  retired  to  his  «utrei*climents  hehiiid 
ilio  Chippewa.  A  party  of  our  men  came  up  with  the 
rear  of  his  army  at  Frenchman's  ceek;  the  enemy  do- 
Nti'oyed  part  of  tlietr  stores  by  setting  fire  to  the  bnildinffs 
from  which  they  were  employed  in  conveying  them.  We 
t'ouiid  ill  and  about  their  camp  a  considerable  quantity  of 
''annVin  ball,  an  t\  npw.nrds  of  iO '  stund  of  arms. 


.,'jit;ji*ii«i.  ■^-•^■' 


m 


^Hni^iJllPV4ir:r^fW    ^^  9f  ,  **-,=--?; ■»,  *M 


M 


282 


BISTOKY  OF  THE  WAR. 


I  > 


M 

'til  U 


jiif 


'i! 


I  send  you  enclosed  herein  a  return  of  our  losx.  The 
return  of  prisoners  enclosed  due»  not  include  the  straggUirw 
that  came  in  after  the  action. 

I  have  the  lionor  to  be,  &c. 

JACOB  BReWN. 

AMERICAN  UOHH, 

Killed  79— wounded  214— missing  218. 

BRITISH  LOSS. 

1.   Killed  27 1 — wounded  311 — prisoners  386. 


BLAKELEY's  SECOND  VICTORY. 

Capl.  Blakeky  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Aavy. 

U.  S.  S,  Wa8t>.  at  sea,  Sept.  1 1,  1814. 
[Eo'iract.^  SIR-^ — I  have  the  honor  of  infonningr  you  of 
the  deslruclion  of  H.  B.  M.  brig  Avon,  of  18  guns  by  thij* 
ship  on  tl>e  1st  inst.  At  U,  30  mitiules  P.  M.  discovered 
4  siiil;  two  on  our  starboard,  aiuUwoon  our  larboard  bow; 
htiultd,  up  for  one  on  our  starboard  bow,  being  farthest  to 
windward.  At  7,  the  brig  made  signals,  with  i)ags,  lan- 
terns, rockets,  and  guns.  At  9,  29,  the  chase  being,  under 
our  lee  bow,  commenced  the  action,  by  iinng  a  12  \b.  car- 
ronade  at  him,  which  he  returned,  when  we  run  under  his 
lee  bow,  to  prevent  his  escaping.  At  10,  believing  the 
enemy  to  be  silenced,  ceased  tiring,  and  hailed  and  asked 
if  he  had  surrendered.  No  answer  being  given,  and  he. 
having  recommenced  firing,  it  was  returned.  At  10,  1:.^ 
the  enemy  having  suffered  greatly,  and  having  made  no  re- 
turn to  our  two  last  broadsides,  1  hailed  the  second  time, 
when  he  answered  in  the  affirmative.  The  guns  were 
then  ordered  to  be  ;  red,  and  the  boat  lowered  to  take 
possession.  In  theac  -..i  lowering  the  boat,  a  second  hvi^ 
iwaA  discovered  i;lose. under  our  stern,  and  standing  for  us. 
Sent  the  crew  tc»  quarters,  and  prepared  for  another  action, 
Urid  waited  hps  coming  up.  At  10,  3G,  discovered  two 
more  sails  astern,  standing  for  us.  Our  braces  having  been 
cut  aivay,  we  kept  oil'  the  wind,  until  olbers  could  be  rove, 
with  the  exi)ectai ion  of  drawing  the  second  brig  from  bis 
n'onipaoions,  but  was  disappointed  :  having  contuuied  ap- 
pr0ac!uug  us  until  within  gun  shot  she  suddenly  hauled  by 
the  wind,  iired  a  broadside,  which  done  considerable  dam- 
age, and  soon  retraced  her  steps  to  join  her  consorts.  Our 
prize,  V  hen  we  abandoned  her,  was  firing  guns  of  dilstress; 


HISTORY  OF  Tins  WAR. 


S83 


tbe  two  last  sailM  came  to  her  as^iHlance,  in  time  to  Mve 
her  crew  troiii  Minkiiig;  witli  the  v«**tsel,  which  went  clown 
soon  uUerviards. 
,   ^      1  l»HVc  the  honor  to  be,  Sec. 

J.  BLAKELEY. 

AMERICAN  LOSS. 

Killed  2 — VVoniided  1.  i  k'j  W»^ '»»n 

BniTlSH  LOSS.  lAMlrr{ 

Killed  12~Wounded  33.    i  v^ 


*^  t,  / 1 1  ,»-*i» 


,uH\'^  :'»i 


iiuin:>i 


Gen.  M* Arthur  to  the  Secretanf  of  War. 

H.  a.  DetroiuNov.  18,  1814. 

[Extract^  SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  re|M)rl  to^outhp 
safe  return  ot'  tiie  mounted  troops  to  thiit  place. 

It  was  deemed  expedient,  from  the  ardour  of  the  Ken- 
tucky and  Ohio  volunteers  and  militia,  that  they  should  be 
nctively  employed  in  the  enemy's  territory,  with  a  view  to 
ilestroy  their  resources,  and  paralize  any  attempt  they  might 
make  on  this  post  durin<r  the  winter.  Accordm^ly  630 
troops,  and  70  Indians,  were  put  in  motion  to  destroy  the  ' 
valuable  mills  at  the  head  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  Grand 
River.  We  proceeded  over  tlie  river  St.  Clair,  down  to 
the  Scotch  settlement,  up  Bear  Greek,  about  30  miles,  and 
across  to  the  Moravian  towns,  where  we  arrived  the  30lb 
ult. 

We  were  fortunate  at  this  place  in  taking  a  British  offi- 
cer who  was  proceeding  to  Burlington  with  the  informa- 
tion of  our  approach,  which  enabled  us  to  reach  Delaware 
town  undiscovered.  The  rangers  were  detached  across 
the  Thames,  to  pass  in  rear  of  the  town,  to  guard  the  differ- 
ent roads,  whilst  the  troops  were  swimmnig  their  horses 
across.  We  were  thus  enabled  to  reach  Oxford,  150  mdfS 
from  Detroit,  before  they  heard  of  our  approach.  A  few 
hours  before  our  arrival  at  Buford,  the  enemy  retreated  to 
Malcolm's  mdls,  on  the  road  to  Burlington,  where  they 
were  reinforced,  to  the  number  of  §00  militia,  and  about 
100  Indians.  A  deep  creek  of  diflficult  passage,  except  i«t 
a  bridge  immediately  in  front  of  their  works,  which  had 
been  partly  destroyed,  lay  between  us.  Arrangements 
were  made  for  a  joint  attack  on  their  front  and  rear.  The 
Ohio  troops  were  thrown  across,  under  cover  of  a  thick 
wood,  and  the  Kentucky  troops  were  ordered  to  attack  \\\ 


I 
■f 


i 


I  . 


11! 


1^ 
it  f 


'    i\ 


384 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR, 


til 


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;  i 


r 


'i  1 1 


1 1 


ll 

■!■ 

1 

1 

1 

■?., 

i  t 


fronl.  The  enemv  were  entirely  defctiteil  nnd  di<(porKc'(|, 
wiih  Ihe  losM  of  1  (!)apt.  and  17  privatew  killed,  and  3  Capu. 
5  subalterns,  and  lO'J  privates,  taken  prisdners.  Our  i<iN» 
^^^^s  only  one  killed,  and  six  wounded.  The  next  <lav  \vu 
proceeded  on  and  took  several  prisoners,  '2W  stands  of 
arms,  and  destroyed  five  valuable  mills,  when  we  cuni* 
niei  ced  our  return,  march  for  lliis  place,  which  we  reach<id 
yesterday. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  &r. 

D.  M*ARTHUR, 

XlP.ii'Hl  M^i^f^      BBKwsa- 

:'':;■;£"' -T/CH AFTER  XIII. 

o(i  !>lrfutiji  .       Y^k'^f^cksm  to  Gov.  Early, 

,sf .,,  jiv  V.   .;*.*^  ..,...;j.  H.  Q,.  Teiisaw,  Nov.  14lh,  1814. 

[Ejffrocl,]  Slli — Liist  evening  1  relurued  from  Pensa- 
ColatolhiM  place-—!  reached  tl^at  post  on  the  eieningf  uf 
thetiih  On  my  approach,  I  sent  JVlaj.  Pteire  vtith  afliig 
to  cotupituiicate  the(»)>jeclof  my  visit  to  (lie  Gov,  of  Peiisa- 
cola,  tie  appr^nu'hed  iort  ^i.  (i^-orge,  with  his  Hug  dis- 
played, ai.d  was  tin  d  on  byi  tiie  cunuon  from  the  fort — he 
returned  and  uiadt- repoii Jher^pf  |o  me.  1.  immedialely 
went  with  the  Adj.  Gen.  and  the  Maj.  with  a  small  escort, 
and  viewed  the  fv;ri  anu  found  it  defended  b)  British  and 
8paitish  troops.  1  tuiuiediateiy  iietei  mined  tp  storm  the 
town.       , 

Oil  the  mornins:  of  the  7  th,  I  marched  with  the  eflectivc 
regulars  of  (he  Sd,  39th,  and  44lh  infantry,  part  ol  Gen. 
G>ff'ee':N. brigade,  ll>e  Mississippi  dragoons,  and  partol  the 
'VV^est  TeiiiiesHee  regiuieiit,  lUml  pari  of  ihe  Choctaws  led 
by  Mi<j  i'>lue,of  the  ;)9th,  and  Maj.  Keiineiiy  of  the  Ms- 
f)issi|ipi  territory.  Being  eit^'PUM-^d  on  the  west  of  the 
town  I  caicniiited  they  wuuhl  expect  the  assuuit  from  Ihiit 
quarter,  aid  be  prepared  to  rake  iTie  from  the  tort,  and  the 
British  armed  vessels,  seven  in  number,  that  ay  m  thebiiy. 
To  cherish  ih  s  idea  I  sent  out  part  of  the  mounted  men  to 
sf.ow  themst  heson  the  we.it,  whilst  1  piisstd  in  rear  of  the 
fort  undiscovered  to  the  east  oi  the  town.  When  1  appear> 
ed  within  a  m  ie,  I  was  in  full  view.  My  prule  was  iieV' 
friuure  iheighleueU  iluui  yiewui^  ihe  iMtifaim  tirmness  o( 


niilTORY  OF  Tire  WAR. 


i9& 


my  troops,  nnd  wild  what  iindnui led  co«rafif«»  <h^y  ndvBiic- 
ed,  with  n  Mtroiig  tort  rtud}  to  asHuil  them  uti  (he  rigfht, 7' 
British  arm«='(t  veHtteK  on  the  lett,  uitd  stroii«2^  blorkhoiiMe* 
itiKl  hnlteheHof  ciumoii  in  iheir  front,  hut  they  Milladvunc-* 
eik  with  unxhnkentirmneMs,  entered  the  loun,  when  u  batte- 
ry ot  (wocaiino'i  wnn  opened  upon  the  centre coUinui com- 
posed of  the  resjrulurs,  with  hail  nnd  gni;  e,  and  a  shower 
ot  iiuHketry  from  the  hoii«i  h  and  gardens.  The  battery 
was  inimedinteiy  ittormed  h\  Capt.  Levall  and  company, 
and  carrie<l,  and  the  niUMketry  was  suon  sileneed  by  the 
gteady  and  well  directed  tire  of  the  rei^nhirs. 

The  Gov.  metCth.  WilhamNoit  a  d  Smith,  who  led  the 
dismounted  volunleerM,  with  a  fla«r,  begged  toi  mercy,  and 
surrendered  the  town  and  fort  unconditionally  ;  mercy  was 
granted  and  protection  given  to  the  citr/ens  and  their  prop- 
erty. 

bn  the  morning  of  the  8th.  I  prepared  to  march  and 
storm  the  Barancas,  but,  before  i  could  move,  tremendous 
explosions  totd  me  that  the  B'irancas,  with  all  its  appen^ 
dages,  was  blown  up.  I  dispatched  a  detachment  of  two 
hundred  men  to  explore  it,  who  returned  in  the  night  with 
the  information  that  it  was  blown  up,  all  the  coinbu*»libleJ 
parts  burnt,  the  cannon  spiked  and  dismounted  except  two: 
this  being  the  case,  I  determined  to  withdraw  my  troops, 
but  before  I  did  I  had  the  pleasure  to  see  the  British  de- 
purl. 

The  steady  firmness  of  my  troops  has  drawn  a  just  riss-* 
pect  from  our  enemies — It  has  convinced  the  Red  Sticks 
that  they  have  no  strong  hold  or  prote'tiun,  only  in  iht* 
friendship  of  the  LTtiited  Slates.  The  good  order 
and  conduct  of  my  troops  whilst  inPensarola,  hascon-^ 
vinced  the  Spaniards  ot  our  friendship,  and  prowess,  and 
has  di'awn  from  the  citizens  an  expression  that  our  Choc-> 
taws  are  nioiecivili/ed  than  the  British. 
1  have  the  honor  to  be,  Ike, 

ANDREW  JACKSON. 


Gen.  Jackson  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

H.  Q.  New-Orleans,  Dec.  -27, 1814.    ' 

\Extact.]  SIR — I  have  ttie  honor  to  inform  yonof  thr 

result  ol  the  acium  on  the  23(i.     The  loss  of  our  gun  boats 

near  the  pass  of  tJie  Rijulets,  have  given  the  enemy  com- 


I 


i  f 


I'' 


4 


I 


■  J  m 


986 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAR. 


maiitl  of  like  Bor^no,  lie  wnH  eiKibled  to  rlioone  lils  point 
of  attack.  It  lifcumc  liiernture  tin  object  of  importance  lo 
•bHtruct  the  numerouH  Uiyoiis  and  csinah  lt?a<liii^  fi-oni  tiiat 
lake,  lo  the hit^iihindH on  tho  iMisNi.s.sippi.  'iUin  ini|M>rlaiit 
■ervirc  wascoiuiiiilted  lo  MiijorGen.  Vjllere,  romniamtiii<r 
tbeoifitrict  hetMeen  the  river  and  the  i;ik«^N,  and  who,  heiii«r 
•  native  of  the  coiintr}',  wh-h  preRiinied  lo  be  best  acqiuti  tied 
vitii  all  those  passes.  DntorLnimtely,  however,  a  picqiiet 
^hich  the  Gen.  liad  astabhMlied  at  the  mouth  of  the  bavou 
Bienveiiu,  and  which  notwithslandiniif  my  orders  had  been 
left  nnobslructed,  wai^  completely  surprise^i,  and  the  enemy 

{)enetrated  ihrouj^h  a  canal  ieadmg^  to  \m  farm,  about  two 
eagncs  below  the  city,  and  succeeded  in  cutting  off  a  coi^i. 
pany  of  militia  stationed  there. — ^I'hin  inteDigeiiCe  Wiig 
communicated  to  me  about  ]*2  o'clock  on  the  22d.  My 
force  at  this  time  did  not  exceed  in  all  1500.  1  arri\ed 
near  the  enemy's  encampment  about  seven,  and  imme- 
diately made  my  dispositions  for  the  attack.  His  forces 
inmounting' at  that  time  on  land  tp  aliout^OOQ,  extended 
half  a  mile  on  the  river,  and  in  the  rear  nearly  to. the  vs^ood. 
Gen.  Coffee  was  ordered  to  turn  their  rtglit,  whde  with  tlie 
residue  of  the  force  I  attacked  his  strongetit  position  on  the 
left  near  the  river. 

Com.  Patterson  having  dropped  down  the  river  in  tiie 
schooner  Caroline,  was  directed  to  open  a  tire  upon  their 
camp,  which  he  executed  at  about  half  after  seven.  This 
being  the  signal  of  attack,  Gen.  Coffee  a  men  with  their 
usual  impetuosity,  rushed  ou  the  enemy's  nght.  and  enter- 
ed their  oamp,  while  onr  right  advanced  with  equal  ardor. 
A  thick  fog  arose  about  8  o'clock  occasioning  some  con- 
fusion among  the  different  corps.  Fearing  the  conse- 
quences, under  this  circumstance,  of  the  prosecution  of  a 
night  attack  with  troops  then  acting  together  foe  tiie  lii'st 
time,  I  contented  myself  with  lying  on  thetieid  thatnig-ht; 
and  at  four  in  the  morning  assumed  a  stronger  position 
about  two  miles  nearer  the  city. 

In  this  affair  the  whole  corps  under  my  command  de- 
serve the  greatest  cre<lit.  The  best  compliment  1  can  j)ny 
to  Gen.  Coffee  and  his  brigade,  is  to  say,  they  behaved  ns 
tbey  have  always  done  while  under  my  command.  The 
two  field  pieces  were  well  served  by  the  officer  command- 
inc  them.  s  ,    ,      . 


y 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAK. 


287 


tVe  hnve  inadu  1  iiiajur,  2  subulteriis  •nul  sixty-tiirce 
privaleM  |)iiNoii<*ra. 

i  have  the  bonor  to  be,  See. 

ANDREW  JACKSON. 

AMEKICAX  LOSS. 

Killed  and  Wounded  ICK). 

■.Mii  ^  »r    r  <T  BRITISH  LOSS. 

Killed  and  Wuuuded  3 14— Prisoners  iHj. 

Gen.  Jackson  to  the  Secretari/  of  War. 

H.  Q,.  New-Orleans  Jiin.  13,  181'J. 

[Ejt'tract.]  SIR — At  Huch  a  erittis  i  eoiioeive  it  my  duty 
to  keep  vou  coiiHtHiilly  advitted  of  my  situalion. 

Eurly  on  themonini<r  of  the  8lh,  the  enemy  having  been 
actively  employed  the  two  |U'ereding^  days  in  making  pre- 
piirations  tor  a  storm,  advanced  in  two  strongs  columnti  on 
my  riglil  and  left.  Tliey  were  received  however,  with  a 
tiimnehs,  w hich  seems,  they  little  expected,  and  which  de* 
feuted  all  their  hopes.  My  men  undisturbed  by  their  a|>- 
proach,  which  indeed  they  long^  anxiously  wished  for,  op- 
ened upon  liiem  a  tire  so  deliberate  and  certain,  as  render- 
ed their  sealing'  ladders  and  tascineh,  as  well  as  their  more 
(lu'ect  iniplenioiits  of  wiirfare,  perfectly  useless.  F(»r  up- 
wards of  an  hour  it  was  contumed  wilh  a  bri.>lvncss  of  which 
(here  have  been  but  few  instances,  perlixps,  in  any  country, 
bi  justice  to  the  enemy  it  must  be  said.tiiey  withstood  it  as 
ton<r  as  coulil  have  been  cxpei  ted  from  the  ntost  determin- 
ed bravery.  At  leuL^lb  however  when  all  prospect  (jf  suc- 
cess became  hopeles>,  ihoy  lied  in  confusion  from  the  tield 
— leaving;  it  covered  wilh  their  t\eM\  and    v  >?uMled. 

My  loss  was  incuubiderable  ;  being  oniy  seven*  killed 
and  six  wounded. 

Such  a  disproportion  in  loss,  when  we  consider  the  num- 
ber and  the  kind  of  troops  engaged,  must,  I  know,  excite 
astonishment,  and  may  lit.'t,  every  where,  be  fully  credited : 
yet  1  am  perfect!  v  salisiied  that  the  account  is  not  exag'<^e- 
rated  on  the  one  part,  nor  underrated  on  the  other. 

Whether  after  the  severe  losses  be  has  sustained,  lie  is 
preparing  to  return  to  bis  shipping,  or  to  make  stdi  migh- 

*  Thismu  in  the  action  on  Uvu  line — aftrnmrds  a  skirinhhini;  nrnkept 
vpin  which  ajhc  more  of  out- pu:n7ve  re  (itsl.^  ,,   ,    ..  », 


i'l 


I  , 


ill' 


B  1 1 

1''" 


!l: 


UbH 


MIMTOHY  0¥  TUB  WAR. 


i'i 


m 


i  "i 


i: 


Ml' 


tier  efforts  to  attain  hiM  firat  o(>ject,  I  do  not  pretrnrt  to  dc- 
teriiiiiie.  \l  beconifM  inc  to  act  an  ttioii<(li  the  latter  Wits 
hJM  ititeiitiuii.  One  Ihinif.  however,  HeemM  certain,  that  if 
he  Atilt  calcuhites  on  c^ectniGf  what  he  has  hitherto  heeii 
unable  toaccoinj>li<«h  he  niu.st  c\|iect  couNideraldc  rein- 
furcentents,  as  the  force  with  which  he  huided,  muHt  un- 
(lonbtediy  be  diminished  at  least  3(MK>.  Bisides  the  Iuhs 
tvhich  he  Nuntaitif d  on  the  nififht  of  the  23d  nitiino,  which 
is  etitimalod  at  tOO,  he  cannot  have  Hiitrt  red  less  bet  wo  u 
that  period  and  the  morn  in  t;  of  the  8th  inst.  tlian  300 ; 
having'  within  that  lime,  In^en  repulsed  ni  two  general  ut- 
teinps  to  drive  us  from  our  position,  and  there  havni|r  beeu 
continual  eannoiiadinir  and  skirmishing,  dunn^  the  whole 
of  it.     Yet  he  is  still  able  to  show  a  very  formid.>ble  force. 

The  commanding  General  sir  Edward  Packenham  was 
Ikilled  in  the  action  of  the  Hlh,  and  Major  Generals  Keuu 
and  Gibbs  were  mortally  wounded. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  ilicc, 

ANDREW  JACKSON. 


AMEKICAN  LOSS. 

Killed  i>even — wounded  six, 

JilllTlSU  LOSS. 

Killed  700— wounded  1400— prisoners  562. 


il- 


Lieui.  Shields  to  Com,  Patterson. 

^lew-Orleans,  .Tan.  25th,  18?o. 
[Eatract.]  SIR — 1  have  the  honor  of  reporting^  the  rt- 
sultofthe  expedition  ordered  by  you  on  the  17th  inst. 
The  lOlh,  at  night,  I  left  the  Pass  Ciieuf  Mcnlenr,  having 
made  the  necessary  observations  on  the  enemy  before  dark, 
with  5  boats  and  your  gitr,  manned  with  oO  men.  At  lu 
P.  M.  captured  a  boat  l>y  surprise,  maimed  with  56  men. 
The  number  of  prisoners  exceeding  my  men,  1  thought  it 
most  prudent  to  land  them,  topi;event  weakemng  my  force, 
which  was  accordingly  done,  and  the  prisoners  were  put 
into  the  charge  of  the  army  at  the  Pass.  The  21st,  at  day 
light,  I  again  fell  iulo  the  track  of  the  fleet.  Finding  it, 
impossible  to  make  any  captures,  without  being  discovtr- 
cd,i  determined  to  run  down  umoiig  tlicm,  and  slrikj^  at 
every  opportunity — hoisted  Enirlisii  colors,  and  lode  a 
transport  boat  witi^  5  men  ;  or<lert  <J  ner  to  follow,  atid 
stood  I'or  a  transport  schooner,  wtth  iU  men,  which!  board; 


nisTomr  or  me  waa. 


390 


c(l  with  H  men,  and  look  wiihoiil  oppoNilion.  From  0,  to 
1*2  o'clock*  WH  were  III  the  iiiid<»l  of  ihcir  boaU,  nnil  luc- 
ri'fded  in  tukiii)(  •'i  more,  wilh  alioul  70  men.  Tlw  f nv- 
fny'tHJoMN  on  this  occanion  wan  1 10  |>riiioncni,  7  boali  and  I 
tranNporl  Mrliooner. 

I  have  llie  honor  to  be^  V,c. 

THO.  SHIELDS. 

liailinjf  masUr  Juhmtm  in  Com.  I'attrrmm, 

N'«fU'OrletthN,  J.muur)  7,  1815. 
[Ejr/r»cl.]  SIH — 1  h.ivi>  the  pletiMure  of  nil'ormiii||r  yoa 
of  my  Kuccet-diiif^  in  denlroyiii^  a  lriinN|iort  brig  in  lake 
Borg-ne,  yeMterdiiVf  at  4  A  M.  On  lite  6lh  initt.  I  pro- 
ceeded down  lf»  ih«;  etiNl  nionili  of  the  PaMM,  to  atcfrtain  the 
enemy *a  |K>Mition :  finding  at  anchor  there  one  brig,  three 
gnu  boatM,  three  nchoonem,  and  Neveral  bHrget,  th«»  bng 
lying  a  mile  diNtunt  from  the  others,  I  returned,  and  deter* 
mined  to  make  an  attein|>t  to  destroy  lur.  Mv  crew  ow 
amounted  to  38  men ;  with  ihiii  force  I  Man  « <»iiiident  1 
sliould  be  able  to  deHtroy  her,  although  I  hid  bet-n  |irevi. 
uuMJy  informed  nIio  moMiited  4  pieceN  of  cannon,  and 
equipped  accordingly.  On  the  tfth  At  4  A.  M  we  boarded 
the  brig,  her  crew  conniMtingof  a  Ciptain,  a  nadiiig  ni/tNier, 
and  8  marineN,  maknig  no  refiistaiice.  It  being  nearly 
day-light,  1  ordered  the  prmonerii  into  my  boat,  and  net 
fire  to  the  brig,  which  proved  to  be  the  Cyrui,  loaded  with 
rum,  i»read,  and  Ntddiem  clothing. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Jicc. 

WILLIAM  JOHNSON. 

ADDRESS,  i 

Directed  hy  Major  General  Jackson  to  be  read  at  the  head 

of  each  of  the  corpt  composing  the  line  below  Aeiv* 

Orleans,  January  21,  1815. 

Citizens  and  fellow  MoidierN !  The  enemy  hai*  retreated, 
wd  your  General  hm  now  leinure  to  proclaim  to  the  world 
what  he  haH  noticed  with  admiration  and  pride— your  un- 
daunted courajre,  your  oatnotiim  and  patience,  nnder 
hardMbipsund  fatigiieH, — Natives  of  different  States,  acting 
toj^ether  for  the  fii'Nt  time  in  thiM  camp  ;  differing  in  habits 
und  in  language,  iiintead  of  viewing  in  th^He  circumstan- 
t'^s  the  \rerm  of  tlmtriHt  and  division,  you  have  made  then 


\ 


- 


•1 


%■ 


I  • 


f|. 


ji' 


Vi 


t^ 


000 


mSTORY  OF  THE  WAB. 


«H 


^  !!■ 


i-  ' 


■■m 


m 


!  'Ei 


; 


1 1 


the  iource  of  an  hunorable  emuUlion,  and  from  the  seed* 
ofditconi  iUelf  have  reaped  the  fruiU  of  an  honorable 
union.  Thi*  day  completea  the  fourth  week  iiince  lillfHfu 
hiuidred  of  yoii  attacked  treble  your  number  of  men,  who 
had  boANled  of  their  diHCipline,  and  tlieir  nervicet,  umlfr  a 
celebrated  leader,  in  a  lon^f  and  eventful  war — attacked 
them  in  their  camp,  the  moment  they  had  profaned  the  soil 
of  freedom  with  their  hoNtile  tread,  and  inflicted  a  blow 
which  was  a  prelude  to  the  final  reMult  of  their  Attempt  to 
conquer,  or  ilieir  poor  contrivances  to  divide  us.  A  few 
kour»  was  suflicicnt  to  unite  the  gallant  t»ind,  tliough  at  the 
moment  they  received  the  welcome  order  lo  marth,  tbey 
were  separated  many  lea{(ues,  in  diierent  directions  from 
the  city.  The  gay  rapidity  of  the  march,  and  the  cheer- 
ful countenances  of  the  officers  end  men,  would  have  in- 
duced  a  belief  that  some  festive  entertainment,  not  the  strife 
of  battle,  was  the  scene  to  which  they  hastent^d  with  so 
Hiuch-eag^erness  and  hilarity,  lii  the  conflict  that  eui^ued, 
the  same  spirii  was  Nupported,  and  my  conimunicatioiiM  to 
the  executive  of  the  U.  Htates  have  testifled  the  Neuse  I  en- 
tertained of  the  nibrits  of  the  cor|>s  and  oflk'ers  that  were 
engat^ed.  Resting  on  the  field  of  batiks  they  retired  in 
perfect  order  on  Uie  next  morning  to  these  lines,  destined 
to  become  the  scene  of  future  victories,  which  they  were 
to  sbiue  \yilhthe  rest  of  you,  my  brave  companions  in  arms. 
Scarcely  were  vour  lines  in  a  protection  against  musket 
shot,  when  on  the 'i3d  a  dispuHition  was  made  to  attack 
them  with  all  the  pomp  and  parade  of  military  tactics,  as 
impl'^Ved  by  thos$  Vfctfefans  of  the  Spanish  war. 

Their  batteries  of  heavy  camion  kept  up  an  incessant 
fire;  their  rockets  illuminated  the  air;  and  under  their 
eov^r  two  strong  columns  threatened  our  flanks.  The  foe 
indolently  tliought  that  this  spectacle  was  too  imposing  to 
be  resisted,  and  in  the  intoxication  of  his  pride  he  already 
saw  our  lines  abandoned-  without  a  contest — how  were 
tbi>se  menacing  appearaitces  met? 

By  shouts  of  defiance,  by  a  manly  countenance,  not  to 
l»e  shaken  by  the  roar  of  his  cannon,  or  by  tlie  glare  of  his 
fire-work  rockets;  by  an  artillery  served  with  suneiior 
skill,  and  witli  deadly  eflect..  Never,  my  brave  friencis,  can 
your  General  forget  the  testimonials  of  attachment  to  our 
glorious  cause,  of  iadigoant  hatred  to  our  foe,  of  effection- 


mSTORY  or  TUB  WAR. 


•J9l 


ate  confidrnre  in  your  chief,  that  ifMoiinfled  from  every 
fHuk,  UH  hu  piiMHed  uloug^yuur  line.  ThiN  uniin  itin^  ice  le 
duin|>t'(l  the  roiirnpfe  of  Ihc  enemy  ;  he  flrniiiteil  hiN  Mcaling 
lAchter.H  and  laMCines  unit  tliu  thtrutened  altuek  dwnidied 
into  n  detnuistrattoHt  winch  served  r^iiiv  to  ^e\v  Hie  ejipti- 
ncsHof  hix  parade,  and  to  inspire  you  with  ajuslcontideuce 
in  \unr«ielveA. 

The  new  year  wnn  UHlicrcd  in  with  the  mont  tremendous 
fifi'  hiM  whole  artillery  could  produce — a  few  hours  only, 
iiowever,  were  ueeeHsary  for  the  brave  and  skdful  men  who 
(iirf  ctcd  our  own  to  dismount  his  cannon,  destroy  his  but- 
teries, and  eflfectually  silence  his  fire.  Hitherto,  my  brave 
friends,  in  the  contest  on  our  lines,  your  coiira^j^e  had  been 
passive  only ;  you  stood  with  calmness,  a  Hro  that  would 
iiave  tried  the  tirmness  of  a  veteran,  and  you  anticipated  a 
nearer  contest  with  an  eag;erness  which  was  soon  to  he 
l^ratified. 

On  the  8th  of  January  the  final  effort  was  made.  At  the 
dawn  of  day  the  batteries  o|>ened  and  the  columns  aUvanc- 
f(l.  Knowing^  that  the  volunteers  from  Tennesse  and  thf 
militia  from  Kentucky  were  stationed  on  your  left,  it  was 
there  they  directed  their  chief  attack. 

Reasonin«j^  always  from  false  principles,  they  expected 
little  opposition  from  men,  whose  officers  even  were  not  in 
uniform,  who  were  ignorant  of  the  rules  of  dress,  and  who 
liud  never  been  caned  into  discipline — fatal  mistake  !  a  tire 
incessantly  kept  up,  directed  with  calmness  and  unerring 
aim,  strewed  the  neld  with  the  bravest  ofBcers  and  men  of 
the  column  which  slowly  advanced,  accordin^^'to  the  most 
approved  rules  ot  Guropcan  tactics,  and  was  cut  down  by 
the  untutored  courage  of  American  militia.  Unable  to 
iiustain  this  galling  and  unceasing  tire,  soaie  hundreds  near- 
estthe entrenchment  called  forquarier,  which  was  granted 
—the  rest  retreating,  were  rallied  at  some  distance,  but  on- 
ly to  make  ihem  a  surer  mark  for  the  grape  and  cannister 
shot  of  our  artillery,  which,  without  exagg'eration,  mowed 
down  whole  ranks  at  every  discharge  :  and  at  lengih  they 
precipitately  retired  from  the  tield. 

Our  right  had  only  a  short  contest  to  sustain  with  a  few 
I  rash  men,  who,  fatally  for  themselves,  forced  their  entrance 
iiUo  the  untinished  redoubt  on  the  river.  They  werie 
quickly  dispossessed,  and  this  glorious  day  terminated  witj) 


'  * 


m' 


I 


HISTORY  or  THB  WAB. 


a  loss  In  t^e  enemv  of  their  commnnder  in  cliit-f  and  u\u 
IVlH|or(ieiieral  kilted,  tinother  Major-  fnera!  woiuul.H, 
tlie  moNt  experienced  and  hraveHt  of  their  oflicern,  and  niori: 
than  three  lhou>taud  men  kilU>d«  wounded  and  iniHH:ii(|r, 
vhile  our  ranks,  my  friends,  were  thinned  only  l>v  the  Ion> 
of  MX  of  our  hrave  companions  kilUd,  and  seven  disuMtuI 
bv  woundv— wonder  al  iiilerposiliou  of  Heaven!  tinexiuii- 
pled  event  nt  the  history  of  war ! 

Let  us  be  grateful  to  the  Go«l  of  battles  who  has  dirert- 
«d  the  arrows  of  ni<iigiiation  aq^ainst  our  invaders,  while 
he  covered  with  his  protecting  shield  tiie  brave  defenders 
of  their  country. 

Alter  this  utisnccessful  and  disastrous  attempt,  their 
spirits  were  broken,  their  force  was  destroyed,  and  their 
whole  attention  was  employed  in  providing  the  mea'  s  of 
escape.  Thts  they  have  effected  ;  leaving  their  heavy  ar- 
tillery in  our  power,  and  many  of  their  wounded  to  our 
clemency.  The  c«ns«  queiices  ot'  this  short,  but  decisive 
cam|>atgn,  are  incalculably  important.  The  pride  of  uur 
arrogant  enemy  humbled,  his  forces  broken,  his  leu.lers 
killed,  bis  insolent  hopes  of  our  d<suiiion  frustrated — Ins 
expectation  of  noting  in  our  spoils  and  wasting  our  country 
changed  into  tguoininious  defeat,  sliaineful  Bi<^)it,  -and  a  re- 
luctant acknowledgment  of  the  liumanrty  and  kindness,  oi 
those  whom  he  had  doomed  to  all  the  horrors  and  liuiuilia- 
tiuii  of  a  conquered  state. 

On  the  other  side,  unanimity  established,  disafFection 
crushed,  contidence  restored,  your  country  saved  from  con- 
quest, your  property  from  piilage,  your  wives  and  diui^h- 
tent  from  insult  and  violation*' — the  union'  preserved  IVnm 
dismemberment,  and  perhaps  a  period  put  by  this  decsive 
striike  to  a  bloody  and  savage  war,  These,  my  brave 
friends,  are  the  consequences  of  the  efforts  }  ou  have  made, 
and  the  success  With  which  the^  have  been  crowned  by 
Heaven. 

These  imporfanl  results  have  been  effected  by  theu  \ited 
courage  and  persevera  >ce  ui  the  army  ;  but  which  thediC- 
feivni  cori'S  as  well  as  ihe  i.ulv  duals  th;it  cnmt>ose  it  W' 
ed  with  each  oilier  in  their  exertions  to  produce.  The 
gratiiiitle,  the  admiration  of  their  country,  offers  a  fairer  re- 
ft PnvioM  to  the  atlnek  fieri  Pnckenham  gave  out  for  nattJiimd^ 
|lttttUi>  wtd  fiouty/  aitdinvuuicd  three  days  riot  and  jftunder. 


HISTORY  OV  THfe  WAR. 


^•3 


ward  than  that  which  any  praises  of  Uie  Gen.  can  bestoWt 
a  i<)  the  be»t  in  that  of  which  they  can  never  Im>  deprived^ 
the  ronNcioiiftiieHM  o(  having  done  their  duty,  and  of  ineni> 
ing^  the  applause  they  will  receive. 

Com.  Dfcaturtothe  Stcreiaryo/ihe  Navy. 
\\,  B.  M.ikliip  Endymioii,  atsea,  Jan.  18,  1815, 
FIR — Tiiepaitit'iil  duty  of  delailiu(jf  to  you  the  particu- 
Inr  oau<«es  which  pr^'cndf d  and  led    to   the  cayiture  of  the 
lute  (T.  S.  frii^ate  President  by  a  Kquadroii  of  hiH   Britannic 
majesty *»  xhips*  haM  devolved  upon  me.     In  my  cuiumiini- 
caMoii  of  the  14lh(  1  nude  known  my  inte  itioii  of  proceed- 
ing; to  Hf-a  on  thdteveninj^.     Owi  g  to  some  mistake  of  the 
piiotM,  the  ship  in  goui^  out  grounded   on  the  biir,    where 
she  continued  to  strike  heavily  for  an  hour  and  a  half ;  al> 
though  she  had  broken  several  of  her  rudder   braces,   and 
ha<i  received   such  oher  material    injury  as  to  render  her 
retui'ii  into  port  desirable,  I  was  unable  to  do  so  from  the 
strong  westerly  wind  which  was  then  blowing.     We  shap- 
ed our  course  along  the  shore  of  Long-Island  and   for  50 
miles,  and  then  steered  S.  £.  by  £.  Al  five  o'clock,  three 
shi,»s  were  discovered   ahead;  we  immediately   hauled  up 
the  ship  and  passed  two  miles  to  the   northward  of  them. 
At  day  light,  we  discovered  four  ships  in  chase,  one  on 
each  quarter,  and  two  astern,  the  leading  .shij^i  of  the   eM'3- 
my  a  razee — she  commenced   a  tire   upon  us  but  without 
effect.     At  meridian  the  wind  became    light  and  balHing ; 
we  had  increased  our  distance  from   the   razee,  but  the 
next  ship  astern,  which  was  also  a  large  ship*  had  gained 
and  continued  to  gam  upoii  us  considerably;  we  inimedi- 
atelyoccu;iied  all  ha  >ds  to  lighten  ship.     At  3,  we  had  the 
wind  quite  light ;  the  enemy  who  had  now  been  joined  by 
a  brig,  had  a  strong  breeze,  and  were  coming  up  with  us 
rapidly.     TIr  £  A\  mion  (uiounting  50  guns,  24  ponnders 
o>>  the  main  deck)  had  now  approached  us  within  gunshot 
and  had  commenced  a  tire  with  her  bow  gnns,   which  we 
relumed  from  our  stern.     At  5  o'clock,  she  had   obtained 
a  position   on    our  starboard    quarter,    within    half  point 
blank  shot,  on  which  neither  our  Ntern   nor  quarter   guns 
would  bear;  1  remained  with  her  in  this  position  for  half  un 

«  Mttjealic  razte^  Eiuli/inionf  Vumone,  Ttnedos,  iJu^utch  (brig  ) 


M 


t  ■  li 


1; 


■M 


:  ^ 


iiifHii; 


i" 


'if!i#f 


?■    :i 


.  ( 


'i04 


HlifrOKY  OF  THE  WAK. 


hour,  in  the  hope  that  she  would  close  with  an  on  oar 
broadside,  in  which  case  I  prepared  my  crew  to  board,  but 
from  his  continuing^  lo  yaw  his  ship  to  maintain  ht»  position, 
it  became  evident  that  to  close  was  not  his  intention.  Eve- 
ry fire  now  cut  some  of  otir  sails  or  ringing.  To  Imve 
continued  our  course  under  these  circumstances  wou.d 
have  been  placinpf  it  in  his  power  to  cripple  us,  without,  e- 
ing  subject  to  injury  himself,  and  to  have  h.iuled  up  moie 
to  the  northward  to  bring  our  stem  guns  to  bear,  would 
have  exp<ised  us  to  his  raking  fire. 

It  was  now  dusk  when  I  determined  to  alter  my  course 
south,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  the  enemy  abeam,  und 
although  their  ships  astern  were  drawing  up  fast,  1  feit  sit- 
isfied  I  should  be  enabled  to  throw  him  out  of  the  combat 
before  they  could  come  up,  and  was  not   without  hopes,  if 
the  night  proved  dark  (of  which  there  was   every  appear- 
ance^ that   I   might  still  be  enabled  to  efiect  my   escape. 
Our  opponent  kept  off  at  the  same  instant  we  did,  and  fire 
commenced  at  the  same  time.     We  continued    engaged, 
steering  south  with  steering  sails  set  two  hours  and  a  half, 
when  we  completely  succeeded  in  dismantling  her.     Pre- 
viously to  her  dropping  entirely  out  of  the  action,  there 
were  intervals  of  minutes,  when  the  ships  were   broadside 
and  broadside,  and  in  which  she  did   not  fire  a  gun.     At 
this  period,  half  past  8  oVIock,  although  dark,  the  other 
ships  of  the  squadron  were  in  sight,  and  almost  within  gun 
shot.     We  were  of  course  compelled  to  abandon  her.     In 
resuming  our  former  course  for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  the 
squadron,  we  were  com|)el led  to  present  our  stern  to  our 
antagonist — but  such  was  his  state,  though  we  were   thus 
exposed  and  within  range  of  his  guns  for  half  an  hour,  that 
he  did  not  avail  himself  of  this   favorable  opportunity  of 
raking  us.     We  continued  this  coni'se    until  1 1   o'clnck, 
when  two  fresh  ships  of  the  enemy  (the  Ponione  and  Tene- 
dos)  had  come  up.     The  Pomoue  had  opened  her  fire  on 
the  la«'l>oard  bow,  within  musket  shot ;  the  other  attout  two 
cables'  length  astern,  taking  a  raking  position  on  our  quar- 
ter; and  the  rest  (with  the  exception  of  the  Endymion) 
within  gun  shot.     Thus  situated.   With  about  one  fifth  of 
my  crew  killed  and  wounded,  my  ship  crippled,  and  a  more 
than  four-fold  force  opp  sed  to  me,   without   a  chance  of 
esicape  left,  I  deemed  it  my  duty  to  surrender. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  WAK. 


206 


It  is  wilb  emotions  of  pride,  I  l>ear  testimony  to  the  gaU 
laniry  RntI  KteadinesM  of  every  officer  and  man  I  had  the 
honor  'c  aimaiid  ou  this  occasion,  and  I  feel  satisfied 
liiat  ihf^t  « 1  of  their  having  beaten  a  force  equal  to  them- 
Kelves,  in  the  presence,  and  almost  under  the  guns  of  vastly 
a  superior  force,  when,  too,  it  was  almost  self  evident,  that 
whatever  their  exertions  might  be,  tliey  must  ultimately  be 
captured,  will  be  taken  as  evidence  of  what  they  would 
have  performed,  had  tlie  force  opposed  to  them  been  in  any 
degree  equal. 

For  24  hours  aAer  the  action  it  was  nearly  calm,  and  the 
squadron  were  occupied  in  repairing  the  crippled  ships. 
Such  of  the  crew  of  ihe  President  as  were  not  badly  wound- 
ed, were  put  oa  board  the  different  ships;  myself  and  a 
part  of  my  crew  were  put  on  board  this  ship.  On  the  I7th 
we  had  a  gale  from  the  eastward,  wlieii  this  ship  lost  her 
bowsprit,  fore  and  main-masts,  and  mizen  to|i-mast,  all  of 
which  were  badly  wounded,  and  was,  in  consequence  of 
her  disabled  condition,  obliged  to  throw  overboard  all  her 
upper  deck  guns. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

STEPHEN  DECATUR. 

AMERICAN  LOSS. 

Killed  21 — wounded  T)/*,  .,         .„     ■ 

»U1TISI1  LOSS. 

/;       Killed  Jo — wounded  28» 


'   1 


ROYLE'S  VICTORY. 
Copt.  Boyle  to  3Ir.  George  t*.  Stephenson. 

Privateer  Chasseur,  at  sea,  March  2,  18^1». 
[EjctKact.']  SIR — I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,,  tha* 
0!)  the  26tli  of  February  being  about  six  leagues  to  wind- 
ward of  Havanna,and  two  leagues  from  the  land — at  11, 
A.  M.  discovered  a  schooner  bearing  N  E.  of  us,  appar- 
ently nnming  before  the  wind  ;  made  every  |K>ssible  sail  in 
chase.  At  lialf  past  meridian  1  fired  a  gun  and  hoisted 
ihe  American  flag,  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  the  nation 
which  she  belonged  to,  but  she  shewed  no  colors.  At  1, 
P.  M.  drawing  up  with  him  very  fast,  she  fired  a  sterti 
ohase  gun  atus,and  hoisted  English  colors^  shewing  at  the 
"♦■dime  liiue  only  three  ports  in  the  side  next  to  u>. 


in  i. 


; ,  t  .< 


i 


!  . 


^!^^r 


Sj^ 


'it  , 


'mm\3. 


^m 


i       % 


1 

^  1 

■■■| 

,  1 

t,: 

;l 

'  1 

r 

f. 

206 


HISTORY  or  THE  WAE. 


UriOer  the  imprestiion  that  ^he  wan  a  rnnningf  ye^%^\ 
bound  to  Havaniiii,  weakly  armed  and  manned,  I  infd 
every  eiforl  lo  ciotie  with  him  an  qniek  as  possible.  Shw 
very  few  men  on  his  deck,  ami  hastily  made  small  prr^mr- 
ation  for  action,  though  mv  otticers,  myself  and  men  did 
not  expect  any  fighting,  of  course  we  were  not  completely 
prepared  for  ac.  ion.  At  1,  26,  we  were  within  pistol  shut 
of  him  when  he  opened  a  tier  of  ten  ports  on  a  side,  and 
gave  his  broa<lsi(le  of  round,  grape  and  musket  \i\\U,  \ 
tin  II  opened  llie  Chasseur's  fire  from  the  great  guns  and 
niusketrv,  and  endeavored  to  close  with  him  for  the  pur- 
pose ot  boardiitg;  we  having  q,iiick  way  at  this  lime,  shot 
ahead  of  him  under  his  lee ;  he  put  his  helm  up  for  the  pur- 
pose of  wearing  across  our  stern  and  to  give  us  a  raking 
fise,  which  1  prevented  by  timely  tiking  notice  of  his  in- 
tention, and  putting  our  helm  biird  up  also.  He  shot  quick 
ahead,  and  I  closed  within  ten  yards  of  him  ;  at  this  time 
both  fires  were  heavy,  severe,  and  destructive.  I  now  found 
his  men  had  been  concealed  under  his  bulwark,  and  that  ( 
had  a  heavy  enemy  to  contend  with,  and  at  1,40,  gave  the 
order  for  boarding,  which  my  brave  ofiicers  and  men  cheer- 
fully obeyed  with  uiiexaiiipied  quickness,  instaiAly  put  the 
helm  to  starboard  to  lay  him  on  board,  and  in  the  act  of 
boarding  her,  she  surrendered.  She  proved  to  he  H.  B. 
majesty's  schooner  St.  Lawrence,  commanded  by  Litut. 
James  £.  Gordon,  of  15  guns,  14  twelve  pound  carronades 
upon  an  improved  construction,  and  a  long  nine;  7«)  men, 
and  had  on  board  a  number  of  soldiers,  marines,  and  some 
gentlemen  of  the  navy  passengers;  having  by  report  lo 
killed  and  23  wounded.  I  had  5  men  killed  and  8  wound- 
ed, myself  amongst  the  latter,  though  very  slight  y.  Thu'; 
ended  the  action  in  15  minutes  after  its  commenCi  nient, 
and  about  8  minutes  close  quarters,  with  a  force  equal  in 
every  respeci  to  our  own. 

The  Chasseur  mounts  six  12  pounders,  and  eight  slioiti^ 
pound  carronades,  (the  latter  taken  from  one  of  her  pir/>-s) 
ten  of  our  12  pound  carronades  having  iteen  thrown  ovei- 
board  whiie  hard  chased  by  the  Barrusa  frigate. 

Yours  witii  respeci, 
*   =  THOMAS  BOYLE. 


mSTOftT  OV  THE  WAR. 


997 


i    I/;   iuuii      Citl  Scott  to  Govrmor  Earltf. 

Great  Satill  river,  February  38,  181d. 

[£r/rael]  SIR — I  have  Ihe  plettMure  io  inl'orin  you  of  4 
brilliat'l  aifair  haviiii(  taken  place  on  the  244h  inMt.  on  the 
river  Su  Mary  'm,  between  a  \:i\xi  of  my  delachment,  20 
men, conMiiandetl  by  Gipt.  WiUiani  Mckler,  aided  bj 
obotit  d()  of  tlie  FatnutK  ot  Florida,  under  Col.  Dili*  and  6 
nt  the  enemy*8  barges  containing  about  :250  men,  which 
had  attenipted  ti>  proceed  up  the  river  to  burn  Mr.  A. 
Ciurk*N  nulls.  The  enemy  were  tir^it  attacked  by  the  P.it* 
nuts  from  the  Florida  nhore,  iieiir  Camp  Piiickney,  when 
the  barges  immediiitely  tacked  about  to  retreat,  but  ouir 
men  being  in  ambuiili  on  thi.s  shore  gave  them  a  second  re» 
leptioii,  and  thus  the  tire  Was  kept  up  from  both  shoreg  un- 
til they  got  into  a  greater  extent  of  river  than  our  riflemen 
could  reach.  The  enemy  tost  IGU  killed  and  wounded.—^ 
We  hud  one  man  huvelely  wounded  through  the  body, 
mid  several  received  Imlls  ihrough  their  clothes,  but  no 
further  injury.  ^ 

!«c,  hm  i^i^f^iiAJMk^iHtei.  WILLIAM  SCOTT.  ': 


Sailing  master  John  HutUmrd  to  Com,  CampbelL 
Gun  Bout,  ^o.  168,  Cumberland  Sound,  March  1»,  l»l5; 
[Extract.]  SllA. '  Proceeduig  with  the  despatch  which 
you  did  me  the  honor  to  entrust  to  my  care,  I  sailed  from 
Tybee  bar,  at  1,  P.  M.  on  the  16th  instv  wind  N.  E.  steer- 
ing south  ;  at  half  past  •}  descried  a  sail  in  the  S.  E.  quar« 
iei%  which  we  soon  found  to  be  a  ship  stand*ng  N.  N.  W. 
About  40  minutes  after  she  tired  a  gun  and  hoisted  herco- 
loi's,  the  shot  passing  over  our  fore  gaiir';  our  colors  were 
hoisted,  coiitinued  our  course  fur  a  few  minutes,  when 
another  gun  was  fired  ;  the  shot  passed  abaft  the  main 
rigging  over  the  lee  quarter.  Heaving  his  vessel  too  on 
the  starboard  tack,  hailed  me  by  saymg,  *  you  damii'd  ras* 
cal,  if  you  don't  lower  your  boat  down  and  come  on  board 
immediately.  Til  fire  into  you.  Til  siiik  you,  God  damn  you.' 
Seeing  me  in  the  act  of  taking  in  the  square  t»ail,  *  why 
(Joi/t  you  heave  too,  God  damn  you,  Til  sink  you ;  Til 
fire  a  broadside  into  you.'  As  soon  as  I  cduld  be  heard 
I  said,  this  is  a  U.  States'  vessel,  from  Savannah,  with  des- 
patches for  Admii'At  Cockburn.  In  the  act  of  pronounc- 
aig  the  Inst  words,  a  musket  was  fired  at  me,  the  ball  pass* 

3H 


i'il  A 


till 


20b 


UlSTURY  Ur  I'UC  WAlt 


^^'1 


I    i 


^l 


^m^ 


'f     ! 


iii^  ncnr  my  hlioiildeni,  over  the  hand  of  Ike  man  al  iht 
itelui,  Mtrikin^  ihe  tvuter  from  20  lo  ;M)  foct  from  the  vessel. 
Fttltin^the  helm  down,!  again  niforineci  him  of  the  char- 
acter uf  the  veifsel,  Maying,  if  you  wish  for  further  satwfaction 
youarealliberty  to8en<l}ourboaton^boarU;  be  Mid,*!  don't 
cure  a  <lanin  for  the  despulchcii,  nor  Admiral  Gnekburn 
either ;  God  damn  (hem  and  the  United  StaleHioo ;  1*11  fire  a 
broadside  into  you  and  iiink  you,  if  you  cion't  lower  your 
bout  down  and  come  on  board,  you  ruHcal.*  Put  about  and 
run  clohe  under  the  tiliip's  if e,  Haying,  this  is  the  U.  Statesi' 
gun  vesNel  No.  108,  with  despatches  for  the  Admiral  off 
St.  Mury 'n  ;  if  you  doubt  her  lieing  what  she  appears  to  be, 
you  can  hend  your  boat  on  board.  Turning  to  me,  he 
Kays,  *  God  damn  you,  come  on  board  or  Fll  sink  you — 
I'll  fire  thunder  into  you.'  I  replied,  *  if  you  do,  1  Mhull  re- 
turn  your  compliments  with  lightning.'  At  this  time  1  re. 
ceivcd,  if  possible,  a  greater  flood  of  vulgar  abuse  than 
before.  1  hove  about,  stood  to  windward  of  him,  heaving 
toouiihis  Klarboiird  qu:u'ter*  with  the  larboard  lacks  on 
board  ;  when  u  Lieutenant  came  alongside,  nnd  ordered 
nie  into  the  boat,  saying,  *  if  you  do  not  go  on  board,  eury 
one  of  you  will  be  taken  out  atid  curried  to  Charleston.' 
Go  on  board  and  tell  your  commander  that  1  shall  not  low- 
er my  boat,  nor  shall  an  officer  or  man  leave  the  vessel  but 
by  force,  showing  him  the  paper  for  Admiral  Cockbiirn.  *  If 
you  doi/t  go  on  board,  you  11  be  sunk  as  soon  as  I  go  on 
board  ;  I  advise  you  to  go' — 1  want  no  advice,  (said  I)  I 
have  tlie  orders  of  my  government  by  which  I  am  govern- 
ed ;  tell  your  commander  that  such  trifling  shall  not  pass 
Mrilh  impunity.  On  the  boat  leaving  us,  the  Captain  of  the 
ship  said,  *  won't  the  damned  rascal  come?  then  come 
alongside  and  let  me  sink  him;  1*11  fire  a  broadside  into 
him.  On  the  boat's  reaching  the  ship's  side  a  gun  was 
tired  }  the  shot  passing  to  leewMrd,  through  the  mainsail, 
Qear  the  mast,  cutting  away  one  of  the  stays,  going  Ictween 
ihe  foremast  and  rigging  ;  while  he  gave  full  vent  to  his 
vulgar  abuse.  1  now  saw  every  one  of  our  little  crew  anx- 
iously wailing  the  order  to  tire  into  the  apparent  enemy ; 
b;ii  I  considered  that  several  lives  w<ndd  in  all  probability 
be  lost,  and  the  tliig  struck  at  last.  Under  these  consider- 
ations, I  tired  a  gun  across  his  bows,  as  the  vessels  wer^ly-; 
ing,  sunk  the  signals,  and  hauled  the  colors  down/  A 


HISTORY  OF  TH*  WAS. 


«Vlr 


Lieutenant  mine  on  board,  to  whom  I  made  a  formal  siir' 
render  ot  llie  vesiiel ;  heoh«ier%'ed  that  lie  wa^only  n  Lieut. 
'  .Send  an  officer  on  tioard,  (I  replie«l^  tlie  oHicer<i  and  men 
are  your  iiriHOuerA.'  He  ordereil  me  on  lK);ird  tlie  Niiip. 
On  my  arrival  on  board  the  »hip,  I  wa.H  met  by  the  Captam 
near  the  main  mant,  saying^,  *  this  \h  hiM  majeNly's  ship  Ere- 
bus, Bartholomew,  commander.'  *  Thin  is  my  sword,  I 
replied)  that  is  the  U.  States  ^un  vessel  No.  108,  which  I 
surrender  -.xs  yonr  prize,  myself,  oflicers  and  crew  as  your 
prisoners.'  He  said  n^aiii,*  huw  dare  yon  reiuse  to  come 
on"  board  his  majesty's  ship  when  ordered  1"  *  I  know  not 
nor  do  I  acknowtedt^e  any  rii^hl  you  have  to  order*  nie  on 
board,  or  to  interrupt  me  sailing  alon^  the  American  const. 
1  shall,  4iowever,  make  a  fair  representation  of  this  most 
flag^rant  abuse  of  power  on  your  part  to  my  government.  I 
very  much  regret  that  I  have  not  the  command  of  a  vessel 
of  20  guns,  which  would  save  the  trouble  of  demanding' 
satisfaction  at  a  future  day,  by  taking  it  on  the  spot.'  He 
said,  *  I  only  wish  to  warn  you  off  the  coast;  will  you  see 
my  orders  from  the  Admiral  to  warn  all  vessels  from  the 
coast  ?'  *  As  I  am  governed  by  ihe  orders  of  my  own  gov- 
ernment, I  can  have  nothing  to  do  with  those  of  Admiral 
Cockburn.'  He  said  *  I  thought  you  might  be  from  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.'  *  You  could  not  believe  any  smh 
thing,  when  you  see  she  has  no  quarter,  has  not  the  ap- 
pearance of  having  been  at  sea  any  length  of  time;  her 
boats  not  stowed  as  if  to  remain  long  at  sea ;  nor  could  yon 
suppose  that  were  I  from  a  long  cru.se,  I  should  run  past 
the  port  of  Savannah,  thereby  exposing  my  vessel  to  any 
British  cruizerthat  might  happen  to  be  on  the  coast.'  He 
then  said,  *  upon  my  honor,  I  believe  it  was  an  accident, 
but  I  am  sure  the  last  shot  would  not  have  been  fired  if  you 
had  not  been  trying  to  run  away  from  me.*  *  Yon  coald 
believe  no  such  thing;  you  saw  both  jibs  to  windward, 
and  the  helm  a-lee.'  He  said,*  upon  my  honor,  1  don't  know 
whether  it  went  off  by  accident  or  was  fired;  no  orders  were 
given  to  fire.'  After  walking  the  quarter-deck  for  a  few 
minutes,  returning,  he  said,  *  will  you  see  my  orders  to  warn 
all  vessels  off  the  coast.'  'As  I  have  nothing  to  do  wilii 
(hem  I  can  have  no  wish  to  see  them.'  *  If  you  think  Ihis 
will  cause  any  dispute  between  the  two  governments,  (said 
he)  I  will  return  with  you  to  the  AUminU  and  have  it  set-. 


n 


ill;' 


iiffii^ili 


i  il'l! 


900 


HIHTOVLY  OV  TUK  WAIU 


1 
I 


^•\ 


l 


:i|  i 


tied.*  1  replied,  *  I  do  not  feel  inyslelf  auihorised  in  ny 
pr<*»ent  Hitutttioii  to  receive  any  MaliMtuclioii  you  may  liav« 
111  your  |M>wer  lu  ufl'er  tor  niicIi  a  wilful  inyiilt  offered  lo  ih» 
U.  Sliilcs.  I  wa»  llieu  ordered  on  board,  and  proceeded 
With  the  detfpalcheM. 
^  JOHN  IIUKLBURD. 

-I     .  

STEWART  S  VICTORY. 
Capi.  tSUtmul  to  llu;  tSevretar*/  oj  the  Navjf. 

U.  S.  friir»ite  CoiistiUilioM,  May, — 1815. 
'  FIR~-On  the  20lh  of  F*  lintary  IumI,  the  1^  and  of  Ma. 
deira  t)earintir  about  W.  S.  W.  4ii!«tant  IH)  te/«t>^ues.  He  iVll 
it  with  hix  R.  M'm  two  ships  of  war,  the  C>aie  and  Levant, 
aiul  broupfht  them  to  action  about  <>  o'clock  m  the  evening, 
both  of  winch  after  a  spirited  eng^agemeiit  of  40  minutes, 
surrendered  to  the  ship  under  my  commund. 

CoiiHidering:  the  advantages  derived  by  the  enemy,  from 
a  divided  aiul  more  active  force,  as  also  their  superiority 
in  thi^  weig^ht  and  iiuiuber  of  guns,  1  deem  the  speedy  and 
decisive  result  of  this  action  the  strongest  assurance  which 
can  be  given  to  the  government,  that  all  did  their  duty,  attd 
gallantly  supported  the  reputation  of  American  seamen. 

Inclosed  is  a  list  of  the  killed  and  wounded  ;  also  a  state- 
ment of  the  actual  force  of  the  enemy,  and  the  number  kil- 
led and  wounded  ou  board  their  8h[>is  »>(  near  as  could  be 
avcertained.       vdnat  v  *   -^y.^rMS'i 

..^',  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 
tM-i)  CHARLES  STEWART. 

7?  '        FORCE  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

f):  32  twenty  four  pouiiders. — 20  thirty- two  pounders. — 
\:1    52guns,     Officers,  men  and  boys  466.    i.  r  * 

ruj.7  It  ';..»;  FOKCE   OF   THE   CYANE. 

22  thirty-two  pounders — 10  eighteen  do, — 2  twelve  do.« 
2  brass  swivels,  36  guns. — officers  men  and  boys  180. 

FORCE   OF  THE  LEVANT. 

18  thirty-two  pounders — 2  nine  do, — Xwelve  do.  21guns.-- 
officers^men  and  boys  156.  '   r 

K*/foiKj?>ji- ti'/(        AMBKICAN  LOSS.  .)    ■;•  i-    .' 

iii.Y/  oi»    uV-i^     Kdied  3 — ^wounded  12. 
i^:dr^i)\  BRITISH   LOSS 

I '%)  ,rf  Killed  35 — wounded  39 — ^prisoners  30 1. 

j'i^iA     il  C  ^.    -        .  -J. 


UlITART  or  THV  WIR. 


dOl 


KIDDLE'S  vicrroRV. 

Capl.  Hiddie  to  Commodore  Decatur. 
U.S.  S.  HorntU  off'  Trisland  Acuuha,  A/arch  25^  1815. 

81  li — 1  have  tiie  honor  to  inform,  thai  on  the  uilNPuiRfl^^ 
of  the  23(1  iiikt.  ut  half  |Hi8l  ion,  when  about  to  anch«#i  Ml 
tilt!  north  end  of  the  isU' ilof  Trirtnn'd  Acunha,  a  sdil  wat^' 
tei-n  to  the  southward  and  eastward,  steering  to  tha  wcmI* 
ward,  the  wind  fresh  from  the  8.  8.  W.  In  a  tew  minutes 
she  had  paMsed  ou  to  the  westward  so  that  we  could  not  see 
her  for  ihe  land.  J  immediately  made  sail  tu  tlie  westward, 
aiidshouly  after  getting  sight  of  her  again,  perceived  heif 
to  bear  up  before  the  wind.  I  hove  too  for  him  to  come 
down  to  us. — When  she  had  approached  near,  I  Hlieil  the 
maintopsail,  and  continued  to  yaw  the  ship,  while  she  con- 
tinued to  come  down  ;  wearuig  occasionally  to  prevent 
her  passing  under  our  stem.  At  1  40  P.  M.  being  nearly 
within  musket  shot  distance,  she  hauled  her  wind  on  the 
starboard  tack,  hoisted  English  colors^  and  tired  a  gun. 
We  immediately  luffed  too.  hoisted  our  ensign  and  gave 
the  enemy  a  broadside.  The  action  being  thus  commenc- 
ed, a  quick  and  well  directed  fire  was  ke|*t  up  from  this 
ship,  the  eueuiy  gradually  driftmg  nearer  to  us,  when  at 
1  55  he  bore  up,  apparently  to  run  us  on  board.  At 
soon  as  I  perceived  he  would  certainly  fall  on  board,  f' 
called  the  boarders  so  as  to  be  ready  to  repel  any  attempt 
to  board  us.  At  the  instant  every  officer  and  man  repair- 
ed to  the  quarter  deck,  where  the  two  vessels  were,  coming 
in  contact  and  eagerlv  pressed  me  to  permit  them  'a  board 
the  enemy  :  but  this  I  would  not  permit,  as  it  was  evident 
from  the  commencement  of  the  action  that  our  fire  was 
greatly  supei'ior  both  in  quickness  and  in  effect.  Ti'^c  ene- 
my's bowsprit  came  in  between  our  main  and  mizen  rig- 
ging, on  our  starboard  side,  affording  him  an  opportunity 
to  board  us,  if  such  was  his  design,  but  no  at*;empt  was 
made.  There  was  a  consifierable  swell  on,  and  as  the  sea 
lifted  us  a  head,  the  enemy's  bowsprit  carried  away  cur 
mizen  shrouds,stern  davits,  and  spanker  boom,  and  he  hung 
upon  our  larboard  quarter.  At  this  moment  an  officer, 
who  was  afterwards  recognized  to  be  Mr.  M'Donold,  the 
first  Lieut,  and  the  then  commanding  officer,  called  out 
that  they  had  surrendered.  1  directed  the  marines  and 
musketry-men  to  cease  firing,  and,  while  on  the  taffrail 
asking  if  they  had  surrendered,  I  received  a  wound  in  the 


■I    : 


l\  P|;' 


M':l 


302 


IIUTO&T  OF  Tn  WAR. 


»| 


i      ! 


•  1 


neck.  The  enemy  just  then  got  clear  of  us  and  hin  furc- 
nitMi  and  bow«prit  beinn^  both  gone^  and  perceiviufir  ,ih 
vcarin^  to  give  hiin  a  fresh  broi^«ide,  he  attain  called  out 
that  he  had  surrendered.  It  wan  with  difficulty  1  could  re- 
strain my  crew  from  firinff  into  him  as^ain  as  ho  had  cer- 
tainly fired  into  us  alter  having  surrendered.  From  tlu: 
firing  of  the  fimt  gun,  to  the  laHtlime  the  enemy  cried  uiit  ho 
had  surrendered,  was  exactly  22  minutes  by  the  watch. 
She  proved  to  be  U.  B.  M-  brig  Penguin,  inouutiiiflr  mx. 
teen  321b  carronades,  two  long  12\s  a  twelve  lb  carron- 
adeon  the  top  gallant  forecastle,  with  swivels  on  the  cup- 
stern  and  in  the  tops.  She  had  a  spare  |)ort  forward,  ^o 
as  to  fight  l>oth  her  long  guns  of  a  side.  She  sailed  from 
England  in  Sept.  last.  She  is  in  all  respects,  a  remarkably 
fine  vessel  of  her  class.  The  enemy  acknowledge  a  coni- 
plegnent  of  182  men  ;  12  of  them  supernumersiry  marities 
from  the  Medway  74.  Tney  acknowledge,  also,  a  loss  of 
14  killed,  and  28  wounded  ;  but  Mr.  Mayo,  who  was  in 
charge  of  the  prize,  assures  me  that  the  number  of  killed 
was  certainly  greater.  Among  the  killed  is  Cipt.  Dicken- 
son, who  fell  at  ihe  close  of  the  action,  and  the  boatswain  ; 
among  the  wounded,  is  the  second  Lieut,  purser,  and  two 
midshipmen.  Each  of  the  midshipmen  lost  a  leg.  ll.iv. 
mg  removed  the  prisoners,  and  taken  on  board  such  provi- 
sions and  stores  as  would  be  useful  to  us,  I  scuttled  the 
Penguin,  this  morning  before  day-light,  and  she  went  down. 
As  she  was  completely  riddled  by  our  shot,  her  foremast 
and  bowsprit  both  gone,  and  her  mainmast  so  crippled  as 
to  be  incapable  of  being  sc'^'ured,  it  seemed  unadvisable,  al 
this  distance  from  home,  \.o  attempt  sending  her  to  the  U. 
Slates. 

This  ship  did  not  receive  a  single  round  shot  in  her  hull, 
nor  any  material  wound  iu  her  spars  !  the  rigging  and  saiU 
were  very  much  cut ;  but  having  bent  a  new  suit  of  sails 
and  knotted  and  secured  our  rigging,  we  are  now  com- 
pletely ready,  in  all  respects  for  any  service.  We  were 
eight  men  short  of  complement,  and  had  nine  upon  the 
sick  list  the  morning  of  the  action.  Enclosed  is  a  list  of 
killed  and  wounded.  J.  BIDDLE. 


tic-*    i-'s'iinKr. 
h,'\Hi:i    vtii 


*      AMERICAN  LOSS. 

Killed,  I. — wounded,  11 

BUITISH   LOSS. 

Killed  14.~Wounded,28. 


I     7:«1- 


Hi 


•>i!i 


•^niA 


.Y%ttl*:Vi*t» 


ilPPENDIX. 


u4 


OFFICIAL  CORRESPONDENCE, 


suit  of  sails 


f'f 


HELATIVE    TO   TUB   TEKATY   OV  PBACK. 

Wamuiuqtos,  Oct.  10, 18U. 

To  t/te  Oauite  and  Uouue  of  ^eitresentaiives  of 

mA  fivtjir      </*e  £/.  isltafet, 

I  lay  before  congrefiM  comniuiiicMtioiift  just  received  from 

the  Pteiii(>oteutiarieM  of  the  U.  ^lalL'ti,  churgod  with  oego- 

ciatin&f  |)eace  with  C.  Untttiii ;  itheM'iiig;  the  condition!  oa 

wliich  alone  that  (foveniineiit  ii»  wUling  to  put  an  end*  lo. 

ihe  war. 


I*, 


..,1, 


'-* 


JAMES  MADISON. 


The  American  Plenipoteniiariet  to  Ute  Secretary  of  stale, 

Ghent,  Aug;.  12th,  1814. 

SIR — We  have  the  honor  tu  luionu  you,  that  the  BrU 
tish  couiiniHsiioneni,  lord  Gambler,  Henry  Goulburn,  Esq. 
uiid  William  AiianiH,  Eitn.  arrived  ni  thiti  city  on  Saturday 
evening^,  the  dixth  initt.  The  day  ufler  their  arrival,  Mr. 
B  tker,  their  Sticretary,  (tailed  U|)oii  u*  to  {^ive  us  notice  of 
the  fact,  aiul  io  prupoHe  a  meetinpf,  at  a  certain  hour,  on 
the  ensuing  day.  The  place  having  been  agreed  upon,' 
we  accordingly  met,  at  1  o'clock,  on  Monday,  the  eighih 
inst.  '. 

We  enclose,  herewith,  a  copy  of  the  full  powers  exhibit- 
ed by  the  British  commissioners,  at  that  conference ;  which 
was  opened  on  their  part  by  aii  expression  of  the  sincere 
uiid  earnest  desire  of  their  government,  that  the  negocia- 
tionmitrht  result  in  a  solid  peace,  honorable  to  both  par- 
lies.  Vhey,  at  the  same  time  declared,  that  no  events 
which  had  occurred  since  the  first  proposal  for  this  nego< 
ciution,  had  altered  the  pacific  disposition  of  their  govern- 
inent,  or  varied  its  views  as  to  the  terms  upon  which  it  was 
wilH^g  to  conclude  the  peace.  ^  „      ,,,  ,  ,^,  . 


.u   t 


•I-,   I 


w, 


^•ti 


i^ 


. 


i 


301 


APPCllDfX. 


1    r. 


Wc  aiiKwered,  lliiit  we  heanl  theste  (let  laral  oiih  mii|i 
great  salistacluHi,  atiti  lliai  our  KoverniiKMit  iiad  iicrteiUd 
to  th  ■  prupnnal  ut'  iicdfiirMlioii,  with  tlie  iiitwt  Miiicere  dcsiru 
to  put  an  end  to  the  cutfbrMi^i*»  whrrhdrvided  the  two  roun. 
tries,  audio  la^  upon  junI  andhberal  ^rouiuU  the  tuuiidiiiion 
of  a  peace  whicii  Necuniiqf  the  rij^hlM  aud  iutertHU  of  buth 
nations*  tdiould  uuil«  tb<$iu  by  laittuig  bonds  of  auiity^^ 

Thif  British  conimisHionerM  then  stated  th?>1'oiK»Wirt^  kuI). 
jeciN,  as  thoi<e  u|ioii  which  it  appeared  to  them  that  the 
diNcuMHiona  would  be  likely  to  turn»  and  on  which  they  were 
instructed. 

1.  Tile  forcible  seizure  of  mariners  onboard  of  uierchtint 
vessels,  and  in  connection  with  it,  the  claim  of  his  Briliin- 
nic  majesty  to  tlie  allegiance  of  all  the  native  subjects  of 
G.  Britain. 

W^  understood  them  M  intiiirate,  that  the  British  js^ovpii). 
ment  did  not  propose  this  point  as  one  which  Ihey  were  p!ir-> 
ticularly  desirous  of  discussing  ;  but  that  as  lihad  occupied 
so  prominent  a  place  in  the  disputes  between  the  two  coiin« 
tries,  it  necessarily  attrarled  notice  and  was  considered  as  a 
subject  which  would  come  under  discussion. 

2.  The  Indian  allies  of  (i.  Briti\in  to  be  included  in  the 
pacification,  and  a  definite  boiiiidary  to  be  selUed  for  their 
territory. 

The  British  commissioners  stated,  that  an  arrangement 
upon  this  point  was  a  sine  qua  nun  ;  that  they  were  not 
authorised  to  conclude  a  treatv  of  peace  which  did  not  em- 
brace the  indinii's  as  allies  ot  his  Britannic  majesty  ;  and 
that  the  esliiblishnient  uf  a  definite  boundary  of  the  Indian 
territory  wa^  necessary  to  secure  a  permanent  peace,  not 
only  with  the  Indians,  but  also  between  the  U.  Slates  uiid 
G.  Britain. 

3.  A  revision  of  the  bonndary  linebelweentlieU.  States 
and  the  adjacent  British  colonies. 

With  respect  to  this  point,  they  expressly  disclaim  any 
intention,  on  the  part  of  their  government,  to  acquire  nii 
increase  of  territory,  and  re|>i*esei»ttd  the  proposed  revision 
as  intended  merely  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  uncer- 
tainty and  dispute.  "•  ,'*'•''"'■  "/."'i''  '  * '  "''!i  '■ 

Alter  having  stated  ihesie  thr^6  p<)infs  as  subjects  of  dis- 
cusMun,  the  British  commissioners  added,  that  before  they 
desired  any  answer  from  us,    they  felt  it  incumbent  upon 


ilFPENPIX. 


853 


the  F.  Stales 


ihcm  to  (l^rlnr**,  llinl  the  Brilitih  i;ov<>mmrat  dM  tint  deny 
the  riq^ht  of  the  Aniencaiiii  to  tl  e  tiiihene5i  Keni'rttlly*  or  in 
the  open  neas  ;  hut  ti  ai  thu  iirivih'^es  lonwerly  icrnoti'd  liy 
treaty  to  the  V.  Stuten  nt  tUhiiii^  «%ithiii  the  \mv\n  of  ihe 
British  juriHdictioii,  and  of  laiiiiiiif;  and  dryiiisfi«hon  the 
sUoren  of  the  British  tt^rriluncy,  would  not  be  renewed 
without  an  eqnivalenf 

The  extent  of  what  was  considered  l>y  them  ait  waters 
pfciiiiarly  British,  uns  not  stated.  From  the  manner  in 
which  they  hroufj^ht  this  subject  into  view,  they  Hcenied  to 
wish  UH  tu  uruierHtand  th.il  they  were  not  an\iou»  that  it 
should  l)e  diHCUHsed,  and  that  they  only  intended  to  p^ive  us 
notice  that  these  privilei;eH  had  ccaxett  to  exint,  and  would 
nut  airain  be  granted  without  an  equivalent,  ntiruide^s  we  ' 
thoujrht  proper  to  provide  expressly  in  the  treaty  of  peace 
for  their  renewal. 

The  Britiiih  commissioners  havinj^  stated  that  these  were 
all  the  Kubj.t  cts  which  they  intended  to  bring  d  rward  or  to 
sug^^est,  requested  to  be  informed*  whether  we  were  In- 
structed to  enter  into  ne^ociation  on  these  iievyal  |)ointii, 
and  whether  there  was  any  amongst  these  which  we  thought 
it  unnecessary  to  bring  into  the  negociation  ?  and  they  de- 
sired us  to  state,  on  our  part,  such  other  subjects  us  we 
might  intend  to  propose  for  discussion  in  ihe  course  of  ihe 
negociation.  The  meeting  was  then  adjourned  to  the  nexl 
(lay,  in  order  to  afford  us  the  opportmnty  of  consultation 
among  ourselves,  before  we  gave  an  answer. 

In  the  course  of  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  we  receiv- 
ed your  letters  of  the  25th  and  27lh  of  June. 

There  could  be  no  hesitation,  on  our  part,  in  informing 
the  British  commissioners,  that  we  were  not  instructed  on 
the  subjects  of  Indian  pacdication  or  boundary,  and  of 
fisheries.  Nor  did  it  seem  probable,  although  neither  of 
these  points  had  been  stated  with  sufficient  precision  in  that 
first  verbal  conference,  that  they  could  be  admitted  in  any 
shape. — We  did  not  wish,  however,  to  prejudge  the  result, 
or  by  any  hasty  proceeding  abruptly  to  break  off  the  ne- 
(Tocialion.  It  was  not  impossible  that,  on  ihe  subject  of 
the  Indians,  the  British  government  had  received  errot.eous 
impressfcuns  from  the  Indian  traders  in  Canada,  which  our 
represeutatiuns  might  remove :  and  it  appeared,  at  all 
ev(  ,)ts,  important}  to  ascertain  distinctly  the  precise  anten- 
,  39 


ii. 


.u. 


\.    !' 


806 


APPFMllX. 


i     ':'' 


i)v 


M 


-ri 


I  ' 


tiom  ofG.  Britninon  l»olh  fioiiili.  Wo,  Ihcrefore,  lhoii(r||t 
it  nii\ii»i!l)lc  in  invite  th«>  Britinh  comniisiiionerstnH  gener- 
al run vcrfca lion  on  all  the  poiniM  ;  slalmt;  to  them,  at  the 
Mmi(>tinu>,  our  want  of  instrnclions  on  two  of  them,  ami 
hohiifiir  <mt  no  expectation  of  the  probability  of  our  ag^ree- 
inp"  to  any  arliele  reKiH^elinif  I  hem.     ( 

At  our  nuelinij  on  the  enHuinu  <lay  we  inrormfd  the  Bri- 
tish coiMniiKKiiiiiers,  that  upon  th<>  first  and  third  puinls 
propoHed  hy  them  ue  were  ()r(hvidc'd  will)  instructions,  ami 
we  prcKenled  as  Injllirr  innlijccls  considered  hy  our  jroveru- 
nu'ut  aMNuilai'le  for  discussion  ; 

1st.  A  ^iefinition  of  hiockade  ;  and  a<<  far  as  miglil  be 
nintuallv  a^rted,  of  other  neutral  and  bcllig-ercnl  rights. 

'id.  Claims  of  indemnity  in  certain  cases  of  capture  anil 
se-Riu'e. 

We  then  slated  that  llie  two  subjects,  Isl  of  [ndian  ()a- 
citirnlioii,  and  boundary,  and  2d  of  fisheries,  were  not  em- 
hi^aced  by  our  i'strnctions.  •*  i.!i!-  c 

We  observed,  that  as  these  points  had  not  been  hert  lotoi'fi 
the  uronnds  of  any  controversy  between  the  j»overnniiiit 
of  G.  l^itain  and  thai  of  the  V.  Stales,  and  had  not  been 
allude«f  toby  lord  C  <»tlereajufh,  in  his  letter  proposincrihe 
negftoialion,  it  couldiiot  be  expected  that  they  should  have 
be^n' anticipated  and  made  the  sribject  of  instructions  bv 
our  gfovtmmejd  ;  that  it  was  natural  to  be  supposed,  that 
our  iiiKtnictions  were  confined  to  those  snbjects  upon  which 
differences  between  Ihe  two  countries  were  known  to  ex- 
ist; and  ihat  the  pronosition  to  drtjne,  in  a  treaty  belwcea 
the  U.  Stales  and  G.  Britain,  the  boundary  of  the  Indian 
possessions  uithiii  onr  territories,  was  new  and  without  ex- 
ample. No  such  provision  ha<l  been  inserted  in  the  treaty 
ot  peacein  »7«H3,  nor  in  any  other  treaty  between  the  two 
countries.  N<»  such  provision  had  toour  knowU/lge,  ever 
been  inserleU  in  any  treaty  made  by  G.  Britain  or  any  Eu- 
ropean power  ill  relation  to  the  same  description  of  people, 
existing  under  like  circumstances.  We  would  say«  how- 
ever, thai  it  would  not  be  doubted,  that  peace  with  the  In- 
dians would  certaiiily  follow  a  peace  with  (i. Britain  :  thut 
we  hadintormatioin  that  commissioners  had  already  been 
appointed  to  treat  with  them;  that  a  treaty  to  that  effect 
nt.trht,  perhaps,  have  been  already  concluded  :  and  that  the 
U.  StAdes  havmg  no  interest,  nor  any  motive  to  continue  a 


APPENDIX. 


907 


^nrale  war  ncfainNt  ihe  Iii(linn«,  there  v**i\U\  inner  lie  a 
iTinniiMit  when  our  {^overiinieiit  wuuld  not  be  dispoMtil  In 
make  peare  wilhlhein. 

\V(>  tht'ii  exfirevsrd  our  wiwh  to  receive  front  the  Britidk 
coinniiMsionerM  u  statement  of  Ihe  viewNaiul  ubjectM  ol'O. 
Britaiiinpor.  ai|  the  pointN,  aiul  our  u illiiit^iieMH  to  iliNeiiMk 
them  all,  tn  order  tiiat,  even  if  no  arrantrement  nIiouUI  be 
n«rri>ed  on,  u|>on  tliepointH  not  inrlnded  in  our  inKlructionit^ 
llir  irovernnient  of  the  l^  Slates  nuj^ht  be  |K>.s«e8Med  of  the 
entire  iind  precise  intentions  of  thai  of  (i.  Britain,  respecl- 
iiiif  'ht  se  points,  and  thai  the  British  ;rovernnient  niiuhl  be 
fiiil\  iniornied  of  the  objections,  on  the  part  of  the  U.  States, 
to  nnv  sneh  arranj^ement. 

In  answer  to  our  remark  that  these   point:*  had  not  been! 
alliided  to  by  lord  Casliereat>h,  in  his  K  Iter  proposing  tiie 
negocKition,  it  was  said,  ihat  it  could  not  be  expected,Jhat 
ill  a  lellermerely  intended  to  inviie  a  ne«>-ociatioiiy  he  Hhouid 
enumerate  the  topics  of  discussion,  or  state  the  pretensions 
ot  his  (jcovernment ;  since  these  would  depend  upon  uherior 
events,  and  mi<^ht  arise  out  of  a  subsequent  state  of  things. 
In  reply  to  our  observation,  that  the  propose  dstipulatjou 
of  an  Indian  boundary   was  without  example  in  the  prac- 
tice of  European  nations,  it  was  asserted  that  the  Indians 
must  in  some  sort  be  considered  as  an  independent  people, 
since  treaties  were  made  with  them,  both  by  G.  Britain  and 
the  U.  States  :  upon  which  we  pointed  out  the  obvious  and 
important  diti'erences  between  Ihe  treaties  we  miu'ht  make 
with  Indians,  livin<r  in  our  territory,  and  such  a  treaty  an 
was  proposed  to  be  made,  respectiiijg^  them,  with  a  foreig'u 
power,    who  had  solemnly  a(linuwled<>ed  the  territory  on 
winch  they  resided  to  be  part  of  the  U.  Stales,    i..  ,^:.  a  >  // 
We  were  then  asked  by  the  British  commissioners  wheth- 
er, incase  they  should  enter  fnrlh'r  upon  the  discussion  of 
the  several  ponits  which  had  been  stated,  we  could  expect 
ihat  it  would  terminate  by  some  provisioned  arrangement 
on  the  points  on  which  we  had  no  instructions,  particular- 
ly on  that  respecting'  the  [tidians,  which  arrangement  would 
be  subject  to  the  ratiHcation  of  our  government  ? 

We  answered,  that  beft»re  the  subjects  were  distinctly 
understood,  a'ld  the  objects  in  view  more  precisely  discloN- 
ed,  we  could  not  decide  whether  it  would  be  possible  tq 
form  any  satisfactory   article  uu  the  subject ;  nor  pledge 


ijj!^ 


US! 


:ij 


% 


:    t 

I     i 


m 


d<i8 


IPPPNDIX. 


Hi 


'■!♦, 


li' 


4' 


m 


■ 


ourKolves  ns  to  fehe  exeruiNe  of  u  ciiHcretiuii  under  our  pow- 
ers, even  wilh  rcH|V(*l  to  u  provinional  ngrcemeut.  We 
addeily  that  a**  we  should  deeply  deplore  a  rupture  of  the 
Ml^oriation  on  any  point*  it  wan  our  anxiuux  desire  to  em- 
ploy nil  possihie  mean**  to  avert  an  event  so  HenouN  in  lU 
coosequences  ;  ami  that  we  had  nol  been  without  hopes 
that  »  discussion  nii&[ht  roriecl  the  eQ'ect  of  any  erroneous 
information  whieh  the  British  «40vernuient  in'(>hl  have  re- 
ceived oil  the  subject  which  they  had  proposcl  as  a  pre- 
liminary basis.  VM'  u;tH  >>' 

We  took  this  opportunity  to  remark,  that  no  nation  ob- 
serTed  a  policy  more  liberal  and  humane  towards  iIk  In- 
dians than  that  pursued  by  the  U.  States  ;  that  our  object 
had  been,  by  all 'practicable  means,  to  introduce  civiliza- 
tion  amongst  them  ;  that  their  possessions  were  secured  to 
them  by  well  defined  boundaries,  that  their  persons,  lands, 
and  other  property  were  now  more  effectually  protected 
a^inst  violence  or  frauds  from  any  quarter,  than  they  had 
been  under  any  former  government ;  that  even  our  citizens 
'were  not  allowed  to  purchase  their  lands  ;  that  when  they 
gave  up  their  title  to  any  portion  of  their  country  to  the  U. 
States,  it  was  by  a  voluntary  treaty  with  our  government, 
mho  gave  them  a  satisfactory  equivalent;  and  that  throuoK 
these  means  the  U.  States  had  succeeded  in  preservuig, 
since  the  treaty  of  Greenville  of  179d,  an  uninterrupted 
peace  of  sixteen  years,  with  all  the  Indnin  tribes;  a  period 
of  tranquility  much  longer  than  they  were  known  to  have 
enjosed  heretofore.  t     m;  -i    ■■>,  / 

-  li  was  then  expressly  staged  on  our  part,  that  the  propo- 
sUioti  res<>ecting  the  Indians,  was  not  distinctly  understood. 
We  asked  whether  the  pacitication,  and  the  settlemeni  of 
a  boundary  for  them  were  both  made  a  sine  qua  non. — 
Winch  was  answtred  in  the  affirmative.  Tlie  qnesion 
MUH  then  asked  the  British  commissioners,  whether  tiie 
pro{K>sed  Indian  boundary  was  intended  to  preclude  the  U. 
States  from  the  right  of  purchasing  by  treaty  from  the  l.i- 
dians,  without  the  consent  of  G.  Britain,  lands  laying  bo 
yuiid  that  boundary  ?  And  as  a  restriction  upon  the  In- 
dians from  selling  by  amicable  treaties  lands  to  the  \J. 
Slates,  as  had  been  hitherto  practised?  .  :.  :  . 
•  To  litis  question,  it  was  first  answered  by  one  of  the 
commissiuaei's,  that  the  Indians  would  uot  be  restricleci 


APP£NI>I3U 


ilOO 


irom  ftclling  ibeir  laiidk,  bul  lltat  iht*  U.  S^lates  would  be 
reHU'icted  froui  purckaKiug  Ihetii ;  and  uii  n  HecUuo  aiiulli- 
er  of  the  coniuiisMioiicrs  ittalcd,  iliul  it  was  iiileiidcd  ibafc 
the  Indian  territory  s^iiuuld  be  a  barrier  bet\\eeii  the  Brilhli 
duiiiiiiiuiis  and  thttse  ol  the  U.  States,  that  ijoth  G  Britain 
and  the  U.  Slates  should  bi^  reslricttd  from  purchasing 
their  lauds  ;  bul  the  ludiaus  might  sell  them  to  a  Uiird  par- 

Tiie  proposition  respecting  Lidian  boundary  thus  ex- 
pUiined,  and  connected  with  the  right  of  sovereignty  as- 
cribcd  to  the  Indians  over  the  country,  amounted  to  i.oth- 
\\\%  less  than  a  demand  of  the  absolute  cession  of  ihe  rights 
both  of  sovereignty  and  of  sod.  We  cannot  abstain  from 
remarking  to  you,  that  the  subject  (of  Indian  boundary) - 
Wiis  indislincily  stated  vvheii  first  proposed,  and  that  the 
ex|)lanalions  were  at  first  obscure  and  always  given  with 
reluctance.  And  it  was  declai'Mi  from  the  first  moment,  io 
be  a  sme  qua  non,  rendering  any  discussion  anprofitable 
until  it  was  admitted  as  a  basis.  Knowing  that  we  had 
no  power  to  cede  to  the  Indans  any  part  of  our  territory, 
we  thought  it  unnecessary  to  ask,  what  probably  would  not 
have  been  answered  till  the  principle  was  admitted,  where 
the  line  of  demarkation  of  the  Indian  country  was  propos> 
ed  to  be  established. 

The  British  commissioners,  after  having  repeated  that 
their  instructions  on  the  sulijecl  of  llie  Indians  were  pe- 
remptory, stated  that  unless  we  could  give  some  assurance, 
thiit  our  powers  would  allow  us  to  make  at  least  a  provi- 
sional arrangement  on  the  subject,  any  further  discussioa 
would  be  fruitless,  and  that  they  must  consult  their  own 
government  on  this  state  of  things.  Thiy  proposed  ac- 
cordingly a  suspension  of  the  conferences,  until  they  should 
have  received  an  answer,  it  being  u  .derstood  that  each 
parly  might  call  a  meeting  whene\er  they  had  any  propo- 
sition to  submit.  They  disjiatciied  a  special  messeiigev 
ilie  same  evMiing,  and  we  aiv  iiuw  waiting  fur  the  result. 

Before  llie  proposed  adjournment  took  place,  it  was 
agreed  thai  there  should  be  a  protocol  of  the  conferences ; 
thai  a  statement  should  for  th^it  purpose  be  drawn  up  by 
each  party,  and  thai  we  should  meet  the  next  day  lo  com- 
pare the  stalenuiuU  We  accordingly  met  again  on  Wed- 
nesday  the  iOlh  insl.  and  ultimately  agreed  upon   whul 


U: 


i  ;  i 


i    i: 


■il  ti 


■  I 


rl-^ 


\hi 


'^^ 


910 


APFRNDIX. 


H 


;M| 


n 


'U 


m 


I 


shoiiUl  conxtiliile  the  protocol  of  the  ronferenreii.  A  cony 
of  thiA  iiMtriimeiit,  we  have  the  honor  to  tranHniit  wilh  thi» 
dituatch. 

*  They  objected  to  the  insertion  of  the  answer  which  they 
had  oriven  to  ourquention  refl|)ectint|^  the  «ifect  of  the  ))ri>- 
poNfd  Iiulian  boundary  ;  bnt  they  ajrreed  to  an  a  iteration 
of  their  origin  li  {troposition  on  that  subject,  which  ren- 
den)  it  much  more  ex|>licit  than  ah  ?«t;ited,  either  in  the  tirst 

CO  iference  or  in  their  proposed  drau^^ht  of  the  protocol. 

They  al»o  objected  to  the  inscrtioit  of  the  fact,  that  tl)tiy 
bad  proposed  to  adjourn  the  conferences,  until  they  c«»ii!d 
obtain  further  instmctioiis  from  their  government.  The 
return  of  their  messenger  may,  (>erhaps,  disclose  the  mo- 
tive of  their  reluctance  in  that  respect. 

We  ha,ve  Ihehonor  to  be,  "vc.  '  ■u.^t,- 

JOHN  a.  ADAMS,  I  H.  CLAY,  i; 

J.  A.  BAYARD,       j  JONA.  RUSSELL. 

^  PROTOCOL  OF  CONFERENCE. 

AuffmtS,  1814. 

The  British  commissioners  requested  iiiforni«itioii  v«helii. 
er  the  American  commissioners  were  instructed  to  enter 
into  negociation  on  the  prect  ding  points  P  But  before  they 
desired  any  answer,  they  felt  it  right  to  communicate  tiie 
intentions  of  their  government  as  to  the  North  American 
tisheries,  viz.  That  the  British  guvernment  did  not  intend 
to  grant  to  the  U.  States,  gratuitously,  the  privileges  for- 
merly  granted  by  treaty  to  them,  of  fishing  within  the  lim- 
its of  the  British  sovereignty,  and  of  using  theshores  of  the 
British  territories  for  purposes  connected  with  the  tishe- 
ries. 

August  9. — The  meeting  being  adjourned  to  the  9th  of 
August,  the  commissioners  met  again  on  that  day. 

The  American  commissioners  at  this  meeting  stated, 
that  upon  the  first  and  third  |>oiiits  proposed  by  the  British 
commissioners,  they  were  provided  with  instructions  truiii 
their  government,  and  that  the  second  and  tourth  of  these 
points  were  not  provided  for  in  their  instructions.  That 
in  relation  to  an  Indian  pacitication,  they  knew  that  (he 
government  of  the  U.  States  had  a|)po:nted  coainiission- 
ers  to  treat  of  peace  wilh  the  Indians,  and  that  it  was  not 
improbable  that  peace  had  been  made  with  them. 


APPBNIUX. 


911 


The  American  coimniwiioner»  presenle<1  as  Curlher  dub- 
jerUc«His:ikT«il  by  Ibe  governnieai  of  the  U.  Slates  a»  suit- 
able tor  disciiMHioii. 

1.  A  tietiiiilioii  of  blockade,  and  as  far  as  may  be  a- 
greeti.uf  oibcT  iK'Ulral  aitd  bellij^ereiit  rights. 

2.  Certain  claims  of  indemnity  lo  individuals  for  captures 
uiid  seizures  preceding'  -tnd  Mubnequeiit  to  the  war. 

3.  '1  bey  further  sUited  that  there  were  various  other 
points  to  nbicb  their  instructions  extended,  which  might 
uith  proprtttty  be  objects  of  discussion,  either  in  the  nego- 
ciiition  of  the  f.-oacc,  or  in  titat  of  a  treaty  of  commerce, 
witu.h  in  tiic  csise  of  a  propitious  termmation  of  tlie  present 
conferences,  they  were  bkewisc  uulhurtst'd  to  conclude. 
That  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  Uie  first  and  most  es- ' 
se  liai  object  of  peace,  they  had  discarded  every  subject 
wliicli  was  not  considered  as  peculiarly  connected  with 
tiiiil,  and  piTMenlcd  only  those  points  which  appeared  to 
be  imiiiedialely  relevanl  to  this  neg'ociation. 

The  American  commissioners  expres.sed  their  wish  to  re- 
ceive from  the  British  commissioners  a  statement  of  the 
views  and  objects  of  G.  Britain,  U|K>n  all  the  points,  and 
tiieir  willhigness  todiscuKS  them  all. 

Tliey»  the  American  commissioners  were  asked,  wheth- 
er, it  those  of  G.  Britain  should  enter  further  upon  this  dis- 
cussion, particularly  respecting  the  Indian  boundary,  the 
American  commissioners  could  expect  that  it  would  ter- 
nunate  by  some  provisional  arrangement,  which  they  could 
conclude, subjfct to  the  ratification  of  their  government? 

Tlit'y  answered,  that  as  any  arrangetrsont  to  which  they 
could  agree  upon  the  subject  must  be  without  specific  au- 
tlionty  from  their  government,  it  was  not  possible  for  them, 
previous  to  discussion,  to  decide  whether  any  article  on  the 
subject  could  be  formed  which  would  be  mutually  satisfac- 
tory, and  to  which  they  should  think  themselves,  under 
their  discretionary  powers,  justified  in  acceding. 


-■  I 


'n 


'^•5! 


The  American  Commissioners  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 

GiiLNT,  August  19,  1814.    ' 

SIR—  Mr.  Biker, secretary  to  the  British  mission,  call- 
ed upon  us  to-day,  at  1  o'clock,  and  invited  us  to  a  con- 
ference to  be  held  at  three.  This  was  agreed  to,  and  the 
British  commissioners  opened  it,  by  saying  that  they  had 


'        I", 


i^ 


f    '   !! 


ii' 


8i 


i:-t^^ 


I  i 


:il2 


APVENDIX. 


received  their  4'iirther  iiiitmctionfi  ihiH  morniitc^,  and  )ind 
nuiluNt  a  moment  in  reqiietttiiig  n  meftiii)r  for  the  puqMx^f: 
of  com;nuiii('utiii(^  the  decis'oii  of  Iheir  g^nverriment.  It  \% 
pro|>«r  to  notice  that  lord  Casllfrr'agh  had  arrived  lust 
iii^lit  in  this  city»  whence,  it  \h  xaid,  he  wdl  depart  to-mor- 
row on  hiN  way  to  BniMseh  and  Vienna. 

The  KntiHh  commisNionerit  stated  that  their  g'overnmctit 
had  felt  some  surprise,  thai  we  were  not  inHtriieted  res|>ecl. 
mg  the  Indhiiis,  as  it  could  not  have  been  ex|)ecled  that 
they  would  lesive  their  allies,  in  their  rompnrntiveiy  wenk 
situation, exposed  to  our  resftttnienl.  Givtit-Biitam  nnt;!  t 
justly  have  supposed  that  the  Americ;)ti«overiiment  woiiUI 
have  furnished  us  with  instructions  aiithonsinir  ns  to  a^ree 
to  a  positive  article  on  the  subject ;  btit,  the  leiist  she  eonld 
demand  was  that  we  should  si^n  a  provisional  article  nd- 
miltingthe  principal  subject  to  the  ratifioatioii  of  our^ov. 
ei'iimeiit ;  so  that,  if  it  should  be  ratitied,  the  treaty  shoutd 
take  eBect ;  and,  if  not,  that  it  should  be  null  and  void  ;  on 
our  assent  or  refusal  to  adui't  such  an  article  wonid  depend 
the  continuance  or  suspension  of  the  ne^ociation.    f«  <-wi 

As  we  had  represented  that  the  proposition  made  by 
them,  on  that  subject,  wa.^  not  sufficiently  explicit,  their 
governmenl  had  directed  them  to  g-ive  us  every  necessary 
explanation,  and  to  state  distinctly  the  basis  which  must 
be  considered  us  an  indispensable  preliminary. 
^*'  It  was  'A  sine  qua  non  that  the  Indians  should  be  includ- 
ed in  the  paciHcution,  and,  as  incident  thereto,  that  the 
boundaries  of  their  territory  should  be  pemiaitentiy  estab- 
lished. Peace  with  the  Indians  was  a  subject  so  simple, 
as  to  require  no  comment.  With  respect  to  the  bounda- 
ries which  was  to  divide  their  territory  from  that  of  the  U. 
%States,  the  object  of  the  British  a^overnmeiit  was,  that  the 
Indians  should  remain  as  a  permanent  barrier  between  our 
•western  settlements,  and  the  adjacent  British  provinces,  to 
prevent  them  from  being"  conterminous  to  each  other:  and 
that  neither  the  U.  States,  iiorG.  Britain,  should  ever  here- 
after have  the  right  to  purchase,  or  acquire  any  part  tif  the 
territoiy  thus  recognized,  as  belonging  to  the  Indians.— 
With  regard  to  the  extent  of  the  Indian  territory,  and  llic 
boundary  line,  the  British  government  would  propose  llie 
lines  of  the  Greenville  treaty,  as  a  proptr  basis,  subject, 
however,  to  discussion  and  inoditications. 


APPKNDI^t 


dIS 


fit 


VTe  Nintrd  Ihnl  the  Tnilian  terrilorv,  arcon^inir  to  thnte 
lin^,  would  comprpheiitl  a  frreat  niitnlKT  of  AiuencHn  rili- 
7fii<  ;  not  lesK,  |)€>rha|>M,  than  a  iHindred  thouMuiul  :  and 
asked,  what  was  the  iiitetttion  nfthe  British  GToveriiineiit 
ifsppcfiii^  them,  and  under  whose  gfovefnment  tl  ey  would 
fiill  ?  It  wafl  answered  that  thosv  setllenieutH  would  lie  tak> 
en  into  consideration,  when  the  line  l>ec:iine  a  subject  of 
d.srussion  ;  hut  that  such  of  the  inhabitants,  as  would  ulti- 
mntcrv  he  included  wilhin  the  Indian  territory,  must  make 
their  own  arrang;emei»ts  an<l  provide  forlhemselvos. 

l*he  Kritish  commissioners  here  said  that,  considerintr 
the  nnporlanco  of  the  question  \\r  \vm\  to  <lecide,  (thai  of' 
ajrn'ein^ir  lo  a  i  rovisional  articlf)  tln^ir  novernmcnt  had 
tlioo^ht  it  right,  that  we  should  also  he  fully  informed  of 
itH  vi^s,  with  respect  to  the  proposed  revision  of  the 
boundary  line,  tictweeu  the  dominions  of  G.  Britain  and 
the  U.  States. 

1st.  Experience  had  proved  that  the  joint  possession  of 
the  lakes,  and  a  ri«rht  conmion  to  both  nations,  to  keep  up 
a  naval  force  on  them,  necessarily  produced  collisons,  and 
rendered  peace  insccnre.  AsG.  Britaui  could  not  be  sup- 
posed to  ex;)ect  to  make  conquest  in  that  quarter,  and  as 
that  province  was  essentially  weaker  than  the  U.  States^ 
nnd  exposed  to  invasion,  it  was  necessary,  for  its  security, 
that  G.  Britain  should  require  that  the  U.  States  should 
hereafter  keep  no  armed  naval  force  on  the  Western  Lakes, 
from  Lake  Ontario  to  Lake  Superior,  both  inclusive  ;  that 
they  should  not  ei-ect  ai'V  fortified  or  military  post  or  estab- 
lishmetit  on  the  shores  oT  those  lakes  ;  and  that  they  should 
not  maintain  ihose  which  were  already  existmg.  This 
must,  they  said,  be  considered  as  a  moderate  demand,  smce 
G.  Britain,  if  she  had  not  disclaimed  theiidention  of  any  in- 
crease of  territory,  mij^hl  with  propriety  have  asked  a  ces- 
sion of  the  adjacent  American  shares.  The  commercial 
navigation  and  intercourse  wouM  be  Lit  on  the  same  footmg. 
as  heretofore.  It  *\nn  expressly  stated,  (in  answer  to  a 
question  we  asked,)  that,  G.  Britain  was  to  retain  the  right 
of  having  an  armed  naval  force  on  those  lakes,  and  of  hold- 
ing military  posts  and  estahlishments  on  their  shores. 

2.  The  bouiwlary  line  west  of  Lake  Superior,  and  thence 
to  the  Mississipi,  to  be  revtseda-id  the  treaty  right  of  G. 
Britaiiv  to  the  navigation  o|  the  Mississipi,  to  he  continued,.. 

40 


I 


E'f 


-.il'  ! 


814 


APPCVDIX. 


If'i 


VVben  ask«(l,  whether  lliev  did  not  mean  the  Hue  frotn  the 
Liikeonhu  VV<M>ftM  to  the  MiKBitMipi,  the  HritiNh  coinmis- 
i.ont  ri«  re|M>uted  that  thty  meant  the  line  frotn  lake  ^upe. 
rior«  to  that  river. 

9.  A  <lirM't  communication  from  Halifax  and  the  ^o- 
vhice  uf  NeW'DrunMWirk  to  Quebec,  to  be  secured  to  h. 
Bi'ilaiti  In  answer  to  our  qiieHtiuik,  in  what  manner  this 
wtiD^tube  ertVcled,  we  wt-re  told  that  it  muHt  be  done  by  a 
ttesKion  to  G.  Britain  of  that  portion  of  the  distrct  of  iVIainc- 
fin  the  stale  of  MaKsachuNflls)  which  intervenes  betwi^en 
^lew•  Brunswick  and  Q,uebtc»,  a^>d  pi'event»  that  direct 
coinnuinicatiun.  /.,..,,.     ;.  •         .>., 

^t  Kevertiitu^  to  the  proposed  pro? iftonal  article,  respectino^ 
the  Indian  paritication  and  boundary,  the  BnUsh  com- 
niiHsionoi'H  concluded  bv  stating  to  »k,  thai  if  llie  conferen- 
ces .shouli!  be  sns))ended  by  our  refusal  to  agree  to  such  an 
aiiicle,  without  having  obtained  further  inhtructions  from 
our  government,  G.  Britain  would  not  coiistder  her.selt 
buiiiui  to  abide  by  the  lerniN  which  siie  now  ofi'ered,  bui 
Would  be  at  liberty  tovarv  and  ngniult-  her  demands  to- 
curding  to  stu.\ie(|^uent  events,  and  III  such  matiuer  as  the 
stsiteuf  the  wurjiit  the  time  of  renewing  the  negociation, 
miglit  warrant. 

We  asked  wlKther  the  statement  made,  respecting  pro- 
posed revision  of  the  boundary  line  between  the  U.  State^^ 
and  the  donnnions  ot  G.  Britain,  embraced  all  the  objects 
she  meant  to  U'lng  forward  for  discussion,  and  what  were, 
particiilurly,  her  views  with  respect  to  Moose  Island,  aiui 
such  other  islands  in  the  bay  of  Passamaqiiaddy,  as  had 
be^f)  III. our  posseosion  till  the  |>resent  war,  but  had  bee» 
lately  ,taptured  i'  We  were  answered,  that  those  Islands  be- 
longing.of  right,  to  G.  Britain,  (as  much  so,  one  of  the  cor.i- 
missioiiers  said,  as  Noi'thaniptoushire,)  lliey  would  certain- 
ly l>e  k«pt  by  her,  and  .were  nel,  even  au(>posed  to  be  an  ob- 
jerrt  of  discussion. 

From  the  ti>rcible  mwuier  in  which  the  demand,  that  the 
XJ.  Slates  shiuiti  keep  no  naval  armed  force  on  the  lakes, 
nor  any  military  post  on  their  shores,  has  been  brought  for- 
ward, we  were  it>duced  to  inquire  whether  this^  condition 
IV as  also  meant  as  a  &ine  qua  uon  ?  To  tUis>the  British  coni- 
ntissioners  declined  giving  a  positive  answer.  They  said 
Uial  they  had  been  'iuiihciently  explicit;  that  they  hud  given 


APPFXDIX. 


S15 


w  one  sine  qua  non,  and  when  wc  lisu)  (liA|K>«e<l  of  that,  it 
wuH  (I  lit'  1(11  L  eiioutifli  to  ^ive  ns  an  utiNwer  an  lu  anolSuT. 

We  then  nt  ted  liiat,  coiiNulennic  tiie  nalnre  at>d  uitpor- 
tOMce  ot  th<>  cunininiiication  made  ihiN  day,  ue  u  \ei\  the 
British  comiinMsioiuTN  to  reduce  the ir  |)ro|>osalH  to  wntnig', 
belore  we  ^n\e  them  an  answer  ;  thm  ihey  au^reed  to,  and 
proinitied  to  Nend  ns  an  otiirial  note  withont  dehiy. 

We  need  hardly  say  that  the  deniandA  uf  G.  Britain  will 
receive  from  us  an  unannnous  an<l  deei<le<l  nejjative.  We 
do  not  deem  itneressary  to  detam  the  John  Adams  for  liie 
purpose  of  transtriittin^  to  you  the  ofticial  notes   which  m  ly 

!)ass  on  the  Nuhjoct  and  close  the  ne«;ociation.  And  we 
lave  felt  it  our  duty  immediately  to  apprize  yon,  \>y  this- 
hasty,  but  coriett  sketcli of  our  laitt  conference,  that  there 
it)  not  at  present,  a.y  hope  of  peace.       >      ;  '  >    s' 

We  have  the  honor  to  he,  .Sec. 
JOHN  a  ADAMS,  I    11.  CLAY, 
J.  A.  BA  YARD,       |  JONA.  KUSSELL. 
iv  >  A.  G ALLATIM, 


Note  of  the   British  commissioners.     (Ileceived  after  the 
above  letter  was  written.)  '< 

The  undersigned,  Plenipoteiitiares  of  hiti  Britannic  majes- 
ty, do  themselves  the  honor  of  acquainting  the  Plenipoten- 
tiaries of  the  CJ.  States,  that  they  have  aommuntcated  to 
their  court  the  result  of  the  conference  which  diey  had  the 
honor  of  holding  with  them  upon  the  9th  insl.  in  which 
they  stated,  that  they  were  unprovided  With  any  Sjiecific  in- 
structions, as  to  comprehending  the  Indian  nations  in  a  trea- 
ty of  peace  to  be  made  with  G.  Britain,  and  as  to  defining  a 
boundary  to  the  Indian  territory. 

The  undersigned  are  instructed  to  acquaint  the  Plenipoten- 
tiaries of  the  U.  States,  that  his  majesty's  government  hav- 
ing at  the  outset  of  the  negociation,  with  a  view  to  the  spee- 
dy restoration  of  peace  reduced  as  far  as  possible  the  number 
of  points  to  be  discussed,  and  having  professed  themselves 
willing  to  forego  on  some  important  topics  any  stipulation 
to  the  advantage  of  G.  Britain,  cannot  but  feel  some  surprise 
thiit  the  government  of  the  V .  States  should  not  have  fur- 
nished their  Plenipotentiaries  with  instruetions  upon  thos«> 
points  which  could  hardly  fad  to  come  under  discussion. 


'!i 


m 


■','-■  'I 


n^ 


ikPFENlHX. 


)fv 


',1   ■ 


Under  the  inaliility  of  lli(>  AuicrivHii  |Meiii|iuleiiliuricf, 
to  coiicluclc  any  tirlicle  ii|)Uii  llu  siiUjert  ol  liuiiiiii  |>anti.i. 
tioii  mid  Indian  Ixnindury,  whicli  nJiidl  bind  llic  ((ovcrit- 
ment  ol'lht'  U.  Slates,  his  niiijt-slN'H  government  cuniti^v 
that  they  rannut  give  a  better  jMuof  ol'  their  Hincere  <Usiie 
for  the  restoration  of  peace,  tl;a!i  by  |n'oi'eh.<*iiitf  their  wdbi^- 
nesM  to  accept  a |>rovi8ional  article  npon  lhu!>e  iieads,  ni  lliu 
ev^ntof  Ihe  Aniencao  Pienipott  (kliariescon.sidering'  them- 
selves anihorized  to  accede  to  the  general  prineipl^H,  upon 
>vliich  such  an  arlii  U>  ou<;hl  to  be  founded.  With  a  view 
to  enable  thi*  American  FlenipotetitiarieK  to  decide,  how 
far  the  coneiuM  on  of  such  an  artich;  is  within  the  hinit  of 
their  g^eneral  discretion,  the  uudersig^ned  are  directed  to 
Aate,  fully  and  distinctly^  tlie  basis  upon  which  alone  G. 
Britain  sees  any  prospecl  of  advautaj^e  in  the  contuiuaucu 
of  I  he  negociations  at  the  present  time. 

The  undersigned  have  already  had  th?  honor  of  s^'^ling 
to  the  American  Ptenipotentiaries,  thai  m  coiisidering  the 
points  above  referred  to,  sis  a  .<iinc  qua  nm  of  any  treaty  of 
peace,  the  view  of  the  British  government  is  the  perma- 
nent tranquility  and  security  of  the  Indian  nations,  aii4 
the  prevention  of  ihose  jealousies  and  irritations,  to  which 
the  frequent  alteration  oi  the  Indian  limits  has  heretofore 
given  rise. 

For  this  purpose  it  is  indisoensably  neces^sary,  that  the 
Indian  nations  who  have  been  durntg  ihe  war  in  alliaure 
witli  G.  Britain,  should,  at  the  termination  of  the  war,  bo 
included  n»  the  pacification.  -• »,»»  ^'viij  Ui!!  1.  a.  m:  ..  ■ 
It  is  equally  necessary,  ihat  a  dttinite  boundary  should 
be  assigned  to  the  I.;dians,  and  that  the  contracting  par- 
tu^s  should  g^iiaraotee  the  intt-g  ity  of  their  territory,  by  a 
nmlual  stipulation,  not  to  acquire  by  purchase,  or  other- 
wise, any  territory  within  the  speciiied  limits.  Tne  British 
government  are  willing  to  take,  as  the  basis  of  an  article 
on  this  subject,  those  stipulations  of  the  treaty  of  Greenville, 
subject  to  ni(»diiicalions,  which  relate  to  a  boundary  tine. 

As  the  undersigned  are  desirous  ol  staling  every  point 
in  connection  with  the  subjt  ct,  which  may  reasonably  in- 
fluence the  decision  of  the  American  Plenipotentiaries  in 
the  extrcise  of  their  discretion,  ihey  avail  themselves  of 
'  this  opportUiiity  to  repeat  what  they  already  stated,  thai  G. 
Britain  desires  the  rev  ision  of  the  trontjer  between  her 


AiPPRIfDfX. 

North  AiiK'ricsin  (iumiiiUMin  and   Ummo  of  llu  I    .^tiit»s 
iiul  wiUn  any  view  lu  lui  ur(|UiNitiuii  oflurntory,  an  Niirli, 

Iml  i'oV  illC  pUriH»M^  of  MiVUrillg  bcr   |MMMl'MIUIMh    UllJ  \wv 

Tlu'  lintiNb  KovcriiiiieiU,  coiifiiUer  Uio  Itken  from  Inke 
Ontario  to  lakf  Suiierior,  botii  iikIumivv,  to  !•«  the  natural 
military  frontier  of  the  BriliMh  poNMewtioaJi  in  North  Ame- 
rica. Am  the  weaktr  (Hiwer  on  the  North  American  con- 
tinent, tiic  leant  capsihle  of  actinii;  oUeinttvely*  and  ilie  most 
c\|K>!ie<l  to  gmlden  iiivaftioiiN,  (i.  Britain  coiiNiderN  llie  mili- 
tar\  occo|mtion  of  thi'iie  lukeM  um  ncccNNary  to  the  wecnrity 
of  her  duiuniions.  A  bonndary  line  equally  dividing^  thefte 
waters,  with  a  rit;ht  to  each  nation  to  arm,  bulh  upon  the' 
Iake8  and  upon  their  MlnircN,  im  rtilcrnidted  to  create  a  con- 
test for  naval  aHcendancy  in  peace  iis  well  vm  in  war.  The 
power  which  occupicti  tlieite  lakes  should,  an  a  necessary 
result,  have  the  military  occupation  of  both  shores. 

In  ifurtherance  of  this  ol>|«cl  the  British  government  :» 
prepared  to  propose  a  boundary.  But  as  this  might  be 
miHConstructed  as  an  intention  to  extend  their  possession* 
to  the  southward  of  the  lakes,  which  is  by  no  meana  the. 
object  they  have  in  view,  they  are  disposed  to  leave  the  ter- 
ritorial limits  undisturbed,  and  as  incident  to  them,  the 
free  commercial  navigation  of  the  lakes,  provided  that  ihe 
American  government  will  stipulate  not  to  maintain  or 
construct,  any  fortifications  upon,  or  within  a  limited  dis- 
tance ot  the  shores,  or  maiutain  or  construct  any  armed  ves- 
sel upon  the  lakes  in  question,  or  in  tlie  rivers  which  empty 
themselves  into  the  simie. 

If  thiscan  be  adjusli'd,  there  will  then  remain  for  dis- 
cussion the  arrangement  of  the  north  western  boundary 
between  lake  Superior  and  the  Mississtppi,  the  free  uavi^^a- 
tion  of  that  river,  and  smh  a  vacation  ol  the  line  of  fi-outier 
as  may  secure  a  direct  coaimunication  between  dtnebec 
and  Halifax. 

I'he  undersigned  trust,  that  the  full  statement  wliich 
they  have  made  of  iht;  views  and  «tb|ects  of  the  British 
government  in  requiring  the  paciHcatioii  of  the  Indian  na- 
tions, and  a  perniatient  limit  io  tlieir  ternlories,  will  enable, 
the  Amencun  Plenipotentiaries  to  conclude  a  provisional 
article  upon  the  b.isisai.ove  stated.  Should  th.'v  feel  il 
necessary   to  rtier  to  Uie  ^uvernmcllt  of  the  U.  Slates  for 


n! 


il 


M 


ai9 


AprrNDtx. 


1 , 


,1, 


;  [ 


if 


further  in«4tnif»inn«,t1.^  iiiiflenisrn^d  f*»H  it  inenmhent  up- 
on tlic'in  lu  acq'iuiiit  \hc  American  Pieiii|M>teiilitirien,  that 
th'-  j^rtver  ment  tanViot  lie  |>n!rluHe«i  by  nriy  tliinjif  llint  lian 
puMsrii  li'Diii  Mtrviii)f  thctriiiiH  at  |)r«'N«nt  proposefl,  in  Niich  ?i 
maiiiuf,  UM  the  »t§le  ol  tvHf,  nt  the  time  of  refumiintj^  Ihr 
en  ♦crfiires  ni«^  mi  ihetr  jndjEjrmeiit  renrlei*  nilvinnble. 

The  MiiilerMigiifd  avail  themselveM  of  Ihrfi  orcMision  to 
renew  to  thr  P't»*m|»ole.tiian«'«  of  the  I  J.  iStateM,  the  avsnr- 
ance  uf  their  high  consideration. 


IM 


1. 


Ghent,  Avgvsl  10,  \^\A. 


W.  ADA  MS. 


■■*  I 


i\ 


•ij 


The  Amnican  to  the  Hritish  Commissioners. 

GriGNT,  An^uMl  24,  1814. 

The  nnderai^ned  minimterH  pU  riipotentlary  nnd  exiiaor* 
d'mary  from  the  LTinled  Stalen  of  America,  nave  given  to 
the  oflicial  note  ivhich  tht?y  have  hail  the  honor  of  ree(»ivinrr 
from  his  Britannic  miijeAty's  PltMiipotentianes  thedcliher. 
ate  attention  which  the  im|iortHiice  of  its  coiitent»  required, 
and  have  now  that  of  trunNmitting  to  them  their  answer 
on  the  several  points  to  which  it  referr^. 

They  would  present  to  the  consideration  of  the  British 
Pieiiipoteiitiaries  that  lord  Castlereag'h,  in  his  tetter  of  the 
4th  of  Novemlicr  1813,  to  the  American  Secretary  of  State, 
pledges  the  faith  of  the  British  gt>vernment  th.it  *the}  were 
willing  to  enter  into  discussion  with  the  government  of 
America  for  the  conciliatory  adjustment  of  tlie  diiVerenres 
subsisting  between  the  two  states,  with  an  earnest  desire  on 
their  part  to  bring  them  to  a  favorable  issue,  upon  princi- 
ples of  perfect  reciprocity,  not  inconsistent  with  the  estab- 
lished maxims  of  public  law,  and  the  maritime  ri<rhts  of  the 
British  empire.'  This  fact  alone  might  suffice  to  shew, 
that  it  ought  not  to  have  been  expected  tiiat  the  American 
government,  in  acceding  to  this  proposition,  should  have 
exceeded  its  terms,  and  furnished  the  undersigned  with  in- 
structions authorising  them  to  treat  with  the  British  Pleni- 
potentiaries respecting  Indians  situated  within  the  bounda- 
ries of  the  U.  States.  Thiit  such  expectation  was  not  en- 
tertained by  the  British  government  might  also  have  been 
inferred  from  the  explicit  assurances  which  the  Biitish 


AlfUftM^U- 


ait 


'  It  llH 


lMeui|H>ieivtiai'le9  ^uve,  ou  Uie  purl  of  tlo^ic  fCov«rnmcnt»  «| 
tlu;  tirnl  coiifiTvitce  u  liicb  Uiv  umlk.rMg^m'U  luul  Uk)  liouor 
uf  hoiiiiDii;  wiUk  tiiviii,  llml  oo  ev«uiU,  »'UNift'4|UieuitollMlinti 
()ro|>oNul  tut-  lliift  uegoc  lilt  ion,  huU*  iu  ^aijr  MA^imcr,  varied 
« iltiur  Uk*  il4.s|)OiuUoii  ut'  ibc  tiritisji  ^uyvmuitiiit,  that  it 
III > gill  Icnjiiaultt  in  h  |>eucc  lioiiui'^blv,  U>  ,Uolh  |mriit>H«  or 
Uic  U.riijs  iiijoii  which  ihey  would  hi'  wilUw)|^lu  conclude  it. 

ll  iH  well  kuown  UiuL  lliu  tlidrreitcey  |whit'h  unhappily 
:>iib.ti<>l  l>el\«t:i'U  G.  Bi'itaiii  anil  Ihe  U  StatcN*  and,  wliicu 
ulliuialcly  led  lo  lh«  preM'nl  war,  weru  wholly  of  u  maritime 
nature,  arisiMi;-  principally  from  lite  UritiHli  Orders  in  Cuun- 
cil,  in  relation  »>  blockude.s  uiid  from  the  impre.sitnient  of 
uiunncr.<t  from  onboard  of  American  vetiseU. — The  bouu-- 
dary  of  ihe  Indian  territory  had  never  been  a  »iibject  of 
dilKrencti  In'lweeii  ihe  two  couiitriev.  ?(cilher  the  priiici- 
pli'ii  of  reciprocity,  the  uia\iui»  of  (uiblic  law,  nor  the  mari- 
time rifj^hUof  the  British  eiiipure,  could  reouire  ihe  perma- 
nent eslabliithuu'nt  of  »ucli  a  boundary.  The  novel  |)re- 
teiisioitii  now  advanced  couid  no  more  have  been  anticipat- 
ed by  the  govenup^Mii  of  ihe  U.  States,  in  formings  instruc- 
tions for  this  negociation,  than  they  srem  to  have  been  con- 
templated by  tliat  of  G.  Bril.Mii  in  November  last,  in  pro- 
posing it.  Lord  Castlereagirs  note  luukes  the  termination  of 
the  war  to  d^^pend  on  a  conciliatory  adjustment  of  the  dif- 
ferences then  subsisting  between  tl^te  two  stales,  and  in  no 
other  condition  whatever.    ^  ,^,  ,  ,^1  i.r„jfl.4f*>>..;y  I  i.i=  .i*i 

Nor  could  the  Auierican  government  nave  foreseen  that 
G.  Britain  in  order  to  obtain  peace  for  the  Indians,  residing 
within  the  doiuinioiis  of  the  U.  Stales,  whom  she  had  in- 
duced t(^  laki:  part  with  her  in  the  war,  would  demand  that 
tiiey  should  be  maile  parties  to  the  treaty  between  the  two 
nations,  or  that  the  boundaries  of  their  lands  >ihould  be  per- 
manently and  irrevocably  tixed  by  that  treaty^.  Such  a 
proposition  is  contrary  to  the  acknowledged  principles  of 
public  law,  and  the  practice  of  all  civilized  nations,  particu- 
larly of  G.  Britain  and  of  the  U.  States.  It  is  not  founded 
on  reciprocity.  It  is  unnecessary  for  the  atUunmeni  of  the 
ol>ject  which  it  professes  to  have  in  view.  k  ,^-^u         ; 

^o  maxim  of  public  law  has  hitherto  been  more  univer- 
sally established  amuug  the  powers  of  Europe  possessing 
territories  in  America,  and  there  is  none  to  which  G.  Bri- 
tain has  more  uniformly  and  inflexibly  adhered,  than  that 


,|'lil 


i  • 


m 


i 
i 


'nf 


920 


Ai^ncNorx. 


t*, 


n 


.u-i 


of  Mift'erin^  no  interposition  of  a  fur^-igii  power  in  therplH- 
lions  bplwecnthe  acknowlfydg^cd  soverfig^n  of  ihe  lerritorv, 
and  the  Indinivt  sitnikted  upon  it.  Without  the  admission 
of  this  pritinpl«,  (here  woiih^  he  no  intellig^ihle  nieaniiitr 
attached  to  stipiHtdiotis  cstuMishinti^  boundaries  l^etweiMi 
file  dominions  in  America,  of  civilized  nations  possessinc^ 
lerrilories  inhabited  by  Indian  tribes. — Whatever  may  l»e 
the  relations  of  Indians  to  the  nation  in  whose  tcrntorv 
they  are  thusacknowted^edto  res  de,  they  cannot  be  con- 
sidered as  an  inde|>endent  power  by  the  nation  which  has 
made  such  acknowledc:ment.       '    .  »j»j<i'»  |  ii^Mf.rM 

The  territory  of  which  G.  Britain  wishes  now  to  dispose, 
is  within  the  dominions  of  the  IJ.  Slates,  was  solemn''  ;ic- 
knowled«»ed  by  herself  in  the  treaty  of  peace  of  178:), 
which  est-.iblished  their  boundaries,  and  by  which  she  re-^ 
linquished  nil  claim  to  the  jrcvernment,  propriety,  and  ter- 
ritorial rights  within  these  boundaries.  No  condition  res- 
pecting^ the  Indians  residing  therein,  was  inserted  in  that 
treaty.  No  stipulation  similar  to  that  now  proposed  is  to 
be  fonnii  in  any  treaty  made  by  G.  Britain,  or  within  llic 
knowledge  of  the  undersigned,  by  any  olher  nation. 

The  Indian  tribes  for  which  G.  Britain  proposes  now  to 
stipulate,  have,  Ihemselves,  acknowledged  this  frincip  e. 
By  the  Greenville  treaty  of  1795,  to  which  the  British 
plenipotentiaries  have  here  alluded,  it  is  expressly  stipulat- 
ed, and  the  condition  has  been  confirmed  bv  every  suhse- 
quent  treaty,  so  late  as  the  year  1810,  'That  the  Indian 
tribes  shull  quietly  enjoy  their  lands,  hunting,  planting,  and 
dwelling  thereon,  so  l'>ng  as  they  please,  without  any  mo- 
lestation from  the  U.  States:  but  that  when  those  tribes, 
or  any  of  them,  shall  be  disposed  to  sell  (heir  lands,  tliey 
shall  be  sold  only  to  the  V,  States  :  that  until  such  s-.ile, 
the  U.  States  will  protect  all  the  said  Indian  tribes  in  the 
quiet  enjoyment  of  their  lands  against  all  citizens  of  tlte 
U.  States,  and  against  all  other  white  persons  who  intrude 
on  the  same,  and  that  the  said  Indian  tribes  again  acknuwl- 
edge  themselves  to  be  under  the  protection  of  the  said 
U.  Slates,  and  of  no  other  power  whatever.' 

That  there  is  no  reciprocity  in  the  pro|)Osed  slipulaliou 
is  evident.  In  prohibiting  G.  Britain  and  the  Ll.  SLites 
from  purchasing  lands  within  a  part  of  the  dominiotis  ot 
the  latter  power,  while  it  professes  to  lake  from  G.  Biituin 


APPENDIX. 


921 


A  privilege  uhirh  she  had  not,  it  actually  deprives  the 
U.  Sillies  of  a  ri«;ht  exclusively  belouginir  to  lliein. 

TheprupoNJiioii  is  utterly  unitecesiiary  for  the  pur|>o.seof 
obl-.iiitiiig  a  paciticaliuii  for  the  Indians  residinjE^  within  the 
li  iTilorieM  ot"  the  IT.  Slates.  The  undersipied  have  already 
had  the  honor  of  infurinin^  the  British  Plenopolenliaries, 
that,  under  the  system  of  liberal  policy  adopted  by  the 
U.  Slates  in  their  relations  with  the  Indian*  within  their 
ttrritores,  an  uniiiterrnpled  peace  had  subsisted  from  the 
sear  1795,  not  on'y  helx^een  the  U.  States  and  all  those 
li  il>cs,  tiiil  also  amongst  ihose  tribes  themselves  for  a  lon- 
o^i}'  period  of  time  than  ever  had  been  known  since  the  Arst 
scllit  nieitt  of  Norih  America.  Against  those  Indians  the 
IT.  Slates  hue  luillier  inlirest  nor  inclination  to  continue 
the  war.  They  have  nothing  to  ask  of  them  but  peace. 
Commissioners  oil  their  part  have  been  ap,  ointed  to  coii- 
clude  tl,  and  an  armistice  was  actu.dly  made  last  autuma 
with  most  of  those  tribes.  I'he  British  government  may 
asfaiii  have  induced  some  of  them  to  take  their  side  in  the 
war,  but  peace  wi  h  them  will  necessarily  follow  immedi- 
ately a  peace  with  (i.  Britain.  To  a  provisional  article 
similar  to  what  has  been  stipulatetl  in  some  former  treaties, 
eniraging  that  each  party  will  treat  for  the  Indians  within 
its  territories,  include  them  in  the  peace,  and  use  its  best 
endeavors  to  prevent  them  from  committinghostilitieH  against 
the  citizens  or  subjects  of  the  other  parly,  the  undersigned 
might  assent,  and  rely  on  the  approbation  and  ratification 
of  their  government.  They  would  also  fortite  purpose  of 
securing  the  duration  of  peace,  and  to  prevent  collisions 
which  might  interrupt  it,  propose  a  stipulation  which 
should  preclude  the  subjects  or  citizens  of  each  nation,  res- 
peclively,from  trailing  with  the  Indians  residing  within  the 
territory  of  the  other.  But  to  surrender  both  the  rights  of 
sovereignly  and  of  soil  over  nearly  one  third  of  the  territorial 
dominions  of  the  U.  Slates  to  a  num!)er  of  Indians  not 
probably  exceeding  twenty  thou.sand,  the  undersigned  are 
so  far  from  being  instructed  or  authorized,  that  any  ar- 
ranivemeiit  for  that  purpose  would  be  instantaneously  reject- 
ed by  their  governmeint. 

Not  only  has  this  extraordinary  demand  been  made  a 
-liie  qua  non,  to  be  admitted  without  a  discussion,  and  as 
^   preliminary   basis;    but   it   is  accompanied  by   uthent 

41 


I'll 


iniii 


i     n 


S22 


APPKNUIX. 


i  ■ ' 


L 


'I 


m 


Mi 


'yilf 


cqnallv  iiin(liiin»ible,  which  the  British  Plenipolenliano 
state  to  lie  so  connected  with  it,  that  they  may  reasoiiahlv 
influence  the  decision  of  theutiders'g'ned  upon  it,  yet  leav- 
ing; Uuni  uninformed  how  far  these  other  demands  may 
also  be  insisted  on  as  indispcUMable  conditions  of  a  |)eace.' 

As  little  are  the  undersisfiied  instructed  or  empowered  to 
accede  to  ihe  propositions  of  the  British  government,  in  re- 
lation to  the  military  occupatitMi  oM he  western  lakes.  If 
they  hav(*  found  the  proposed  interference  of  G.  Britain  in 
the  concerns  of  Indians  residing;  within  the  U.  Stales  ut- 
terly iiicompaiible  with  any  established  maxim  of  public 
law,  they  are  no  less  at  a  loss  to  discover  by  what  rule  of 
perfect  reciprocity  the  U  States  can  be  reijuired  to  renounce 
their  equal  rij^ht  of  maintaining-  a  naval  force  upon  those 
hikes,  and  of  fortify  inti;-  their  own  shores,  while  (j.  Britain 
lieserves  exclusively  the  corresponding  riji^lits  to  herself. 
That  in  point  of  military  preparation,  G.  Brilani  in  he  »•  pos- 
sessions in  North  America,  ever  has  been  in  a  condition  to 
be  termed,  with  propriety,  the  weaker  power  in  compari- 
son with  the  U.  Slates,  ihe  undersigned  believe  to  be  incor- 
rect in  point  of  fact.  Innji^'ard  to  Ihe  forl.rtcation  of  the 
i)ihores,  and  to  the  forces  aoliially  kt^pt  on  foot  upon  thos< 
frontiers,  they  Iwlieve  the  superiority  to  have  always  beeiv 
on  the  side  of  G.  Britain.  If  the  proposal  to  dismantle  the 
forts  upon  tier  shores,  strike  for  ever  her  military  A'Ajj;  upon 
her  lakes,  and  lay  her  whole  frontier  defenceless  in  the  pre- 
sence of  ln;r  armed  and  fortified  neighbor,  had  proceeded 
not  from  G.  Britain  to  the  U.  States,  but  from  the  U.  Stales 
to  G.  Britain,  Ihe  undersigned  may  safely  appeal  to  lli«: 
bosoms  of  his  Britannic  majesty's  Plenipotentiaries  for  the 
feelings  with  winch,  not  only  in  rey^ard  to  the  inleresls,  but 
the  honor  of  their  naiion,  they  would  have  received  such  a 
proposal.  What  would  G.  Britain  herself  say,  .if  in  rela- 
tion to  another  frontier,  where  she  has  the  acknowledged 
superiority  of  strength,  it  were  proposed  that  she  should  be 
reduced  to  a  condition  even  u*  equality  wilh  IheU.  Stales. 

The  untlers<gned  further  perceive  that  under  the  aliedi^- 
ed  purpose  oi"  opening  a  direct  coinmuuicalion  between 
two  of  the  British  provinces  in  Awierica,  the  British  gov- 
ernment require  a  cession  of  territory  forming  a  part  of  one 
of  the  stales  of  the  American  union,  and  that  they  pmpose. 
without  purpose  specitically  aliedgcd,  to  draw  the  boundarv 


JkPPKNDIX. 


am 


line  westward,  not  from  the  l.>ke  of  llto  \Voo<1s,  as  it  now 
ifi,  but  Ironi  lake  Su|UTior.  It  niiisl  In*  j»erltHtly  »nnnalenal 
to  llie  I'.  Stairs,  **l!ctln  r  the  oi  jrot  of  the  British  iio\»'rn- 
nietit,  ill  (leniandiiijL!;  the  disiiuinht  riiu-iit  ol  the  V .  Stiiten 
is  to  acquire  terntorv,  as  such,  or  lor  |mrj)osi's  l»'-»s  hahle, 
ill  the  eves  ol  the  world,  to  he  ascnhod  to  the«tesire  of  a*;^- 
«xra.i<lizeiuei»t.  Whatever  tlie  motive  iiiav  he,  and  with 
whatever  consisteiicv  views  of  conqiiost  may  be  disclaimed, 
while  demaiidiiiiT  for  hei'self,  or  for  Ihc  Indians,  a  cession 
of  lirntory  more  extensive  thaii  the  whole  island  of  Great- 
Britain,  the  duly  marked  out  for  the  iu»dersij»ned  is  the 
s;ime.  They  have  no  authority  to  cede  any  part  of  the  ter- 
ritory of  the  U.  Stales,  and  to  no  slipuialion  to  that  eflect 
Mill  they  subscribe. 

Tlie  conditions  proposed  by  G.  Britain  have  no  relation 
to  the  subsisting:  diil'erences  between  the  two  countries  : 
they  are  inconsistent  withacknowledg-^d  pTinciples  of  pnl>- 
lic  law ;  they  are  foundwl  neither  on  reciprocity  nor  on  any 
of  the  usual  bases  of  ne<rociation,  neither  on  that  oi'ultipos- 
sidetis,  or  of  status  antebellum :  they  would  inflict  the  most 
vital  injury  on  the  U.  States,  by  dismendierii:"'  their 
territory,  by  arresting^  their  natural  growth  and  in- 
crease of  population,  and  by  leaving*  their  northern  and 
western  frontier  equally  exposed  to  British  invasion  and  to 
Indian  agfgression  ;  they  are,  above  all,  dishonorable  to  the 
U.  Slates,  in  demanding  from  them  to  abandon  territory 
and  a  portion  4>f  their  citizens,  \o  admit  a  foreign  interfer- 
ence in  then-  domestic  concerns,  and  to  cease  to  exercise 
their  natural  rights  on  their  own  shores  and  in  their  own 
waters.  A  treaty  concluded  on  such  terms  would  be  but 
an  armistice.  It  caimot  l>e  supposed  that  America  would 
long  submit  to  conditions  so  injurious  and  degrading,  ft 
is  impossible,  in  the  natural  course  of  events,  that  she  should 
not,  at  the  Hist  favorable  opportuiuty,  recur  to  arms,  for  t^ie 
recovei*y  of  Jier  territory,  of  her  rights,  of  Jier  honor.  In- 
stead of  settling  existing  difl'erences,  such  a  peace  would 
only  create  new  causes  of  war,  sow  the  seeds  of  a  perma- 
nent hatred,  and  lay  the  foundation  of  hostilities  for  an  in- 
(leridite  period. 

Essentially  pacific  fn>m  her  political  institutions,  from 
the  habits  of  her  citizens,  from  her  physical  situation,  Ame- 
rica  reluctantly    engaged   in   the  war.       ;:^he   wi^•hes  for 


1!' 


H 


''  Vf; 

.-■-h 

* 

'-' 


a2i 


APPENDIX. 


!!i 


■i. 


pt'noe  ;  but  hlu*  wishes  f«M'  il  n|M>ii  llmsc  lenus  of  recipru 
cily, huiioraltU;  to  both rountnrs,  wliuh  can  alone  iviukr  it 
pei'iiiaiK'iil.  TlHMMUsc'Ncit'liie  war  lietwceii  tl)(^  V.  J5l.»Us 
a.Ml  G.  BrilaiM  hivni^  disapiuiirt'd  by  liie  maritiino  |)ac;tl- 
calioii  ol  Europe,  the  g*»vt  niineiil  ol  the  V.  Slates  <loejj 
notdeKue  to  coiitiaue  il,  in  dei'ence  of  abslract  pnncipUs, 
vhcli  bavt  tor  (he  present,  coast'd  lo  have  any  practical 
ettecl.  Tlie  uiidersiuned  have  been  aecordin^ly  uiMtrnct- 
e  lo  agree  lo  its  termination,  bolli  parlies  restoring  \vh;'t- 
cver  territory  they  may  have  taken,  and  Ijolb  reserving  alt 
tlieir  righu,  ni  rehtlion  to  their  resj'eclive  seamen.  To 
make  the  peace  between  the  two  nahons  solid  and  pernia. 
ne  t,  the  undersignei:  were  also  instructed,  and  iiave  been 
prepared  to  enter  into  the  nto.sl  air.icable  discussion  ot  all 
those  points  on  which  diB'erences  or  nnierluinty  had  exist. 
ed,  and  which  might  hereafter  tend  in  any  degree  whatev- 
er to  iuterrupl  the  harmony  of  the  two  countries,  without, 
however,  making  the  conclusion  of  ihe  peace  at  all  depend 
upon  a  successful  result  of  the  discussion. 

Il  is,  therefore,  with  deep  regret,  that  the  undersign  ed 
have  seei4^thut  other  views   are  entertained   by  the  British 
government,  and  that  new  and  unexpected  pretensions  are 
raised,  which,  if  persisted  ui,  must  oppose  an   insuperable 
0*     acle  to  a  pacification.     It  is  not  necessary  to  refer  such 
demands  to  the  American  government  for  its  instru-'tion. 
They  will  only  be  a  fit  subject  of  deliberation,  when  it  be- 
comes necessary  to  decide  upon  the  expediency  o^'  an  abso- 
lute surrender  of  national  independence. 
,  The  undersigned   request  the    British  Plenipotentiaries 
to  accept  the  assnranc»€  of  their  high    .iteem. 
,      .       JOHN  a   ADAMS,  ,  JON  A.  RUSSELL, 
J.  A.  BAYARD,         A.  GALLATIN. 
,   H.  CLAY, 


.*  - 


The  British  to  the  American  Commissioners. 

GHhNT,  Hepl.  4,  1814. 
The  undersigned  have   the  ho. tor  to   acknowledge  the 
receipt  of  the  note  of  the  Americaii  Plenipotentiaries,  dated 
ihe  24th  ultimo. 

It  IS  with  unfeigned  regret  that  the  undersigned  observe, 
both  in  the  tone  and  sulistancQ  of  the  whole  note,  so  little 
pro«if  of  any  disposition  on  liiC  part  of  the  government  of 
the  IJ.  istates  to  euler  into  aa  amicable  discussion  of  the 


APPENDIX. 


a-i^ 


*      1 


jnipolentiaries 


!»everal  |>oiiit!4  sulun  lied  by  liie  uiulerHi^iii>d  in  llu  ir  foruier 
CDiMiiiiiii  calioii.  Tlie  iiiicUrtii^iit'd  are  |Hrtecll)  iiware, 
tli.il  r.t  briii;^iiiir  t'ui'v\aril  liiuM^puiiiU  tor  cuiisuleralion  and 
studii^  tviUi  su  much  truukiifsk,  UK  tlK-\  did,  ilie  vieN^ttwilh 
\«liiCii  Ihty  wt-re  prupoNtd,  ihes  de|>arli>d  truiii  the  utiual 
coiir:ie  ui  itegwciuliiig,  by  dischikiui*  all  the  oltjeiUof  their 
«ruverauieiil,  v\hile  those  which  titt:  Auiericuii  ||roveriiuienl 
h.iu  111  vievi'  were  withheld:  but  in  su  doing  they  u-ere 
])nitct|)a'ily  acluuted  by  a  des  re  ot  briojrnig  the  negocia* 
ttoii  as  sou  I  as  poitsib  e  to  a  lavorai>le  tfiuiiiiatioiit  and  ia 
some  iiieaHiii'c  by  ttieir  willii>gness  lu  couiply  ^^ith  the  \»i8h- 
QH  expressed  by  iht  AMierican  PteiiipoteiitiarieM  theiiiMelves. 
It  I!*  perlectly  true  that  the  war  belueeu  his  majesty  and 
the  U.  States,  was  dectaied  by  the  lalter  power  upon  the 
pretence  ol  uiaritiuie  nghlH  aiiedged  to  be  asserted  by  G. 
Britain, and  disputed  by  the  IT.  States. 

It  the  war  thus  ueclared  by  the  U.  Stales  had  been  car- 
ried o  .  by  tlieni  tor  objecls  purely  ut'  a  niaritinie  nature,  or 
if  the  attack  wh.cli  has  been  made  on  Canada  liad  been  tor 
the  purjKise  oi  diversion,  or  Die  way  of  defence  agiiiiibt  the 
British  forces  in  that  quarter,  any  question  as  to  Uie  boun- 
daries ot  Canada,  might  have  been  considered  as  unneces- 
sary ;  but  it  IS  notorious  to  the  whole  world  that  the  con- 
quest of  Canada,  and  its  permanent  annexation  to  the  Ur 
Slates,  was  the  declared  object  of  the  American  govern- 
ment, if  in  consequence  of  a  difit  reat  course  of  events  ou 
the  coiitinent  cf  Europe,  his  majesty's  government  had 
been  unable  to  reinforce  the  British  armies  in  Canada,  and 
the  U.  Slates  had  obtained  a  decided  superiority  in  that 
quarter,  is  there  any  person  wiio  doubls  that  they  would 
have  availed  themselves  of  then*  situation  to  obtain  on  the 
side  ui  Canada  important  cessions  of  territory,  if  not  the  enf  ^ 
tire  i.baiidonnient  of  that  country  by  G.  Britain?  Isthe> 
American  governm*:'nt  to  bt:  allowed  to  p^irsue,  so  far  as 
its  mea.fS  will  enable  it,  a  system  of  acquisition  and  agfgraik- 
dizement  to  the  extent  uf  annexing  entire  provinces  to  tb  Mr 
doiiiinioMS,  and  is  liis  majesty  to  be  precluded  from  avail- 
ing himself  of  his  means,  so  far  as  they  will  enable  him,  to 
relaiu. those  points  which  the  valor  of  British  arms  may 
have  placed  in  his  power,  because  they  happen  to  be  situat- 
ed w  ithin  the  territories  allotted  under  former  treaties  to 
jlhe  jy^oveniiuetit  of  the  U.  States? 


li 


I  i  ■ 


«. 


1^' 

-it 


rtr;'-?  ^i 


^»i 


APPENDIX. 


Stirli  a  princi^ile  of  iiesroclalion  was  neviM*  avowixl  nntc- 
cedf'iit  to  that  ottlierevohitionurv  ai-ovenimeiil  o»  Fuiiiri'. 

ii'Jhe  policy  of  the  IT.  Stjiles  h-.ui  heeii  eMseiitiallv  psi- 
cific,  UH  the  American  I'JeiiipolenliiineM  asstrt  it  ou^ht  to 
be,  fmiii  their  political  iii^titutiois,  irom  iiu'  hahits  of  their 
citizens,  and  from  their  physical  situation,  it  ini«;ht  not  have 
been  necessary  to  propo!<u^  the  precantioiiary  jiruvisions  imvv 
under  (iiNciissioii.  That,  of  late  years  at  least,  the  Ameri- 
can i^overnmcnl  have  been  intinenced  hy  a  very  diffnt'iit 
policy:  by  aspiril  of  aj^i^randizenieiit  not  necessarv  to  their 
own  security,  but  increasin-jf  with  the  exleist  of  their  em- 
pire, has  been  too  clearly  nianifrsled  l)y  their  progressive 
occupation  of  the  Indian  territories  ;  by  the  acquisition  of 
Louisiana  :  by  the  more  recentattempt  to  wrest  by  force  of 
arms  from  a  nation  in  amity,  the  two  Fluridas  :  and,  lastly, 
by  the  avowed  intention  of  permanently  annex'ng  tlie  Can- 
adas  to  the  U.  States. 

If,  then,  the  security  of  the  British  North  American  do- 
minions requires  any  sacrifices  on  Ihe  patt  of  the  (J.  States, 
they  must  be  ascribed  to  the  declared  policy  of  that  govern- 
ment  in  making  the  war  not  one  of  self  defence,  nor  tor  the 
redress  of  grievences,  real  or  pretended,  but  a  part  of  a  sys- 
tem of  conquest  and  aggrandizement. 

The  British  government  in  its  present  situation,  is  bound 
in  duty  to  endeavor  to  secure  its  North  American  domin- 
ions ag  tinst  those  attempts  at  conquest,  which  the  Ameri- 
can government  have  avowed  to  be  a  principle  of  their 
policy,  and  which  as  such  will  undoubtedly  be  renewed, 
whenever  any  suc<  ceding  war  between  the  two  countries 
shall  afford  a  prospect  of  renewing  them  with  success. 

The  British  P/enipotentiaries  proposed  that  the  military 
possesion  of  the  lakes,  from  lak«i  Ontario  to  lake  Superior, 
should  be  securt  d  to  G.  Britain,  Kecaiise  the  command  of 
those  lakes  would  afford  to  the  American  government  the 
meaiisof  commencing  a  war  in  the  heart  of  Canada,  and 
because  the  comtnaiidof  them,  on  the  part  of  G.  Britain, 
has  tteen  shown  by  experience  to  be  attended  with  no  inse- 
curity to  the  U.  Stales.  «  i;     m;  pj  ,. ..,-., 

When  tlio  rehitive  strength  of  the  two  powers  in  North 
America  is  considered,  it  should  be  recollette<l  that  the 
British  dominions  in  th.it  quarter  do  not  contain  a  popiila- 
lio'.i  of  five  hun<lred  liiousaud  souls,  whereas  the  territory  of 


APPENDIX. 


827 


ihe  V.  Slrttes  conLiins  a  popnialion  of  more  ihan  seven  mil* 
lions  ;  ^•liat  ihc  iiavul  rt'sourccs  of  iho  IT.  Slalts  are  at  hand 
for  nllack,  and  lliat  the  naval  reHonrct'Si  of  G.  Britain  arc  on 
the  other  side  i>t  the  Atlantic. 

The  niiliturv  |H)ssesMoo  of  those  lakes  is  not,  therefore* 
ijeees)iiary  for  the  proleclion  of  the  V.  Stales. 

The  proposal  fiii*  allowini;'  ll>e  territories  on  the  sonlhern 
biHiks  of  the  lakesalK)\e  meniioned  to  remain  in  the  pos- 
M'ssion  of  the  «rovernment  of  the  U.  Slates,  provided  no 
forlitieulions  t>honld  he  erected  on  the  shores,  and  no  arma« 
nient  permitted  on  the  waters,  has  been  matle,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  manifestinir,  that  security  and  not  accpiisition  of  the 
terntory  islheol)je<^l  ofthi  British  government,  aitd  that  they 
have  no  desire  to  llirow  ohstacles  In  the  way  of  any  com- 
nit'ree  which  the  people  of  the  ('.  Slates  may  L>c  desirous 
of  carryiii<;  on  upon  Ihe  lakes  in  time  of  peace.    . 

The  undersii>'ned,  with  the  anxious  wish  to  rectify  all 
misuuderstaiidini*',  have  thus  more  fully  explamed  the 
gi*4)unrls  upon  which  they  broui^ht  forward  the  propositions 
contained  in  their  former  note  respt^ctm;^  the  boundaries  of 
the  British  dominions  in  North  America. 

They  do  p.ot  wish  to  insist  upon  tliem  beyond  what  the 
circumstaiHtes may  fairly  recpiire.  Tluy  are  ready,  amica-> 
bly  to  discuss  the  details  of  them  with  a  view  to  the  adop- 
tion of  any  modifications  which  the  American  Plenipoten- 
liaiies,  or  theirgoverunnnt,  may  have  to  suggest,  if  they  are 
not  incompatible  with  the  object  itself. 

With  respect  to  the  boundary  of  the  district  of  Maine, 
and  that  of  the  north  westf^rn  frontier  of  theU.  Slates,  the 
Miidersigned  were  not  prepared,  to  anticipate  the  objections 
coiilained  in  Ihe  note  of  [\ie  American  Plenipotentiaries, 
'  that  they  were  instructed  to  treat  for  the  revison  of  their 
boundary  lines,*  with  the  statement  which  they  have  subse- 
quently made,  that  they  had  no  authority  to  cede  any  part, 
however  insigiiKicant,  of  the  territories  of  the  U.  States,  al- 
though the  proposal  left  it  open  to  them  to  demand  an 
equivalent  fur  such  cession  either  in  frontier  or  otherwise. 

The  American  Pienipotentiaries  nmst  be  aware  that  the 
boundary  of  the  District  of  Muine  has  never  been  correctly 
ascertained  ;  that  the  one  asserted  at  pres'.Mit  by  the  Ameri- 
can govermuent,  by  which  the  direct  communication  be- 
tween Halifax  and  Quebec   becomes  inlerrupttd,   was  ndl 


I' 


i    I: 


I'  :i 


■'  i;. 


%^H 


APPENDIX. 


-; 


f 


Ml  conlom|»ljUion  of  ihe  RriliNh  Plenipolenliaries  wlio  ron. 
chilled  llie  treHty  ol  ITH*'),  siimI  llisit  llie  t;r(iiler  part  ot'  ilir 
territory  in  qiu^ittioii  in  uotiially  iiiiorcui  u-il. 

The  iiiKh^rHi^iied  are  |ier<>iia(itMi  thut  an  arran^eineitl  on 
this  point  tiiigfiil  he  easily  made,  if  eiit<  red  into  with  llie 
8pirit  of  euiu:iliHtion,  Without  any  prejudice  to  Uie  inlerestin 
of  the  district  in  qiiL'slion. 

As  the  necessity  of  fixini^  .some  houndnry  for  the  north 
western  frontier  lias  heeii  niutiially  arknowtedii^fd,  a  projto. 
Bal  for  adiMCUssinii  on  that  suhjtcl  cannot  he  eoDsidered  as 
a  demand  for  a  cession  of  lerntor\,  unless  Ihe  IT.  Stales 
are  prepared  to  assert  that  there  is  no  limit  to  their  teirito- 
ries  in  that  direction,  and  tliat  availin<jf  themselves  oi  the 
geoj^raphical  err.ir  upon  which  th  it  part  of  the  tivat\  ui 
1783  was  founded,  they  will  acknowled«»e  i.o  houiwl  iry 
whaleviT,  ihen  nnquestioinihly  any  proposilum  to  fix  one.  I)f 
it  what  it  may,  n-iust  he  considered  as  demanding-  a  hn^e 
cession  of  territory  from  the  U.  States. 

Is  the  American  g-overnment  pre|»ai;ed  to  assert  such  an 
unlimited  rit*;ht,  so  contrary  to  the  evident  intentio  >  of  the 
treaty  itself?  Or,  is  his  majesty's  government  to  understand 
that  the  American  Pleniptttentiariesnre  willing  to  acknow- 
ledge the  boundary  from  the  lake  of  the  Woods  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi (the  arrangement  made  by  a  cimveuiion  in  1803, 
but  not  ratified)  as  that  by  which  their  go\  eminent  is  ready 
to  abide  ? 

The  British  Plenipotentiaries  are  instructed  to  accept 
favorably  such  a  proposition,  or  to  discuss  any  other  line  uf 
boundary  which  may  be  submitted  i'or  consideration. 

It  is  with  equal  astonishment  and  regret  the  undersign- 
ed find  that  the  American  Plenipotentiaries  have  not  only 
declined  signing  any  provisional  article,  by  which  the  In- 
dian nations  who  have  taken  part  w.th  G.  Britaii«  !:i  the 
present  contest  may  be  included  in  the  peace,  and  n)ay 
have  a  boundary  assigned  to  them,  but  have  also  thought 
p'.'oper  to  express  surprise  at  any  proposition  on  the  sub- 
ject having  been  advanced. 

'  The  American  Plenipotentiaries  stftte,  that  their  gov- 
ernment could  not  have  expected  such  a  discussirin,  and 
api>ear  resolved,  at  once,  to  reject  any  proposition  on  this 
head ;  representing  it  as  a  demand  contrary  to  the  acknowl- 
edged principles  of  public  law,  tantamount  to  a  cession  o^ 


APPKNDIX. 


829 


»s  wlio   ron» 
:  |);ul  (»l*  Ihf 

tto    Willi   !lie 
lite   iiilei't'slH 

IP  ihe  north 
feci,  a  |>ro|>o- 
iMtsulered  as 
a  U.  Stales 
ihiMi*  teiTilo- 
selves  o<  ihe 
lUv  trtat\  of 
.()  hum ul  try 
to  tix  out'.  Iw 
ding'  u   large 

jsert  sncli  an 
■iitio  .  of  llie 
,u  iinderstniid 
ir  to  ark  now- 
s  lo  the  iM  is- 
ioii  in  l8U'i, 
nent  is  ready 

d   lo   accept 

other  I  me  of 

jratioii. 

eundersign- 

ive   not  only 

hich  llie  In- 

ilaii?    !:i   the 

?e,   and  n)ay 

also  thought 

on  the  snb- 

,  ll^eir  gov- 
iiss'on,  and 
ition  on  this 
he  acknowl- 
a  cession  o^ 


one  ihird  of  the  trrrilorial  dominions  of  the  I'.  States  and 
riqniredto  be  adinilted  without  discuNHion. 

The  propoHilion  whirh  in  IIuh  represented  i»,  that  tlie 
Indian  nation.s,  which  have  been  durinsT  ih*'  v%ar  in  nlliaiice 
with  (i.  Bnlttiii,  shot*'  *  at  its  termiiiHtion  be  included  in  the 
pacitie  ttioii  ;  and  Wtth  a  view  to  iheir  pffrnianent  tranquil- 
it\  and  security,  that  the  British  (government  is  willmt^  to 
take  as  a  basis  of  an  atlicle  on  the  subject  of  a  boundary 
fur  those  nations,  the  stipiilations  which  the  American  ^fov- 
cnnnent  contracted  in  17U'>,  subject,  however,  to  moddica- 
tioiis. 

After  the  declaration,  publicly  made  to  those  Indian 
nal  ions  by  Ihe  (iovernor  Gen.  of  Canada,  that  Ci.  Britain 
would  not  desert  them,  could  the  Anietican  government 
really  persua<le  itself  that  no  proposition  relating  to  those 
nations  would  be  advanced,  and  did  lord  Gistlereagh*s 
note  of  the  4th  Nov.  1810,  imply  so  great  a  sacrifice  of 
honor,  or  exclude  from  iliscnssion  every  subject,  except 
what  nnmediately  related  to  the  maritime  questions  refer- 
red to  in  it  ? 

When  the  undersigned  assured  liie  American  Plenipo- 
tentiaries of  the  anxious  wish  of  the  British  government 
that  the  negociation  might  terminate  in  a  peace  honorable 
to  both  parties,  it  could  not  have  been  miagined  that  the 
American  Pleni;)otentiaries  would  thence  conclude,  that 
his  majesty's  gnvenimei.t  was  prepared  to  abandon  the  In- 
dian nations  to  their  tate,  nor  could  it  have  been  foreseen 
that  the  American  government  would  have  considered  it  as 
derogatory  to  ds  honor  to  adnut  a  proposition  by  which  the 
tranquility  of  these  nations  might  be  secured. 

The  treaty  of  (ireenvdie  established  the  boundaries  be- 
tween the  U.  States  and  the  Indian  nations.  The  Ameri- 
can Plenipotentiaries  must  be  aware,  tha'  the  war  which 
h.is  since  brc»ken  out,  has  abrogated  that  iteaty.  Is  it  con- 
trary to  the  established  principles  of  public  law  for  the  Bri- 
tish government  to  propose,  on  behalf  of  its  allies,  that  this 
treaty,  shall  on  the  pacification,  be  considered  subject  to 
such  modifications  as  the  case  may  render  necessary  ?  Or 
is  it  unreasonable  to  propose,  that  this  stipulation  should 
be  amended,  and  that  on  that  foundation  some  arrange- 
ment should  be  made  which  would  provide  for  the  exist- 
eiueof  a  neutral  power  between  G.  Britain  and  the  United 

1'i 


%i 


S30 


APPENDIX. 


■! 


'». 


.«, 


'  1; 
.-I 


,    I 


;!  ii 


3 


fi 


Slalen,  cnlriilaled  toMeciire  to  both  a  long^er  contintnmce  of 
thf  blrssinifs  ot'  peace  ? 

So  far  \va.H  that  sjXfciHr  proposition  rcR])Cclin^  the  Indian 
bonndsirti'N  from  t'jing  insiNted  U|>on  in  the  note,  or  in  the 
conference  which  preceded  it,  tis  one  to  be  admitted  with- 
ont  discnHNion,  that  it  would  have  t)eeii  ditiicuh  to  useternH 
ofp^rcatir  intilude,  or  which  appeared  nioie  adapted,  nut 
only  not  to  prechide  bnt  to  invite  d  sciissiun. 

If  the  basiM  propo.se<l  couhl  convry  away  one  third  of  the 
territory  of  tl»e  IJ.  StatcK,  the  AnK^rican  government  itself 
nuiMt  have  co>)veyed  it  away  by  the  Gftenvdle  treaty  of 
1795. 

It  is  impossible  to  rend  that  treaty  without  remarking 
how  incooHislent  the  present  pretensions  of  the  Amenciin 
government  are,  with  it  a  preamble  and  provisions.  Tiie 
boundary  line  between  the  lands  of  the  U.  States  and  titose 
of  the  Indian  nations,  is  therein  expressly  defined.  The 
g-eneral  character  of  t';e  realy,  is  that  of  a  treaty  with  inde- 
pendent nations ;  ami  the  very  stiptdation  which  the  Amer- 
ican  Plenipotenliaries  refer  to,  that  the  Indian  natiois 
should  sell  their  hinds  only  to  tiie  (J.  States,  teiids  to  prove 
that,  but  for  that  stipulation,  the  Indians  had  a  general  right, 
lo  dispose  of  them.  .; 

The  American   government  has  now  for  the  first  time 
li'i  etiect,  declared  that  all  Indian  nations  within  its  line  uf 
demarkation  are  its  subjects,  living  there   upon  suHerance, 
on  lands  which  it  also  claims  the  exclusive  right  of  aeqnir- 
ing,  thereby  menacing  the  iinal  extinction  of  those  natioii$(. 

Against  such  a  system  the  undersigned  must  iormallv 
protest.  The  undersigned  repeat,  that  the  terms  on  whici> 
the  proposition  has  been  made  for  assigning  to  the  Indian 
nations  some  boundary,  manifest  no  unwillingness  to  dis- 
cuss any  other  proposition  directed  to  the  same  object,  el- 
even a  modification  of  that  which  is  offered.  G.  Britain  is 
ready  to  enter  into  the  same  engagements  with  respect  to 
the  Indians  living  within  her  titie  of  demarkation,  as  thai 
which  is  proposed  to  the  {].  States.  It  can  therefore,  only 
be  from  n  complete  misapprehension  of  the  proposition, 
that  it  can  be  represented  as  being  not  reciprocal.  Neith- 
er can  it  with  any  truth,  be  represented  as  contrary  to  the 
acknowedged  principles  of  public  law,  as  derogatory  to 
th«  honor,  or  iucousistent  with  the  rights  of  the  American 


APPFNDIX. 


«ai 


ontinoance  of 


governnirtit,   nor  tk%  a  ucMiiaiitl  rtM|iiirtMl  lo  be  aiJmiUed 

wiIIkmiI  (IisCUHHIOII. 

After  this  tiiilcxpoHilionot'tlie  •KMitimeiiU  of  Iiim  iiiiijeNty'ii 
^oveniiiieiit  uii  the  poiiiU  »h«>vc  HiMleil,  il  will  in'  tor  Uie 
American  Ph'iii|»<iteiiliiirieN  lu  (U-U-riiiiiie  w  hrUier  ihey  are 
rea<ly  now  to  ioiitiiiiii*  the  iicufoeiulioii ;  whether  they  aro 
dis|Mise(i  to  ret'erto  (heir  ;4»veriiiiieol  tor  further  iii.slniC' 
tioiis  ;  or,  lastly,  whether  ihey  w>\\  take  upon  lhem»el\eH 
the  •eH)iou>itl>ihty  ot'hre>ikiii:;oiVlhe  ne^ociation  altogether. 
The  underNi^iied  requeNl  the  American  t'lenipolentia- 
ries  to  accept  tlie  asMuraiiceH  of  their  hiufh  roiiMideratioM. 

(iAMHIKK, 
ll.GOULBlJKN. 
W.  ADAMS. 


The  Ainei'imn  to  the  Br i fish  Cmnm'mouers, 

(ill KNT,  Sept.  9ih,  1814. 

The  uiiderNiirned  have  \vm\  the  honor  to  receive  the  note 
of  hiM  Britannic  uiiijeM(y*H  riei)ipol4.MiliarieMf  dated  the  4th 
instant,  if  in  the  tone,  or  Huhs'ance  of  the  former  note  of 
the  uiiderHiy^ned,  tiie  BrittNh  coniiniNsionerM  have  perceived 
hi'ie  proof  of  any  diNpoHition  on  the  part  of  the  American 
(Government,  for  a  diHcUMsion  of  home  of  the  propoHitioiiH 
advanced  in  the  tirttt  note,  which  the  underNi^^ned  had  the 
ho  lOr  of  receiving'  from  them,  they  will  nscnbe  it  to  the 
nature  of  the  propoMitiouN  theniHelveH,  to  their  apparent  io- 
conipatihility  with  ilie  aMsuranceN  in  lord  CaHtleivatrirM  let* 
ter  to  the  American  secretary  of  state,  propoHintr  the  ne- 
p^ociation,  and  with  the  Noleuin  aHsuraiices  oi  the  Urilish 
P.enipotentiarieH  themselveM,  to  tike  iinderniffned,  at  their 
tirst  conference    with  them. 

The  nndei'iii(^ned,  in  reference  to  an  observation  of  the 
Briti»in  PlenipotentiarieM,  must  be  allowed  to  say,  that  the 
ol)jects  which  the  j^overnment  of  tlie  U.  States  had  in  view, 
have  not  been  withheld. 

The  subjects  considered  us  suitable  for  discussion  were 
fairly  brou|rht  forward,  in  the  conference  of  the  9lli  ult. 
and  the  terms  on  which  the  U.  Slates  were  willing  to  con- 
clude the  peace,  were  fraikly  and  expressly  dect.tred  in 
the  note  of  the  uiidersi{y;;ned,  dated  the  24th  ultimo.  It  had 
been  contidently  hoped  that  the  nature  of  those  ternn,  so 
evidently  framed  in  a  spirit  of  conciliation,  would  iiave 


'K' 


III 


.1 


IP' 


1^1 


S99 


APPKNDIX. 


I!  a\ 


i\^ 


>  1.1 


I 


,  I  i 


i! 

Si 


i 


II  t 


/   -»■ 


i      ■ 


'  (il 


I 


imiiircd  (i.  Hrilainto  ndnpt  lUem  ntttltr  li:iiiis  of  n  trrntv  ; 
and  il  In  with  (K  i-|>  rc^rcl  lli:it  llicMiMi(>rsii>iir(l,it'i|itn  Iia\e 
ri|<;htl\  iiiiil('i'»tn(Ml  the  iiilmimii^  ot  iIi«-  laHt  iiuh*  of  llic  Bn- 
tinh  PifiiipoUniiiineN,  |H>rniv4'  lliiit  \Uv\  ntill  iiisiht  oti  llit* 
ex<'liHivf>  miiitnry  |>oHN*>Nsifiii  ol'  I  lie  hikes,  iiimI  <mi  ti  pcrniii. 
li<  ril  h«)iiii<)ary  :iimI  iiMh'peiidciit  ttiTitnrv  for  the  ImiiaiiH 
rt'Hidiii^f  within  the  doiiiiiiionN  of  Ihi^  V.  Stales. 

The  HrHt  (leiiuiiui  '\h  t^rouiuicd  uu  the  siipiosilion,  that 
the  Aiiiencan  u^ovfriimeiit  has  nr.tiiifi  mUmI.  I>\  its  proccnl- 
uvj;h  towaivl.s  S|miii,  hy  tho  Hrqii  h  lion  of  LouiMana,  hv 
the|HirciiaseH  of  Indian  hiiiiiM,  and  hy  an  avowed  ittteiitioii 
of pernia.ently  aiincxinp^  th<!  Caiiatias  to  the  V.  St!i!«.s, 
a  spirit  of  ag^'ra^dlzt'mt'nl  and  roii(|tie.st,  which  jiistilii's 
the  demand  ot  extraordinary  sacnfires  from  them,  to  pro. 
ide  for  the  security  of  tlie  British  possessions  in  America. 

In  observations  which  the  niidersi<riied  felt  it  their  duty 
t>  make  on  the  new  demands  of  the  Hi'iti>h  ^overnnieiit, 
theN  coiitined  their  animadversionM  to  the  nature  of  the  de- 
mands themselves  ;  they  did  not  seek  for  ilUistrations  of 
the  policy  ot  G  Britain  in  her  conduct,  in  various  (piarte.-s 
of  the  globe,  towards  oilier  nations,  for  she  was  not  ac- 
countable to  the  IJ.  Slates.  Yet  ihe  undersigneci  will  say, 
that  their  government  has  ever  been  ready  to  arrange.  In 
the  most  amicable  manner,  with  Spain,  the  questions  re- 
specting the  bonndaries  ot  LMUisiana,  and  Florida,  a  d 
that  of  the  indeuniities  acknowledged  by  Spain  due  to 
American  citizens.  How  the  peaceable  acquisition  of 
L' iiisiana,  or  the  purchase  of  lands  within  the  acknow- 
ledged lerrilone)!  of  the  U.  States,  both  made  by  fair  and 
voluntary  treaties  for  satistaclory  equivalents,  can  be  as- 
cribed to  a  spirit  of  conquest  ilangerous  to  their  neighbors, 
the  undersigned  are  Hltogether  'aI  a  loss  to  understand. 

N«ir  has  the  conquest  of  Canada,  and  its  permanent  an- 
nexation to  the  U.  States,  been  the  declared  object  of  their 
government.  From  the  commencement  of  the  war  to  the 
present  time,  the  American  government  has  been  always 
willing  to  make  peace,  without  obtaining  any  cession  of 
territory,  and  on  the  sole  condition  that  the  maritime  qi;e.s- 
tions  might  be  satisfaclonly  arranged.  Such  was  their 
disposition  in  themonth  uf  .Tniy,  1812,  when  they  instruct- 
ed iVlr.  Russell  to  make  the  proposal  of  an  armistice  ;  in 
the  month  of  October  of  the  same  year,  when  Mr.  Mou- 


.iPPEXDIX. 


3.')3 


roc  aii^writ'd  Admiral  WiirrnrM  itropoMal-.  (o  tliu  Name 
etVccl ;  Ml  April,  IHl;),  whtii  insiructMiiiN  were  tfivcn  to 
three  ot  llie  uiiiU'rHiv^iit'd  IImmi  a)i|M>iiiU>(l  to  treat  ul'  pencr, 
under  the  iiieditilioii  ot  Hunhiu  ;  niid  in  Jaiiimry,  IHI  I, 
ulieii  the  iiiMtriirtioiiH  iiiidir  whu'li  the  uiiiiirMigiied  are 
iiuw  tietiii^,  were  prepared. 

The  prnpusition  of  the  Hrit'iHli  PleiiipoteiiliiirieM  is  thai, 
ill  order  lo  Meciire  llie  t'ruiitier  oi  Caiiudu  a^'alllMt  attack, 
the  U.  St:iteM  Nhotild  leave  their  own  without  delence ; 
and  itseeiUH  to  be  tor^ollen,  that  if  their  superior  popula- 
tion, and  the  proximity  ut'  their  reMOurees  !.'i>e  tiiem  any 
advatitn«j;e  in  that  quarter,  it  is  lialaneed  !>>  the  ureal  dif- 
ference iK'tween  the  military  eslahlishuients  of  the  t\«o  na- 
tions. No  sudden  invasion  of  Canada  by  the  U.  States 
could  be  made,  without  leavinir  on  their  Atlantic  shoreji, 
and  on  the  ocean,  exposed  to  the  great  superiority  ot  the 
British  torce,  a  mass  of  American  property  far  more  val- 
uable than  Canada.  In  her  relative  sui>erior  force  to  that 
of  the  U.  States  in  every  other  qi:arler,G.  Britain  may  tind 
a  pledge  umch  more  etficacious  for  the  safety  of  a  single 
vulnerable  pomi,  than  in  stipulations  ruinous  to  the  inter- 
ests, and  dej^radiiig  to  the  honor  o\'  America.  The  best 
security  for  the  possessions  of  both  countries  will,  howev- 
er, be  found  in  an  equal  and  solid  peace ;  in  a  mutual  re- 
spect tor  the  riy^hts  ot  eat  bother,  and  in  the  cultivation  of 
a  friendly  understauding  between  them.  If  liiere  be  any 
source  of  jealousy  in  relatiun  to  Canada  itself,  it  will  be 
found  to  exist  solely  in  the  un<lue  interference  of  traders 
and  agents,  which  may  be  easily  removed  by  proper  re- 
slrainls. 

The  only  American  (ovia  on  the  lakes  known  to  have 
been,  at  the  commencement  of  the  negociation,  lield  by 
British  force,  are  Michilimackinac  and  Niagara.  As  the 
U.  States  were,  at  the  same  time,  in  possession  of  Amherst- 
burg,  and  the  adjacent  country,  it  is  not  perceived  that  the 
mere  occupation  of  those  two  forts  could  give  any  claim  to 
his  Britannic  majesty  lo  large  cessions  of  territory,  found- 
ed upon  the  right  of  conquest ;  and  the  undersigned  may 
be  permitted  to  add,  that  even  if  the  chances  of  war  should 
yield  to  the  British  arms  a  moinenlary  possession  of  other 
parts  of  the  territories  of  the  U.  States,  such  events  would 
uot  alter  their  views  with  regard  to  the  terms  of  peace  to 


I  m 


I 


3^4 


APPENDIX. 


I 

I 


i.ll 


'k 


i^ 


u 


ill 


f 


iwhieli  llicv  wonltl  STive  tlu-ir  coiiKcnt.  AVitliout  recurrinjr 
U*  exampleH  clra^vn  tronj  the  revolutinnary  ^overiiiiietitHof 
France,  or  lo  a  more  recent  and  illustriouH  lriiiiii|tli  of  lor- 
titiute  in  adversity,  ihey  have  lu'en  taught  Uy  their  own 
history  that  the  occupation  of  their  principal  citieti  would 
profhice  no  despondency,  nor  induce  their  suhtnission 
to  the  dismoinherment  of  their  empire,  or  to  the  abui.duii. 
Dient  of  any  one  of  the  rights  which  constitute  a  pnit  uf 
tiieir  national  independence. 

The  gtiieral  position,  that  it  was  consistent  with  the. 
principles  of  public  law,  and  with  the  practice  of  civilized 
nations,  to  include  allies  in  a  treaty  of  |>ea(e,  and  to  pro. 
vide  for  their  security,  never  was  called  in  question  by  the 
undersigned.  But  they  have  <ienied  the  right  of  G.  Bri- 
tain,  according  to  those  principles  and  her  own  practice,  to 
interfere  in  any  manner  with  the  Indian  tribes  residing  ^vith- 
in  the  territories  of  the  V.  States,  as  acknowledged  by  her- 
self, to  consider  such  tribes  as  her  allies,  or  to  treat  for 
them  with  the  IT.  Stales,  They  will  not  repeat  the  facit 
and  arguments  already  brought  forward  by  them  n\  sn,)- 
port  of  this  position,  and  which  remain  unanswered.  The 
observations  made  by  the  British  Plenipotentiaries  on  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  and  their  assertion  that  the  U.  States 
now,  for  the  first  time,  deny  the  absolute  independence  of 
the  Indian  tribes,  and  claim  the  exclusive  right  of  purchas- 
ing  their  lands,  require,  however,  some  notice. 

if  the  U.  Stales  had  now  asserted,  that  the  [;)dians  with- 
in their  boundaries,  who  have  ackuowledged  the  U.  States 
as  their  Oidy  protectors  were  their  subjects,  living  only  at 
sufi'erance  on  their  lan<ls,  far  from  being  the  first  in  making 
that  assertion,  they  would  only  have  followed  the  examirto 
on  the  principles,  uniformly  and  invaria  ly  asserted  in  sub- 
stance, and  frequently  avowed  in  express  terms  by  the  Bri- 
tish government  itself.  What  was  the  meaning  of  all  the 
colonial  charters  granted  by  the  British  monarchy,  from 
that  of  Virginia,  by  Elizabeth,  to  that  of  Georgia,  by  the 
iiumed'atepreciecessor  of  thp  present  king,  if  the  Indians 
were  the  sovereigns  and  proprietors  of  the  lands  bestowed 
by  tikose  charters  P  What  was  the  meaning  of  that  article  in 
the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  by  which  the  five  nations  were  de- 
scribed, III  terms,  assutiject  to  the  dominions  of  (i.  Britain  ? 
or  that  of  the  treaty  with  the  Clierokees,  by   which   it   was 


APPENDIX. 


das 


declared  that  the  kin|L>;  of  G.  Britain  c^ranteii  them  theprivi* 
ledge  lu  live  wiifrelhey  pleant'cl,  if  tliose  subjerls  wcro  in* 
de|teii<lehl  suvereigiiN,  nnil  if  these  leriaiitN,  ut  the  licence  of 
the  British  kingt  were  th^  riirhttul  hmU  of  the  tamU  where 
he  granted  them  jiermitision  to  hve  ?  VVhut  was  the  moan- 
ini;'  of  that  proclamation  of  his  present  Britannic  insijeNty, 
issued  in  17(Ki,  dechiriit^^  ail  piirchnHes  of  laiid!«  from  the 
1  idiansiinll  and  void,  miUss  made  by  treaties  held  nnder 
the  sanction  of  his  majesty's  government,  if  the  Indians  had 
the  right  to  sell  their  lends  to  whom  they  pleased  ?  What 
was  the  meaning  of  honndary  lines  of  Amr;rican  territories, 
in  all  treaties  of  G.  Britain  with  other  Kiiropean  poMet'.>i 
having  American  possessions,  particularly  in  the  treaty  of 
176-J,  hy  which  she  acquired  from  France  the  soveieignty 
and  possession  of  theCaiuulu;  ;  in  her  treaty  of  peace  with 
the  U.  States  in  1"83  ;  nay,  what  is  the  meaning  of  the 
north  western  boundary  line  now  proposed  by  the  British 
commissioners  themselves,  if  it  is  the  rightful  |»ossessioii 
and  sovereignty  of  independent  Indians,  of  which  these 
boundaries  dispose  ?  Is  it  indeed,  necessary  to  ask,  whether 
G.  Britain  ever  has  permitted,  or  would  permit,  any  for- 
eign nation,  or  without  her  consent,  any  ot'  her  subjects,  to 
acquire  lands  from  the  Indians,  in  the  territories  of  the  Hud- 
son bay  company,  or  in  Canada:'  In  formally  protesting 
against  this  systeui,  it  is  not  against  a  novel  prelension  of 
the  AiiieriC;iii  govLM'nineiit,  it  is  agiiinst  tlie  most  solemn 
acts  of  their  own  sovereigns,  against  the  royal  proclama- 
tions, charters,  and  treaties  of  ti.  Bitain,  for  more  than 
two  centuries,  from  the  .HrstsettLmement  of  North  Ameri- 
ca to  the  present  day,  that  the  British  Plenipotentiaries 
protest. 

From  the  rigor  of  this  system,  however,  as  practised  by 
G  Britain,  ami  all  other  European  powers  in  America,  the 
humane  and  liberal  policy  of  the  U.  States  has  voluntarily 
relaxed.  A  celebrated  writer  on  the  laws  of  nations,  lo 
whose  authority  Britisii  jurists  liave  taken  particular  satisfac- 
tion in  appealing,  after  stating,  in  the  most  explicit  man- 
tier,  the  legitimacy  of  coloiiini  settlements  in  America,  the 
exclusion  of  all  rights  ot  uncivilized  liuiian  tribes,  has  tak- 
en occasion  to  praise  thetirst  seillers  of  New-England,  and 
the  founder  of  Pennsylvania,  in  having  purchased  of  the  Iii- 
dia^is  the  lands  they  resolved  to  cultivate^  iioln  itlistandifig^ 


II 


,i|t 

•jii' 


•■"*^'  .,  1 


■         III 


t  , 


'? 


f- 


i 


'I 'I 


K  ., 


336 


APP^-NDIX. 


Iheir  l»ein£j  fiirnisheil  wllh  si  charter  from  Uieir  s(>vereiji;'n. 
It  IS  lliisc\aiii|>lf,  uliicli  the  IT.  Stales,  since  they  l)er:»mH 
by  tlieir  iiule|>eucleiice,tlie  Hovereijfiis  of  the  lernlorv,  liiive 
adopted  and  or«rani/e(l  uito  a  poiilical  Kvslem.  UimIci- 
that  systt  ni,  the  Indians  resi(hn<r  wiihni  the  U.  SlalcH  ave 
so  far  independiiit  Untt  they  h\e  nnder  their  own  customs, 
and  not  under  the  laws  of  the  U  SlaUs,  that  their  riyhu 
upon  the  lands  where  *hey  uthabit,  or  hunt,  are  secured  U> 
theni  by  botindarie.s  delined  in  ain:c;ib'e  treaties  between 
the  U.  States  and  tlieinselves  ;  and  ti  at  ulnnever  those 
boundanvs  were  vancl,  it  isf  also  by  auKcalile  aad  voumla- 
ry  treaties,  by  which  they  receive  from  the  U.  Slates  ample 
compensation  for  every  right  they  have  to  l1ie  lands  cedeil 
to  them.  They  are  so  far  dependent  as  not  to  have  the  rii>lit 
to  dispose  of  their  lauds  to  private  persons,  nor  to  any  pow- 
er other  than  the  U.  States,  aid  tt  be  under  their  prolec- 
tioii  alone,  and  not  under  tliatof  any  other  power.  Whe- 
ther call&d  subjects,  r  by  whatever  name  designated,  such 
is  the  relation  between  them  and  the  U.  Stales. — That  rela- 
t  on  is  neither  asserted  now  for  the  tirsttime,  nor  di<l  it  oii. 
gi  late  with  the  treaty  of  (iieenville.  These  principles  h;>ve 
been  uniformly  recoofn, zed  bv  the  Indians  tiieiuselves,  not 
only  by  that  trcuty,  but  in  ad  the  other  previous  as  we!I  as 
subsequent  treaties  between  them  and  the  U.  States.        < 

Tile  treaty  of  Grecnvilie  neither  took  from  the  Indians 
the  right,  which  they  had  not,  of  selling  lamls  within  llie 
jurisdiction  of  ihe  U.  Stales  to  foreign  governn»enls  or  sub- 
jects, lior  ceded  to  them  the  right  oi  exercising  exclusive 
jurisdiction  within  the  boundary  line  assigned.  It  was 
merely  declaratory  of  the  public  law  in  relation  to  the  par- 
ties, founded  on  principles  previously  and  universully  recog- 
nized. It  left  to  the  U.  Stales  the  rights  of  exercising  sov- 
ereignty antl  of  acquiriivg  soil,  and  bears  no  analogy  to  tlie 
piviuisition  of  G.  Briiain  which  requires  the  abandonuieut 
of  both. 

Tne  British  Plenipoleutiaries  stale  in  their  last  note,  thai 
G.  Britain  isready  to  enter  into  the  same  engagement  with 
respect  to  the  Indians  living  within  her  line  of  demarkation, 
as  that  which  is  propose*!  to  the  U.  States. — The  under- 
signed will  not  dwell  on  the  immense  ineqnaiity  of  value 
between  the  two  territories,  which  under  such  an  arrange- 
luenl,  would  ije  assigned,  by  each  nation  respectively  to  tlie 


APPENDIX. 


337 


s  as   well    as 


an  aiTanirt- 


Indiniis,  and  which  alone  wouid  niakethe  reciprocity  mere- 
ly nominal.  The  condilnui  which  would  be  IhuH  imposed 
on  G.Britain  not  to  acquire  landtt  in  Canada  from  the  In- 
dians, wonld  be  productive  of  no  advantage  to  the 
U.  Suites,  and  is,  iherefoie,  no  equivalent  for  the  sacri- 
fice required  of  them.  The)  do  not  consider  that  it  belong 
to  the  (T.  States  in  any  res[>ect  to  interfere  with  the  con- 
cerns of  (i.  Britain  iu  her  American  possessions,  or  with 
iter  policy  towards  the  Indians  residiii)^  there :  and  they 
cannot  consent  to  any  interference,  on  the  part  of  G.  Bri- 
tain, with  their  own  concerns,  and  particularly  with  the 
Indians  living  willtin  tiieir  territories.  It  may  be  the  inter- 
est ot  G.  Britain  to  limit  her  sett leuients  in  Canada  to  their 
present  extent,  and  to  leave  the  country  to  the  West  a  per- 
petual wihlerness,  to  be  for  ever  inhabited  by  scattered 
tribes  of  hunters  :  but  it  wouid  iiiHict  a  vital  injury  on  the 
U.  States  to  have  a  line  run  through  her  territory,  beyond 
which  her  settlements  should  for  ever  be  precluded  froia 
extendnig,  thereby  arresting'  the  natural  growth  of  her  po- 
>  lialion  and  stretiglh;  placing  the  Indians  substantially  by 
virtue  of  the  proposed  ^uarautee,  under  the  protection  of 
G.  Britain;  dooiunig  them  to  nerpetual  barbarism,  and 
leavinu;  an  extensive  frontier  for  ever  exposed  to  their  sav* 


a!>'e  incursions. 


With  respect  to  the  mere  question  of  peace  with  the  In- 
dians, the  undersigned  have  already  explicitly  assured  the 
British  Pletiipolentiaries  that  so  far  as  it  depended  on  the 
U.  States,  it  would  immediately  and  necessardy  follow  a 
peace  withG.  Bntain.  If  this  be  her  sole  object,  no  pro- 
vision in  the  treaty  to  that  ett'ecl  is  necessary.  Provided 
the  Indians  will  now  consent  to  it,  peace  will  immediately 
be  made  with  them,  and  tliey  will  be  reinstated  in  the  same 
situation  in  which  they  stood  before  the  commencement  of 
hostilities.  Should  a  coii'inuance  of  the  war  compel  the 
U.  States  to  alter  their  policy  towards  the  Indians,  who 
may  still  take  the  part  of  G.  Britain,  they  alone  must  be  re<)> 
sponsible  for  the  consequences  of  her  own  act  in  having  in- 
duced them  to  withdraw  themselves  from  the  protection  of 
the  U.  States.  The  employment  of  savages,  whose  known 
rule  of  warfare  is  the  indiscriminate  torture  and  butchery 
gf  women,  children,  and  prisoners,  is  ibeif  a  departure  froai 

m 


t«! 


i* 


'W 


^i> 


338 


APPENUfX. 


'M 


t   I 


i 


m  )l 


the  pi'inciploH  uf  litiiiianity  observed   bchveen  all    civilized 
aiul  Clinsliaii  nations,  even  in  war. 

Tii(;  V.  States  have  constantly  protested,  and  still  pro. 
teslii|^anisl  it  as  an  nnjnstitiadle  aggravation ot'the calami- 
lies  and  horrors  of  war. — Of  the  peculiar  atrocities  of  In- 
dian wtuliire,  the  allies  of  G.  Britain  in  whose  behalf  she 
now  dentands  s;uTifices  of  the  U.  States,  have  during  the 
present  war,  shewn  many  deplorable  examples.  Among 
them,  the  mas'  acre  in  cold  blood,  of  wounded  prisoners, 
and  the  refusal  of  the  rights  of  burial  to  the  dead,  under  the 
eycsot  Briiish  oJnrers  who  could  only  plead  their  inability 
to  control  these  savage  anxiliarirs,  have  been  re|  eatedand 
are  notorions  to  the  world.  The  U.  States  might  at  all 
times  have  employed  the  same  kind  of  force  against  G. 
Britain,  to  a  grcitt:!r  extent  than  it  was  in  her  power  to  Liv,- 
ploy  it  against  them }  but  from  their  reluctance  to  resort  to 
means  so  abliorreitt  to  the  natund  feelings  of  humanity, 
they  abstained  from  the  use  of  them  until  compelled  to  the 
allerniiUve  of  employing  tluinselves  Indians,  who  otlfcer- 
wise  would  have  been  drawn  iulo  the  ranks  of  their  ene- 
mies. The  u-idersigned  suggesting  to  the  British  Pleni- 
pott'iitiaries  the  pronritly  of  an  article  by  which  G.  Britain 
and  the  U.  Slates  >h(;uid  rcci|>roGally  stipulate  never  here- 
atler,  if  they  should  be  again  at  war,  to  employ  savages  in 
it,  believe  that  it  would  be  infinitely  more  honorable  to  the 
luimanity  and  Christian  temper  of  both  parlies,  more  ad- 
vantageous to  the  Indians  themselves,  and  better  adapted 
to  secure  their  permanent  peari',  tranquility;  and  progres- 
sive civilization.  Uian  the  boundary  proposed  by  the  British 
Plenipotentiaries. 

With  regard  to  the  cession  of  a  part  of  the  District  of 
Maine,  as  to  which  the  British  Phnipotentiaries  are  unable 
to  reconcile  the  objections  made  by  the  undersigned  with 
their  previous  declaration,  they  have  the  honor  to  observe, 
thai  althe  conference  of  the  8th  ult.  the  British  Plenipoten- 
tiaries staled  as  one  of  the  subjects  suitable  for  discussion, 
n  revision  of  the  boundary  line  between  the  British  and 
American  territories,  with  a  view  to  prevent  uncerlainlv 
and  dispute  ;  and  that  it  was  on  the  point  thus  stated,  that 
Ihoundf^rsigncd  declared  that  they  were  provided  with  in- 
structions from  their  governinHii;  a  declaration  which 
tlid  not  imply  that  they  were  luslructed  to  make  uny  ces 


APPENDIX* 


OOP 


\  all    civilized 


ies,   more  ad- 


he  Disliict  of 


Hion  of  territory  in  any  qunrter,  or  aj^ree  to  a  revision  of  the 
line,  or  to  any  exchaiif^«*  of  territory,  where  no  unccr  ^ 
or  chspute  existed. 

The  uiitierMigned  perceive  no  uncertainty  or  matter  of 
tlouhl  in  the  treaty  of  I7H3,  wilii  res|HCt  to  that  part  of  the 
boundary  of  the  JJistricl  of  Maine  which  wuuUl  ijc  affect- 
ed by  the  proposal  of  G.  Britain  on  that  huhjeet.  They 
never  have  understood  thai  the  Uritish  Plenipotentiaries 
M'ho  signed  that  treaty,  had  contemplated  a  boundary  dif- 
ferent from  that  fixed  by  the  tri  aly  ;  and  which  requires 
.nothing  more,  in  order  to  be  iletinileiy  ascertained,  than  to 
'i;6  surveyed  in  conformity  with  its  proviaiions.  This  sub- 
ject not  having  been  a  matter  of  uncertainty  or  dispute, 
ihe  undersigned  are  not  inslructe«i  upon  it;  and  they  c'nu 
ha\e  no  authority  to  cede  any  part  of  the  state  of  Massa- 
chusetts, even  for  what  the  British  gover^ifi^ent  might  con- 
sider a  fair  equivalent. 

in  regard  to  the  boundary  of  the  north  western  frontier, 
80  soon  as  the  proposition  ot  Indian  boundary  is  disposed 
of,  the  undersigned  have  no  objection,  with  the  explana- 
tion given  by  ihe  British  Piensputentiaries  in  their  last 
note,  to  discuss  the  subject. 

The  undersigned  iii  their  formernole,  stated  with  frank- 
ness, and  will  now  repeat,  that  the  two  propositions,  1st,  of 
assigning  in  the  proposed  treaty  of  p^ace  a  detinile  boun- 
dary to  the  Indians  living  within  the  limits  of  the  U.  Stales, 
beyond  which  boundary  they  should  stipubte  nottu  acquire, 
by  purchase  or  otherwise,  any  territory ;  and  'idly, of  securing 
the  exclusive  military  possession  of  the  lakes  to  Great  Ijri- 
tain,  are  both  inadmiss  ble;  and  that  they  cannot  subscribe 
to,  and  would  deem  it  useless  to  refer  to  their  government, 
any  arrangement,  even  provisional,  containing  either  of 
these  propositions.  With  this  understanding,  the  under- 
signed are  now  ready  to  continue  the  negociation  ;  and  as 
they  have  already  expressed,  to  discuss  ail  the  pointy  of 
dift'ereuce,  or  which  might  hereafter  tend  in  any  degree  to 
interrupt  the  harmony  of  the  two  countries.  \.,.i' 

The  undersigned  request  the  British  Ptenipolentiarics 
to  accept  the  assurance  of  their  high  consideration. 


JOHN  a  ADAMS, 
J.  A.  BAYARiJ, 
H.  CLAY, 


JONA.  KUSSEIX, 
A.  GALLATIN. 


!l»,| 


J*J 


340 


JlPPENDIX. 


I   I  I 


-^^. 


.;•! 


I .  i 


!^i1'1 


'..  ^ 


?  ;i.; 


TA^  British  to  the  Amerknn  Commissumers, 
■  Ghlnt,  Sepl.  19,  1814 

The  undemig^ned  have  the  Imitor  to  nckno\^  l«'<i|{f  \\\u 
receipt  of  the  note  nddreftKcH  to  them  hy  ilie  Anierirun 
plenipotentiaries  on  ihe  Uth  inst. 

On  the  grreiiter  part  of  thnl  note,  the  iiiiiirrsi^^neil  have 
no  intentior^;  to  q^alce  commt'nl.^,  having  propostd  to  Ihem- 
ocfves  thronirhout  the  nejerociatinn  to  avuid  all  unnecessary 
diflf'UHsiony,  more  especially  >» hen  tending^  to  create  irritn« 
tion. 

On  t!;e  qnestion  of  the  northwestern  frontiers,  they  are 
happy  to  find  that  no  material  difllicnlty  \h  likely  to  arise. 

With  respect  to  the  boundary  nfti.e  District  of  Maine, 
the  undersigned  observe  with  regret,  that  although  Ihe  A- 
raerican  Plenipotentiaries  have  acknowledged  themselves 
to  be  instructed  to  discuss  a  revision  of  the  bouriidary  line, 
with  a  view  to  prevent  uncertainty  and  dispute,  yet,  by  asf 
6uming  an  exclusive  right  at  once  to  decide  what  is  or  is 
not  a  subject  of  uncertainty  and  dispute,  they  have  ren- 
dered their  powers  nugatory  or  inadmissd>ly  partial  in  their 
operation. 

After  the  declaration  made  by  the  American  Plenipoo 
tentiaries,  that  the  U.  States  will  admit  of  no  line  of  bouu< 
dary  between  their  territory  and  that  of  the  Indian  nations, 
because  the  natural  growth  and  pofiuiation  of  theU.  Stales 
would  be  thereby  arrested,  it  b»  conieij  unnecessary  further  to 
insist  oh  the  proof  of  a  spirit  of  aggrandizement  afi'orded 
by  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  from  France,  against  tiie 
known  conditions  on  which  it  had  been  ceded  by  Spain  to 
that  country,  or  the  hostile  seizure  of  a  great  part  of  the 
Floridas,  under  a  pretence  of  a  dispute  respectutg  the 
boundary. 

The  reason  given  by  the  American  Plenipotentiaries  for 
this  declaration,  equally  applies  to  the  assigument  of  a 
boundary  to  the  U.  States  on  any  side,  with  whatever  view 
proposed  ;  and  the  unlimited  nature  of  the  pretension  would 
alone  havejnstiiied  G.  Britain  in  seeking  more  efteclual  se- 
curities against  its  application  to  Canada,  than  any  which 
the  undersigned  have  had  the  honor  to  propose. 

Had  ?khe  American  Plenipotentiaries  been  instructed  on 
the  8ub|ect  of  Canada,  they  would  not  have  asserted  that 
it!? perrianent  annexation  had  not  been  the  declared  objec^ 


j^FFEKDtX. 


311 


uf  their  (|rovcrnnient.  Il  has  been  dislinctiy  MTOwed  lo  b« 
Hurli  ut  il.ilerfiil tunes  |mrticularty  hy  luo  AntiTican  Geii- 
ernU  on  their  rexpeclive  iiivasiuiiM  of  Cmiaita.  It  \W.  lifc- 
laralion  Hr :.  made  had  t>eeii  dira|*|)ruvtil,  il  would  not 
have  been  n  |)eatcd.  Tiie  deelaratiiiiis  here  rciened  lo 
are  to  t>e  found  in  the  proctaniatiun  o<  (ien.  Hud,  ui  July, 
1812,  nnd  ol  Gen.  Smyth,  in  November,  1812,  copies  uf 
which  are  in  reunto  annexed. 

It  mu»t  be  aliio  from  the  want  of  in&tructious  tiiat  the 
American  PI"  nipotentmnes  hn\e  been  led  to  assert  tliat 
Ci.  Britain  han  induced  the  Indians  to  withdraw  frnm  the 
protection  of  the  U.  StateH.  The  g^overnment  of  tlie  U. 
Skates  cannot  have  4'org-otten  that  G.  Britain,  no  far  lr«)in 
inducing  the  Indians  tu  withdraw  themselves  fnioi  the  pro- 
tection of  the  U.  States,  gave  the  tarlicst  infurmution  of 
tile  intention  of  those  nations  to  invade  the  U.  States,  and 
exerted  her.elf,  though  without  success,  tu  prevent  and  ap- 
pease i,h.2ir  hostility.  The  Indian  nations,  however,  Imv- 
ing  (fixprrieiiced,  as  they  tiiought,  oppression,  insltud  uf 
protection  from  the  (J.  Slates,  declared  war  a||;ainst  tiiera 
previously  to  tiie  declaration  uf  war  bv  thai  com  try  against 
G.  Britain.  Tiie  treaty  by  which  tiie  li  diu.s  placid 
Uiemselves  um'«"  the  protection  of  theU.  Statts,  is  now 
abrogated,  and  the  American  governmeut  caiiiiol  be  enti- 
tled to  claim  as  a  right,  the  renewal  of  an  niticle  in  a  trea- 
ty, which  has  DO  longer  any  existence.  The  Iiulian  i  a- 
tions  are  tliereforeno  lunger  tube  considered  as  under  die 
protection  of  the  V.  States,  (whatever  ma}  be  ihe  import 
of  that  term)  and  it  can  only  be  on  the  ground  that  they 
are  regarded  as  subjects,  that  the  American  Plenipoten- 
tiaries can  be  authorized  to  deny  the  right  of  G  Biiluin  to 
interfere  on  their  behalf  in  tiie  negociatiuns  for  peace.  To 
any  such  claim,  itiis  repeated,  that  the  treaties  concluded 
with  tiiem,  and  par|ili|i|iarly  that  of  Greenville,  are  in  direct 
opposition. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  recur  to  the  manner  in  which  the 
territory  of  the  U.  States  was  at  first  settled,  in  order  tu  de- 
cide, wliether  the  Indian  nations,  the  original  inhabitants 
of  America,  shall  have  some  spot  assigned  to  them,  wiiere 
they  may  be  permitted  to  live  in  tranquility  ;  nor  whether 
their  trancpiility  can  be  secured  without  preventing  an  uii- 


I 


ivi 


■;'■  a 


54e 


APPENDIX. 


z.'i 


interrupted  sysUini  of  encroachment  upon  tiiem  under  tlie 
pretence  of  purchase. 

If  the  American  Pienipoteiitiaries  are  authorized  pe- 
remptorily to  deny  the  ri^lit  of  the  British  government  lu 
i:iterfere  with  the  pacification  of  the  Indian  nations,  and 
for  that  reason  refuse  all  ne^fociatiions  on  the  suhject,  the 
undersig^ned  are  at  a  loss  to  understiind,  upon  what  prin- 
ciple it  was,  that  at  the  conference  of  the  9lh  ultimo,  the 
American  Pleni|K>teiitiaries  invited  discussion  on  the  sub- 
ject, anr)  added  that  it  was  not  possible  for  them  to  decide 
without  discussion,  whether  an  article  coiitd  be  framed 
which  should  be  mutually  satisfactory,  and  to  which  they 
■hould  think  themselves,  under  their  discretionary  powers, 
warranted  in  acceding-. 

The  undersij^ned  must  further  observe,  that  if  the  A- 
merican  government  has  not  fiirtiislied  their  Plenipoten- 
tiaries with  any  instructions  since  January  last,  when  the 
general  pacification  of  Europe  could  not  have  been  im- 
mediately in  contemplation,  ttiis  subsequent  silence,  after 
an  event  so  calculated  (even  in  the  view  which  the  Ameri- 
can Plenipotentiaries  have  taken  of  it,  in  their  note  of  the 
24th  ult)  to  influence  the  negociation,  is,  to  say  the  least, 
no  proof  of  a  sincere  desire  to  bring  it  to  a  favorable  con- 
clusion. The  British  government  has  entered  into  the  ne- 
gociation  with  an  anxious  wish  to  effect  an  amicable  ar- 
rangement. After  convulsions  unexampled  in  their  na- 
ture, extent,  and  duration,  the  civilized  world  has  need  of 
repose.  To  obtain  this  in  Europe,  G.  Britain  has  made 
considerable  sacrifices.  To  complete  the  work  of  general 
pacification,  it  is  her  earnest  wish  to  establish  a  peace  witli 
the  U.  States,  and  in  her  endeavors  to  accomplish  this  ob- 
ject, to  manifest  the  same  principles  of  moderation  and  for- 
bearance; but  it  is  utterly  inconsistent  with  her  practice 
and  her  nrinciples  ever  to  abandon  in  her  negociations  for 
peace,  those  v»'ho  have  co-operated  with  her  in  war.    • 

The  undersigned,  therefore,  repeat,  that  the  British  gov- 
ernment is  willing  to  sign  a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  U. 
States  on  terms  honorable  to  both  parties.  It  has  not  of- 
fered any  terms  which  the  U.  States  can  justly  represent  as 
derogatory  to  their  honor,  nor  can  it  be  induced  to  accede 
to  any  which  are  injurious  to  its  own.  It  is  on  this  gruiind 
that  the  undersigned  are  authorized  distinctly  to  dechrc, 


11 II 


lein  uiiiicr  the 


APPENDIX. 


948 


that  they  are  instructed  not  to  ftign  a  treaty  of  peace  with 
the  Plenipotenliunes  of  the  U.  Stales,  uiile>s  the  Indian  na- 
tions are  included  in  it,  and  restored  to  all  the  nghtn,  privi- 
leges, and  lerritorie^^  which  they  enjo>ed  in  the  year  1811, 
previous  to  the  coiriniencement  of  (he  war,  by  virtue  of  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  and  the  treaties  subsequently  conclud- 
ed between  them  and  the  U.  Htates.  Froui  this  point  tht 
British  Plenipotentiaries  cuiinot  depart. 

They  are  further  instructed  to  offer  for  discussion  an  ar- 
ticle by  which  the  ccntracting  parties  hhall  reciprocally 
bind  themselves,  according  to  boundaries  to  be  agreed  up- 
on, not  to  purchase  the  lands  occupied  by  the  Indians  with- 
in their  respective  lines  of  deuiarkalion.  By  making  this 
engagement,  subjr^ct  to  revision  ut  the  expiration  of  a  given 
period,  it  is  hoped  that  the  objection  to  the  establisliment 
of  a  boundary  beyond  which  the  settlement  of  the  United 
{states  should  be  forever  excluded,  may  be  efiectually  ob- 
viated. 

The  undersigned  have  never  staled  that  the  exclusive 
miliUiry  possession  of  the  lakes,  however  conducivt^  they 
are  satisfied  it  would  be  to  a  good  understanding  between 
the  two  countries,  without  endangering  the  security  of  the 
U.  States,  was  to  be  considered  as  a  sine  qua  nun  in  the 
negociation.  Whenever  the  question  relative  to  the  paci- 
fication of  the  Indian  nations  (which,  subject  to  Uie  explan- 
ations already  given,  is  a  sine  qua  uoUy)  shall  be  adjusted, 
the  undersigned  will  be  autliunzed  to  make  a  final  propo- 
sition on  the  sultject  of  Canadian  boundaries,  si  entirely 
founded  on  principles  of  moderation  and  justice,  that  they 
feel  confident  it  cannot  be  rejected.  This  proposition  will 
be  distinctly  stated  by  the  undersigned,  upon  receiving  an 
assurance  from  the  American  Plenipotentiaries  that  they 
consider  themselves  authorized  to  conclude  a  provisional 
article  on  the  subject,  and  upon  their  previously  consenting 
to  include  the  Indian  nations  in  the  treaty,  in  the  manner 
above  described. 

The  undersigned  avail  themselves  of  this  opportunity  of 
lenewins:  t<*  the  American  PlenipotenUaries,  the  assurance 


of  the ir  \wA\  consideration. 


GAMBIER, 

HENRY  GOULBURN, 

WILLIAM  ADA  MS. 


I: 


m 


•ii 


h,; 

1^ 


M:? 


J!        • 


i 


1H 


I' 


su 


AVPtasmx. 


The  Auurican  to  the  Hiilish  Commissimvrs. 

Ghknt,  St'pl.  2«,  1814. 

In  replying^  to  the  nolo  which  the  uii(lerMi<rnpd  ha*e  h:id 
the  honor  of  reoe.vm«jf  tr-M"  l»i«  IJrilniinic  majeKly'H  Pieni- 
polcntiarii'S,  (laled  oil  the  ItHh  iiist.  they  are  hnppy  to  coii. 
cur  with  tht-m  in  the  sentiiuent  ot'  avoiding  unnecciisnry 
discussiOMM,  «'S|>eci«illy  such  utt  may  have  a  UMidt-ncy  to 
crciiU;  inil;it!o  .  Tliey  had  hoped  thai,  in  the  same  spir- 
it, the  Bfitisli  I'li'iiipoUMitiaries  wonid  not  hive  iho-^ght  aU 
hi'<iotisui.r;iii  neci'ssiu'v  to  Iraunsictions  for«ei{rn  to  this  iiegc 
nation,  relaliiit;-  to  llie  U.  Slalcs,  and  other  iiidf pendent 
nations,  and  not  Knilahle  for  discussion  between  the  Uniled 
Sl'.ites  and  Great- Britain.  The  observation  made  with 
respect  I <»  Louisiana  is  tht^  more  extraordinary,  as  the  ces- 
sion  oi  that  province  to  tiie  U.  States  was,  at  the  time,  com- 
nuinicaled  tu  ihe  Briiish  i^overnment,  who  expressed  their 
entire  satist'uctioii  with  it,  and  has  subst-qiieiitly  leceived 
the  solemn  sanclion  of  Spam  hn'self.  The  underMgned 
will  fuilhor  say,  tliat  wh«;nevprthe  transactions  of  the  U. 
Slates,  in  re'.ation  to  the  boundaries  of  Louisiana  an('  Flor- 
ida, shall  be  a  proper  subject  of  discussion,  they  wid  he 
found  not  orJy  susceptible  of  complete  jiistitieation,  but 
will  demonstrate  the  moileration  and  forbearance  of  the 
American  jjovernment,  and  their  uudevialiug  respect  for 
the  rights  -d"  tht-ir  neighbors. 

The  undersigned  are  far  from  assuming  the  exclusive 
right  to  decide,  what  is,  or  is  not,  a  subject  of  uncertainly 
and  dispute,  with  regard  to  the  boundary  of  the  District  of 
Maine.  But  until  tiie  Hntish  Pieni|)i3tentiaries  shall  have 
shown  in  what  respect  the  part  of  thtit  boundary  which 
would  be  afl'eclcd  by  their  proposal,  is  such  a  subject,  the 
undersigned  may  be  permitted  to  assert  that  it  is  not. 

The  treaty  of  1783,  described  the  boundary  as  *  a  line  to 
be  drawn  along  the  middle  of  the  river  St.  Croix,  from  its 
mouth  in  the  bay  of  Fundy,  to  its  stmrco,  and  from  its  source 
directly  north  to  the  highlands  which  dwide  the  rivers  that 
tall  into  the  Atlantic  ocean  froni  those  which  tall  into  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  and  thence  along  the  said  highlaiuis 
to  thenorlhwesternmost  head  of  Connecticut  river.' 

Doubts  having  arisen  as  to  the  St.  Croix,  designatedVm 
the  treaty  of  1783,  a  provision  was  made  by  that  of  1794, 
for  ascerUiining  it:  and  it  may  be  fairly  inferred,  from  the 


APrRNDIX. 


345 


limilation  of  the  arlirle  to  ihul  so\e  oltjt'ct,  that  rvt  n  in 
tliejti(l(^meiil  (il'Ci.  Hrilniii,  no  utli«>r  mii  jcct  of  cuitlruvirsy 
exiNted  ill  n  iMioii  to  tlic  exti'iiNioo  o(  Uw  bouiidur)  line 
from  the  source  of  lliul  n\er.  Thiit  river  aitil  itt  sioiirce 
huvinuf  heeii  iiccor(lii-*;l\  iiHceiiuiiied,  the  underNig^ned, 
Hre  |)re|>ared  to  proj^oNe  (he  a|>|UMiiliiHiil  ot'  coiiimi.H^iion- 
ern  hy  the  two  ^ovcroinciitN,  to  extend  tiic  hne  to  the 
hi^rhlnnds  f'n"tV)riii:il>ly  to  the  Ire:* I y  of  17 H3.  The  pro- 
po.sMt,  ho\V(!V(T«  of  (he  HritiNh  Pieni|ioten(ittrieM  was  not  to 
uscerttiin,  hnl  to  vary  tho.se  hies  ui  ttnch  niaiiiier  aft  to  Ke- 
ciH'e  a  dirrrt  coniinuiiirittion  helvvcen  (^iic'ie(;  ami  Hali- 
fax ;  an  alteralioii  hIucIi  eould  not  he  ttiV'c'tcd  without  a 
cession  hy  (he  (T.  HtalcN  to  Ci  ikit;iiii  ot  all  that  portion 
of  the  state  of  iMaNsai'laiNt'lts  iiilervennig;  helweeu  the  pro- 
vince of  Nes^  BruiiMWick  and  Qtiehec,  although  nnques- 
tionahly  inchvted  within  (he  boundary  lines  Hxed  by  that 
(retily.  Whether  it  was  contemplated  on  the  pari  of  G. 
Britain  to  ohtaiii  (he  cession,  with  or  without  an  equiva- 
lent in  frontier  or  otherwise,  the  undersigned,  in  stating 
that  they  were  not  instructed  or  iiiilhorised  to  treat  on  the 
subject  of  cession,  have  not  declined  to  discuss  any  matter 
of  uncertainly  or  dispute  which  the  British  Plenipotentia- 
ries may  p<»int  out  to  exist,  respecting  the  boundaries  in 
that  or  in  any  other  quarter,  and  are,  therefore,  not  liable 
to  the  imputation  of  having  rendered  their  powers  on  the 
subject  nugatory  or  inadiiiissibly  partial  in  their  operation. 
The  British  Plenipotentiaries  consider  the  undersigned 
as  having  declared,  *  that  the  LJ.  Stales  will  admit  of  no 
line  of  boundary  between  their  territory  and  that  of  the 
Iixlian  nations  because  the  natural  growth  and  population 
of  the  U.  States  would  be  (hereby  arrested,'  The  under- 
signed,on  the  contrary,  e\|»ressly  stated  in  their  last  note 
*tliat  the  lands  inhabiled  by  the  Indians  were  secured  to 
them  by  boundaries,  deHned  in  amicable  treaties  between 
them  and  the  United  States :'  but  they  did  refuse  to  as- 
sign, in  a  treaty  of  peace  with  G.  Britain,  a  detinitive  and 
permanent  boundary  to  the  Indians,  living  wilhin  the  lim- 
its of  the  U.  States.  On  this  subject,  the  undersigned  have 
no  hesitation  in  avowing,  that  the  V.  States,  while  inlend- 
ing  never  to  ac<piire  lands  from  the  Indians  otherwise  than 
peaceably,  and  with  their  free  consent,  are  fully  determin- 
ed in  that  n>aiHKM',  ()rogrrssiveiy,  and  in  proportion  as  their 

11 


I  •; 


i 


■  ^i 


:  ('  •  I 


dtO 


APHENOIX. 


pruwitKj-pofiihilion  nin\  nqnire, lo  rrrliiini  from  Ihe  iitnie 
(»t  tintiiir,  iind  tohrini;  into  ciillivniioii,  cvurv  |Hirtioii  nt' the 
U-vrilon  contninrd  Hithin  Ihcir  tirkiioMlcn^ni  ^N»iinclarie!i. 
In  llins  priiviilitt^r  for  Ihr  An^iporl  of  millmiiH  of  civili/ed 
bcinjfM,  \\wy  will  itot  violiiti'  fiii\  dirlatu  of  lustice  or  hii- 
m:niil},  forthe\  will  not  only  ;^ivt.'to  tlit*  few  ihouNaiidsav- 
H^eN,  NralU'ri'd  over  IhHt  Urritory,  an  niiipie  t>c|uivatent  for 
fltiy  ripflit  llicy  nii)>  Hiirrenilcr,  ImiI  will  iilMays  leuve  them 
the  pOMHessioii  of  IuihIm  iiioi\'  th.in  they  cnii  cultivute,  nnd 
more  th:iii  aiUqiiiile  to  their  »iil>Misleiice,  comfort,  and  en- 
joynieiil,  hy  rulliv-ilion. 

If  this  he  a  KjMrit  of  sitrsf>">indi/ement,  the  undersized 
are  firepan  d  to  admit,  in  Ihni  HeiiNw,  its  existence;  but  they 
must  deny  that  it  aAords  the  sliirhtest  proof  of  an  in- 
tention not  to  respect  the  hoiindunes  between  them  and 
European  nations,  or  of  a  desire  to  encroach  upon  the  ter- 
riloriesof  (i.  Brits.in.  If",  in  llie  progre.ss  of  their  increas- 
ing' population,  Ihe  Aniericaii  people  must  <rrow  in  strenglh 
projortioned  to  ilieir  nnubcrs,  ||it>  nndersiufued  will  hope 
that  Ci.  Bntatii,  far  from  rcptmiio-  at  the  prosper!,  willc6:i- 
teniplale  it  wilh  satisfarlion.  Tlu-y  will  not  suppose  th-it 
that  ^ovrnuneril  will  a\ow,  as  the  basis  of  llieir  policy  to- 
wards the  U.  Smiles,  the  s>»ten)  of  arrestiuir  their  natural 
growth  within  iheir  own  territories,  for  (he  sake  of  pro 
«ervi:ga  perpetual  desert  for  savaires.  ll  G.  Britain  has 
made  sacribci'S  to  give  repose  to  the  ci\ili/ed  world  iu 
E;irope,  no  sacriHee  is  irrpiired  Irom  her  by  the  U.  Stales 
to  coi»;j)lele  :he  -Aork  oi  j^t-ueral  pacihealion.  Thisnego- 
ciatioii  at  U  ast  evinces,  on  their  part,  no  disposition  to 
claim  any  other  right,  than  ihal  of  presei'ving  their  inde- 
pendence entire,  ai  d  of  governing  their  own  territories 
without  foreign  Jiitenereiiee.  '      '  '     '  f  u 

Of  tlie  two  proctamutions,  purported  copies  of  which  the 
British  Plenipotentiaries  have  thought  pro|)er  to  enclose 
^Vlth  their  last  note,  the  undersigned  might  content  iheni- 
seives  with  remarking,  that  neither  of  them  is  the  act  ot 
the  Auirncan  government.  They  are  enabled  however  to 
add,  with  perfect  contidence,  that  neither  of  them  was 
authorised  or  approved  by  that  government.  Tlie  under- 
signed are  not  disposed  to  consider  as  the  act  of  the  firitihh 
guvernment,  the  proclumalion  of  Admiral  Cochrane,  here- 
with enclosed,  exciting  a  portion  of  the  population  of  the 


APl'CNDIX. 


347 


V'l 


(J.  {^Inltm,  uikUt  lite  proiivMC  of  niilllary  employment,  or 
of  free  ttcUleiiiciil  iii  llie  WtHi-lmlLH,  lo  iritictifry  aiul  re- 
bellion. Tile  iiuilei'Miuiu-d  vt- r>  <.iiii  t>rf ly  rfi{rtl  lo  lie 
(ibligeiito  Nay,  that  aiiirrcsislihit  iiiai>Mof  evicleitce,  (oitNiNt- 
inK  |iriiici|mlly  ot  llie  C(*rrt's|<iMiUtitCL'of  lirilitili  oflirrrH  :u)(l 
ogeiils,  part  only  uf  ^%liicli  Iihh  ulrcadv  Ucii  puMislieU  in 
America,  e>talili!the.s  lM.'\oiui  all  raiiutial  doubt,  the  fact, 
thai  a  coiiNtant  M^Mt-iit  of  excilt'iiitnt  tu  those  hoslililies 
wan  piirKtU'il  by  the  Drilish  ti'ail«  m  ami  a^eiil.s,  \tho  had  ac- 
ceHstothe  Indians, not  oul}  >»iUu>ut  lieiii(;- diHcounlenanc- 
ed,  but  with  fivquenl  encoura^c-meiil  by  the  British  au- 
thorities; and  that  it  tlh-y  ever  disMiadid  the  Ind.ans  from 
commenciiii^hotitil.t.cs,  il  wis  0!d\  Uy  nr}i;ini>;  llu  n  ,  a^  in 
prudence,  to  siis|)end  tlieir  attacks,  «  nlilG.  Jintain  should 
recog^nize  them  as  her  allies  in  the  Mar. 

When,  iu  the conterence  ol'lht-  9th  nit.  the  nndei'Hi&^ned 
invited  diKCUMsioii  upon  the  pi'upos;d  <  '  lndi>'ti  >iacili<'ati«'i) 
and  buundary,  an  uell  as  Ujon  all  the  subjects  preset  «^d  by 
the  British  Plenipoleuttares  for  discussiun,  they  i  .|  ressly 
stated  their  motives  lo  be,  1st,  to  a^Cfrlail>  by  dtscussimi 
whether  an  article  on  ihe  subject  could  be  Vuri^ied  lo  which 
they  could  subscribe,  and  which  uuuld  be  s.ilisfaclory  to 
the  Brilisih  PlenipulenUaries  ;  and  2dly,  liiat  if  no  such  ar- 
ticle could  be  loimed,  the  American  ]^overnnient  nii<>hlbe 
informed  of  llie  views  of  G.  Britain  upon  thai  point,  and 
the  British  government  of  the  objections  oh  lite  part  of  the 
U.  Stated,  to  any  such  arrangement.  The  undersij^ned 
have,  in  fact,  already  proposed  no  less  than  three  articles 
on  the  subject,  all  of  which  ihey  view  as  better  calculated 
to  secure  ^leace  and  tranquility  io  the  Indians,  than  any 
one  of  the  proposals  for  that  pc^ose,  made  by  the  British 
Plenipotentiaries. 

The  undersigned  had  repealed  their  assurances  to  the 
British  Pienipoleiitiaries,  thai  peace,  so  far  as  it  depended 
on  the  U.  States,  would  iinniediately  follow  a  ptMXce  with 
G.  Britain,  and  added,  tiiat  the  Indians  would  thereby  be 
reinstated  in  the  same  situation  in  which  they  stood  before 
the  commencement  of  hoslililies.  The  British  Plenipo- 
tentiaries insist,  in  their  last  note,  that  the  Indian  natiuiis 
shall  be  included  in  the  treaty  of  peace  between  G.  Britain 
and  the  U.  Stales,  and  be  restored  lo  all  the  rights,  privi- 
leges, and  territories  which  they  enjoyed  in  the  year  181 1^ 


•ji 


; ,  m 


J:.iL 


I     » 


m 


a  18 


APPKNIJIX. 


ml 


^jrcvious  to  the  ronimencemeiit  of  tlie  war,  Uy  virlneof 
the  treaty  otCircoMville,  uiul  the  treaties  Mulmequently  con- 
cluded between  (hem  ai.d  the  U.  Stated.  betiin<r  aside 
the  subject  of  boiindarv,  which  is  pres  »ted  as  for  discus- 
Nion  only,  there  is  no  apparent  difference  with  respect  to 
the  object  in  view  ;  the  pitcitication  and  tranquility  of  the 
Indiais,  and  placni<^  them  in  the  same  situation  in  which 
they  stood  before  the  war,  all  which  w  ill  be  equally  obtain- 
ed m  the  manner  proposed  by  the  undersigned,  and  the 
only  point  of  real  difference  is,  the  British  Plenipotentia- 
ries insist  that  it  should  be  done  by  including  the  Indians, 
as  alli.R  of  G.  Britain,  in  the  treaty  of  peace  between  her 
and  the  U.  States. 

The  U.  States  cannot  consent  that  Indians  residi  g  with- 
in their  boundaneis,  as  acknowledged  by  (i.  Britain,   shall 
be  included  in  the  tresitv  of  peiice,   in  any    manner    which 
will  recognize  them  as  nidependent  nations,  whom  G.Bri- 
tain, havaig   obtauted   this  recognition,   would   hereaiter, 
have  the  right  to  consider  in  ever>  respect,  as  such.     Thus 
to  rt  cognize  these  Indians   as   independent  :\nd    sovere  gu 
nations,  would  ta!:e    from  Uie    U.  Stales,  and  transfer  to 
those  Indians,  all  the  ri«rltts  of  soil  and  sovere  igntv  over  tho 
territory  which  they  inhabit;  and  this  being  accomplished 
through  the  agency  of  G  Britain,  would  place  them  tiflfeclu- 
alty  ii»d  exclusively  under  her  protection,  instead  ot    being, 
as  heretofore,  under  that  of  the  U.  Slates.     It  is   not  per- 
ceived in  what  respect  such  a  provision   would   differ   from 
an  absolute  cession  by  ihe  U.  Stales  of  the  extensive   terri- 
tory in  question. 
■  The  British  Plenipotentiaries  have  repeated  the  assertion, 
that  the  treaty  by  which  the  Indians  placed  themselves  un- 
der the  protection  of  the  U.  Stales,   was  abrogated  by    the 
war  ;  and  thence  mfer,  that  they  are  no  longer  to  be  con- 
sidered as  under  the  protection  of  the  U.    Stales,    whatever 
niay  be  the  import  of  the  term  ;  and  that  the  right  of  G.  Bri- 
tain to  interfere  in  their  behalf  in  the  negoeialion  of   peace, 
can  only  be  denied  on  the  ground  that  they  are  regarded  as 
subjects.     In  point  of  fact,  several  of  the  tribes,  parties  to 
the  treaty  of  Greenville,  have  constantly  been,  and  still  are, 
at  peace  with  the  U.  Stales.     Whether  that  treaty    be,  or 
be  not  abrogated,  is  a    question    not  necessary  to  be   now 
discussed.     The  ritjbt  of  the  U.  States  to  the  protection  of 


APPENDIX. 


3*«* 


llie  Intlinns  within  tti' ir  boundaries,  was  not  acquired  by 
lliiit  ireatv  ;  it  waH  u  necessary  ruiisequence  oH  the  <»over« 
eignty  and  independence  of  the  U.  fSlate«.  Previous  to 
that  time  the  Indians  hving  within  theKain£  territory,  were 
under  the  protection  ot'hi!»  Britannic  majesty,  as  iU  sover- 
eign. The  undersigned  may  refer  the  Briti>h  Plenipu- 
tenlmries  to  ail  the  acts  v-'  their  own  government,  rehitive 
to  the  subject,  for  proof,  that  it  has  alwa3s  considered  this 
right  of  protection  as  one  of  the  ri<rhts  of  sovereignty,  which 
it  needed  no  Indian  treaty  to  confer,  and  which  the  abroga- 
tion oi  no  Indian  treaty  coulu  divest.  They  will  particular- 
ly  bring  to  their  recollection,  that  when  a  similar  proposi- 
tion of  considering  Indian  tribes  as  inde|)endenl  nations,  to 
serve  as  a  barrier  between  the  French  and  English  territo- 
ries, was  made  by  France  to  England,  it  was  immediately 
rejected,  by  a  minister  to  whom  the  British  nation  is  accus- 
tomed to  look  back  with  veneration,  and  rejected  on  the  ex- 
press ground,  that  the  king  would  not  renounce  his  right  to 
protection  over  the  Indians  within  his  dommious.  But 
whatever  the  relation  of  the  Indians  to  the  U.  States  may 
be,  and  whether  under  their  protection  or  not,  G.  Britain 
having  by  the  treaty  of  1783,  recognized  the  sovereignty  of 
the  U.  States,  and  agreed  to  certaiii  limits  as  their  bounda- 
ries, has  no  right  to  consider  any  persons  or  cominunities» 
whether  Indians,  or  others,  residing  within  those  bounda- 
ries, as  nations  independent  of  the  tj.  States. 

The  U.  States  claim  of  right,  with  respect  to  all  Euro- 
pean uations,  and  particularly  with  respect  to  G.  Britain, 
the  entire  sovereignty  over  the  whole  territory,  and  all  the 
persons  embraced  within  the  boundaries  of  their  dominions. 
G.  Britain  has  no  right  to  take  cognizance  of  the  relations 
subsisting  between  the  several  communities  or  persons  liv- 
ing therein.  Tiiey  form  as  to  her,  only  parts  of  the  domin- 
ions of  the  U.  States,  and  it  is  altogether  immaterial, 
whether,  or  how  far,  under  their  political  institutions  and 
policy,  these  communities  or  persons  are  independent  states, 
allies,  or  subjects.  With  rf^spectto  her  and  all  other  for- 
eign nations,  they  are  parts  of  a  whole,  of  which  the  U. 
Slates  are  the  sole  and  absolute  sovereigns. 

The  allegation  of  the  British  Plenipotentiaries,  that  it  is 
inconsistent  with  the  practice  or  principles  of  G.  Britain  to 
abandon  in  her  negociations  for  fieace,  those  who  have  co- 


'I 


J 


i!   ! 


Iil..i  > 


S6% 


APPENDIX. 


.i  1 1 


I         ! 


1        . 


i|. 


'  1  *'.!-' 


h:- 


oi^rated  with  her  in  war,  in  nol  applicable  lo  the  Indians, 
bill  on  the  erroneouH  asMimption  of  Iheir  inde|>eu(ience, 
^hich,  so  fur  as  »he  is  roncerned  han  been  fully  itisproved. 
And  althougfh  no  power  from  thexe  tribes  to  the  Briti.sli 
government  to  treat  in  their  behalf,  wonld  for  the  same  rea- 
son be  admitted  by  the  nndersigned,  they  may  nevertheless 
observe,  that  the  British  Piempoteiitiaries  havini^:  produced 
no  such  powers,  havin«r  no  authority  to  bind  the  Indians,  to 
en^a^  for  their  assent  to  the  pacification,  or  to  secure  the 
continuance  of  peaoe  on  their  part  whilst  speakiiii^r  of  them 
as  allies,  do  really  propose  to  treat  tor  ihem  not  as  if  they 
were  independent  nations,  but  as  if  tliey  were  the  subjects  uf 
G.  Britain.    '  '(Lif  tii;:'v.':i -^'vtri^lj'rti!  ..•.*  m  ,, 

The  undersigtted  so  far  from  asking  that,  in  relation  to 
the  Indians,  G.  Britain  should  pursue  a  course  inconsistent 
with  her  former  practice  and  princif»les^onty  desire  that  she 
would  follow  her  own  example  res|)ecting  them,  in  her  for- 
mer treaties  with  other  European  nations,  and  with  the  U. 
8tates.  No  provision  tor  the  Indians  is  found  in  the  treaty 
of  1763,  bv  which  France  ceded  Canada  to  G.  Britain,  •d\- 
tliough  almost  all  the  Indians  living  within  the  territory 
ceded,  or  acknowledged  to  belong  to  G.  Britain,  had  taken 
part  with  France  in  the  war.  No  such  provision  was  insert- 
ed in  the  treaty  of  peace  of  1783,  between  G.  Britain  and 
the  U.  States,  although  almost  all  the  Indian  tribes  living 
within  the  territory  recognized  by  the  treaty  to  betbng  to 
the  U.  Skates,  had  during  the  war,  co-operated  with  G.  Bri- 
tain, and  might  have  been  considered  as  her  allies  more  just- 
ly than  on  the  present  occasion.  Ho  far  as  concerns  the  re- 
lations between  G.  Britain  and  the  U.  States,  these  Indians 
can  be  treated  for  only  on  the  principles  by  which  amnesties 
are  stipulated  in  favor  of  disafi'ected  persons,  who,  in  times 
of  war  and  invasion,  co-operate  with  the  enemy  of  the  na- 
tion  to  which  they  belong.  To  go  as  far  as  possible  in  se- 
curing the  benefit  of  the  peace  lolhe  Indians,  now  the  only 
object  professed  by  the  British  gx)veriiment  in  their  present 
sine  qua  Mon,  the  undersigned  oH'er  a  stipulation  in  general 
terms,  that  no  person  or  persons,  whether  subjects,  citizen«), 
or  Indians,  residing  within  the  dominionsof  either  party, shall 
be  molested  or  annoyed,  either  in  persons  or  their  property, 
for  any  part  they  may  have  taken  in  the  war  between  the  U. 
States  and  G.  Britain  ;  but  shall  retain  all  the  rights,  privi- 


*v 


APPENDIX. 


35t 


le^^es  and  posnesiiionii,  which  Ihey  resperlivcly  had  ut  Ihe 
cominencenitiit  ut'  the  war  ;  liiev,  uii  llie.r  purt  dtfiiittaiiin^ 
iheiiiseivf'N  peuceuhlv,  and  codl'uriuahiy  to  their  duties  to 
the  respeclivfi  |;rovt;riinient». — This  the  niideiMigned  have 
no  doubt  will  eB'tcluall)  secure  to  the  Indians  jh. ace, if  ihey 
themselves  wiU  observe  it,  and  they  wdi  luU  suppose  that 
G.  Britain  would  wish  Iheui  included  in  the  peace  but  up* 
on  that  condition.  ;^'dl    ft:   itu- 

"i'he  undersi^rntd  have  never  intimated  that  their  govern- 
ment had  not  furnished  tluut  with  any  lustmctionH  since  Jan- 
uary last.  On  the  contrary,  they  distinctly  tuld  the  British 
Plenipotentiaries  in  cont'eience,  though  it  appears  to  have 
escaped  their  recollection,  that  instructions  had  been  re- 
ceived  by  the  undersigned,  dated  at  the  close  of  the  mouth 
of  June.  The  undersigned  will  now  add,  that  those  in- 
structions were  drawn  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  gener- 
al paciiication  in  Europe,  and  with  so  liberal  a  considera- 
tion of  its  necessary  bearing  upon  all  the  differences  that 
had  l>een  until  then  subsisting  between  G.  Britain  and  the 
U.  States,  that  the  undersi;>'ned  cannot  doubt  that  peace 
would  long  since  have  been  coacluded,  had  not  an  insu- 
perable bar  against  it  been  raised  by  the  new  and  unprece- 
dented demands  of  the  Briiish  government. 

With  respect  to  the  proposition  vchichthe  British  Pleni- 
potentiaries inform  them  lliey  will  be  prepared  to  make,  in 
relation  to  the  Canadian  boundaries,  w  hich  appears  to  them 
so  entirety  founded  on  principles  of  moderation  and  justice, 
but  the  nature  of  which  they  llniikpro|:er  at  present  to  with- 
hold, the  undersigned  can  only  pledge  themselves  to  meet 
any  proposition  from  the  British  Plenipotentiaries,  character- 
ized by  moderation  and  justi  ce,  not  only  with  a  perfect  re- 
ciprocity of  those  sentiments,  but  with  a  sincere  and  earnest 
desire  te  contribute  to  the  restoration  of  peace,  by  every 
compliance  with  the  wishes  of  G.  Britain,  compatible  with 
their  duty  to  their  country. 

The  undersigned  have  the  honor  of  tendering  to  the 
British  Plenipotentiaries,  the  renewed  assurance  of  their 
high  consideration. 


J.  a  ADAMS, 
J.  A.  BAYAUD, 
H.  CLAY, 


< 


JON  A.  RUSSELL, 
A.  GALLATliS.... 


i»» 


l» 


*/ 


.^i  it- 


352 


APPKNDIX. 


r 


I  if. 


The  British  lo  the  American  Cunimissionrrs. 

f'Hf:xT,  Oct.  8,  IftU. 
'    The  undersigned  have  the  honor  to  acknuwiedp^e  thn 
receipt  of  Ihe  note  of  the  Plenipolenliaries  of  the  IT.  States, 
dated  on  the  29  ult. 

As  the  continuance  of  the  neg-ociation  txcUisively  de- 
pends upon  the  question  relating  to  the  pacitication  and 
rights  i.  ihe  Indian  nations  the  undersigned  are  unwiMino' 
to  extf  u;  vheir  observations  to  the  other  subjects  brotight 
forwt  1  .n  the  note  of  the  American  Plenipotentiaries, 
further  than  may  be  required  for  necessary  ex|)lanation. 

li  adverting  for  this  purpose  to  the  acquisition  of  Louis- 
iana, the  undersiirned  must  observe,  that  the  uistrument  by 
which  the  consent  of  tiis  Catholic  majesty  is  altedged  to 
have  been  given  to  the  cesHion  of  it,  has  never  been  made 
pubiic.  His  Catholic  majesty  was  no  party  to  the  treaty 
by  which  the  cession  was  made,  and  if  any  sanction  has 
been  subsequently  obtained  from  him,  it  must  have  been, 
like  other  coleniporaneous  acts  of  .that  monarch,  iuvolu.i- 
tary,  and  as  such  cannot  alter  the  character  of  the  trans- 
action. The  Marquis  of  Yrujo,  the  mniister  of  his  Catho- 
lic majesty  at  Washington,  ui  a  letter  addressed  to  the 
President  of  the  V.  States,  formaily  protested  against  the 
cehsioh,  and  the  right  ol  France  to  make  it.  Yet,  in  the 
face  of  this  protestation,  so  strongly  evincing  the  decided 
opinion  of  Spain  as  to  the  illegality  of  the  proceeding,  the 
President  of  llie  U.  States  ratified  the  treaty.  Can  it  bo 
contended  that  the  annexation  of  Louisiana,  under  such  cir- 
cumstances, did  not  mark  a  spirit  of  territorial  aggrandize- 
ment ? 

-  His  Britaunic  majesty  did  certianly  express  satisfaction 
when  the  American  government  comuutnicated  the  event, 
thatLouisiana,  a  valuable  coiony  in  the  possession  of  France, 
with  whom  the  war  had  just  been  renewed,  instead  of  re- 
maining in  the  hands  of  his  enemy,  had  been  ceded  to  the 
U.  States,  at  that  time  professing  the  most  friendly  dispo- 
sition towards  G.  Britain,  and  an  inl  ntinn  of  providing 
for  her  interest  in  the  acquisition.  But  the  conditions  un- 
der which  France  had  acquired  Louisii\na  from  Spain, 
were  not  communicated  ;  the  refusal  of  Spain  to  constMil 
to  its  alienation  was  not  known  ;  the  protest  ot  her  embas- 
sador hud  not  been  made,  and  many  other  circumstanc(fs 


APPnNDIX. 


a5:i 


.ilteiidmjr  thelraiisaclioii,  on  wlncli  it  is  now  ummrcsjiary 
t«»  tlii^k'.  wfn*,  iis  ilieie  i.-i  oood  rcusiuii  lo  believe,  iudu.>lrt- 
ou>  y  cotict'alf«l.       •   i  », 

The  proDlolM  sj)irii  of  ji^rfrramli/cnienl,  wh  ch  ihc  un- 
ilersi|^iied  h  ul  iletliiced  tVum  ihe  lioslile  sei  lire  of  u  great 
pari  of  the  FioiKlas,  mi  ler  ll»e  iiio.>l  t'rivoloiis  preteiiccv, 
remains  uiiteliiled  >  and  llie  uiidersi^i'^d  are  cciviiiced 
that  the  occasion  und  <;;)'euuistiihces  under  which  thai  un- 
wuiranlahle  act  of  ngifiess.on  took  iiUue,  have  given  rise 
throughont  Ciii'o|te  lo  bitl  Oae  MentiDteiit  hh  lo  the  character 
ot  ihc  transaction. 

After   tlie   previous  comiuunication    which  the  under- 
"ifrned  have  had  the   honor  t)f  receiving   from   tlie  Aiueri- 
can  Pienipotenliaries,  they  coulii  not  but  fcei  much  8ur,riz- 
ed  at  the  inforaialion  contained  in  their  lant  note  of    their 
having  received  instructions  dated  subsequently  to  Janu- 
ary, 1814.     The  undersigned  have  no  recollection   vvl.at- 
ever  of  die  Aniericau  Pieni|jotentiaries  having  coaimunicat- 
ed  lo  tliem)  either  collectively,  or  mdividual!v  at  p.  confer- 
ence or  otherwise,  the  receipt  of  inslructions  from  the  gov- 
eriiiueitt  of  the  U  Stales  dated  at  ttte  close  of  the  month  of 
June,  and  they  must  remind  ihe  American  P.enipotentia- 
ries  that  their  note  oi  the  9th  ult.  distinctly   .•dated  that  the 
iu'dructions  of  January,  1814,  were  those  under  which  they 
were  acting.     It  therefore,  the  AmeriraM  Plenipotentiaries 
received  instructions  drawn  up  at  the  close  of  the  month  of 
.lune,  with  a  liberal  consideration  of  the  late  e\entsiii  Eu- 
ropt,  lh»  :i!iUers*giu-«i  ha\e  a  right  lo  complain,  that  while 
til'.  Aniencan  g<>verninentjuslly  considered  these  events  as 
havin;^  a  necessary  bearing  on  the  existing  ditierences  be- 
tween the   two  countries, the  American  Pienipotentiaries 
^;hould   nevertheless  have   preleried  acting  under  instruc- 
tions, which,  from  iheir  date,  must  have   been  without  the 
contemplation  of  such  events.  '•  '\  * 

The  British  government  never  required  lliat  all  that  por- 
tion of  the  slate  ot  Massachusetts  intervening  between  the 
proviitce  of  New  Brunswick  and  Quebec,  should  be  ceded 
to  G.  Britain,  but  only  that  small  portion  of  unsettled  coun- 
try vvliuh  interrupts  the  communication  between  Halifax 
ai.d  Q.Mei)ec,  there  heiiig  much  doubt  whether  it  noes  not 
already  l)eloiio  to  (i.  Bniain.  •  ^^    ;  "  T  ?. 


■'f        ,>!*•>. 'id 


4^ 


•■!■ 


/^;-( 


;<'  it 


_.-4^0^^ 


i'' 


! 


't 


ri 


>■:.  t 


Nfe^ 


iM.. 


*:m. 


!  Jt 


If  ^r 


I  1:1 


i'd 


351 


AFPK.NDIX. 


Tlif  uii.iersignetl  are  at n  loss  to  iiiulersluiul  how  \'\c(' 
A'imiral  (.  oi'hrane'iiproclaiiiatioii  illuslnitt'N  p.::\'' to|iic  con- 
ncrled  uitli  llie  present  ne^nciation.or  bears  npon  the  con- 
rhiMun  Mhich  they  contended  was  to  be  drawn  from  the 
two  proriamations  ollhe  American  (untiais.  These  pro- 
c!amatioii>  distinctly  avowiiig  the  iutenUon  cf  {he  Ameri- 
can ixoveriHunl  permanently  to  anncA  the  Cunadas  to  the 
U.  ^'.aUs,  wyre  adduced  not  as  a  mailer  o*'compi  liai  but 
8:ropiy  for  1  he  purpose »>f  proving'  \vliat  had  bet.n  d',-  jed  as 
a  iact,  VIZ.  ihat  such  htKl  been  the  dc  'iared  intention  of  the 
Ann  rican  govrrnmenl. 

The  nn<l(T8  ^ned  observe,  that  although  the  Arrf'^rican 
P.enipotenliaries  have  taken  M\nm  ihemselves  i^enerully  to 
<U'i»y  that  the  piociamations  ^eve  authnrixfd  or  approved 
by  their  govtrHnient,  without  seating  in  wivil  mode  that 
di«j4pj>ro<tation  was  expressed,  yet  they  avoid  stating  that 
'die  f  Mrt  of  H'.ose  proclamations  containing  the  declaration  in 
qa^  .Mioii,  had  not  been  so  authorized  or  approved.  It  is  in- 
ci«  V  «i  tnipH.s8ible  to  imagine,  that  if  the  Anurican  government 
h<id  intiin.ited  any  disapprolalion  of  that  part  of  General 
Hull's  proclamation,  the  same  declaration  would  have  been 
as  confidently  repeated  tViur  months  after  by  General  Smyth. 

His  majesty's  government  have  other  and  ample  mean!!; 
of  knowing  that  the  conquest  of  the  Canadas  and  their  an- 
nexation to  the  U.  States  was  the  object  and  jMjIicy  of  the 
American  government.  For  the  present  the  undersigned 
will  co»  '.ent  themselves  with  referring  to  the  remonstrance 
of  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts,  in  Juue^  18)3,  in 
which  this  intention  is  announced  as  matter  of  notoriety. 

The  undersigned  deny  that  the  American  government 
had  proved,  or  can  prove,  that  previous  to  the  deciaralion  of 
war  l)y  the  U.  Slates,  persons  authorized  by  the  British 
government  endeavored  to  excite  the  Indian  nations  against 
thi  U.  States,  or  that  ^inleavors  of  that  kind,  if  made  by 
private  persons,  (v\hich  the  undersigned  have  no  reason 
to  believe)  e\er  received  the  sanction  of  his  majesty's  gov- 
ernment. 

The  American  Plenipotentiaries  jiave  not  denied  that 
the  Indian  nations  had  been  erjgaged  in  war  with  the 
U.  States,  before  the  war  with  G.  Britain  had  commenced, 
and  they  have  reluctantly  confessed  that  so  far  from  his 
majesty  having  induced  the  Indian  nations  to  begin  \\k 
war,  as  charged  against  G.  Britain  iuthe  notes  of  the  'iHh 


APPENDIX. 


8.V> 


An^.  and  OlIiiiU.  ihe  Hritish  i!;overiiinciit  nrlnaily  exerted 
llu;ir  endeavors  lo  di^isuade  the  Indian  nations  from  coiii- 
inencin^'  it. 

As  to  the  unworthy  motive  assigMud  by  tl;e  American 
Fleui|iotentiaries  to  this  inlert'trence  so  auiicahlv  nnide  on 
tliepart  o'i  (j.  Jiritain,  its  utter  iiiiprolmbdity  is  sutliciently 
apparent  from  considering  by  which  party  the  war  was  fie* 
cbred.  l^he  undersig'ncd,  therefore,  can  only  consider  it 
ns  an  additional  indication  of  that  hostile  disposition,  which 
ha?i  led  to  the  pr^^ent  uidiappy  war  between  the  two  roini- 
tries.  So  long  as  that  disposition  continues,  it  cannot  but 
render  any  ttlorlon  the  part  of  G.  Britain  to  terminate  tins 
contest  utterly  unavailintf.  ,   ; 

The  American  Plenipotentinries  appear  unprepared  to 
state  the  precise  ground  upon  which  they  resist  the  ri«;ht  of 
his  Majesty  to  negociate  uith  the  U.  States  on  behalf  of 
ihe  Indian  nations,  whose  co-operation  in  the  war  his  ma- 
jesty has  found  it  expedient  to  accept. 

The  treaty  of  Greenville,  to  the  words,  stipulations,  and 
spirit  of  which  the  undersigned  have  so  fiequently  appeal- 
ed, and  all  the  treaties  prevuusly  and  subsequently  made, 
oetwecn  the  U.  States  and  the  Indian  nuiiuns,  shew,  be- 
yond the  possibility  of  doubt,  that  the  U.  States  have  bet  n 
in  the  habit  of  treating  with  these  tribes  as  independent  i na- 
tions, capable  of  maintaining  the  relations  of  peace  and 
war,  and  exercising  territorial  rights. 

If  this  be  so,  it  will  be  difficult  to  point  out  the  peculiar 
circumstances  in  the  condition  of  those  nations,  which 
should  either  exclude  them  from  a  treaty  of  general  pacifi- 
cation, or  prevent  G.  Britain,  with  whom  they  ha\e  co-oi'e- 
rated  as  allies  in  the  war,  from  proposing  stipulations  in 
their  behalf  at  the  peace.  IJnles/i  the  Amencaii  Pienipo- 
tentiaries  are  prepared  to  maintain  what  ihey  have  in  eil'ect 
advanced,  that  although  the  I  dian  nations  may  be  inde- 
pendent in  their  relations  with  the  U.  States,  yt  t  tiie  cir- 
cumstance of  living  within  the  boundary  of  the  IT.  Slates 
disables  them  from  forming  such  conditions  of  alliance 
with  a  foreign  power,  as  shall  enlille  that  power  to  nego- 
ciate for  them  in  a  treaty  of  peace.  i 

I'he  principle  upon  which  this  proposition  is  founded, 
was  advanced,  but  successfully  resisted  so  far  back  as  the 
treaty  of  Munster.     An  allempt  was  then  made  lo  preclude 


.ISi 


I 


.  *.r 


ii! 


Aiki 


APPKNDIX. 


f     !    ■ 


Franro  from  necfocialiner  in  Iwhalf  of  ccrlam  nlMen  and  nl- 
ies  ill  G"rm  -ny,  who  Iia<l  ro-operaleii  williher  in  lli<?  wmp, 
becniiNe  althoiicfii  those  Htjitesaiui  cilicH  miu^hl  be  consifh  r- 
ed  as  in(ie|>pti<lciiii  f<ir  certain  jMirposes,  >et  l)e:njf  «ill m 
the  bniindury  of  the  Gtrinan  empire,  they  oiijjht  not  to  le 
nl'ou^edto  become  parties  in  ihe  general  p-.iciHration  \v\\U 
the  emperor  of  ([Jermany,  nor  oiiiiht  F»;itice  to  he  pernnU 
ted  in  that  nejjociation  to  mix  their  rights  and  interests  with 
her  own. 

The  American  Plenipotentiaries  probably  aware  that  tlio 
notion  of  such  :i  qnaliHed   independiMice,  lor  crrtain   pnr- 
poses,  and  not  for  oth<  rs,  could   not  be   maintained,  either 
by  argument  or  preced<id,  have  been  compelled  to  advanre 
the  novel  and  alarming'  pretension,   that  all  the  Indian  na- 
tions livings  wilhiii  the  boundary  of  the  U  Slates,  mnsf  m 
effect,  be  considered  as  their  snbioets,  and,  conseqnently, 
if  eng-ag^ed  in  war  ajjainst  the  IT.  5?'[  ites,  become  liable  to  he 
treated  us  rebels,  or  disati'ecled  persons.      They  have  fur- 
ther stated,  that  all  the  territory  which  these  Indian  nations 
occupy,  is  at  the  disposal  ot  the  U.  Slates,  that  the  United 
Slates  have  a  ng'hl  to  dispossess  tliein  of  it :  to  esercise  that 
rio^hl,  whenever  their   (olicy  or  interest  may  seem  to  thcni 
to  'ecjuire  it :  and  to  confine  them  to  such  spots  as  may  he; 
selected,  not  bv  I  idian  Jiaiions,  bnl  by  the  American  •ji'ov- 
ernment.     Prelensio  .s  such  as  these  G.    Brttain  can  never 
nco^UiZe  ;  however  reluctant  his  royal  highness,  the  Prince 
Riijrent  may  betocoMtinuc  Ilie  vva",  lh;it  evil  must  be  pre- 
ferred, if  peace  can  only  bcobtiined  on  such  conditions. 

To  su.iport  those  pretensions,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
show,  th  lithe  present  conduct  ofG.  Britain  is  incoiisistcMt 
With  her  former  practice  a  d  principles,  the  American 
plenipotentiaries  have  referred  to  Ihe  treaty  of  peace  oC 
1783,  to  that  of  17H3,  and  to  the  nei^ociations  of  1761,  din- 
in^;  the  a<lministration  of  a  minister,  whom  the  American 
Plenipotentiaries  have  stated,  and  truly  stated,  to  be  high 
in  the  estimation  of  his  country. 

The  omissions  to  provide  in  the  tienly  of  1780,  for  the 
pacification  of  the  Indian  nations,  which  were  to  l)e  includ- 
ed within  the  proposed  boundary  of  the  U.  Stales,  cannot 
preclude  G.  Britain  from  now  negociating- in  behalf  of  suelj 
tribes  or  nations,  unless  it  be  assumed,  that  the  occasional 
non-exck'cise  of  a  riffht  is  an  abandonment  of  it.      Nor  can 


APprxDrc. 


;W7 


m 


\hc  rij^hl  (if  protcrlion,  wliirli  the  Anifricun  Pl«'nip4>lefi- 
ti  '»M^  liint-  I II It'll  inslioumjj  to  have  <  verbet-n  rlHimed  hht 
li  Hivlsi  II  as  incidi'nt  lt»  soverein^nly,  navf  been  trannfrr- 
ivil  by  (i.  Hnliiiii  lo  5lu'  l^  Sfalps,  hy  a  treaty,  to  which  the 
li  (liiiii  nnlioiis  wvvv  not  pniliis. 

In  llu'  pciirt'  o(  17(J.J,  it  was  nol  nrcessnry  for  (I.  Britain 
to  treat  for  the  panficalion  ot  the  Indian  nations,  and  th^ 
Ilia  nicnaijt' of  tht*ir  rijlits  and  privileg^rs,  because  iberr 
tiad  bt^eti  no  Indian  nations  livin<r  witliotit  the  British  boun- 
daries,  ubo  had  co-o|k  rated  with  G.  Britain,  in  the  war 
ai»aiiisl  .*  rancc. 

U'.tb  lesiMTt  to  the  nejj'tciations  of  1761,  between  Grrat 
Pn  am  ad  France,,  on  which  the  American  Plenipoten- 
tiaries more  jiarlicnlarly  rely,  they  appear,  in  the  judgment 
o)  the  niu!erMi<rnei>,  to  have  much  misunderstood  the  whole 
course  of  that  ne^ocnition. 

It  IS  very  true  that  the  French  government  brought  for- 
ward, at  one  p* nod  of  the  negocialion,  a  proposition  by 
vvhn  h  a  certain  territory,  lying  between  the  dominions  of 
t)>e  two  contractin^-  parties,  was  to  have  been  allotted  to  the 
Indian  nations.  But  it  does  not  appear  that  this  formed  a 
pari  of  their  ultimatum,  and  it  is  clear,  that  Mr.  Pitt  in  his 
alls\^er,  did  not  object  lo  the  proposition.  He  oljected  in- 
(leefi  lo  the  proposed  line  of  demarkation  between  the  coun- 
tries belon^jiiij;-  to  the  two  contracting  parties,  upon  the  two 
grounds:  Isl,  tlial  the  proposed  northern  line  would  have 
given  to  France,  what  the  French  had  themselves  acknowl- 
e<lged  lo  b;^  part  of  Canada,  the  whole  of  w  hich,  as  enjoyed 
by  his  most.  Christian  majesty,  it  had  been  stipulated,  was 
to  be  ceded  entirely  to  G.  Britain  :  2dly,  that  the  southern 
part  of  the  |ir«>posed  line  of  demarkation  would  have  includ- 
ed W'thm  the  i  oiindary  of  Lonisiana,  the  Cheerokecs,  the 
Creeks,  the  Cliickasav^s,  the  Choctaws,  and  another  nation, 
who  occupied  territories  winch  had  never  been  included 
tiilhin  the  l>ouiidaries  of  that  settlement.  So  far  was  Mr. 
Pitt  from  rejectiiig,  as  alledged  by  the  American  Plenipo- 
tentiaries, the  proposition  of  considering  Indian  nations  a 
barrier,  that  at  one  period  of  the  negociation  he  complain- 
ed that  there  was  no  provision  for  such  a  barrier;  and  he 
thus  energetically  nrires  his  objections,  in  his  letter  to  Mr. 
Stanley,  the  British  Picniprlentiary  at  Paris,  dated  on  the 
20lh  or  June,  17«)1  ;   *  As  to  the  fixation  of  new  limits  lo 


[i! 


'  lir^? 


^iL 


( 


J    i 


;i.i8 


APPENDIX. 


CaiiaUii  lowanis  liic  Oliio,  it  in  cnptidiis  and  insirliout., 
thn»\vuoiU  ill  liojit',  if  ai^rteil  to,  lo  nhorleii  (lierchv  ihu  v'\. 
lent  uC  Ciiiiulii,  untl  lo  leity^llieii  the  l)oiiii(i:ii'ieM  ol  Lotiiiit- 
iansi,  and  in  tlie  view  to  est.iblisili,  whut  mtiHl  not  bt*  admit- 
ted, namely,  that  all  whicii  in  not  C.uiada  ih  IjOiiiHia>ia; 
Mrheroby  all  the  intennf^diatc  nationn  and  countries,  llic  true 
barrier  to  carh  province,  would  be^iven  up  to  France.' 

The  utiderNi)rt)ed  coutideiitly  expect,  that  the  \iii<>rican 
rieiiipotcnliarieH  will  not  a^^aiii  reproach  the  Iji^tiiiii  prov- 
ernment  with  acting  inconsistently  wilh  its  toriiier  practice 
ail  i  principles,  or  repeat  the  asserlion  made  in  ii  former 
linte,  that  adeii  lilion  of  Indian  bou  uiarv,  wilii  a  vitnv  lo  a 
neutral  barrier,  wan  a  new  and  iinpreee:ien(ed  demand  by 
any  European  power,  and  iiost  ot  all  by  G.  Britain;  lh(> 
very  instance  Kelecled  by  the  American  i'ieni|M)tintiaries, 
undeniably  proves  that  such  a  proposition  had  been  enter- 
tained both  by  G.  Britain  and  France,  and  thai  Mr.  PiU 
oil  the  part  of  G.  Britain  had  more  particularly  enforced 
it 

It  remains  only  to  notice  two  objections  which  the  Amer- 
ican Pienipoteiitiaues  have  urged  atraiiiNt  the  proposal  ot 
Indian  pa<;ificaUoit,  advanced  by  the  undersigned  ;  first, 
thal.it  IS  not  reciprocal:  .secondly,  thai  as  the  U.  States 
could  have  no  security  ihat  the  Lidian  nations  would  con- 
clude a  peace  on  ihe  terms  proposed,  the  proposition  would 
be  in  effect  unilateral. 

The  article  now  proposed  by  the  undersigned,  and  here- 
w'th  enclosed,  is  free  from  both  objections,  and  appears  to 
them  so  characterized  by  a  spirit  of  moderation  and  peace, 
that  Ihey  earnest)  \  anticipate  the  concurrence  of  the  Amer- 
ican Pienipotentiai  ies. 

In  making  a  last  effort  in  this  stage  of  the  war,  the  under- 
signed are  not  apprehensive  that  the  motives  which  have 
influenced  his  royal  highness  the  Prince  Regent,  to  direct 
a  renewal  of  the  proposition,  with  its  present  modiiications, 
can  be  misunderstood  or  misrepresented. 

Whatever  may  be  the  result  of  the  proposition  thus  offer- 
ed, the  undersigned  deliver  it  as  their  ullimalmn,  and  now 
wait  with  anxiety  the  answer  of  the  American  Plenipoten- 
tiaries, on  which  their  continuance  in  this  place  will  de- 
pend. 


•f  'i:i  '*:»' 


t  ■  ,.   ,1, 


APPRNniX. 


.1,^9 


TliA  iiii(icrhi^ii(*(l  ill  IhcmMlvmof  IbiM  o|>|iorUii)ily  (>r 
rriK'Witiif  io  ihe  Amrricait  Pi(Mii|Milriitiun('«i,  tlie  UMitiiniiire 
ol  llicir  hitfli  coiiHiUi'i'iilinn. 

(MMHIRK.  ' 

.     .         -  MKNHVCiOlTLBC  RN, 

niLLIAVI  AI3AMS. 

"The  IT.  Slrtlcn  of  Annrim  vni|fn{|^e  Io  put  an  nul,  iiiw 
iiiediati'ly  ut'tfr  the  rntifitntion  (it'tnt*  preMent  IrcHty,  to  hoM- 
iilities,  with  till  thf  IriheH  or  iintionN  of  liidinnH  i%ilh  \vh«mi 
they  may  be  Ht  war,  at  the  lime  of  Much  ratificatioii,  niul 
furthu'itji  to  rcMlore  to  xuch  tribes  or  natioiiH,  roNperliveiy, 
all  the  |)OHKf>,siiionN,  ri^^htN  and  priviUnfeN,  wlitch  they  may 
have  ntjoyed  or  been  I'lilitled  to  in  IHIl,  previous  to  such 
lioslilities:  provided  always,  that  such  tribt-s  in*  nations  shall 
agree  to  desist  from  all  hostililits  H^rainst  the  U.  Stutts  of 
America,  their  citi/A'iis  and  snltjects,  upon  the  nitificatum 
ol  the  present  treaty  heii<^  noliHtd  to  such  tribes  or  nations, 
and  shall  so  desist  U(reord«iiir|y. 

"And  his  Hritannic  majesty  eogap;es,  on  his  part,  to  put 
an  end,  immediately  after  the  ratification  oi'  the  present 
treaty,  to  hostilities,  with  all  the  tribes  or  nations  of  Indians, 
with  whom  he  may  be  at  war,  at  the  time  of  such  ratifica- 
tion«aiid  forthwith  to  restore  to  such  tribes  or  nations  res- 
pectively, all  the  possessions,  ri<rhts  and  privdeg'es,  which 
they  may  haveelljo^ed  or  been  entitled  to  in  IHl  I,  previous 
to  such  lioslilities  :  provided  always,  that  such  tril>es  or  na- 
tions shall  agree  to  desist  from  all  hostilities  aj^ainst  his  Bri- 
tannic majesty  and  his  subjects,  upon  the  ratification  of  the 
present  treaty  being'  notified  to  such  tribes  or  nations,  and 
shall  so  desist  accordingly.*'  i 

i     '    The  American  to  the  Ihilish  Commissioners,  * 

(iiiKNT,  October  13,  1814.     ' 

The  nndersiiriied  hnve  the  honor  to  acknowledire  the  re- 
ceipt of  the  iiolt  of  the  Plenipotentiaries  of  his  Britannic 
majesty,  date<l  on  the  Hth  instant. 

Satisfied  of  the  impossibility  of  peisuadin*?  the  world  that 
the  {Tovernmenl  of  the  U.  Slates  was  liable  to  any  well 
foniiiled  imputation  of  a  spirit  of  coufpiest  or  of  injustice  to- 
M'ards  other  nations,  the  undersigned,  in  aft'ordinjif  explana- 
tions on  several   ut"  the  topics  adverted  Io  by  the  Krit:sh 


iiU 


'iir 


11^ 


n 


• 


h?; 


l<  ' 


MM 


Aft'KNDlX. 


PloniputenlmricH  itui-iii«(  IIiin  iic^^ocinhfu.    \t  iri:  ncltiali'il  Uy 
tht*Hole  iiKiliv*?  ol'  ntinuviiiif  crnMieum  i  oivchhioiis. 

Still  iiifltieiircd  l)v  llu*  H.iiiie  iiiolive,  lliev  will  now  u«l»l, 
t  .il  li  ilirtinio  whmlheS|iniiiNlini  iiinUm' wiiMrt'iiKi  stiMlui*; 
ai  \V:i»hni^loii>i(;iiinKltlit'  IraiisfiTol  LoiiiHian:!,  ortit  i>  nm-ic 
gi*eii  bv  hiH  pfovcriiiiieiit  for  its  cU'livtry  to  Fiamt- :  ili:it  ii 
was  ill  fiicU  (lelivt'i'i'd  a  NJiorttiini'  alU  rllial  reinonslraiM.'i  ; 
and  tint  if  the  treaty  by  which  the  IT.  States  a('<tn  red  it 
h'lii  nut  been  raliticd,  woiiUl  have  beeoine,  uif  course,  u 
French  colony.  The  inidcrNJi^ned  bci.eve  that  the evidtm-e 
of  the  asHent  of  i^jiain  to  that  trunisfer  has  been  |iroinnli;-at- 
ed.  They  neither  admit  tlie  alledj^ed  (bsabilit>  oi  di(^ 
S|>anisii  monarch,  nor  the  nderence  wliicli  tiie  Biili>»h 
Pienipolenliaries  would  seem  to  deduce  from  it;  on  Ihu 
contrary,  theaiiisent  was  voluntarily  ^iven  in  ihevear  1801, 
by  the  hame  king^  who,  about  the  same  time,  ceded  T  in- 
dad  to  (i.  Britain,  and  prior  to  the  lime  when  he  was  a^ain 
en|»aj;ed  in  war  with  her.  Tiie  cession  by  France  w  isim- 
medialely  comnmnicutcd  to  G.  Britain,  no  circumsta  ce 
aifectin^;  it,  and  then  within  the  knowledge  oi  the  U.  States, 
being  iulenlionally  concealed  from  her.  She  expresMil 
her  satisfaction  with  it;  and  if  in  any  possible  state  of  the 
case  she  would  have  had  a  right  to  quiMtion  the  Iraosaclioti, 
it  does  not  appear  to  the  undersigned  that  she  is  now  au> 
thorised  to  do  so. 

After  Nlaling,  generally,  that  the  proclamations  of  Gen- 
erals Hull  ami  Smyth  were  iieillnT  authorized  nor  a|)prov- 
ed  by  their  government,  the  undersigned  could  not  have 
expected  that  the  British  Plenipotentiaries  would  suppose 
that  their  statement  did  not  embrace  Ihe  only  part  of  tho 
proclamations  which  was  a  Niibject  of  consideration. 

The  undersigned  had,  indeed,  honed,  that  by  stating  in 
their  note  of  the  9ih  ultimo,  that  the  government  of  the  IJ. 
States,  from  the  commencement  of  the  war,  had  been  dis 
posed  to  make  peace  without  obtaining  any  cession  of  tt'hi- 
lory,  and  by  referring  to  their  knowledge  of  Ihat  disposi- 
tion, and  to  instructions  accordingly  given  from  .hil\,  18 1  J, 
to  January,  1814,  they  would  eifcclually  remove  the  ini- 
pressioti  that  the  annexation  of  Canada  lo  the  V.  States  w.is 
the  declared  object  of  tlieir  govcriunent.  Not  only  have 
the  undersigned  been  disappointed  in  this  expnctation,  bnl 
the  oidy  inference  which  the  Jiritisli  I'lrnipolenlianes  havi; 


▲mKMX. 


aci 


Uiooght  proper  to  draw  from  this  explicit  ■tateinent,  li«t 
been,  thai  eitlier  the  American  goveriioitnt  by  not  giving 
inNlructioiiM  lubM^quent  to  tlie  pucification  of  £uro|>e,  or 
the  undersigned,  by  not  acting  under  luch  uittructiont, 
(jfMve  no  proof  uf  a  Hincere  dettire  to  bring  the  urewent  rego* 
(Mationnto  a  favorable  concluMion.  The  uudemigned  did 
nut  nUnde,  in  reft>rence  to  the  alledged  intention  to  annex 
Canada  tu  lite  U.  Slatex,  to  any  iimtructiona  given  by  their 
^overnmeut  Nut»Mei|ueiilly  to  January  la«t,  becan§e,  asking 
at  thiN  lime  ior  an  uiceHMion  of  territory,  it  was  only  uf  ita 
previous  dinpoHitinn  that  it  appeared  necessary  to  produce 
uiiy  pi'uiif.  SueifuiieouM  was  ihe  inference  drawn  by  the 
British  Plenipottntiuries,  in  both  reMj>ects,  that  it  was  in  vir- 
tue ot  the  iiiNtructiotis  of  June  last,  that  the  uudersigned 
were  enabied,  in  their  note  of  the  24lh  of  Aug.  to  state,  that 
the  causes  ot  the  war  between  the  U.  States  and  G.  Britain, 
having  disappeared,  by  the  maritime  paciiication  of  Europe* 
they  had  been  authorised  to  agree  to  its  teriuination  upon 
a  mutual  restoration  uf  territory,  and  without  making  the 
couchiition  of  peace  to  depend  on  a  successful  arrangement 
of  tiiose  points  on  which  differences  had  existed. 

Consideinig  the  present  state  of  this  negociation,  the  un- 
dersigned wili  abNtain,  at  this  time  from  adduciug  any  evi- 
dence or  remarks  upon  the  iiiHuence  which  has  been  exerted 
over  the  (iidian  tribes  inhabiting  the  territor'es  of  the  U. 
States,  and  the  nature  of  those  excitements  which  had  •been 
employed  by  British  traders  and  agents. 

The  nrgiiments  and  facts  already  brought  forward  by  the 
luuiers.gned,  respecting  the  politcal  condition  of  those  tribes, 
tender  it  unnecesNary  for  them  to  make  many  observations 
on  those  of  the  British  Pienipotentianes  on  that  subject. 
The  treaties  of  1760,  and  1783,  were  those  principally  al- 
luded to  by  the  undersigned,  to  illustrate  the  practice  of 
G.  Britain.  She  did  not  admit  in  the  first,  nor  require  in 
the  last,  any  stipulations  respecting  the  Indians  who»  in  one 
case,  had  been  her  enemies,  and  in  the  other,  her  allits,  and 
who,  in  both  instances,  fell  by  the  peace  within  the  doinin- 
iuns  of  that  power  against  whom  liiey  had  been  engaged 
iq  the  preceeding  war. 

•  The  negociation  of  1761  was  quoted  for  the  purpose  of 
proving,  what  appears  to  be  fully  established  bv  the  an- 
swer of  England  to  the  ultimatum  of  France  delivered  on 

46 


h 


/" 


m 


M2 


APPENDIX. 


* 


4 


s 

1^ 

r 

i 

i 

;^. 


the  first  of  Sr()lpniber  of  Ihnl  year,  thnl  liis  Britannic  ma- 
jesty 'w  oil!d  ^(M  rpnonrue  his  right  of  pi  olectiou  over  the  In- 
<li^ir  ti»it'ion«  rp|iitf^<!to  he  wi'hiii  his  dominions  <hitl  \s  to 
MTV.  h^^KvpcM  the  Biitish  settlements  and  tlie  Mississippi^ 
^fr.  Pitt's  letltT,  cited  by  the  British  Pienipotentiancs,  far 
from  eojitradictinif  th«l  position,  goes  still  further.  It  states 
th:il  •the  fi\»tion  ofthe  new  limits  to  Cnnada,  as  proposed 
hv  Franre,  is  intended  to  shorten  the  extent  of  Canada, 
which  was  to  herfeded  to  Eii&^hmd,  aiut  to  lengthen  the 
honndanes  of  Lonistana,  which  France  was  to  keep,  and 
in  the  view  to  estahhsh  what  mnst  not  he  admitted,  namely, 
that  ail  which  is  not  Canada  is  Louisitinn,  whereby  all  the 
intermediate  nations  and  conntries,  the  true  barrier  to  each 
province,  would  be  given  up  to  France.'  This  is  precise- 
ly the  principle  uniformly  supported  by  the  undersigned,  to 
wit,  that  the  recognition  of  a  boundary  gives  up  to  the  na- 
tion, in  whose  behalf  it  is  made,  all  the  Indian  tribes  and 
countries  within  that  boundary.  It  was  on  this  principle 
lh;il  the  uridersigned  have  confidently  relied  on  the  treat'' 
of  17S3,  what  fixes  and  recognizes  the  boundary  of  the  U. 
S.  without  making  any  reservation  respecting  Indian  tribes. 
But  the  British  Pleiiipolentiari.'s,  unable  to  produce  a 
snli'lary  precedent  of  one  Etiropean  power  treating  for  the 
savages  inhabiting  within  the  dominions  of  another,  have 
been  compelled,  in  support  of  their  principle,  to  refer  to  tlie 
German  empire,  a  body  consisting  of  several  independent 
states,  recognized  as  such  by  the  whole  world,  and  seper- 
ately  maintaining  with  foreign  powers  the  relations  belong- 
ing to  such  a  condition.  Can  it  be  necessary  to  prove  thai; 
there  is  no  sorl  of  analogy  between  the  political  situation  of 
thes^  civilized  communities,  and  that  of  the  wandering 
.tribes  of  North  Auieriean  savages  ? 
*'!  In  reftring  to  what  the  British  Plenipotentiaries  repre- 
sent its  alarming  and  no\ el  pretensions,  what  G.  Britain 
can  never  recognize,  the  undersigned  might  complain  that 
these  alledged  pretensions  have  not  been  stated,  either  in 
terms  or  in  substance,  as  expressed  by  themselves.  This, 
liowever,  is  the  less  material,  as  any  further  recognition  ot 
them  by  G.  Britain  is  not  necessary  nor  required.  On  the 
otherhund,  they  can  never  adm.t  nor  recognize  the  principles 
or  pretensions  asserted  in  the  course  of  this  correspondenc*. 
by  the  British  Plenipotentiaries,  and  which,  to  them,  ap- 
pear novel  and  alarming. 


AI'PENUIX. 


a04 


^  The  arlit'Ii'  pro|>o.s<><l  by  Uie  Hriti.Hlt  Plenipotenliaritiiiy  in 
their  last  note,  not  incluilni^tlie  ludiiia  triben  as  {'arlitH  iu 
the  peace,  ami  leavinir  tlie  \J .  Stvitt's  free  lo  eflfetl  lU  object 
in  the  uiudecoiisoiiaitt  with  the  ivlutiojis  which  they  l^ixc 
coiiMlaiiHy  niaiiitaiiied  with  ihostt-  InU-s,  partaking  uUu  of 
the  nature  of  an  amnesty,  aiui  bi-)ni>  ul  the  same  tiiue  recip* 
rooal,  \s  not  babic  to  that  objection  ;  and  accoril.s  with  the 
views  uniformly  professe.)  by  the  uu(lersi«;neil,  of  placing 
these  tribes  precisely,  and  in  every  respect,  in  tlte  same  sit- 
uation as  that  in  which  they  stood  before  the  commence- 
ment > '^'hostilities.  This  article,  thus  proposm*;  only  what 
the  undersigned  have  so  often  assured  the  Brili!»h  Pleiiipo- 
tenliaries  would  necessarily  follow,  if  indeed  it  has  nut- al- 
ready, as  is  highly  probable,  preceded  a  peace  bilween  G. 
Britain  a  J  the  U.  States.  The  undersigned  agree  to,  ad- 
mit it,  iu  instance,  as  a  pruvUiunat  article,  su  jcct,  in  the 
manner  orig^inally  proposed  by  the  British  y^overt.uient,  to 
the  approbation  or  rejection  of  the  government  of  the  IJ. 
States,  which,  haviny;  given  no  instriuhons  to  the  under- 
signed on  this  point,  caunut  be  buuiid  by  any  article  they 
may  adpiit  on  the  subject.  i-jji.i,: 

It  will,  of  course,  be  understood,  that  if,  unhappily  peace 
should  not  be  the  result  of  the  present  negociatiou,  tiie  arti- 
cle thus  conditionally  agreed  to  shali  be  of  no  effect,  and 
shall  not,  in  any  future  uegociation,  be  brought  tprward  byr 
either  party,  by  way  of  argument  or  preoedent. 

This  article  having  l>een  presented, as  an  indispeusibie 
preliminarVf  and  being  now  accepted,  the  undersigned  re- 
quest the  British  Plenipotentiaries  to  commuuicate  to  them 
the  project  of  a  treaty  embracing  all  the  points  di-cmed  ma- 
terial by  G.  Britain;  the  Ukidersigned  engaging  on  their 
part  to  deliver  immediately  after,  a  counter  project  with  res- 
pect to  all  the  articles  to  which  ihey  may  not  agree,  and  on 
the  subject  deemed  material  by  the  U.  States,  and,  which 
may  be  omitted  in  the  British  projt^ct. 


m' 


■■>!%  ^ 


JOHN  a    ADAMS, 
J.  A.  BAYARD, 
R.  CLAY,       . 


JONA.  RUFSKLL, 
A.  GALLATIN. 


>  « J 


,.!  «     2Vie  Brilish  to  the  American  Commissioners. 

Ghent,, October  21,  18M. 
The  undersigned    have  had   the  honor  of  ivceuiiig  the 
note  of  the  American  Plenipotentiaries  of  the  l^th   inst 


^h 


.*, 


#     • 


ilfi 


I- 


Ifi^ 


I  ( 


:li 


■ !'  t 


SG4 


APPENDIX. 


communicatinsf  their  nrceptance  of  tlie  ;trlicie  uiiicii  tli< 
tinde* signed  li-ui  proponed  imi  tlie  stilijecl  ot'liie  puciHc:itioii 
and  ri^hU  of  the  Indian  natiotiii. 

The  undentig'nid  are  happy  in  lieino-  (ijns  relieved  from 
tlie  necessily  of  recurnnsc  to  severni  topics,  which  Ihon^h 
they  aroftein  the  coarse  of  their  disnissions,  have  only  ;ut 
incidental  connection  wilh  the  dirt'erencc  reinainini:  lo  lit. 
adjn^ed  between  the  two  coiinlries. 

With  a  view  to  this  adjustment  the  undersigned  prtfer- 
ing^  in  the  present  state  of  the  negociation  a  general  state- 
ment of  the  formal  arrangement  of  nrticles,  are  willinn-  mi 
far  to  comply  with  the  request  of  the  American  Plenipoten- 
tiaries contained  in  their  last  note,  as  to  wave  the  udvan  • 
ttfjjres  to  which  ll't-y  think  ihey  were  fairly  entitled,  of  requi 
intf  from  them  the  first  project  of  a  treaty. 

Theundersigiied  haiving  stated  at  the  first  conference  tic. 
points  upon  which  his  iimjesly's  government  considered 
the  discussions  between  the  two  countrieii  as  likely  to  turn, 
cannot  better  satisiy  the  request  of  the  American  Plenipo- 
tentiaries than  by  referring  them  to  that  contierence  for  » 
statement  of  the  points  which,  lu  the  opinion  of  his  majesty's 
government  >el  remains  to  be  iidjugted. 

With  respect  to  the  forcible  seizure  of  mariners  from  on 
board  merchant  vess  Ls  on  the  high  »eas,  and  the  right  ot 
the  kinff  of  G.  Britain  to  the  ahegiance  of  all  his  subjects, 
and  with  respect  to  the  maritime  rights  of  the  British  em> 
pire  the  undersigned  coitceive,  that  alter  the  pretensions  as- 
serted by  the  gtiVernment  of  the  U.  States,  a  more  satisfac- 
tory proof  of  tlie  conciliatory  spirit  of  his  Majesty's  govern* 
luent  cannot  b^  given  than  >o\  requiring  any  stipulation  on 
those  subjects,  which  thoiig|)  most  important  in  themselves, 
11^  longer  in  consequence  of  tl}e  ntarilime  pacification  of 
Europe,  produce  the  same  practical  results.  * 

On  the  subject  of  the  fisheries  the  undersigned  expressed 
with  so  much  frankness  at  the  conference  already  referred  to, 
the  viewsof  their  goveromtnt,  that  they  consider  any  further 
observations  on  that  topic  as  unaecessary  at  the  preseultime. 

Oil  the  question  of  the  boundary  between  the  dominions 
of  Ins  majesly  and  those  of  the  U.  Slates,  the  undersigned 
are  led  to  expect  from  the  discussion  which  this  subject  has 
aJready  undergone,  that  the  northwest  boundary  from  tin; 
lake  ol  the  Woods  to  the  Mississippi,  the  intended  arrange-; 
ment  of  189-3,  wdi  be  admitted  without  objection. 


APPENDIX 


:J05 


ave  oiilv  ;ni 


In  re««;ar<l  to  oUur  boundaries  llic  American  Pieni|»oJen- 
tiarie»  m  iheir  note  of  An;::"'*' -*^^l^»  apptaretl  in  some  raea- 
Mirt  lo  obJHrt  to  the  jtroposilioiis  tlicii  iimde  l»y  the  under- 
signed as«h«'  basis  of  Hti  possidetis.  The  undersig-ned  ar« 
M'lltiii^-  lo  treat  oiitlr.it  liasis,  sultjert  to  8iich  moditicatioii« 
ns  auitiial  eonvenieiico  may  be  foniMi  to  require,  .n.d  tliey 
trust  thatthe  Aniericuii  PicMipotenlianrs  will  shew  by  their 
leady  acceptance  of  tins  basis,  tliat  they  duly  appreciate 
the  ni«)deratioii  of  his  majesty's  t^overnmcnt  in  so  far  con- 
siilliug  the  honor  and  fair  pretensions  of  the  U.  States  as  in 
the  relative  situation  of  the  two  countries,  to  authorise  such 
a  proposition. 

The  undersigned  avail  themselves  of  this  opportunity  to 

renew  to  the  American  Plenipotentiaries,  the  assurance  of 

their  high  consideration.  iura 

.      .  GAMBIER, 

>     H.GOULBURN, 

.-t.ti ., .  ,'  u,'u     .  ■  ,...'i  ^>:t  i  ■     W.  ADAMS. 


ii>; 


l.iM 


I  ■■>. 


.i 


The  American  to  the  British  Cummissioners.  »Jj  .  j 
'     i=  (jHEKt,  Oct.  24,  1814. 

The  undersigned  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the 
vccei|>t  of  the  note  of  the  British  Plenipotentiaries  of  the 
2 1st  inst. 

Amongst  the  general  observations  which  the  undersign- 
ed, in  their  note  of  the  'i4th  Aug.  made  on  the  propositions 
then  brought  forward  on  the  partot'  'he  British  government, 
they  remarked  that  these  propositicr.^  were  founded  neith- 
er on  the  basis  of  uti  possideliSt  nor  on  that  of  status  ante 
bellum.  But  so  far  were  they  from  suggesting  the  uti  pos- 
.sidetis  as  the  basis  on  which  they  were  disposed  to  treat, 
that  in  the  same  note  they  expressly  stated  that  they  had 
been  instructed  to  conclude  a  peace  on  the  principles  of 
both  parties  restoring  whatever  territory  they  might  iiave 
taken.  The  undersigned  also  declared  in  that  note,  that 
they  had  no  authority  to  cede  any  part  ot  the  territory  of 
the  U.  States,  and  that  to  no  stipulation  to  thaleti'ect  would 
they  subscribe ;  and  in  the  note  of  the  Ulh  Sept.  after  hav- 
ing shewn  that  the  basis  of  uti  possidetis,  such  as  was  known 
to  exist  at  the  commencement  of  the  negociation,  give  no 
claim  to  his  Britannic  raajesly  to  cession  of  territory  found- 
ed upon  the  right  of  conquest,  they  added  that  even  if  the 
chances  of  war  should  i?ive  to  the  Br^tl^!l  arms  n  nr>mcntii- 


r ' 


30ti 


APPLNUIX. 


Urs. 


.   1 

ill 


4 


I    ! 


I 


ry  possession  of  other  purls  of  Ihe  Urritorv  ^'f  tlie  V.  Stat 
kiicli  eventd  would  iiul  ulU^r  their  views  wiUi  ret^aici  lo  tiic 
terms  of  peace  lowhicli  Ihey  would  (r;vc  tlieir  coiiHciit. 
•  The  uudersi^iied  can  now  only  repeat  those  declaral ions 
and  decliitt  Irealinj;^  njion  Ihe  btisis  ut  uli  |K)sMdelis,  or  uiu 
on  any  other  nrinciple  involving  a  cession  ut  anv  part  ot 
the  leirilory  4>f  the  U.  blates.  As  they  have  unitornilv 
staled,  they  can  treat  only  upon  the  pnnnple  of  inntii<tl  re- 
storation of  whatever  territory  may  have  been  taken  jty 
either  party.  Fnnn  this  prniciph-  they  <rannol  rece<U^  ami 
the  undersigned  after  the  repeated  declaratiuiis  ot  ihe  Ik]- 
tish  Pleiiipotesiti.iries,  that  li.  Britain  had  n<»  v^ew  lo  ac- 
quisition of  territory,  in  this  iieguciation,  deem  it  necessary 
to  add,  thai  the  utility  of  its  continuance  depends  on  their 
adherence  to  this  principle. 

The  Uiidersigned  having- declared  in  iheir  note  of  the  21st 
of  Aug.  that  although  instructed  and  prepared  to  enter  into 
an  amicaUle  discussion  of  all  the  putnts,  on  which  diti'er- 
ences  or  uncertainty  had  existed,  and  which  might  hereaf- 
ter tend  to  interruftt  the  harmony  of  the  two  countr.es,  they 
would  not  Diake  the  conclusion  of  tlie  peace  at  al!  depend 
upon  a  successful  result  oi  he  discussion,  and  having  since 
agreed  to  the  preliminary  li.  licle  proposed  by  the  Biiti.h 
government,  had  b«?lieved  <i\at  the  negociation  already  so 
long  protracted,  could  not  be  brought  to  an  early  conclu- 
sion, otherwise  than  by  the  communication  of  a  projet^t  em- 
bracing all  the  other  K|)ecificpropositioi.s  which  G.  Britai:* 
intended  to  offer.  They  repeat  their  request  ir.  that  rcf,- 
pect  aud  will  have  no  objection  to  asimu  taneousexchaPj^e 
of  the  projects  of  both  parties.  This  course  will  brincf 
fairly  into  discussion  the  other  topics  embraced  in  the  last 
note  of  the  British  Plenipotentiaries,  to  which  the  under- 
signed have  thuiigiit  it  necessary  lo  advert  at  the  presejit  time. 

The  undersigned  renew  lo  the  British  PiempoleutiarieK 
the  assurance  t)f  iheir  high  consideration.  XV 

.      .].  Q.  ADAMS,        JON  A.  KUSSELL,  >t  . 
J.  A.   BAYAllD,     A.  GALLATIN,  c 
H.  CLAY, 
,    'Ihe  BiUiih  to  Ihe  American  Commissioners. 

Ghent,  October  a  1st,  1814. 

The  undersigned  have  the  lionor  to  acknowledge  the  re- 
ceipt of  the  note  addressed  lo  them  by  the  American  Pleni- 
potentiaries on  the  21lh  inst.  in   which  they  object  lo  the 


APPENDIX. 


367 


basis  of  uli  possidetis  proposed  by  Ihe  undrrsi^ed  as  that 
on  whirli  IIh  v  are  willing  to  Irenl  in  rt  giird  to  part  of  the 
Ixinthlaries  lu>tv\een  the  dotniniuiis  of  \ns  Majtst)  and  those 
of  the  U.  States. 

The  Amerirftn  Pleni|>otenliaries  in  iheirnote  of  the  13lh 
inst.  rerpK  sIkI  the  iiudeistoriu'd  to  rominaoirale  to  them 
Ihe  piojeet  of  ;i  treaty  enihracin;^  all  the  pointH  iiiNiMted  on 
hv  (i.  Brilain,  euj^ai^'iiio^on  their  part  to  deliver  imme»liate- 
Iv  after  a  roonlre  project  as  to  all  the  artielefiio  which  they 
iniLcht  no*  affiee,  and  as  to  all  the  Mubjecl^  deemed  material 
bv  thr  V.  btates,  and  omitted  in  the  project  of  the  uiiuer- 
siofne<l. 

The  nndersis^ned  were  accordintrly  instructed  to  wave 
th»^  question  of  etiquette  and  the  advantag^e  which  miuht 
result  from  receivnig:  the  first  couinmiucatuin,  and,  contid- 
ing-  in  »'ie  ei'gati^emeMt  of  the  American  Plenipotentiaries, 
conuimuicated  in  their  note  of  the  -2 1st  inst.  all  the  points 
upon  which  they  are  instructed  to  insist. 

The  American  Plenipotentiaries  have  oi>jected  to  one  es- 
sential part  of  the  project  thus  communicated  :  but  before 
the  undersijTned  can  enter  into  the  disnission  on  this  ob- 
jection, they  must  require  from  the  American  Plenipoten- 
tiaries tha',  pursuant  to  iheir  en5:^a!]cement,  they  will  deliver 
a  counlre  project  containing  n!l  their  objections  to  the  points 
submitted  bv  the  undersijrned  toji-elher  with  a  statement  of 
such  further  points  as  the  government  of  the  tJ.  States  con- 
sider to  be  material.  !'->..(•'•;.        ,'■  . « 

The  undeisiffiied  ar^  authorised  to  state  distincl]y»  that 
the  article  as  to  the  pacificaiion  and  rights  of  the  Indian 
nations  havino-  |>een  accepted,  they  have  brought  forward 
in  thetrnote  of  the  21st  inst.  all  the  propositions  they  have 
to  ofter.  They  have  no  farther  demands  to  make,  no  other 
stipulations  on  which  they  are  instructed  to  insist,  and  they 
are  empowered  to  sign  a  treaty  of  peace  forthwith  in  con- 
formity with  tho«e  staled  in  their  former  note. 

Tiie  undersigned  trust,  therefore,  that  the  American 
Plenipotentiaries  uill  no  longer  hesitate  to  bnng  forward 
in  the  form  of  articles  or  otherwise,  as  they  may  prefer, 
those  specific  propositions  upoii  which  they  are  empowered 
»o  sign  a  treatv  of  pence  between  the  two  countries. 
'        -^^       i  GAMiiIEK, 

'      '  '     *       HKNKY  GOUUUTRN, 

■    '        ■    '■'      ^-         '      ■     W.  ADAM}?. 


I 


W' 


«-> 


w 


i  I 


3ds 


APPEND!  .K. 


/^ 


*«'  f*  ^0  m«^:      TREATY  OF  FE.ICK, 
JAMES  MADISON. 

PRESIDF.XT  OP  TIIK  ITNITF.D  STATKS  0FA3IER1(:4. 

T't  nU  and  ningulnr  to  w/tom  Uw*r.  preatntt  akaU  come,  UrttUng  • 
'.  WliEUh^ AS  ii  treaty  of  piuce  un<i  amity  between  tlir* 
U  SlaleH  of  Americii,  and  iii.t  Urltannic  iniije.sly  was 
8ii;-iied  at  Ghent,  on  the  Iwcnly  fourth  day  of  December^ 
one  thousa>id  eight  hundred  and  fourteen,  by  the  Ptenipo- 
tccw.irieti  res(»eclively  appointed  for  that  purpose  ;  and  the 
said  treaty  having  been,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate  of  the  U.  Slates,  duly  accepted,  ratiiled, 
and  conHrmed,  on  the  seventeenth  day^of  February*  one 
thoti<saiid  eight  hundred  and  tifteen  ;  and  rautied  copies 
thereof  havinjj  been  exci>an<^i:d  agreeably  to  the  tenor  ol 
the  suid  i  ealy,  which  is  lu  Uu-  words  following,  to  wit: 

'i  reahj  o/  peace  andamitij  Ochi'een  his  Hritanniv  Ma-  . , 
jcsly  (tnd  the  diUed  tSlates  of  America. 

His  Brilaiinic  majesty  and  the  IJ.  Slates  of  Amerir;;, 
desirous  of  teruiinating  the  war  which  has  unhappily  sub- 
misled  between  the  two  countries,  and  of  restoring-,  upon 
principles  ot  perfect  reciprocity,  peace,  friendship,  and 
good  understanding  between  iheni,  have,  for  that  purpose, 
appointed  their  respective  Plenipotentiaries,  that  is  to  say  : 
his  Britannic  majesty,  on  his  part,  has  appointed  the  righl 
honorable  James  lortl  C'ambiei\  late  Admiral  of  the  whiti, 
now  Aflmiralofthe  red  squadron  of  his  majesty's  fleet, '/c/^r;/ 
Oimlburn,  Esquire,  a  member  of  the  iinptrial  pailianieiil 
and  under  secretary  ofstafe,  and  \\  iilunn  Adaws,  Esqnirt, 
doctor  of  civil  laws: — and  the  President  of  the  IJ.  States, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate  thereof, 
Jias  ap|)ointed  John  Quincif  AdamSy  James  A.  liayard-^ 
Henry  Claff,  Jonathnti  Jtussallt  and  Albert  CaUatitiy  c\\i- 
zensv.*'the  LT.  States,  who  after  a  reciprocal  commiinicii- 
lion  of  their  respecli  .^  full  powers,  have  agreed  upon  llu 
following  articles : 

ARTICLE    rUF  FIKST. 

There  sha!l  be  a  firm  and  universal  jieare  between  h\i- 
Brilannic  majesty  and  the  United  Stales  and  between  their 
respective  countries,  territories,  cilies,  towns,  and  people 
of  every  degree,  without  exception  of  places  or  persons 
All  hostilitK  s,  both  by  sea  and  kind,  shall  cease  as  soon  n.-i 
this  treaty  shall  have  been  ralitied  by  both  parties,  as  here 


AJ^PKNIHX. 


dd^ 


inafler  iDcnlioned.  All  hriiUiry,  places  ami  poasessions 
^lititHUi  Vi:r,  l/tki-ii  from  eillitr  |ii»ilv  l>>  llic  olliei,  tiuriMg 
the  Mur,  or  whuli  inu\  he  lakeii  atlir  the  sii>iiiiig  ut  thin 
trt'uty,  excepting  only  Ihc  islaiuls  here luaJitr  iiieiilioi't'il, 
siisillhe  re^lortd  uithuut  deiay,  and  >\ithout  causing-  any 
♦leHtriicljoii,  or  carrNinir  avvav  any  ot"  the  artjller\  or  olher 
puhlic  p|-(ip(M'tv  originally  ca]  tiir<-(l  in  the  MU.d  torls  or 
places,  and  which  shah  remain  Ihcrt  in  n|'on  lh«?  i  xchaogu 
ol  l\u  ralificalioi.H  ot  this  Irealv,  or  any  siavis  or  other  nri- 
Vule  properlv.  And  all  archives,  recitrtU,  deeds,  and  pa- 
pers, either  ot"  a  puhlic  n.tture,  or  beloi  gi<.«j  to  private  per- 
<MMiN,  which,  ill  the  course  ol  the  war,  inuy  have  fallen  into 
ihe  hand»  of  the  oHicers  ot  either  parts,  shall  he,  as  iiir  as 
may  he  praelicahte,  ioilhvvith  re.sloretl  aixl  dcHVLutl  to  the 
projxr  aulhoriti.es  and  persons  to  wiiom  Iht  y  lesjjtctively 
helonp^.  Such  of  the  islands  lu  the  has  ol  l\«ssam;«(pio  dy 
as  are  claimed  hv  holh  parlies,  sha>l  reman  m  tla  |(>sses- 
sioii  ot  the  partv  in  whose  occUj  alion  lhc\  ina\  le  at  the 
lime  of  the  exchaM«e  ot  the  lal.iications  ol  this  Unatv,  un- 
til  the  decision  rcspeciiii;^  the  title  to  the  said  isiaiMis  shall 
havehcen  made  in  conl'ormdy  with  ihefcurlh  article  ot  this 
treaty.  No  disposition  made  hy  this  treaty,  as  to  such  pos- 
session of  the  islands  and  ten  ilones  claimed  by  holh  par- 
ties, shall  in  any  mam. er  vshatever,  he  construed  to  atiect 
Ihe  right  of  either.  ,  , 

AKTlCLi:  THE  SKCOXD. 
Immediatt;Iy  alter  the  ralilication  ol  this  treaty  hy  both 
parlies,  as  heicniM'ter  mentioned,  orders  sha:!  be  sent  to 
thv:  armies,  squadrons,  oHicers.  suhjects  and  cili/.eiis,  ol  the 
two  powers  to  cease  from  all  hostilities  :  and  to  preven*  all 
causes  of  complaint  which  miij;hi  arise  on  account  ot  ihfc 
prizes  which  may  be  taken  at  sea  alter  die  said  ralifica- 
hons  of  this  treaty,  it  is  reciprocally  aa;reed,  that  all  vessels 
and  elVecls  which  may  bi-  taken  aittr  the  space  ot  twelve 
days  h  om  the  said  ratilications,  upon  all  parts  of  the  eoast 
<>i  North  America,  from  ihe  latitude  of  lvvent\-lhree  degrees 
north,  to  the  latitude  of  fifty  degrees  north,  ami  as  far  east- 
ward in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  as  Ihe  thtrls-sixth  de<^n  <  of 
west  loiitj;ilu{le  from  the  meridian  ol  Greenwuh,  sliall  be 
restored  to  each  side.  That  ihe  lime  shall  he  thirty  tlavs 
111  all  oilier  parts  of  the  Atlantic  t  cean,  north  of  the  i  qui- 
nocl?al  line  or  ecpiator,  and  the  sauie  lime  fot   tiie  BrilisU 

!i!  1  .»  ;.  47  ,  ■         :-;  .     '     ns  ,fj 


iii 


t  n 


^ 


•iJ 


'i  i 


!'^ 


- ' 


870 


.4M>i;M>rx. 


i»n<1  Irish  rlnniiclN,  for  the  Ciiilf  of  ISFcmco  aud  »!)  (isirU  ol* 
llie  West  IihIhh;  forty  <Isivh  tor  the  IVoith  Siuh,  tor  the 
|iiiili<*«  :iiKt  ioi^ull  |t:irl«(  ollhf'  ,'\)e<iitei'raru'Hii  ;  Mixty  tiavK 
tor  th<'  AMnntic  oreiin  noiith  of  Ihe  equator  as  fur  an  the  hit- 
itiulr  ot  the  Ciipr  of  Vhhh\  I  lope  ;  ninety  tlay«  for  every 
pari  of  lh«*  wtirhl  south  of  the  cquulor  ;  niul  one  huiicirefi 
iind  twenty  t\n\H  for  all  other  parts  of  the  world,  without  ex- 
ception. 

ARTirtft  TIIK  THinlJ. 
All  prisoiirrs  of  wjh-  lakt  n  on  eilht-r  side,  as  well  hy  land 
as  l»y  st'ji,  sli;dl  he  restored  s<s  soon  as  praetuuble  after  the 
iMttticiition  of  this  lr«^Mtv,  as  hereuiidter  mentioned,  on  their 
p;>vni!;' the  (hi)lN  which  they  may  have  contracted  durm^jf 
ihi'ir  captivity.  'I'he  two  eonlractiiii»-  parties  respectively 
fn;4^;ij^t*  to  <t.sch;»riye  in  specie,  the  a<l\ances  winch  may 
have  been  nnide  iiy  ihi'oti.ei' for  the  sustenance  and  uiaui- 
tenance  of  such  prisoners. 

AIMJC'LF  TIIK  rnuuTii.  ;<..... 

-  "When  as  it  was  stipulated  l>y  thti  second  article   in  the 
treaty  olpeocc,  of  one  thoii'^ai-dsfxen  hundreil  and  ei<;htV- 
three,  lu'l ween  his  r>ntatniic  majesiy   and  ti.e  IT.   Stales  of 
America,  that  the  honndaiy  oi  the  U.  Staters  should    com- 
prehend all   islands  witliin    lv\nitv  leiiones  of  ai-y    psirt  of 
the  slnu'es  ol  Ihe   V .  Stales,  and  Ivin^'  i>elv\een  hues  to  be 
<lra\vn  due  easl  iroin  the  i»oi;ls  uli<  re  the  aforesaid  houn- 
<laries,   between    Nova   Scot  in,  on  the  one  part,  an«l  East 
Korida  (HI  the  other,   shall    respectively  touch   the  bay  of 
Fuiuly,  and    the  Atlantic  ocean,  exceptmi*'  such  islands  as 
now  are,  or  heretofore  ha\e  been,  within  the  limits  of  Nova 
Scotia  ;  and  wheieasthe  several  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Pas- 
Hammnquoddy,  which  is  part  ot  the  Bay  of  Fimdy,  aiid  the 
islainl  of   Grand   Menan  in    the  said  IViy   of  Fmidy,  a'e 
daiiiied   by  the    [I.  Slates  as   b'^inti^  com|>rehended  within 
their  aforesaid  boundaries,  which  said  ishuuts  are  claimed 
as  IwloMi^ino"  lo  his  Britannic  majesty,  ns  havinj[>;  been  at  the 
time  of,  and  previous  to,  the  atoresaid  treaty  of  one  thou- 
SHint  srven  hundred  and  eiuhly  three    within  the    limits  of 
the  province  of  N;»va  Scotia  :  in  order,   iherefore,  finally  to 
deciile  Uj»on  these  claims,  it  is  ajrree<l  that  they  shall  be  re- 
ferred to  I  wo   coinniissioners,    to  be  appoinle<l  in   the  fol- 
low niij  manner,  vi/.   one  commissioner  shall  be   apj)Oinled 
by  !»•»  Britannic  majeslv,  and  one  by  the  President  of  the 
U.  States,  by  and  wilh  ihe  advice  and  consent  of  the  seuatc 


iiPPf^NDlX. 


871 


,^f*^ti'-{  mu- 


thereof,  and  the  nan]  two  t'oinini^tMOiH th  so  nppointri)  shall 
t>e  sworn  iiu|*iirliail>  io  c-viMiiiiu!  tiud  lUcuit*  ii|)«>ii  the  said 
claiiiiM  accoriiuiu'  lo  KUrh  fHtUncc  an  sinill  itc  hint  In'tore 
thcni  oil  the  part  ot  his  linlaiiiiu*  niujrstN  and  ot  the  I'liited 
Stales  respectively .  'I'te  >ai(l  eniniiiisN  outTN  shall  meet  at 
.St.  AiulrewH,  iiillu'  provmeeol  New  liriiiiswiek,  and  shall 
have  power  to  adjoum  to  siuh  other  plure  or  ptaceH  as  they 
.shall  think  Hi.  Tiie  >aid  <-(>iiiiiii!<isu»iierM  shall,  by  a  deela« 
ration  or  report  under  their  liaiidM  and  seals,  tlernle  to 
uhieh  of  the  two  eontraclin^  parties  the  several  islands 
atoresnid  i\o  respectively  beloiiu>,  in  contorniitv  with  I  lie 
true  intent  oi  the  saul  treuly  of  peace  ot  one  tiiousand  seven 
hundred  and  eiuhlv -three.  And  it  the  said  couinnssi oners 
shall  a^ne  in  their  decision,  buth  parlies  hIiuiI  consider 
.snch  decision  as  iinai  and  conctnsive.  il  is  further  agreed, 
that  in  the  event  of  the  two  coniniis.sioiier»  diHierin^  Ujion 
all  or  anv  of  the  matters  so  relerred  to  them,  orin  :he  event 
of  both  or  either  ot  the  said  coinnnssioners  refiisi.i^  or  <le« 
dining-,  or  w  ill'udy  omitting  to  act  as  snch,  they  sltull  make, 
jointly  or  separately,  a  report  or  reports,  as  well  to  the  ^ov- 
erniiie.it  of  his  Brilannic  mnjesty  as  to  that  of  the  U.  Slates, 
stating'  in  delad  the  points  on  which  they  ditt'er,  and  the 
G^rounds  upon  ^vhich  their  respective  opinions  have  been 
formed,  or  the  *j^rounds  upon  which  the\,  or  either  of  them, 
have  so  retustd.  declined,  or  omitted  lo  act.  And  his  Bri* 
tannic  niajestv,  and  the  government  of  the  U.  States  here- 
by agree  to  refer  the  report  or  reports  of  the  said  commis- 
sioners, to  some  friendly  sovereign  orsiale,  to  be  then  nam- 
ed for  lhat]>urpose,  and  who  shall  be  requested  to  decide  oo 
the  differences  which  nia\  be  slated  in  the  satd  report  or 
reports,  or  u  on  the  report  of  one  commissioi.er,  to^^etiier 
with  the  grounds  upon  which  the  other  commissioner  shall 
have  refused,  dechneii  or  omitted  to  ac.  as  ihe  case  may  be. 
And  if  the  commi^sio.  ers,  so  reiusnig',  declining',  or  omit- 
tin^j^to  act,  sh.ill  also  wiliuiiy  umil  to  stale  the  grounds  up* 
on  which  he  has  so  done,  in  such  manner  that  the  said 
statement  niav  be  rtitrred  lo  such  fr>endly  sovereign  or 
state,  together  with  the  report  oi  such  other  commissioner, 
tlien  such  sovereigM  or  s>ate  shall  decide  ex  parte  U|>on  the 
said  report  aioiie.  And  Ins  Britannic  majesly  aid  the 
government  of  the  U.  Stales  engage  to  consider  the  deci- 
sion of  some  fneiidlv  M)veretgnor  stale  to  be  :»uch  and  con* 
elusive  on  all  the  mailers  .:o  referred.       ,■.■■■    .      , -., .  .  .>,.f 


I'     ,  • 


■Mr' « 


1    !    . 


."* 


lii; 


37e 


;^J 


AI*VCMUi:. 


■"        AP.TH   l.r,  TIIK  FfFTII.  ^       " 

^^  .ifrcns  iieillifr  tliiit  |MMiit  ot  Ilit*  tn^MiiiHlsi  iv  liii^  ciiu 
noillt  troiii  lilt'  Koiinc  of  |Jk»  nvrr  Si.  C'nux,  ;tiul  jI  MirmiU 
«d  <n  Ihe  toriiiei*  trmty  of  luiUT  lielwrt-n  llic  Iwo  |to\«(nt  :ik 
\Uf  iu»rllnvfHt  »r»c:l«'  of  ISuvji  Sc-olin,  iiuw  ihc  norlli-wcs- 
tei'iiinoNl  ',,vHi\  <tl  ('oiincrtinit  ri\»M  hn',  not  ln^en  anccrl •.lin- 
ed ;  siimI  wltfi'oas  tiiat  p.irl  of  tli<>  htMi.idiiry  line  hflwccii  ilic. 
(loiniiiioii  ot  IIk;  two  powers  whirli  cxl* mis  from  llie  sutirce 
of  iIk  river  St.  Croix  direelly  north  to  the  aboveinentioued 
north-west  nii^le  of  No\}i  ^t•oll:l,  thence  uloiigp  the  nuuI 
liiirhlniids  which  divide  thoMC  ri\ers  that  emptj  theniNetveh 
into  the  river  St.  Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  mio  the 
Atlantic  ocean  to  the  north-weslernmosi  head  of  Connecliciit 
i'iv«i,  thince  down  alon<rlhe  middle  ot  the  river  to  the  for- 
tv-Hfth  detfree  of  north  latitude;  ihence  hv  a  line  due  west 
on  said  latitude  imiii  it  str  kes  the  nv<  r  Iroquois  or  Cata- 
raj^in ,  has  not  yet  Ik'<  n  snrve>e<l : — (l  is  ajrretd  that  for  those 
several  piirxoscs  two  <  omnii^sioiierH  sha;l  he  appointed, 
sworn  and  aiilhonsed,  lo  act  exiictiy  in  the  manner  direct- 
ed with  rcsfrect  to  those  inentiowed  m  tiie  next  preceding 
article,  unless  otiierwiso  sj  ( cititd  in  the  present  article. 
The  snid  cnmniissioners  hhatt  meet  at  St.  Andiews  in 
the  province  of  New-lirunswick,  and  shall  have  |>ower  to 
j[id|Otirn  to  such  other  place  or  places  us  they  shall  think 
iii.  The  s;nd  coinmissiouers  shall  have  power  to  as- 
certain and  dcturmiiie  lite  points  abo^e  menlioiied,  in  con- 
formity with  the  provisions  of  the  said  treaty  of  pe:ice 
of  one  thousand  seven  hundred  ai.d  eighty-three,  and  shall 
cause  the  honndary  aloresaid.  from  the  souict)  of  the  river 
Si.  Croix  to  the  river  Iroquois  or  C.tiurag'ny,  to  be  survey- 
ed and  marked  according  to  llie  said  provision;^.  The  said 
commissioners  sh:ill  make  a  map  of  the  said  boundary,  and 
annex  to  it  a  dt^laration  under  their  ha  (Is  and  seals,  certi- 
fyii  g;  It  to  be  ti.e  true  map  ot  die  said  boundary,  and  par- 
ticuhu'i/.in^j^  the  latilmie  and  longitude  of  the  north-west  an- 
gle *)f  Nova  Scoliit,  of  the  nortli-weslenimost  head  of  Con- 
necticut river,  ad  of  such  otjur  por.its  of  tlie  same  bounda- 
ry as  they  mu\  deem  proper  Aixl  both  parlies  agree  to 
coiiKider  such  map  and  (teclaralion  as  litudly  and  conclu- 
sively fixing  the  sani  boumiarv.  And  in  the  event  of  the 
bald  Iwocommis-i  oiers  ditier.ntr,  or  both,  or  either  of  them, 
refusing'  or  declining,  or  wilfuiiy  omitting'  lo  act,  such  re- 
ports, <lecl:ujiliois,  or  slalemer.ls,  sliall  be  made  by  them, 
or  either  of  ihtuj,   and  buch  rdereuce  to  a  tnciKilv  sov(ji- 


A1>PRXDIX. 


876 


eiqfii  or  ^\'t\*',   ^liall  l>r  niiHip.  in  nil  r^«»p«rl«  a<  in  ll»r  Inlter 


|mrt 


ni'  th«'  Courlh  .iniclf  ih  coiititiiKNl,  .tiiil  in  n^full  a  iiiaii- 


II 


ur  iiM  il  lilt  !»;iiii«:  wns  li« mil  r<-|M*:Ut  it. 


Al(iiri>    TIIK  MXTII. 


Wliercas  l>v  lliv  Ionium- trr;ity  ol  |i<>-,ire  th:it  fiortion  ol 
the  lHMiii(ltirv  ot  llii*  II.  St:iU'H  irom  ilir  |>oiiit  wlirre  tli^ 
iort\-titlli  iicurrtt  ot  iiorlli  liitiiudc  Hlrikfx  lh«-  rwcr  lroc|uoi» 
or  Cutiini(i^ii\  lo  ilie  Itikc  hii|)cri(ir,  HaN(U'chu'f*(l  to  Ix;  'uIod^ 
\hf.  iiiuldic  III  Mill  river  mio  hike  Oiituno,  throii|rh thf 
uiiiiflle  of  Kind  hike  iiniil  il  sliiki  h  the  roniiiiiiiiK'MlM'ii  Uy 
WHier  hetwi  en  that  lake  fui'l  l;>ke  Krie,  lhfti<e  aloiiir  the 
niidclle  of  Naid  eoiiiiiiiiiii 
middh 


il 


to  lake  Kne,  throti^h  Ih^ 
'il  the  water  (oiiiiiiindca- 
i!oti<;h  the  middle  ol  H-.wd 


ude  ot  Kiiid  lake  iiiiii 
tion  into  the  hike  lliinMi, 

luke  to  the  water  eoiiim itti<>>t  helvvfM'ii  that   lake  and 

lake  Super. or*  And  Mtn-n'Uit  d:)iiht<ii  have  arisen  what 
wnMthe  niuidie  of  mimI  river,  luke»,  and  water  coiiiimniica- 
tioiiN,  and  u  hether  certain  iHhiiids  lyinf^  in  the  itame  were 
'within  the  doininioiiN  of  Iiih  Hntaiiiiie  iii;)jeNty  or  of  die  U. 
States  :  in  ordt  r,  therefore,  tinally  lo  dec  ide  these  donhtH, 
they  shall  he  retened  to  two  eoiniiiHsionerK,  lo  he  appoint' 
ed, sworn,  and  aulhoriNed  lo  act  exuetly  in  the  manner  di- 
reeled  with  respeel  to  those  mentioned  in  the  next  |>rered- 
ing'  arlicli-,  unless  otherwise  speeitied  in  tins  pit  sent  arti- 
cle. The  said  commissioners  shall  meet,  ni  the  Hrst  in- 
stance, at  Aihany,  in  the  stale  of  Nev\-Vork,  and  shall 
have  power  to  adjourn  to  such  other  phiet;  or  ..laces  as  they 
shall  think  tit.  The  said  eoinmissioners  shall  hy  n  re|)ort  or 
declaration,  under  then*  hands  and  seals,  designate  the 
boundary  through  the  said  rivi-r,  lakes,  and  water  comniu- 
Tiicalioiis,  and  decide  lo  which  of  the  two  contracting  par- 
ties the  several  islands  lying  within  the  said  river,  lakes, 
niid  water  cotumunieations,  do  i'es|)eclively  heiong,  in  cou- 
Ibrmity  with  the  true  in'ent  of  the  said  treaty  of  one  thou- 
sand seven  hundred  and  eighty-three.  Aiid  hoth  imrlies 
agree  lo  consider  such  <lesignatioii  and  decision  as  final 
and  conclusive.  And  in  the  event  of  the  said  two  commis- 
sioners dittering,  or  holh,  or  either  of  them,  refusing,  declin- 
ing, or  wilfully  omitting  to  act,  such  reports,  declarali<)ns, 
or  statements,  shall  he  iir.ule  hy  them,  or  either  of  Ihem, 
and  such  relerence  to  si  triendly  sovereign  or  state  shall  hi- 
made  in  all  n*sp<  <!ts  as  in  the  hit  er  pari  of  ll:e  tonrth  arti- 
cle iscantaim»d,and  in  nsfnil  :i  manner  as  if  the  sune  was 
Jjcrcin  repeated.  ■' '  '  .   '      ^      '  ■  '      •    -- 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Hiotographic 
.Sciences 
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23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WnSTIR.N.Y.  UStO 

(716)  172-4303 


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APJPEMIIX* 


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•r  ARTICLt:  THE  Sf:VENTII.  i^if^fjV.H 

II  is  further  n^recil  ihiil  Uie  Kaicl  iwo  la^<t  mentioned  t^in- 
roiNsioners  after  they  Hhnii  have  exectiteil  Uic  «iiilie«t:iiisiirii. 
ed  to  them  in  the  preceUitti^  sii  ttde,  Nhull  he,  ami  iht  y  are 
hereby  authuriseci,  uftoii  their  oaltiH  iin|mrtially  to  ti\  nud 
deteriuiiie,  according;  to  tiie  irue  liitent  ot  the  Nsiid  treaty  ut* 
peace,  of  one  thouxand  iteven  htuidred  and  ei$rlity-ii  ree, 
that  part  of  the  Itouiidiiry  hetAvren  the  dominion.**  of  the  I  mo 
powers,  which  extendM  fnnn  the  water  conimuuicatioH  l»'- 
iweeii  lake  Huron  and  lake  Superior,  to  tiie  inoxt  nor'.h- 
wesleni  point  of  the  htke  of  the  VVoods  to  decide  to  whicli 
of  the  two  parlies  the  ^»eve^ai  isiandn  lyni^  in  the  lakes,  \%'4- 
ter' commuiiicatioiiM,  and  rivers,  furmiiiuf  the  natd  bouintary, 
do  reitpeclively  belong*,  in  coufurmily  with  the  true  iiite.it 
of  the  said  treaty  of  peace  of  one  thousaiid  seven  hundred 
and  eighty-three  i  and  to  cause  such  parts  of  the  si  ni  Ixiun- 
dary,  as  require  it,  to  be  surveyed  and  marked,  'i'lie  said 
commissioners  shall,  by  a  report  or  deciaration  under  their 
hands  and  seals,  designate  the  boundary  aforesaid,  state 
their  decision  on  the  poinLs  thus  reierred  to  them,  and  par- 
ticularise tlie  latitude  and  longitude  of  (he  most  north-wes- 
ternmost point  of  the  lake  of  the  Woods,  and  of  such  other 
parts  of  the  said  boundary  as  they  may  deem  profier.  And 
both  parties  agree  to  consider  such  designation  and  dt  et- 
sion  as  final  and  conclusive.  And  in  the  event  of  the  said 
two  commissioners  (hti'enng,  or  IkUIi,  vr  either  of  them  re- 
fusing, declining,  or  wilfully  oin  (tiiii);  to  act,  such  i-e|)orts 
declarations,  or  statements,  shall  be  made  by  them,  or  eilh- 
cr  of  them,  and  such  reference  to  a  tnendly  sovereign  or 
slate, shall  be  made  in  all  respects,  as  in  tlie  latter  pait  of 
the  fourth  article  is  coatained,  and  in  as  full  a  manner  as  if 
the  same  was  herein  repealed. 

..  AKTlCm  THE  EIGHTH. 

.  The  several  boards  ot  two  coniniissioners  mentioned  in 
the  four  preceding  articles,  shHJl  reH|.eclively  have  power 
to  appoint  a  secretary,  and  to  eiiipto)  such  surveyors  or 
other  persons  as  they  shall  judge  necessary.  Uufdicales  of 
all  their  respective  reports,  declarations,  staienienLs,  and  de- 
cisions, and  of«  their  accounts,  and  o(  the  jtnirnal  ot  ther 
proceedings  shall  be  delivered  by  them  to  the  agents  ot  his 
Britaniiic  majesty,  and  to  the  agents  ot  the  (J.  ^)tates  who 
may  be  respectively  appomled  and  aulln»rised  to  manage 
the  biisiuess  on  behalf  otlheirrespectivegoverniuetils.  Tne 
ckUid  coiimiissionei's  shall  be  res^iecUveiy  pajd  in  such  man- 


/ 


APPEMDtX. 


d7d 


mentioned  com- 
'■  liiitit-HiiiiM^ii. 
',  himI  )hf  V  iire 
liy  to  ti\  niid 
'  Nsiid  treaty  of 
I  eijrJiiy.U  r***', 
uiiit  of  the  lv%o 
iiuiiieatioH  It'- 
le  iiioMt  iior'.ti* 
cid«  to  whicli 
the  lakes,  \»-i- 
ftaid  bouiiitary* 
the  true  itUe.tt 
ieveii  hundred 
ihest  Id  tMMiii- 
id.  'INie  .said 
>ii  uiKler  their 
iforeNiiid,  (itute 
hem,  and  |»ar- 
oitt  north- wes- 
of  Kuch  oilier 
1  pro|»er.  And 
tioii  unci  d<  i'i> 
LMit  of  the  said 
er  ot  tlieiik  re- 

Hiich  re  I  Kilts 
them,  or  eilh- 
\  soveiei^ii  or 

l-alier  put  of 
J.  iiiiuiiier  as  if 

*i  >■•••  ^-f^i^^H* 

mentioned  iii 
\  have  power 
snrveyors  or 
lJii|dicaleN  of 
neiiUs,  and  de- 
iirnul  ot  ther 
HtfeiitK  ot  his 
.  htates  who 
t;d  to  mantig^e 
iimetilM.  Tiie 
in  such  uiau> 


J 


lif  r  ns  shall  be  agreed  lietwecH  the  t«vo  contracliiisr  |mHies, 
mieh  Hj^reenieni  l»eiiiiif  to  be  neltleit  a>  the  time  of  the  ex- 
dniuure  of  the  ratiticalioiiB  of  this  treaty.— > A i»d  all  other 
ex|ie  u'eN  atteiidin^c  the  hum)  commiiMiotierw  shaH  bedefmy- 
e<l  ((lually  by  the  two  parlies.  And  in  the  ciute  of  death, 
8  I'kiieHN,  leMi^naluin,  or  ^ec^^isury  absence,  the  place  ofev* 
ery  Miieh  conimiHMioner  I'eMftectiveiy  hhull  be  supplied  in 
the  same  inaniitr  asHUchconmiissioiier  whs  lirsi  upf>oiiited^ 
and  the  new  couiiniMNioaer  NJiail  lake  the  same  oath  or  af- 
tirniitiion,  and  do  the  same  tiutieN.  U  is  further  agreed 
iietweeo  the  two  coittract  ng'  parties,  that  in  case  any  of  the 
ishiiuU  mentioned  in  niiy  of  the  preceduig  articles,  which 
^%ere  in  possewstuii  of  one  of  the  p:trties  prior  to  the  com* 
me  .eeinent  ot  the  |)reseiil  war  t»etM^en  tlie  two  countries, 
should  by  the  deci>iton  ot  any  of  the  boards  ot  commission- 
ers aforesaid,  or  ot  the  so\ereiirii  or  state  so  referred  to  aft 
in  tliM  four  next  preceding  arlu'les  coiUained,  fall  within 
.  the  dotiiinioisH  of  the  other  parly,  all  grants  of  laud  made 
jiievious  to  the  couiuient'einetil  of  the  war  by  the  party  hav- 
ing had  such  |3ossesMioit,  shall  be  as  valid  as  if  such  island 
or  Islands,  hud  by  such  deciMion  or  <lecisions,  l)een  adjudg- 
ed lo  be  within  tlie  dominions  of  the  parly  having  had  such 
possession. 

K K'JI CLE  TU K  N I N T II. 
The  IT.  Slates  ot  Anu'ncu  eu;»a«^e  to  pul  an  end,  im- 
mediately a  ler  the  ratiticaiion  of  the  present  treaty,  to  lios- 
titilicH,  with  all  the  tril>es  or  oittions  i>f  Indians  with  whom 
they  may  be  at  war,  at  the  lime  of  such  raliiication,  and 
lorlhvvith  to  restore  to  such  tribes  or  nalions,  respectively, 
all  the  possessions,  righls  and  privilfges,  which  they  may 
liave  enjoyed  or  been  entitled  lo  in  liil  1,  previous  fo  such 
hoslihlies:  provided  always,  that  such  Iribes  or  nations  shall 
agree  lo  desist  from  all  liostililies  against  the  U.  Slates  of 
America,  their  cilizens  and  subjects,  upon  the  ratiticatioti 
of  the  present  treaty  beii<g  nolihed  losnch  tribes  or  nations, 
and  shall  so  desist  accordingly.  And  his  Britannic  ma- 
jesty engages,  on  his  part,  lo  pul  uii  e*ul,  immediately 
uf.er  Ihe  ratificalion  of  the  present  treaty,  to  hostilities, 
with  all  the  tribes  or  nations  of  Indians  with  who|n  he 
may  be  at  war,  at  ihe  time  of  such  raldicalion,  and  forth- 
with lo  restore  lo  such  Ir.bes  or  nations  resperlively,  all 
the  possessions,  r:ghts  and  privileges,  which  they  may 
have  tnjo^cdoi- been  enliliedl^j  in  the  year  1811,  previous 


i    5 


'■^? 


;i70 


APtBNUtX. 


to  such  lioslililitin  :  |irovide<l  always  tbal  such  tribe^  or  ns' 
liuiiHtihnll  n^rce  to  «)«iiisi  from  all  huniililieM  aj^a  imiI  bw  Bri- 
tannic majesty  aiitl  his  subjtncUi,  upon  the  rattticalion  ot  Ihe 
present  treaty  being  nutiii«d  to  imch  lribe»  or  DaUoiM»  and 
!thall  80  desist  accordingly. 

ARTICLE  THIS  TENT  If.  -»»*!*' j   ^rj.*- 

Whereas  the  traffic  in  slaves  l^  irreconcilable  m'ith  the 
principles  of  humanity  and  ju8lice,  and  whereas  l«oth  hit 
Majcity  and  the  United  SUites  are  desirous  of  coiilmning 
Uieir  e0'orts  to  promute  it»  entire  aliolilion,  it  i»  hereby 
ai^rted  tliat  both  the  contracting^  parties  shall  use  their  best 
endeavors  to  accomplish  so  desirable  an  objects;  ti«i.    . 

^.  ABriCLE  THE  ELKVkNTK.' 

This  treaty*  when  the  same  shall  liaveieen  ratified  on 
both  sides,  without  altd.itioii  by  eithei- of  llie  ctM.lr.ictiiig' 
parties  and  ihe  i  atiiications  mutally  excliaii|^ed,  shall  be 
bindinjjf  on  both  parlies,  aiul  the  raiiH<'ati«>ns  shall  be  ex- 
chanpfedat  Wiushint^ton,  in  (he  space  uf  four  uiuitlhs  from 
this  day  or  sooner  tf  practicable*  ;mj"ja  .»*,;* 

In  faith  whereof,  we,  the  respective  Plenipotentiaries,  have 
.  signed  this  treaty,  and  have  Ihereuntu  affixed  our  stals. 
Done,  in  tri|)licate,  at  Ghent,  the  tweiity-iourth  day  of 
Derember,oiiethou.saiid  eiy^lit  hundred  and  fourteeu» 


4» 


(V.  a) 
Cl.  s.) 
(h.  s.) 
(L.  s.) 

(L.  S.) 
(L.  S.) 

(l.  s.) 

{h.  S.) 


•«l  f'l-- 


GAMBIKH, 

IIENUV  GOtILBURI>r, 

WILLIAM  ADA  VIS, 

JOHN  a  ADAiM;?, 

.1.  A.  BAYAHD,       a  mi> 
H.  CLAY,  fi'ffi,Um« 

JOIN  A.  Ur'^'^ELL,   ^liUi* 
A   GALL.       i\.  me 

Now  therefore,  tu  the  end  that  (he  sflid  treaty  ot  \u  ^rv  ant'  aiuily  may 
be  observed  with  gaot)  faith,  on  the  part  of  th  :  U.  Hiates,  I,  Junics  Miiili' 
i9on,  President  as  aforesaid,  tiare  c>(used  the  preiiiiscs  tu  be  itiade  |iubllc  ; 
and  I  do  hereby  enjoio  all  persons  bearine;  of  ice,  civil  or  inttilary,  with- 
iotheU.  States,  and  all  other  ciiisens  or  inhabitants  thereof,  or  bfinQ 
within  the  same,  fai Jifully  to  observe  aitd  fulfil  the  said  treaty  and  every 
i.lause  and  article  thereof. 
In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  caused  she  seal  of  the  U  States  to  be  affix 

(ij.  8.)    ed  to  these  presents,  and  nivned  the  same  \vith  my  hand 
Done  at  the  city  of  Washingtun,  this  eiirhteenlh  day  of  February,  in  Ihe 

year  of  our  Lurd  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteeo,  and  of  She 
.  sovereignty  and  independence  uf  the  U.  Stales  the  thirty  ninth. 

By  the  Pr.^;ldent,  JAMES  MADISOJ^. 

JAMfi^  MONROE,  AcUng  Seerelary  of  S!ale. 


it^ii»}.- 


iUM 


Jtitftfjirsi^'fA 


??ri: 


I  tribes  or  na- 

^a  tMi  bw  Bri- 

Hcaliuri  of  llie 

Dulioiia,  and 


^^^.,»^     LIST  OF  VES.^ELS^  r- -^-,      .-- 

TAkBV   yftOM  GREAT   BRITAIN,   BY  TUG   rUBUC  AN]> 
PRIVATE  AUAieO  VCSSKM  <>r  Till;:  UNITED  STATESy 


DVRLS'G  TUE  irjR. 


Js'atnet  nfve$tela. 

I         scli'r.  WbitiDgtt 
brig  UiyMM 

3  bri((  Gjrpftey 

4  brig  Pickerine 
a          -"hipRoba  &i.  Betsey 
H         ihi|i  IJl^argaret 

7  'raiispurt  No.  fiO» 

8  ^rig  Bloodhound* 

9  Moop— 
I0-2CJI1  transport  boats* 

2 1  -«hip  Concord 

22  Mg  Elbe 
2d       brig  Hermm 
24-2'  H  brig  and  acb'r 

26  ship  Jane 

27  ^hip  Emperor 

28  iibip  Experiment 
2d-32  %  ships  and  bri^s 
3d 


chV  Wade 
brig  Eliza 
35-37)3  shallops 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 


\6 
47 
48 
4» 


brig- 
loop  Endeavor 
brig  Juoo 

urig— 


6 


nkin  Ay  the  f       Jrrittd  ai 


Hampton  Roa4l. 

Norfiilk  t» 

New-York 
Gloueesier 
Charleston 
iPortland 
jGloocester 
Aiinapolia 
Potneyville 
Oicdensburg 
Salem 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Oloucesteh 


Gun  Boatsf    pt.M«ry'g 
do.  I       do. 


43-45  *  sch'rs 


brig  Wabtsch 
ch'r  Ann 
schV  Pindar 
ship  Jarrett 


^0-52  3  schooners 
53       schooner— 
64       scb'r  Ann 
35-53  4  scbou;aen. 
AH       brig —       ,•  * 
tiO       schooner — 
t)  1        schooner— 
02      moop— 
as      isch'r  Fanny 


18 


Mte' 


do. 
Revenue  Cutterf 
Madison 
Lion 
iLion  &.  Snowbird 
Polly 
Madison 
do. 
do. 
JefftTSon 
Dolphin 
Nonfiareil 
Gun  B'laisf 
Fair  trader 

do. 

Dolphin 

do. 

feflTer  kDoTphin 

Dolphin 

Lion 

Argus 

Fdly 

1llo)|)hin 

Buckskin 


do. 
Amelia 
Salem 
Slarbleheail 

do.^ 
Salt-m 


M 


*<^ 


(do. 
Cape  Ann 
do. 
Sulem 

do. 
Charleston 
Amelia 
Sah-m 

do, 
made  a  cartel 
Safem 

do. 

dp.' 
Harblfchead 
l*ortUiM. 
Sal«m      ' 
Bi^lmore' 
Salem 


i\ 


IM- 


»«» 


in 

-ft? 
'J 

ft; 

km 


f 


( 


■jf 


iii-Gsh  schooners 
Xele.     Thote    marked  tcilh  a  [«]Fr«re  H,  EL.  Ma§t^jf»  pMU  »eijf^ 


] ml  those  wUk  a  Ij-jars  U.  Sf.  pubttc  rnssei* 


-y-f 


^<  ijutj^i;  ^  J-^Xjii.i-Cfcf 


i  c 


378 


AIM'ENOIX.' 


» 1 


:v 


V-i, 


68 

«T 

68 

^0 

70 

71 

72-73 

74 


75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85     • 

86 

87 

88 

8tf 

90 

91 

92 

93-95 

96 

97 

98 

99 
100 
101 
102 
10  J 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109- 
116- 
118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127-129 

130-131 


riMp«rt  brien 
RsbV  Mary  Abd 
Hhip  Mary 
BrhV— 
BchV  OiKfCDt 
,2  Bchoonen 
lasQow 
|erh'r  Jane 
abip  AnH  Green 
barqtif  Ht.  Andrewi 
briiT  Shaidrock 
[sch'r  Salljr 

ch*r  Nelson 

chooner— 


|4 


107 


Id 
8 


-1  li) 

in 


schV  3  Brothers 
barque 
b:lg— 
hip  Heniy 
sch'r  Alfred 
<chV  Ki  za 
br  Lady  Shfrbroke 
br  Eliza  k  Esther 
ship  Royd 
•)rig  HaimiT 
^ch'r  Polly 
i  Hi  igs 
riooj)  Mary  Ann 

liip  FlaAsan 
brifl;  Harmony 
brig— 

!*hi|i  Brigaiiza 
brig  Waldo 
sch'r  Aim        ,    ' ' 
sb  Priuce  Adolphui 
ship 

Bch'r  Harriet 
brig  Ceres 
brig—       , 

•ri)^  Williain 

lii|>»  U  btfgs 
brig  &ijScHooDcr 

RchVlodultry 

scb'r  iE^enMiverance 

i^Kip  $iroon  Clark 

Hftndattis  Packet* 

brig  Amelia 

sch'r  Mary 

»ch«>oner-*. 

ieh'rDpioQ   ' 

brig  Elizabeth 

brigs 

sch'r  &■  sloop 


10 


16 


10 


4 
12 

4 

8 


20 
28 

21 


36 


li 


16 

2 

10, 


108 


39 
12 
17 


12 


F.  iiista} 
do. 

Buckskin 

Dolphin 

Fair  Trader 

Polly 

Snowbird 

Rev  Cutter^ 

Dolphin 

Gosoamrr 

Rapid 

Rev.  Cuttcrf 

Teszer 

Burkftkin 

Fntiie 

Wiley  Reynard 

Cathnriue 

Pnlly 

Comet 

Sperurrr 

Polly 
Marengo 
Gov.  M'Ktan 
GInhK 
Matilda 
Wihy  Reynard 
do. 
Pa  1 1  Jones 
do. 
Yankee 
do. 
Toin 
Teazer 
Globe 
Gov  M'Kean 
Teaztr 
High  Flyer 
,  John 

Rossie 
0o. 
;  <lo. 

Bern  Franklin 
i      l^onsuch 
,  Globe 
Afaiy  Aon 
j    do. 
',   d(». 
do. 
John 
John 
do. 
Orlando 


,,| 


Rallimorv 
raiiioncd 
Salem 
do. 
Wiscasset 
Salem 
do. 
Savannah 
MarWehead  ' 
Boston 
Portland 
Savannah 
made  a  cartel 
Salem 
do. 
Boston 
Puriland 
ransomed 
Baltimore 

do. 
8«lem 
iNi'.w-York 

PhiladelpbiR 
do. 
do. 

Boston 

Wiscasset 

Philadflphia 

.Savannah 

New  York 

made  a  cartel 

Baltimore 

Portland 

Baltimore 

Philiadelphia 

Portland 

Baltimore 

Salem 

GloiiCfSter 

Boston 

burnt 

made  a  cartel 

New.  York 

Charleston 

Norfidk 

Charleston 
do. 

burnt 

made  a  cartel 

baletki 

tSalem 

Iransomed 

I  Gloucester 


ir.^ 


Hit 


r/^ 


APPENDIX. 


a?^ 


132 

133 

13  V 

lo5 

136 

137 

13A 

139 

14U 

Ul 

i*i 

143 

U% 

U5 

146 

147 

148 

149 

150 

161 

lo2 

153 

154 

155 

litH 

157 

158 

159 

160 

161 

lb2 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 

174 

175 

176 

177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 


trig  G«D.  Blake 

'•'•e —     ,,f 

<Mp  \pi>|io 

h5p  Royal  Bounty 

•rig  Mnry 

«(hr  Vfiiun        ' ' 

>'iip  O-iborti 

><*ij$  Blica 

trx  Richard 

rItE  Nancy 

iri^— 


,'iVM 


chr,— 


lllf.TJ<-' 


•»<»!«};. 


10 


lO 


iirig  LeoDidOT 
-rhr  Sky  Lark 
iri  j  Lailf  PrevoBt 
h.ig  Friends 
iria  Mary 
hip  Jane 
rhip  Juhn 
!«chr.— 

tiip  Grenada 
sch'r  Shadock 
barque  Diana 
brig  Roe  buck 
ship  Guerritre* 
brig  Lady  Warren 
brig  4buua 
larque  Harriet 
brig  Dutcfaess 
brig  Traveller 
brig  Henry 
ship  Hopewell 
bris  Hazard 
sch'r  Phoebe 
brig  Thetis 
brig  Alfred 
brig  Antelope 
ship  Kitty 
scli'r  Spunk 
(sch'r  Providence 
sliip  Guayaiia 
jbHr  duUe  of  savoy 
ship  Pursuit 
[ship  Evergreen 
Ibrtg  New  Liverpool 

hip  Mary  Ann 

khiri  Elisabeth 

>ch'r  Jamt's 
'brig  Pursuit 

brig  Tay 

ship  Britannia 

brig  Howe 


K«>vrni>r  rutterfjCharlestoa 

Buii|(cr  Hill  I    do. 

i«i  Fainiouth 

jr.hn  Bait  111 

2'.<[        Yankee  kuak 

471         ^1)  bnadv  a  cartel 

^eiizer  {Portland   , 

IhI  |o.  I    do      ''j 

Imluxiry  |Marbt^be«U 

PairTr««1er  piklem 

B»iiA»^r  Hill  New  Yorl< 

Lfaiidfr  jProvidenoie 

1 4)  Man*  Mavantiahi 

BunkprHill  JNew  Torl^ 

IMnren^o  j    do. 
Benj,  Franklin  ^Boston 
do.  4o- 

*  ii        Rossie  Balnoi 
3U|  F.  Presidentf  Vbiladclpkia 

Teazer  F»>rtlaiid 

•'^0     Toang  Eag|e  Charleston 

•  01         do.  I    <*o- 
High  Flyer  JBavannaht 

I      I      R.Nbainand     ^Norfolk 
49S02  p.  Constitutiont burnt 


14 
6 


25 


do 
do. 
do 
\  Congressf 
do. 
Yankee 
Cornet 
ship  Waspf 
Sqiiando 
Yankee 

do. 
Polphin 
Hossie 
Fair  Trailer 


do. 

do.      1 

do.  i 

do. 

do. 
Newport 
<Baltinioi« 
|BostoD 
jPorts  mouth 
burnt 

do. 
Sal^m 
^Portland 
Salem 


Wiley  Reynard  New  York 


18 


Dromo 
Decatur 
Atlas 
Po'phin 
Yankee 
Huh  Flyer 
Sarah- Ann 
Diilphin 
Rapid 
do. 
Thrasber 
Dart 


Salem 
do. 
Philadelphia 
Salem 
New  York 
Charleston 

do. 
Baltimore 
PQrthiml 

do. 

do. 

do. 


» 
Tfll 
r,fn 

(Ml 

t'.f 

S.I 

i  VT 

tv;f 
MJr 

Ti'f 
!'«» 
fit  I 

'  rti.? 

IOC 
i(>v 
an 

,.i,n 

tor 
not! 

01 'J 
f  12 

i.it 

4- J  2 

'TIS 
RIP 

C!S 

OiiK 


;iiJ 


li-  i; 


\V 


d80 


APPENDIX. 


t     ^ 


f  'ti; 


ij,- ' 


hrijc  Elizabeth 
hi|i  Jamaica 
brig  Alert* 
transfxirt  ahifi* 
brig  King  (Jeorge 
whip— . 
brig  i)cenn 
briff  'Val'tp 
^hip  £si,b«r 
iich'r  Veoui 
fhir^  Quebec 
»hlp  Richmond 
ship  Adi>aU 
■hipFaiioontI) 
brig  T«V'<>  Frieodi 
snai^r  Two  Priendft 
brig  \¥illiani 
sf.h'r  Trial 
f  ifll  Johfi|V  G^PflK* 

brijjr-,    ■,    ,.,       : 

8ch*r,M«ry  Ann 
>r^(;,  Laura* 
sch'riU^iog  States 
brie  ilaiinab 

ch'r,  .«\i»»y 

brit?-t, 

brig  Ppniona  , 

brig  OevoDSbire 

brig  Oonoord 

brifriliipe 
ichV  Minorca  , 
lafqu*  CharlutteV 

fhip  Ajlariutia,  <  , 

bng  Uiaoa 

iirig  laabclla 

♦hip-—, 

J  vesscia    ,„j,,yi 

-  lip  Jubo 

(dip  Commerce 

irit;  Industry  . 

tirivateer  Nassau 

rivateer  briij 
unit  Top  Abbey   ' 

igMa^ 
<!iip  Princs  ji(nelia 
schdonqr — 


14 
7 

12 


25 


62 

2.') 


16 
14 
12   25 
1^  30 

6 


10  M 


141  36 
20 


i4h 

10   i2 


iti 


30 

40 


30 


Decatur 
Hifdh  Klycr 
F.  tlssexf 
do. 
do. 
R^'Vcnge 
Saratoga 
Atlas 
Montgomery 
Saratoga 

do 

lliomas 

Montgomery 

Thomas 

B^nj.  Fcanklia 

t>nrt 

l^ossie 

Ltander 

Rrculator 

Po<f  Sailor 

Dart 
BlaMc  Joke 
Diligent 
iilo. 
Moi^tgomery 
do. 
Dart 
Decatur 
jdo. 
kio. 
klo. 
l^^asp 
Dfcatur 
Gtovj  M'Kvan 
JDartl 

do. 
Dfcatur     ' 

l)olphin 

Comet 
'  Decatur 

Comet 

Dotphia 

Rapid, 

Thresher 

Bed},  franklin 

Kossie 

'Icazer 
Marengo 

Teaser 


Newport   I 
Baltimore 
New-York 
nade  a  cartel 
iloalon      4 
PortUnd    ' 
New  York  ' 
PniladeipWa 
Glloucealer 
New  York 
•   do.        j 
Portland  j 
Salem      1 
PoriBmoufli 
Boston     I 
do.       i 
do.      j 
Providencle 
Boston     I 
VVilmlngtiDn 
Portland 
Nbifolk 
Pbiladelpbia 

d0.  : 
Salem  { 
do.  { 
Gastine 
made  a  carlet 
France  j 
burnt 

made  a  cartel 
Savannah 
Boston    ■ 
Norfolk 
Portland  - 
do.       i 
do. 
Marblehead 
burnt, 
Baltimore 
Portland 
tWitmington 

Baltimpre 

burnt 

Cape  Ann 

CliarieKloii 

Savannah 

Portland 

Newburyporf 

Porthtod 


'  *.* 

A 

I 

<\.t 
a;  I 

m 
mt 

ail 

;)M 

e^i 
03  r 

icr 

Ut 

"S 

»v.t 

I 

'  !t 
I 

im 

Sai 

utf 
w:c 

*Tr 

•:  A 
.".  t  i 

iVi 
{Its 

utr. 


a$5         brig— 
S36         brig  Orient 

(t;7**Th(ise  in  t'/o^  are  Letters  of  Marque  vessel?.  ^:" 

I  Viia  Privateer  camp  intb  the  harbor  of  Portland  triumf^Mnlhj  JtwuiU- 
rd  on  tlte  deck  ofhtr  prize ! .' ! 


^  iihfe'tiix. 


ii9i 


2J7  belirJcDQjr 

33'i  nrig  Puini  Sharps   ,, 

240  (irig  Sao  A'liouio 

24 1  briff  De,irt»i» 
S43  ^(^IjlfXtfllf  (Ionia* 
34J  !icl,iy',^;fk|le  Cmp 
2U  rchV  l>>nie 

243  tiiiji  Puv«»i>c 

S46  t]|r|i;  CoOjBord 

247  hri.;  Jfavorile 

^48  hn|  i^ir  Johii  Mnnre 

249  t)ri|(  ford  Slitt]S«lU 

250  tcfiV  Beis«>y  Ano 

25 1  brig  William 

252  bri<  Hfory 

2AJ  «cb  r  i'our  Brothers 

254  .  )c.hV  Four  Suns 
255-266  ^  ^cbifoiirrs 

2A7  sch>  AMelope      '.' 

258  >ch'r  uaJvsoii 

259  hrig  b,i9iioii(l 
860  iiicQeu^ge 
26 1  bri|;  Mepf  une 

2to2  «hipJaii#           '^\ 

263  itclpooiM'r—    ™  ,   ! 

264  sipop  Loiiisa  Anpi 
2tt5  ship  y«riiis 

26  G  hr  Jas  Si  Charlottf! 

267  ,,bris?Fr.  Blake 

268  brig  Swaklotv» 
2bU  ^^g  Purcie 

270  '  »bip  Ned  .    ^ 

271  .    ^(^hVSisiefs 

272  snb'r  Comet 

27  i  irivateei*  Schorcher 

274  ich'r  Mary 

275  schV  ^vy  Hall 
376  slpop  Elizabeth 
2v7  ranspart  echuoner* 

278  brig  (Juion 

279  sch'r  Neptiino 
28t)  barqup  Fisher 

281  bris^Jaiues  Rray 

282  brigUily  Hdrriot 

28  J  -2853  vessels 
2^6  brig  Freedom 
237  schV  America 

288  brig— 

289  paci(et  Johii  Bull* 

290  ship  Areo 

291  F.  ^|Hce(|onian» 
«92  ship  J.  Uamiltou 


K- 


1 1 


10 


78 


'? 


30 


IC 


20 


Trar.«r 
R'tMiiionil 
liMilnnort 
IVlBrriiKo 
buo  H4»ai»f  ^ 
«|o. 
MHlildA 
Nonsuch 
Mary  Ann 

do. 
Industry 

do. 
MlHreii(»o 
Fame 
Montgomery 
John 
Fame 
do. 
Dart 
Rosamund 
Wasp 
Alfred 
'    du. 
John 
do. 
Saocy  Jack 
Re  j  Franklin 
Two  Brothers 
America 
Nonsuch 
P.  Presidentf 
High  Flyer 
John  &  George 
Fame 
Rapid 
do. 
do 
ship  Gen.  Pike| 
do. 
do. 
Gen.  Affijstrong 
Revenge 
Fox 
Bunker  Hill 
orders  in  Council 
do 
Thorn 


N^wYork 
Ral(imhr» 
Phiradelphia 
burtit 

Black  Roek 
New  ()rl«rao^ 
Savaiinah 
Charleston 
do. 

do. 
hurnt 
>4aivin 

«lo. 

do.      i 

do. 

Portliod 
Charlestoa 
iSavanDah 
Salem 


itn 


i& 


nitt 


vr. 


VI  r. 


do 

dd.  ;=i 
ktialde  «  olarte! 
Portland 
burnt 
Salem 
Charleston 
Baltimore 
Norfolk 
Salem 

do. 
Savannah 
burnt 
ansomed 
Sackett's  Harbor 

do. 
burnt 
Boston 
Cape  Ann 
Portland 
Boston 
New  York 
ransomed 
Mirblehead 


Si,- 


^e 


Fame  &.  Dromo  Salem 


Joe]  Barlow 
Rover 


lie. 


New-Londou 
destroyed 


li  ^6  F  Prendentf  I  Baltimore 
49|.10GjP  United  iitatesf  New- York 
161  30J       Dolphin        jnaltiiririre 


'  1 1'i 


^a2 

S9S  JMg— 

894  *CVt  Loftia 

295  wig  Bacflhui 

896  »ri(  Veont 
297  -SOfl  Dine  vetwla 

307  MCketT^Wnsffid* 

SOS  Musket  Burcball* 

309  ieh*r— 

310  t.ri|r  Criterion 

311  ichVNeplunc 

312  brig,^eptun« 
3i3  ichV-r 
314  brig  Fanc^ 

.315  kluopNellf 

316  briKDeTOnshlre 

317  ich'r-y 

318  »hipJ«inis 

319  irig  T<vo  Brother! 

320  irig  Actife 
821  ,  wi(f—    . 

322  irig  Pomona 

323  ship  Betacjr     , 

324  brig  t^art 

325  ship  <|uean 
328  brig  Charlotte 

327  ichV  WiHiam 

328  frig  Recorerx 

329  brig  Lucy  &.  Alida 

330  -3  J3  three  veMels 

334  schV  Swift 

335  scb'r—       .  '  ',' 

336  sloop  Reasonble 

337  schV  Maria 

338  Bch>  Catherine 

339  ich'r  Maria 

340  ship  Rio  Kou7a 

341  ich'r  Rebecca 

342  brig— 

343  privateer  Richard 

344  ship  Hdpe 

345  ship  Ralph 

346  ship  Euphemia 

347  ^►rig— 

348  ichooner — 

349  sch'r  Meadau 

350  ^hipMary 

35 1  sch*r  Erin 

352  ;iackel  Nocton* 

353  brig  BArrosea 
364  '^ch'r  Mary 
355  hrig  Peggy 
S36  ship  Arabella 
357  brig  Andalusia 


^PEIfDIX. 


t( 


U2 

10 

8 
5 
8 
16 
10 
2 


Sf 


74 


6? 
18 


44J 


no 


18 


4 
12 
10 
10 


14 


ISC 


24 


26 


90 


brig  Arguff 

Rerenge 

do. 

Fully 

Patriot 

Tom 

Highflyer 

do. 

do. 

RetTf-nge 

Roha 

Revenge 

Joel  Barlow 

R<>v«nge 

Hccafar 

Rtftaliaiion 

Oen   Armitri 

B^ni.  Franklin 

l|ighflyer 

Dart 

Rfvenge 
America 
Glfn.  Armstrong 
America 
Liberty 
bng  Argu»f 
Revenge 
JacK'9  Favorite 
:      Rolla 
Rilia 
Liberty 
do. 
Lad^  Madison 
do. 
Rolla 
Jfick's  Favorite 
Ned 
Ho!kar 
America 
do. 
do. 

Decatur 
do. 
Sparrow 
Rolla 
Eagle  ^ 
F.  Essexf 
!       Rolla 
Ea^le 
Hunter 
(Growler 
Yankee 


fffamptoo  Roada 
PhiNadclpbia 
'^alenl 
Savannah 

unk  k  biimt 
ransomeq 
Ballimorf 
made  a  oartel 
Nek-Yoili 
made  a  c4rtei 

ortland  { 

Mew  Lontlon 
Philia(<«>lphia 
f'ranelf'    I 
New  Voile 

(»reiv?foi|k 
Charieitqiii 

NortolkT 


ong  >l<'itr 
liu  t^eW 


'it. 
•  (• 

1  «.v 


I  as 


■  i- 


tio:  I 

nade  a  <»rtel 
le«jroyc|l 
ansomed      ^^ . 
harleaten     ^f| 
made  a  dartcl    ^ 
[^ew-Yotk 
NewLotdon 
Ocracoke 
Savannah         '  * 
Marbleh^d 
Portland        2;^ 

do.,     f::. 

France  r 
dd.h 
ranpomed 
Newport 
Charleston    :*? 
made  U.  S.  Vetiel 
'Vlartha's  Vineyard 
Charleston 
Boston 
New  London 
Savannah         , 


f 


APFVItDTX. 


8S8 


.1ft8-369)briK  ktloop 

aoo  v.  Jtf  •• 

»e)t  ihli>  DiRgeai 

SttJ  lebooacr— 

3b4  ihip  N^ptan* 
a«*"^b«  mo  vrMcb 

'Ml  ibip— 

Sb8  ibip  Tolqatecr 

86t»  ihip— 

aru  ich'r  Bllrn 

97 1  ihip  Jntin 

972  tclt'r  Pr  of  Wain 
97^  ihip  Aurora 


914-376 


two  feaaels 


970 

977 

378 

9)9 

980 

981 

982 

98J 

984 

386 

988 

987 

988 

388 

900 

991 

302 

9U3 

994 

996 

998 

997 

908 

999 

400 

401 

402 

403 

404 

400 

408 

407 

408 

409 

410-4ldthree  TCMels 


413.416 

418 

417-418 


(hr«>«  VfBBels 
•loop — 
two  resteh 


iiv 


49  4.18 


n  e<> 


brie  Peiicao 
ihip — 
briK  Emu« 
brig  Ann 
bri«^ 
ichV  Sabine 
Itraiuport  Canada* 
brig  Isabella 
brig  3  Brothers 
sloop  Mary  Ann 
privateer  Andalusia 
jsch'r  George 
;ship  Albion 
brig  Harriot 
jship  Nelson 
ship  Neptune 
'ship— 

.schooner-—    ' 
brig  Shannon 
brig  (/eres 
ship  Mentor 
foh'r  Huxzar 
brig  Resolution 
ship  Peacock* 
brig  Antrim 
brig  Fly 
schooner— 
brig  Earl  Percy 
brig  Hero 
brig  Rorer 
transport  Aider* 
brig  Return 
brit;  Thomas 


It 


«0 


\2 


12 

10 

to 


12 

\2 

4 

10 

12 
8 


74 


120 


10 
22  13^ 


9 
12 

12 

12 


100 

26 
l4 


Yankee        |ransoin«4 
K.  Coostilutionf  burnt 

Growler 
BR«tport  militia 
Oalliaipper 
Decatar 

do. 
America 


iMacMas 


Porflaa4 

Kranoe 

Kennebank 


P.  Chesaiieakef  Punsnouth 


do 

S.  Hornelf 
Spy 
Onmler 
llolkiir 
Mars 
do. 
Lady  Madiuon 
Growler 
ilo. 


)«rBl 
New  Castia 
New-Orleans 
ransomed 
Newport 
made  cartels 
Charleston 
New  bum 
Marblebead 
do. 


United  we  standlSaTannah 


Erie  iMililin 
Paul  Jones 

do. 
Dolphin 
Yankee 
do. 
do. 
Hazard 
Yankee 
Decatur 
Saratoga 
Bona 
Dolphin 
Lovely  Lass 

Yankee 
Paul  Jones 
Saucy  Jack 

Liberty 
jhip  Uurnetf 

do. 
Saucy  Jack 
Yankee 
do. 
Chettapeakef 
do. 
Alfred 
Yankt'e 
Paul  Jones 
Yawkee 
Snap  Dragon 
do. 
do. 
Divided-weFail 


»*u 


ibumt 
Irnade  a  cartel 

do. 
'New-York 
burnt 
SaTannab 
made  a  cartel 
St.  Mary's 
Boston    •»'' 
^ew- Orleans 
I        do. 
Newport 
New-London 
New-Orleans 
Bristol 
Chatham 
N^'w-Orieans 
Savannah 
burnt 
sunk 

{New-Orleans 
Charleston 
Tarpaulin  Cove 
New  Yoric 
burnt 

Salem      '  i 
Bristol        ' 
Chatham 
Boston    -. 
burnt 

made  cartels 
made  a  tender 
ransomed 


\'H 


^S^-f 


■  *:•■ 


JSI 


.ll*l*ICMUI>^. 


"i-  \ 


i  i: 


.;i ' 


41  u        |bri«— 

•ViJ  »i1vsi««r  CalrtlooU 

424         'rig  'rarlar 
42.>         tfiidtY  Foi* 
480         l>r.  Loaiiti^  Paektt 
427         tch'r  Farmiir 

42«  'tchooocr— ■ 

420  priv«i««r  Crown 

4dO  "hip  Knmoii 

441  brigMulvint 

4  )2  briK  Chtrlotle 

4aJ  l^u.  of  Oiuuc.eHU-r* 

4J4  priv.  sch'r  Hi<'hiir4l 

435  priv.  tloiip  Uurcu 

4JI5  l*rix  Edward 

4J7  sC'ii'r  Hupe 

438  kn«— 

43<J  bhip  Nancy 

440  »ch(M)ner — 

441  scii'r  n<{liKht 

442  packet  Mary  Aua« 

443  «hip  Oruuiu 
U4  hrig— 

445  Invinc.  Na|M)iean| 

446  packet  Ann* 

447  MohV  Grey  hound 

448  brie  Maiy 

449  ibr  Kinitttoa  Packet 

450  jbriii  Mutiny 

451  br  S  Geo.  ^revest 

452  prir.  L.  Par-ki^t 

453  Kinis'*  Packed 

454  brig  David 
466  Packet*  ,  -^ 

456  ship  Mary  > 

457  tliip  WUUam 

463  (trig  Harriot 
459  brie  Mara 
4bO  ich'r  Pearl 
461  (trivateer  bloop 

4b2  'J«i»i—  

40:i  rtrig—  ;,„'|'i 

464  i>ri(i  Dinah 

465  'ih'r  Britannia 
4G6  'hip  Loyal  Sam 

487  <tiip  Venus 

488  ihi(>  ^usan 

489  {ship  Seatoa 


10 


lU 


lu 


6(1 


Divided  we  KallVuak 

do.  'rNiiaooicd 

4f*liV  NM<iirhf  .Cliarlenlou 


14 

6 
14 


to 

i4 


Qca  AniiKiruuK 
25  Mt^ro 

PhmI  jMUt>« 
bparruwr 
U'«*p 
;iij{rMiiit  voliirileer& 
r.  B.  VHokee 
3()|  Xed 

Mnnt'imnery 
ship  iVTNiliton 
Holkar 
do 
Alexnnder 
do 
Fox 
York  To»vn 
hip  Gi'H.  Pikef 
F«ine 
3tlGor  Tompkins 
Th'onai 
do. 

VouDg  Teazer 
do. 
do. 
Anaconda 
Globe 
do. 
Rotia 
33         Tliimes 
40     Anaconda 
Gov,  Pt tuner 
Anaconda 

do 
Grand  1'urk 
Annconda 
Fox 
laherty 
4<>  d  . 

Gov.  Pluiner 
Sa>me 
GKbp 
Gratid  Turk 
30  Siro 

Glohe 
Siro 
Paul  Jones 


Geuticlowo 

Myaiic 

IV  reeked 

(iven  up      , , 

IVIaehiKi 

IVaidoborouub 


Ifti. 


/h !, 


)l« 


Rrekt.  (France)  ,.  ,* 
WUuiington  ,"'• 
!4aleiii  ,.^: 

Hackf  lt*t  Harbor 
stavamiah 
made  a  carttl 
SHieiu 

itAde  a  cartel 
Portainoutj 
Rrintol 

Sackelt'a  Qarbof, 
Machiaa'' 
Bositon 
Wincaiiset 
Roothebay 
Portland 

do. 

do. 
New  London 
Ocracoke 
Beaufort 
Naw  Orlean» 
jPorlsinouth 
Ocracoke 
Portsmouth 
rnade  a  cartel 
New  Hav^u 
^aleui 

New  Bedford" 
Portsmouth 
Savauinah 
ma4f«  a  cartel 
burnt 

Qcracnke 
Porlland 
Charleston 
Beaufort  ^ 
France     'f ' 

Ltnt,  ^:;:!j 


ir. 


J. I!  . 
ii\V 


fei. 

:'S.'  ; 

Hi. 


I  77iijr  ship  nns  originalli/  a  Fretick  pnmJfrr.  and  eajtturtd  by  11  'H. 
Majesty's  itfnp  Mutiue  ;  re  caplurrd  hy  the  Alexander  of  Salem  ;  re.  n- 
captured  by  hin  H.  ft  Ainjfsltf'jiJ'i^nle  SliatDnw  and  re-re-re  captured.  Itji 
Ike  Tfnicr  oKJS'eK-York, andacni  into  I'urlland  HI      .>.>:.  i  *• 


386 


470  fwtf  Mamml 

471  •r«  Lf.  Murray* 
47S          •  i«  Mo«Uw 

4;.i-  476  t  TMMto 


47tt 

477 

478 

479 

480 

481 

48i 

48.1 

484 

48ft 

486 

487 

488 

480 

490 

491 

492 

494 

494 

495 

496 

497 

498 

499 

500 

60^ 

fi02 

ft03 

504 

fi05 

506 

fi07 


10 

s 
Itf 


Uric— 
irif  Hero 
trif  lUwhitioD 
liric  Hrro 

hric  JaniM  k  Sarah 
liri<— 
brig- 
brig  Jamca 
brig  Sally 
Nrie  Ann 
brig  Thomu 
brig  — 
barque 
B'tip  R(>t8e7 
»lii|i  miza 
*ch'r  Success 
irhV  Udy  Clark 
f*chV  Sally 
<nhV  Blonde 
M',h*r  Ann 
»rh'r  DoroBB 
ulnofi  EHgle« 
irig  Union 
•hip  Aurora 
»hlp  — 
-hip  Integrity 
brig  Avery 
ship  Susan 
f)hip  Pox 
»ch'r  Leonard 
iric  Beti^y 


S 
14 


Aaifrlft      Salm 
L  of  the  LalMf  SaefccM^  Rifkw 

Y  •  »rfctowB     Inade  a  eaitel 
Y»ung  Teaser  PotOlMl 
Benj  Prankbii  raMom^d 
Teaser       NIpiv.TcySi 

do.  Ca^tlne 

Narey         Purllaiid 
F.  EMesf     pumt 

do.         kanaomed 
Marengo       ^ew  liOndott 
Qen.  Armatron^Martha'a  Vineyanl 
ordera  io  council  New  Torli 


20 


16 


10 


5OS..Al0  3Te8ai>la 

Cll^  *ch'r  — 

612  ris  — 

5l.i-fi27  0  B  &  I4transp* 

528  sch'r  Three  8i!»ier8 

fi29  srh'r  Gen.  Hoaford 

§30  brig  Nelly 

031  <loop  Peggy 

532  sch'r  Broth.  &  Siatei 

fi33  brig  fjouisa 

534  sloop  Pox 

f  35  sloop  William 

636  sloop  Ja  k  Eliza 

637  brie  Chance 
d.ja  brig  Mary 
ri39  ship  Venus 
140  brig  Morton 


John 
Teaser 
Deftatur 
Holkar 
Dolphin 
Revfnge 
Yankee 
Benj  Pranklir 
Hunker  Hill 
Wiley  Reynar< 
John 
do. 


B«Mton 

Portsmontb 

made  a  cartel 

New-York 

burnt 

Wilmington 

Boston 

"aosomed 

^ewYork 

»)itston 

ransomed 

Salfm 

ransomed 


13 


I/iberiy  - w 

OunBoalsf    p«*w-Yorlc 
T.  B.  Yankee  iPrance 


20 


65 


do 
Humbler 
T  B  Yankee 
Yorktown 

do. 

brig  Argusf 

T  B   Yankee 

Jack's  Favoriti 

America 

Fox 
Yankee 
2  row  boatsf 
Saucy  Jack 
Decatur 
Fox 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Dolphin 
Yorktown 
4* 


do. 
>vrecked 

Norway  /.  . 

St^w  Bedford 
Prance 
sunk 

do.  ! 

Plymouth 

oade  carteh 

ansomed 

triitoi 
Sackett's  Harbor 

<;t.  Mary'a 

■^avannab 

"irnt  J   , 

ransomed 
umt 

HI  s  )roed 

>iorwa]r 

Pranee 
Ir^naorocd 
I  Norway 

iHimt 

Salem 

WilauHMi 


If 


f^ 


M.i  .  ■ 


kx 


..1' 


Ml 

«M 
«4» 
060 
051 
60S 
05d 
054 
050 
»bS 
007 

65t»_ 

061 

SBit 

061 

064 

6G5- 

668. 

670 

071 

072 

673' 

674 

675 

076 

677 

07U 

»«0 

681 

682 

684 

586 

087 

088 

589 

090 

»l 

0»2 

093 

694 

im 

697 
6»8 
699 

too 
m 

602 
603 
60% 


APPENDIX. 

>chV  Dominicoft 

I6188  1 

Decalur 

Cbirlcslon      6v> 

!  ■     • 

'tip  Ixin.  Trader 

i 

do. 

do.              1  u 

04? 

;iv«  brif^ 

Sohp  Dragon 

ieatroyed        ''*,v 

(iriyaieer  Fly 

5  30| 

orig  Enterprizef  PortsoiuMtfa 

4CbV  Ceres 

Yaiikee       made  a  cartel  ,  ; . 

barque  Henridta 

Snap  Dragon    Beaulott          'n. 

briK  Ann 

d(j. 

do.               f"  >, 

8cbV  Plying  Fiah 

Baucy  Jack     ransomed 

sloofi  Catherine 

do.             Cape  Henry 

Bcb'rKate          < 

do. 

do.                  T 

sbip  Louisa 

10 

do.             burnt 

brig  3  Brothera 

10 

do.             St.  Mary's 

brig  Earl  of  Moira 

Industry 

Machias          ,j  .^ 

Bchooner — 

Terrible 

Baetport 

560 

two  Tesscla 

Swiftflure 

Machias 

sch'r  Louisa 

1 

2G 

Expedilion 

Newport 

prif  a.  Kg,  ot  Rome 

1040  1 

brig  Arguslf 

destroyed 

Bblp — 

F.  Presidentf 

France 

sehonner— 

Irdo. 

do,    - 

567  fhree  vewela 

r.  B.  Yankee 

do. 

509  two  veuels 

Ij:o 

do.              V  < 

brig— 

Brutus         ransomed 

s^chooniT— 

.}en.  Armstrong  lurnt               .  ^,,, 

hrit;  Bover* 

1896 

brig  Enterprise-f 

Portland          ^i^. 

Castine              - ;, 

schooner — 

fyJtUe  and  cren 

sehonner — 

Terrible 

ransomed        -,.  ti. 

hri^  Jaue 

Snap  Dragon 

Newbern 

f»r»E— 

Hmtnpua 

burnt 

578 

2  vMsels 

Tt-rrible 

Salem              ;-, 

:.ch'r  Lilly 

Filot 

ransomed 

brifiE  Mary  Ann 

do. 

do. 

h'l 

brig— 

OenArmslrwig 

burnt 

583 

n  brie  and  sloop 

In<)ustry 

Macbias 

imck(>t  Lapwing* 

Rattlesnake 

made  a  car 

586 

i  tihips 

T.B.  Yankee 

France            „r 

loop  Traveller 

Lark 

iVIaehiaa 

Duke  of  Montrose* 

F.  Presidentf 

made  a  cartel 

brifcJane  and  Ann 

do. 

sunk            ^,. 

brig  Daphutf 

do. 

do.               . ! , 

ship  EliSB 

8 

do. 

ransomed        .  / ; 

bri  g  Alert  AiA  . 

do. 

burnt 

bflrqifp  Lion 

8 

do. 

ransomed 

och'r  High  Flyer* 

''i 

do. 

Newport 

- 

ship  Industry 

1 

T.  B.  Yankee 

Norway 

1 

ship  Lond   Packet 

14 

Argtu 

Boston 

brig  Allanlic 

do. 

ransomed 

brig  Jane 

do. 

made  a  cartel 

brig  Jane 

Snap  Dragon 

ransomed 

britE  Venus 

Ao» 

made  a  cartel 

i<ch'r  Elieabetli 

do. 

given  up 

b  ic  Harpjr 

do. 

do. 

b  rqueRpprieal 

do. 

ransomed 

•""  IpirvBteer  Dart 

45 

J'-. 

R.cat.yisillaatt 

Newport 

■'fe 

605 

meWt.  SalamAnM 

606 

brig  Siuanoab 

607 

>rig  Kicbard 

608 

brig  Fowey 

609 

sloop  Lady  Francis 

610 

traas  Barbadoes* 

611 

trana.  Alliaoce* 

612 

ich'r  Cordelia 

613 

ship  BeUey 

614 

ship  Mariaer 

615 

sloop — 

616 

brig  Helena 

617 

brig- 

618 

brig  Diana  &.  Betty 

619 

ship  Defiaace 

620 

brig  Baltic 

621 

sloop- 

622 

brig  Bf  Iford 

623 

uilot  boat  scb'r 

624 

^ritf— 

625 

transport  JuliR» 

626 

Hch'r  Growler* 

627-62S 

3  Gun  boats* 

630 

Guu  boat* 

631 

Paeket  Moigiana* 

632 

«hip— > 

6J3 

orig  Sarah  . 

634 

^ch'r— 

6S5 

ship  Economy 

636 

«hip  Paz 

637 

ship  Diligent 

638 

fich't  Liberty 

6i9 

brig  Betsey 

640 

brig  Hope 

641 

ship  Hull 

642 

^tiip  Jol.  Bac  hello  r 

643 

ship  Experiment. 

644 

brig  Ruby 

645 

^hip  Britannia 

646 

schV  Prosperous 

647 

brie  Burton 

648 

^hip  Latona 

649 

"hip  Friends 

650 

ship  Nottingham 

651 

br  Westmoreland 

652 

brig  Brothers 

633 

•^loop  Persererance 

654 

ship  Harford 

665 

ship  TheUa 

656 

brig  Brunswick 

657-669 

IS  vessels 

670 

Gun  lioat*     ,,ij<j*,» 
ship  Brutus    ^M-ii 

ail 

▲PFENDII. 

9n 

6    16 

brigArgusf    .dcatroycd          *^-^ 

do. 

uiade  a  cartel 

do. 

bwnt 

do- 

do.                    t 

do. 

do.                       * 

do. 

do.                     „19, 

do. 

do.                     'i 

do. 

do. 

do.          Franc* 

do.          lunk                   .  ^ 

do.          France               j^^ 

do.         bnude  a  cartel 

dc.          burnt 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.             ^^    v,H 

do. 

do. 

do. 

made  a  cartel 

do.          ftunk                  ,  i  ^ 

do. 

do.                   iit 

do. 

do.                        ;.v 

12  202  ahip  Madisonf 

Sacketta  Harbot 

11    42|           do 

do. 

6   45 

do. 

do.                ., ,  f 

2    16 

do. 

burnt               >^  V 

18   £0 

Saratoga      Nt- wport           ,>  \  ^ 

do.         Iburut                 jj- 

do.         1    do.                     - 

Gen.  Stark     |Macliiaa             ,   ^ 

Scourge  &.  Rat  Norway            \^ll 

do.  [tie  Snake 

do.       rtj           ivv7 

do.      ,t„ 

do. 

do.               .tij 

do.    ,rf 

do.              ijir 

d4. 

do.                     \  J  !^ 

dd. 

do.         ^        gi,y 

I       d9- 

do.        J        p^f 

do. 

do.     .,.1 
do.        1 

do. 

dd. 
dd. 

do. 

do. 

dd. 

do.         , 

do. 

do.      ,,  ! 

dq. 

do-     M        ^t" 
do.                 Xi..X 

do. 

dq. 

do.                 p, 

do.         ^, 

do-        h:\              ?s'.I 

do. 

do-         '        ovt 

do. 

do.                                      ;  -   V 

1        do. 
1       do. 

do,                        ;,^j- 

Leo 

»Umt                                           r 

I 

60 

Morgan's  riflcm 

tSacketts  HarbQf 

Rattlcsoake 

Imade  a  cartel    ^,, 

>• « 


m  C''- 


if    ! 


i  .;  ■ 


1-  : 


988 

67S  acbVPane 

6M  «hip  8t  Lairreiic* 

CT-t-hTS  I  wo  Tt-SRH* 

6UI  urig— 

693  brig  Pr«sidC0t 

6»  i  brig  Farorito 

«94  brig  AUrj 
695  636''rothi|M 

697  8ch>  Katy 

698  schuooer— 

699  sch'r  Ann 
7u0  sloop  Elixs 

701  brig  Dart 

702  Blofip— 
70J  bI  O.  fioilgkinsoq 


711 

712 

713 

714 

7i5 

916 

717 

718 

719 

720 

721 

722 

723 

724 

725 

726 

72T 

728 

729 

730 

731 

732 

7a3 

734 

7116 

736 

737 

738 

739 

740 

741 

742 

743 

744 

745 


7u4»71<fiBef0n  Tessels 


jbrig  Edward 
orig  JaoAtoff 
brig  LiifA 
ship  y«stik 
"hip  Fame 
xch'r  Jnteph 
Ladj  Cociibum 
Sir  J  Shaibroke 
ship  Maaly 
brig— 

!chi*r  Mettenger 
ihip  Montezuma 
«hip  Policy 
ship  Qeorgiana 
ship  Allantie 
ihip  Ctreenwich 
'hip  Bfr.tot 
ihip  Gatberioe 
ahip  Ros« 
brig  Jane 
brig  Dianii 
ship  Rose 
jrig— 
brig  Agnea 
sloop  John 
k>rig  Abel 
brig  Oossafk 
Bch'r  Jasper 
sch'r  Rebecca 
BcbV  Agues 
brig  GriterioD 
•chV  P  nnf 
'scn'r  Henry 
8ch,r  Maria 
chip  Nereid 


AfntfDix. 


Sfiraioga 
America 
Yank*^e 
Lady  Cordelia 
do. 
Polly 
'I80|      Yankee 
do. 
Scourge 
Yankee 
Water  Witch 
Gen.  Srark 
TtiA.  Pickering 
do. 
Eastport  Fort 
Saratoga 
Ogdeiisburg  mil 

Pox 
Washington 
baratoga 
lOl  do. 

do. 
29|  f)o. 

do. 
I0|  40|    Saucy  Jack 
41  Revengr; 

Caroline 
Comet 
F.  Essexf 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


2 

lO 

6 

8 

16 
II 
8 
8 
10 
16 


21 

26 

28 

24 

26 

25 

28 

76 

1 

I 


wrecked 
PtHlamoulb 

•de  a  cartel 
destroyed 
wreoked 
Itiavaonah 
made  a  cartel 
Chathaia 
Nerway 
N«w-Bedfofd 

do 
MscMaf 
Eastport 
Maiem 
Eastport 
>vreck«d 
Ogdtfosbarg 
F  >lly  Landing 
Poriiaud 
burnt 
SMSomed 
New  York 
made  a  cartel 
ransomed 
!St.  Mary's 
Charleston 
burnt 

Wilmington 
Peru 
Boston 
made  ships ' 

of  war 


of  20  guns 
^iMx  Jonior-f  Pem 


746  -753.elgiit  Tewaic 


10 


y 


do. 

do. 

P.  Congressf 

do. 

do. 

Eliza 

Saucy  Jack 

do. 
Caroline 
Oen.  Stark 
Caroline 
Grand  Turk 
do. 
Caroline 
Revenge 
Roger 
do. 
Gov  Tompkins 
T.  B.  Yaqkce 


i 


*r»» 


»<♦(» 


n» 


z 


*'!.' 


i.f,^i 


do. 

made  a  icaitel 
burnt 

•nade  a  cartel 
sunk 

Wilmington 
burnt 
ransomed 
Wilmington 
Geogelown 

do. 

Porlsmouthi 
Prance 
Stonington 
Charleston 

do. 
burnt        «'j3 

New-Yorfc; 
burnt 


I  ^  I 

•  i'. -.  • 


IPPEWOL, 


ked  * 

if*^ 

DlOliUl 

m 

)  a  cartel 

oyed 

ked 

_W»i* 

iwah 

.!.,^ 

B  a  cartel 

!f» 

ham 

'•7 

-Bedibfd 

Ma« 

lort 

01 

«+{) 

port 

k«d 



embarg 

I  >  f) 

f  Landing 

aud 

I       '\ 

*^:i 

lined 

,^kn 

York 

'•>■$'% 

e  a  cartel 

:.t'j 

Dined 

t 

lary'a 

i^i\) 

rieston 

i«'  C' 

t    * 

ii-st'iJ 

ningtoQ 

on 

i-^-fl 

B  ships  ) 

war     > 

»guns  > 

■  \ 

1. 

j--f 

» a  icartel 

'  -I-  ■..' 

!  a  cartel 

■s'^i  V- 

•i*   • 

niogtov 

rf-i-'.! 

Vtf^'- 

imed 

-.i  "1 

lington 

;efown 

• 

mouthi 

;e 

ngton 

eaton 

».i,  1 

ihip  Castor 
•ri;:  Active 
■lip  Watson  i- 

lif)  Cora 
•rig  EiiM 
(iti'r  Traveller 
:ri'r  tieurge 
)op    xperiuient 
nop  Vigjiaut* 
•>mooner— 
br.  YuunK  Hustiand 
nine  veMela 
briKTullock 
ship  Miaerm 
ship- 
brig  Isabella 
sloop — 
schV  Harmony 
sloop  Humbird 
'brig- 
brie — 
schV  Matf 
sloops- 
ship  Wanderer 
ship  Edward 
•ebV  Jonathan 
brie  Britannia 
BCh'rOorfew 
brig  Terolla 
ship  Oalatea 
ship  James 
ship— 
794f796  two  vessels 


756 

766 

767 

768 

769 

76U 

781 

7tt2 

7b3 

764 

765-773 

774 

776 

776 

777 

778 

779 

780 

781 

78< 

781 

784 

785 

786 

787 

788 

789 

790 

791 

792 

793 


796 

797 

798 

799 

800 

801 

803 

803 

804 

806 

806 

807 

808 

809 

310 

811 

8l2 

81J 

8.4 

9ifi 


privateer 
ship  Sally  •-- 

thip-i— 
hrig  Superb 
tirivateer  Mara 
'trig  Juno 
brie  Friends 
»ch'r  S»»a  Flower 
■^chV  Hasard 
hrig  Sovereign 
ship  Diana 
«chV  William 
"ch'r  Mary 
hriffBrkar 
sch'r  Hope 
hrig  Riimhler 
!ich'r  Eliza 
»hip  Ladf  Prevost 
fich  Susan  &.  Eliza 
icb'r— .   ""        ■   * 


4'30 


le 


T.  B.  Tankee 
d«. 
du. 
do. 


<'o. 


Frolic 
Fly 
do. 
Comet 
Petapsco 
Gov.  Tompkins 
Comet 
Pox 
do. 

Gov  Tompkins  made  a  cartel 
brifsRattlesnakef  Wilmiogton 
General  Stark   wrecked 


Kivca  up 
France 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Bqnam. 
Ellsworth 
Mschias 
Wilmingtoa 
Savannah 
Newport 
sunli 

Gloucester 
Portsmouth 


Terrible 
Surprixe 


Portsmouth 
Macbias 


brigRattleanakefjsunk 


12 

16 

6  so! 


14 


Pox 
Macedonian 

Hope 
F.  President 
do. 
do. 
Mars 
Alfeed 
do. 
Chasseur 
T.  B.  Yankee 
do. 
Frolic 
Leo 


W'^* 


burnt 
ransomed 
Philadelphia 
Buak 

do. 

do. 

New  Bedford 
Marblehead 
burnt 
Beaufort 
France 

do. 
destroyed 
Cape  Francois 
luiik 


Delik 
brig  Enterprisef  St  Mary's 
Mars  Charleston 

SObs.  Rati.  &.  Entf  Wilmiogton 
Grand  Turk    France 
Diumede        wrecked 


■t-  4*  ll 


i 

1 

■  ^ 
3 


•:33 


TttcA;aAoe 
do. 

America 
do. 

Diomede 
do. 
Foe. 

Diomede 


burnt 
do. 
Portsmouth 
burnt 
Savannah 
New  York 
Gloucester 
Bristol 


bs.  Rail  &  Ent.^  burnt 
do.  do. 

Invincible         Wilmington 
Mars  do. 

Vippr  ''^P'Vfort 


« 

i 

T 

i 

■  .5 


m 


900 


APPENDIX* 


!-      »» 


Lf. 


82& 


816 

817 

818 

8'9 

820 

821 

822 

823 

827 

828 

829 

830 

831 

832 

833 

834- •«42 

843   851 


•chp.  3$am 

bris  Paleoa 

brJK  Superb 

sch'r — 

Ohio  John 

hn%  BroUien 

»hif»  Victory 

I'liur  ships 

!»hip  — 

hrif  Eliinbrtb 

t^iii  \nn  Cfitharine 

scVr  Nimble 

«Rh'r  Jiuon 

H«hr.-> 

^hr.  Trinitaria 

•line  Teiseli 

•lint*  do. 
862-  K5A;r<iar  vessels 
856-857|two  Tesseto   ^ 


858 

|bri|;  \  polio 

869 

brie  Anne 

8SU 

cutter  Patty  ■    »vtw 

861 

brijt —           ^ 

862 

ibrijr  Hfnry 

8ti3 

brig  \bel 

8t>4 

fhip— 

86.1 

•ch.  KncouragpmenI 

86H 

briie  I'wo  Sisters 

867 

schr,  Hope 

868 

schr  Sylph 

86^ 

sch'r  Eclipse 

870 

sch'r  Cobham 

871 

brie;  fiouisa 

872 

ship  rfive 

873 

schV  Pictoo« 

874 

ship  Litvely  Ann 

87A 

schV  Phoenix 

876 

brig  Nimble 

877 

bria:  Ceres        -^iui 

•7a 

gch'r-" 

879 

sch  Frieods  Adv'lr. 

880 

brie  Fanny  . 

881 

bri«—          ,        fy'. 

882 

schr.  Eliea 

883 

»chV  Kentish 

884 

schr.  Prince  Regent 

885 

cutter  Lyon 

886 

hris:  Portsea 

887 

bris  Connray 

888 

sch  Francis  ii,  Lucy 

889 

brig  James 

890-891 

fwo  vr^R^els 

89? 

5Rhr.                       , 

10 


12 


6 


8 


10 

8 
10 


Fairy 
America 
Mary 
Viper 
Saucy  Jack 
America 
Viper 
Rattlesnake 
do. 
Car'tline 
Saucy  Jack 
do. 
Caroline 
Krimp 
Saucy  Jack 
Prin  Neurchatel 
Comet 
do. 
do. 
America 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Got.  Tompkins 
do. 
Invincible 
Fr<)lic 
Wasp 
America 
do. 
Wasp 
JonquUla 

Kemp 
Surprise 
20j?.  Constitutionf 
do. 
do. 

Invindhle 
Oranpus 
Saratoga 

Pox 
Galhrvay 
Fox 
Snap  Dragon 
Saratoga 
Invincible 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 
Young  Wasp 
do. 
boat  Alertf 


WilmingtoB 

Charlestoa 

iSew-York 

Newport 

Charles  ton 

Spain 

Oimdea 

>l<irw.*y 


/ 


■ranee 

^hartestoii 

'^ 

'^Hvanoah 

'<;' 

teaufort 

)»umt 

; 

Cape  Francois 

Savannah 

France 

; 

lirstroyed    f 

htI 

ransomed 

c*r 

Wilmington 

{'»■>  : 

Salem 

1     \ 

made  a  car^ 

junk 

■  ^c 

do,,,,, 

d 

S9W  York 

Elisabeth  City 

fliU' 

Wiliningtoa 

ifct 

destroyed 

bv 

PhiladelphiA. 

St? 

burnt 

-mr 

do. 

U-r 

Wrecked 

itu 

Wilmington 

tot 

Elizabeth  City 

4t'' 

Norfolk 

mT 

^unk 

Tec 

made  a  cartel 

m 

sunk 

8«t 

reneriffe 

yi.. 

iburnt 

j.f'^ 

p^etv-Bedford 

tw 

Wiscasset 

i:>m 

[France 

im 

[burnt          f 

ttK' 

'Beaurort     ]  ^ 
iPairhaven 

TrM 

\^!^ 

ransomed         , 

f.n- 

given  up     > 
ransomed 

C  \« 

GJ;' 

Portsmouth 

made  a  cartel 

. 

France 

tt¥ 

made  cartels 

#  ■. .:. 

Burlington 

■VI- 

lo,    , 

tft 

fork 

;\ 

wthCity 

inf;^a 

.At 

lyed 

feav 

lelphia 

8ft? 

-0*^'' 

'■4 

i-'" 

ked 

:^i.'. 

ngton 

"'" 

i«tb  City 

k     .. 

vi  ■• 

( 

Vi;C 

ft  cartel 

act 

fi<t? 

■     1 '  ■ 

kedPord 

sset 

<sm 

B 

|0!i 

r(.'; 

)rt  ; 

A 

tvK'. 

iven 

Td:. 

ned  ,. 

.     , 

fMt, 

up     i 

CM 

ned 

Qir 

noutli 

tr,/ 

a  cartel 

S'.?» 

e 

.'. !  F 

cartels 

^  > .:. 

ictnn 

.^    ^ 

'« 

APPENDIX. 

391 

893        k 

ibip  (Joion 

Rambler      | 

wrecked 

8U4 

tiriK  Fair  Stranger 

Fox 

Porisinouth 

895         » 

tnoapoit  Mary* 

18 

82 

Ralt!est«ke 

France 

8<J6         p 

Mk- 

Expedition 

destroyed 

897         I 

Rch'r  Miranda 

Chasaciir 

do. 

8U8         \ 

iktop  Martha 

4 

2tl 

do. 

nmde  a  cartel 

89U-90Q 

'.vio  Teasels 

do. 

destroyed 

901 

ich*r  Adeline 

20 

Expedition 

New  York 

902 

brig  Evprrienee 

Caroline 

wrecked 

904 

ihip  Experienca 

Rapid 

Savaooah 

904 

»ch'r— 

Perry 

Norfolk 

90» 

M:hV  Francis 

Midtu 

borot 

906 

ivh'r  Appellndcre 

do. 

do.                 ? 

907 

&ch'r  William 

29 

do. 

made  a  cartel 

908 

iiuop  IrwiD 

30 

<lo. 

do 

909 

brig  Bellnna 

Globe 

Barracoa    ' 

910 

sch'r  Prince 

ship  Adainsf 

burnt                 r 

911 

BcbV  lodUbtry 

do. 

do. 

9i2 

sluup  — 

do. 

given  ap            ^ 

913 

brig  Roebuck 

do. 

made  a  cartel 

914 

Bhip  Equity 

Rattlesnake 

burnt 

915 

Bhip  Adston 

do. 

sunk                  > 

916 

Bcb'r— 

Saratoga 

Fairharen     <'  a 

917 

sloop  Regent 

do. 

sunk                  ! 

918 

schr. — 

do. 

ransomed 

919 

sloop  Epervierw 

lb 

128 

brig  Peacockf 

Savannah          ' 

920 

sloop  Cygnet 

Saratoga 

WilmiogtOD       ! 

921 

Bcb'r  Diligence 

York 

destroyed 

922 

Bloop  Bnnita 

Dclisle 

do.        M';5 

923 

brig  Robert 

Zohec  Ultor 

Charleston         ? 

924 

brig  Favorite 

David  Porter 

given  up 

925 

brig- 

10 

do. 

do. 

926 

ship  Susan     ,_^^^ 

12 

do. 

ransomed 

927 

ship  Doris 

do. 

do. 

928 

brig  Curlew 

do. 

burnt 

9^9 

brig- 

Rnttlesnake 

Portsmouth 

930 

ship  James 

YoMng  v\  asp 

ransomed 

9>1 

brig  Sivift 

4'  15     Z^-b^-c  Ultor 

Baltimore 

932 

brig  Camelion 

Mainmoutb 

Portsrootith 

933-934 

two  vessels 

Caroline 

destroyed 

9^5-944 

10  vessels 

Tom  &.  Leo 

France 

945 

Bch'r  Hope 

Pike 

Saco 

946 

BchV  Pickrel 

do. 

sunk                  J 

947 

ship  Pelbain 

12 

Saucy  Jack 

jCharlestOD         ; 

948 

ihip  Fort  una 

Roger 

Beaufort       tiJO£ 

949 

schV — 

Viper 

Newport 

9J0 

ship  Phoebe 

Hawk 

Wiimington 

951 

brisr  Kutusoff 

10 

40 

Surprize 

Frankfort 

952 

Bch  YininL'  Farmer 

Henry  GuiUkr 

NewYork 

913 

sch'r  Miraiida 

Chasseur 

burnt 

054 

transport  IMartha* 

do. 

made  a  cartel 

955 

schr.  Ann  Mnria 

do. 

burnt            ..,„t 

956 

sphr.  Wiiiiaia  ^ 

do. 

do.            ,,{0i 

.1 


992 


APFENDtX. 


'1 


:i:  i 


9HI 

9b3 

1*6+ 

9'u) 

9i-.tf 

087 

968 

9G9 

970 

971 

97  i 

973 

97V 

975 

976 

9i7 

978 

979 

980 

9ttl 

982 

983 

984 

989 

990 

991 

992 

993 

994 

995 

996 

997 

998-999 
1000 

1001 

1002 

1003 

1004 

1005 

1006 

1007 

1008 

1009 

1010 

1011 

1012 

1013 

1014 

1015 


-988 


ichV  BrilKmt 
ihip  8?  moMrtrjr 

ihi|»  >¥inchMt«r 
jbrig  Uoion 

kloop— 
M^  DoTC 
iNip  Jane 
^rig  Ralize 
ship  Mermaid 
»hip  Coniiiiere* 
^hip  Upton 
(hip  Hero 
»rig  Prnvidence 
lirig  Harmony 
brig  Recovery 
brig  Melpomene 
brig  Britannia 
)rig— 
ichooner — 
ship  Henry  Dundas 
)rig  Indian  Lass 
brig  Catherine 
iloop  Caroline 
5  Gun  Boats* 
ich'r  Traveller 
trig  Ceres 
ship  Cod  Hook 

ich'r  Vittoria 

hip  Joachim 

ich'r  Rob  Hartwell 

>rig  Liddelle 

)rig  Jesrie 

ich'r  Ann 

fwo  vessels 

ich*r  Octavia 

trig  tAttle  Fox 

ichooner — 

sch*r  Funchell 

ship  London  Packet 

[)rig  Astrea 

[irivateer  Dash 

sehV  Union 

Q  B  Black  Snake* 

ihip  Friendship 

ich'r  Alert 

sch*r  Active 

sch'rMary  Ann 

brig  Lord  Nelson 

sch'r  Nancy 

sehooner-^ 


19 


16 
4 


c 


10 


104 

SO 


pri 


30 


10180 


16 
2 


T» 


IS 
14 


40 
SO 


Chasseur 
Jama  Atonrot 
Bcourge 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Fox 
do. 
do. 
Gen.  Pike 
Lairrence 
Diomede 
'ixe$hip  Upton 
Diomede 
do. 
do. 
Chasseur 
do. 
R'fger 
Lpo 
Rattlesnake 
Grand  Turk 
do. 
do. 
Appling's  riJUm 
Diomede 
Lawrence 
Diomede 

Hero 
CartJine 

Hero 
Amelia 
do. 
do. 
Hero 
Harrison 
sloop  Frolic  }- 
do. 
Hero 
ChasRcur 
Midns 
do. 
Amelia 
barge 
Revenge 
do. 
Fairy 
Revenge 
Zebec  Ultor 
do. 
do. 


mtnk   • 
burnt 
Boatort 
buml 
do. 
do. 
do. 
■unk 
burnt 

made  ncartrf 
Portiirioutb 
Damircscotta 
Portland 
Wiscaaaet 
made  a  cartel 
lunk 
do. 
do. 
Newport 
Beaufurt 
Norfolk 
Newport 
made  a  cartel 
Baltimore 
burnt  ;: 

raueomed 
Backett'b  Uarb 
Tbomastowtt 
Portland 
Castine 

Charleston     -^^ 
do.  r** 

Newbem      '"^ 
made  a  cartel 
burnt 

made  a  cartel 
ransomed 
Charleston      > 
destroyed     ''• 

do. 
Newbem 
Portsmouth 
dfavannah    -  f^, 

do. 
ransomed 
Sackett's  Harb 
destroyed 
do. 

do  '    "•;• 

madeacartft 
burnt 

do.  ft-    "'^ 
do;  ^^^ 


APPENDn. 


90S 


^■h 


) 


irat 

Mtort 

irnl 

do. 

do. 

do. 

ok 

irat 

sde  actrtrf 

»rtMrtuutb 

imwescotttt 

irtlaod 

itcanet 

Bde  a  cartel 

ok 

do.  i        '  »« 

do. 

eirport 

eaufurt      '  HJ^ 

irtolk 

etrport 

Bde  a  cartel  «'  ^ 

titimore 

irnt 

Deemed 

icketlV  llarb 

lomasUtwtt 

irtland 

istine 

larlestoa 


do. 


ci.,# 


wbern  ' 

rtde  a  cartel  - 
rot 

ide  a  cartel  •, 
osomed 
larleston 
stroyed   -  ^* 
do.         '    " 
wbem     "    ' 
rtstnouth     K 
tanoah 
do.  '■'" 

isomed 
ckett'B  Harb 
troyed 
do.  '■''^ 

do 

ide  a  cartel ' 
rnt 

io....K^ 
!!o:  '^ 


1016  kehV  Sambo 

1017  kchooner — 
1 01 8-1  Oltk wo  vessels 


HI  20 
1021 
1022 
1023 

102* 
1025 


khip8t.  Jose 
jpriTateer  Amoesly 
bloop  Tickler 
sch'r  Rambler 
ftch'r  Fairy 
sehV  Balabooft 
1 02 Ti- 1 043  eighteen  vessels 
1  ^A\         'ship  Frendship 
1 0<^5  bomb  Te^i^elfi  » 

1046  s,hip  Htich  Jones 

1047  sch'r  Fox 
I04n  brig  David 

1049  brig  Fidelity 

1050  {,?rnler* 

1051  sch'r  Ellen 

1052  brig  Duke  of  York 
lQ5."J  sloop  George 

I  Oft  4  brig  Swift 

1066  brigni>n»nce 

1056  brig  Friendship 

1057  brig  Stag 

1058  ship  Dorcas 

1059  sloop  Henrietta 
ioeo  ship  Berry  Castle 

1061  sch'r  Linnet 

1062  'schV  James 
1063- 1068  six  vessels 

1069  tender* 

1070  ship  Melville* 

1071  Wig—  r.4?' 

1072- 1 073  brig  &f  schooner 
brig  Fortitude 
sch'r  G<>o.  Canning 
ship  Pizarro 

^ Espiranza 

brig  Elsinore 


1074 
'075 
1076 
1077 
1078 
1079- 1082  four  vessels 


feehonner — 
>jrig  Betsey 
ship  Alfred 
'ship  Antonio 
1 088  two  bric;s 
sch'r  Henry 
fpacket  Elizabeth* 
jship  Hero 
.Coim'ss  of  HercouH 
packet  Landraite* 
1 0^5 i two  vessels 
iy»6-li0»|foupieen  vessels 
-  M  f>  '  hrrg  Be^?ey  ^'  Mary 


1083 
1084 

1085 
!086 
1087- 
»n83 
JOiJO 

!09I 
r092 
109:5 
1094 


cebec  UHor 

do. 

Yankee 

do. 
l|24]  ZebecUltor 
do. 
Perry 
Sj  do. 

el^ol  do. 

do. 
Herald 
Chaiincey's  gigj 
Yankee 
Surpiize 
do. 
do. 
1 13|Gun  Boat  No.88 
Herald 
Gen.  Armstrong 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
6|  Yanltee 

Snap  Dragon 
do. 
Prin.  NeufehateyFrance 
20  {If.  I^ndon  mil.  New  L;;ndoD 
1450|    Port  Niagara  \blottn  up 
Rambler     Iransomed 


41 


bunit 

itadv  •  cartel 
Portland 

do. 
burnt 
Wilmington 

do. 

do. 

do 
Ipstroyed 
Wilroingtcvn 
Presque  ble 
Bristol 
nade  a  cartel 
lesfroyed    . 
burnt 

Portsmouth 
Beaufort        ^ 
iiurnt  * 

do. 
nade  a  cartel 
^)urnt 

do.  I 

do. 
sunk 

E^g  Harbor 
ransomed 
Newbern 
burnt 


6yo 

4  33 


80 


brii^Rattlesnakef 

Surprize 
Gen.  Armstrong 
Midas 
do. 
do. 
Harrison 
do. 
York 
Harpey 
do. 
do. 
Saratoga 
Harpey 
Ida 

Sabine 
Syren 
do. 
Gov.  Tompkins 
.      JCwnp 


sui  k 

Union 

rhomastown 

Savannah 
do. 
do. 

ransomed 

Vme  lia 

Rost  on 

iV^ilmingtoa 
do. 

burnt 

>?ew  Bedfffrd 
ansomed 

Hyannis 
.Vifmington 
New  York 
destroyed 
burnt 
burnt  f. 


APPENDIX. 


;: 


!       -M: 


lilt          fMpOalypw 

liiS          krtg  Ctledonte 

Hi  J          kr.  N«w  Frederick 

1114 

ichr.  Oootract 

1115 

trtmport  Doris* 

itia 

ihip  Unppct 

1117 

hrig  BHca 

11181119 

twro  ships 

IKU 

lMrp;<H» 

1121 

ieho«»ner 

1122 

ihip  Jaoies 

ll£i 

Bchr  Marj 

1124 

brie  Hunter 

1125 

brig  Mary 

1126 

Kchr.  Favorite 

1127 

»hip  Ptiris 

1128 

ichr  Maria 

1129 

irii;  Wirinan 

1130 

ratter  Wasp 

1131 

lirig  Dover 

1132 

brig  Pickle 

1133 

schooner 

LI34 

«'.h.  Industrious  Bee 

1135 

tolir.  Venus 

llJd 

schr.  Lord  Nelson 

1137 

icbr.  Hope 

1138 

schr.  Jane 

ll3i> 

brie  Orient 

11^ 

hrig  John 

1141 

br.  Kingston  Packet 

1142-1143 

two  vessels 

1144 

shi.  Sam  Ciunroings 

1U5 

ship  Five  Sisters 

1146 

Barque  Neptune 

1147 

brig  Williaoi 

1148 

brig  Pallas 

1149 

galliot  Henrietta 

1150 

ship  Orange  Borer 

1151 

brig  Regulator 

1152 

Bchr.  Jenny 

1153 

Bloop  Reindeer* 

1154 

ichooner 

1155 

>rig 

1156 

>rig  Mars 

1157 

brig  Cornwallis 

1I5B 

ship  Tester 

liJ9 

brig  Horaiia 

11  HO 

Ihip  liddle 

1161 

ihip  Jesse 

1162           ' 

transport  M  nk* 

1163 

Irans.  Persi'verance« 

1164 

«chr.  NanCv* 

1165 

trass.  Eudeavoffft 

10 


Kemp  jcHmi  "P 

do.  raasomed 
do.  do. 

Roger  Wilnsingtoo 

fffll      Oranipns  Marblebead 

Saucy  Jack  Savannah 

do.  do. 

brig  Syranf  noml 
Stoniiigtna  Militl^SloningtoD 

a  barge  i         do. 

Portsmouth  IPortsmnutb 

Shark  {New- Orleans 
SOcorvefte  Adainsf  sunk 


!\ 


250 


2f 


6 


118 


2( 


■"»* 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Ynnkee 
Rattlesnake 

do. 

Pike 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Fox 
Herald 

Pike 

Dash 
sloop  Waspf 

do 

da 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
Leach 

Hero 
David  Porter 

do 

do 

do 
Amelia 

do 
ship  Lawrencef 

do 

do 
.  Surprise 


do 
do 
do 

do  '■ 

Hyannis  ' 

burnt 

do 

do 

made  a  cartel 
burnt  i 

do 

do 

do 

made  a  cartel 
»Qnk 
burnt 
Portland 
Ocracoke 
vrecked 
mnsomed 
leatroyetf 

do  ^ 

do 
made  a  carter 
destroyed 

do 

do 
burnt 
ransomed 
Newbern 
Boston        ^-*' 
made  a  cartel 
Boston 

ransomed   ^^ 
nade  aycartel 
burnt 
Erie 
destroyed 

do 

do      ^'- 


AFFENDIX. 


«6 


1167 
1168 
lltt9 
UiO 

nil 

1172 

1173 

1174 

1176 

1176 

1177 

1178 

H-.i) 

11 W 

ll&l 

li);2 

libJ 

lin4 

ll8ft 

H.  c-1188 
Ilea 

1190 

11^)1-1193 

1194 


RVfter  Jabike 

<ci»'r  Al*xati(lri« 
tlrl^  Iribh  Miacr 
ling  Mary 

tch'r  Lupcraiice 
!>tufi  Luudua 
»tiip  H(«teUiweU 
Dri|K  Naocj 

^I^JO^I — 

iiliip  Dttroit* 
»rii|>  Q  Charlotte* 
uiK  Lit  iy  Frevuat* 
bri^  Hucter* 
Hlodp  liiitle  Bfit* 
tch'r  Chifipfway* 
P    Cnnfiauce* 
)rig  Linnfc(« 
Kliiop  Chub* 


. 


l<K>p  Finch* 
Guu  Boats* 
iaospt>ri  Farmer* 
trig  BritHnnift 
three  briKS 
>r.  Fortune  of  War 
tliip  ConiDtaudel 
brig  Cyrus 
I  loop  Regulator 
brig  Q.  Charlotte 
ihrp  Alitnes 
>rig  Lively 
Hch'rP  Rfgent 
ship  Dorris 
brig  Willing  Maid 
iirig  Polly 
^ch'r  Sally 
jtriTateer  Lively 
ship  Caledonia 
brijET  Eagle 
brig  Traveller 
rig  Wellington 
>rig  EtiM 
»ch'r  Ann 
ransport  Stnuoger* 


It 


Whig 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Portsmoutb 
do 
Perry'* 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


Fleel 


»6jl20 
40 


1196 

ll9b 

1197 

ll98 

1199 

12uO 

1201 

1202 

I20i 

12o4 

l^ttS 

1206 

1307 

1208 

1209 

I2l0 

l2ll 

I2l2 

J2l3 

1214-1216  hree'  vesiels 


II 
11 
61 


JnoM'Duno's  Fleetf  Plattaburgh 


40 

»27 


3|40 
66 


IS 


1217 
1218 
1219 
122§ 
1221 
1222 
1223 
1224 


Ketch  Expediiioa 
schV  Charlotte  Ann 
sch'r  Wi'liam 
brig  Eclipse 
brig  Catherine  i 

seh'r  Retrieve  i 

packet  Leith*  ' 

seh'r  William^Anoi 


66 


Il4 


15 


17 


00 

10 

83 


2C 


do 
do 
do 
do 
Mamnioutli 
do 
do 
Gun  Boats 
York 
do 
do 
Surprise 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Fox 
Spark 
Granapu* 
Surprise 
Viper 
Cbasaeur 
Grampus 
Fox 
aloop  Pescockf 
do.  .   . 


mades  cartel 
jmi 

lade  s  cartel 
*?atro>ed 
Mde  «  cartel 
.••k 
do 
do 

'•rtlsnd 
•ade  a  cartel 
ut  ia-Uay 
do 
do 

do     . 
do 
do 


. 


do 

do 

do 
unk 

do 

do 
burnt 
8apelo 
Baltimore 
msdescartdi 
Cbstbam 
destroyed 
burnt 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
Swlem 
ranaomed 

do 

made  a  cartel 

do 

do 
Balem 

do 
given  np 
New-Tork 
Saco 
^alem 
New-York 
vrecked 
burnt 

do 

da 


im 


APPENDIX. 


rij!-!^ 


^i' 


Buiicr  Flying  Fah 
brig  Aaron 
Mfn  Harvest 


13J1  brig  Steady 

l2:iZ  Mh'r  JaifiM 

liJJ  brii(  Coaliers 

"iiLi^  bri^  Harmony 

I2i6  brig  Klizabcth 

I'LiS  thip. 

12J7  HriiicpM  IVIary 

1238  >.ch'r  Eliza 

12J9  t)rif(  Siraii^cr 

1 2^  HthoUIMT— 

1241  «hlp  Hermes* 

1242  4ioo|)Jaue 
1248  hrigTritor 

1244  tram  ahif)  Aaron* 

1245  brig  Apollo 

1246  cutter  Geo.  Doyle 

1247  iloop  George 

1248  br  l)o»wick  Packet 
124»  brigSibrun 

1260  brig  Nymph 

1261  brig  Albion 
l2o3  Kbip  Harmony. 
l3Ad  [brig  Charlotte 
1254  brig  Mtiry  Ana 
1256  hrigUiiuglaiig 
1256  i257  2Launcwes« 

1258  fNiedo. 

1259  gMp  Neptune 
l2Bn_i^65  6  transports# 


iloop  Peacock  f 
8abin« 
do. 
York 
Green 


PtM.  NeufchatcEbunil 


28175 

2 
4 


65 


tNiml     , 
Hmo 
do. 
Ilacbiaa 
daalroyed 


mi' 


1266 
1267 
1268 
1^69 
1270 

1:^71 

1272 
l27i 
1274 
1276 
1276 
1277 
1278 
1279 
1280 
l28l 
1^82 
l28j 
12»4 


41 
8 

10 


seh'r  Ann 
brig  Susan 
ship  James 
brig  Jane         k>u 
ehV— 

iransport  sloopfl 
brig  Avon# 
brig  Concord 
brig  Speculation 
i)r  Sir  J  Sberbroke 
^nip  4dv>  nturer 
ship  Farmer 
icb'r  Ann  U  Eliza 
ibip  Urania 
ibip  Anisim 
brig  Eliza 
'shipDob^on  ■ 
Esbip  Saltust        ; 
iitoop  (IbrisUam 


2i 


84 
2U 

37 


do. 
Amelia 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Whig 
do 
ilpop  Peaeockf 
Ijpach 
Mobile  Fort 
Prin.  Ncufchatel 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
'do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Amelia 


130 


do. 

do. 

made  a  cartel 
burnt 
Baltimore 
burnt 

made  a  cartel 
burnt 
ranaomed 
blown  up 
burnt 
Bunk 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

made  a  cartel 
sunk 

made  a  cartel 
burnt 
raoaomed 
burnt 

do. 
Nantucket 

do. 
sunk 
New-York 


12 


Chauocey'a  GigfHiackett's  Uarb, 
her  own  creic 
Fox 
Portsmouth 
Uash 
Leo 
brig  Eaglef 
ship  Wasp 
Siro 
Grampus 
Syren 
briz  Syren 
Mam  mouth 
do. 
6oi 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
fiO|i     Cbaeseor 


iMacbias 

burnt 

l^ortsmoulh 

ransomed 

Wilmington 

Plattsburgh 

<iUok 

made  a  cartel 

do. 
burnt 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
made  a  cartei 
burnt 
madeacarteV '" 

do.         .V'i- 


+  J 


APFKNmX. 


^7 


•    '         H 

12U& 

^         1 

\2H6 

lo.                                 1 

IJJ57 

cbiM                       ■ 

U'KJI 

Iroyvil                      H 

I^8SI 

^m 

i-'90 

1 

r^'gi 

1 

I2y! 

il«  a  c«rl«i                B 

I'M 

I 

li9\ 

timore                     I 

V'i\iH 

1 

^hn 

ito  a  cartel                 1 

i29r 

H 

V-'»8 

•oned                      H 

>29a 

•va  up                       ■ 

I. loo 

nt                            H 

I'lOl 

1 

1%2 

I 

»3oJ 

I 

>304 

H 

I305 

lo.                                ■ 

>308 

de  a  cartel    \          1 

i3or 

»308 

(le  a  cartel            •    I 

I3o9 

nt                           H 

•810 

•omed                     1 

13i| 

■ 

I3i3 

lo.                            ■ 

13|3 

Dtucket                     ■ 

1314 

^^H 

1315 

k            '  t)'-            1 

1316 

iv-York                     I 

1317 

sketl'9  Uarb,              ■ 

1318 

cbias                        1 

UM9 

■ 

1320 

Ismoulh                   I 

1321 

Bomed                      H 

1322- 

liningtoa                   I 

1324 

ttsburgh                   1 

1325 

k                             1 

1326 

de  a  cartel    •'           I 

13*7 

o.                            1 

1328 

nt      V    ■'-'               1 

1329 

1 

1330 

1 

13:51 

0.            *■<  •            1 

1332 

o.            ^- 1  •            1 

1333 

0.                                      1 

1334 

lea  cartel-    •           1 

13  J6 

nt            'lu?-.'          1 

13.>6 

beacarfeV'?           I 

1337 

iQ'                                1 

1938 

-13S3 


btig  Prudcare 
iloop  Faforite 
brig  Comiirallis 
l»ng  Alfft 
>>ng  Hirinonjr 
4Hi|)  Caribury 
lirig  Sfaflower 
hrig  Siranfter 
iloop  Fortitude 
brig  Veuus 
tirig  Diaoa 
•luop  Lotth  Packfi 
lir.  VVillian  &(.  Am. 
brig  Pf  g|i.v  U  Jaoc 
burquf  William 
sbip  Sir  Ed.  P«ilew 
brig  Uelluoa 
brigTritton 
brig  Duck 
ship  Mary 

(»r.  think*  I  to  myself 
sch'r  Brilanoia 
brig  Halifax  Packet 
tirig  Uanreet 
M-h'r  Prince  Regent 
t>riva.  Retaliation 
brig  Oommerce 
sloop  Farmer 
brig  Britannia 
sch'r  T«ro  Brothers 
brig  Ann- Eliza 
brig  Uniza 
brigAnfil^y 
brig  Sarah 
brig  Sir  H  Pophaao 
■ch'r  Rapid 
ship  Champion 
two  vessels 
sch'r  Thomas 
sch'r  CTood  latent 
brig  Joseph 
brig  Eliza 
sch'r— 
brig  Atalanta 
brig  Europa 
brig  Canada 
Bcb'r  Fox* 
brig  William 
brig  Lulice 
brig  Bon  Accord 
transport  Mary* 
brig  Three  Brothers 
brig  Bacchus 


10 


1(M 

l(J 

•JO 

20 
40 


2(1 
M 
lO 
V 
lb 
20 
19 
40 


2C 


50 


6C 


40 

48 

102 


10.  22 
10 

2b 


7 
7 

10 
7 

11 


Ckaetenr 

Ik). 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
ship  Peaeoekf 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

4lo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Dish 

Harpy 

do. 

Yorii 

Dash 
Two  Frienda 

Chasseur 
Mammon  th 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Oo. 

do. 

do. 
C.  House  bai^  Camden 
sloop  Waspf    Savannah 
Petapsco 
Lawrence 
by  her  owa  cretv  jNewbem 
Chasseur      |    do. 
sloop  Waspf    burnt 

do;  sunk 

do.  burnt 

do.  do. 

do.  I    do. 


MiriC 

do. 
mad*  a  cartel 
luml 

Diado  a  cartel 
Baltinore 
dMtroyctI 

do. 

do. 

do. 
made  a  cartel 
de«troye(1 

do. 

do. 

do. 
made  a  carta! 
ilestro}  ed 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Portland 
)umt 
Portsmouth 

do. 
Portland 
Barnstable 
Charleston 
Runk 
burnt 

made  a  cartel 
>arnl 

do. 
euttied 
>umt 

do. 

do. 
made  a  eartd 
destroyed 
made  a  cartel 

do. 
made  a  cartel 
eiven  op 


906 


APPENDIX. 


i  ii    ^-^ 


V    h 


13SB 

4mp  Adb  DoioUif 

1340 

urin  Hiram 

1441 

brig  Nancy 

1543 

inip  Lont  Hood 

1548 

tKiK  B*-Mr\d 

13U 

orig  HiisMii  Sf  Jane* 

rS45 

Mli'r  H(^ln«v« 

Iii46 

brig  CuiMsord 

U47 

brif  CoMac 

1S48 

■eh'r  Pink 

I.i49 

brig  Bruihrr* 

1390 

brifi  Belgrade 

13fil 

brig'Kubert  Stewart 

1363 

lehr  Coinnicrce 

iSbS 

•ch'r  Mary 

1354 

MCh'r  Bird 

1355 

trans.  shi|>  Ocf an* 

1356 

tch'r  Geoti^iaoa 

1357 

iloop— 

1358 

nch'r— 

13A9 

ichV  Eugene 

1860 

seta'  Stringer 

1561 

■ch'r  Betsey  ^Jaoe 

1362 

»»rig— 

1363 

sloop— 

1364 

loh'r  Mary 

1365 

ich  KiugstonPaekei 

1S66 

floop  Cyrus 

1367 

sloop  Jane 

1368 

ihip  Amelia 

13G0 

KCb'r  Weasel 

1370 

ioh'r  Jane 

1371 

brig  l^uisa 

1373 

brig  Britannia 

1373 

ithip  Sir  Ell.  Pellew 

1374 

achV  Mariner 

1376 

ucb'r— 

2376 

brig  S.  B. 

I3i 

hip  Rosabeil 

1378 

t)rig  Portsea 

1379 

"hip  Princetis 

1380 

".ch'r — 

1381 

•ch'r  Hasard 

1382-  138i 

two  Tessels 

«384 

4ch'r  Mary 

la85 

orifs  Courtney 

1386 

seh'r  Polly 

1387 

fcch'r  swift 

13U8 

shi|.>  ^tmiable 

'J89 

,Cli'l-- 

1390 

transpnrt  bhipw 

1.W1 

"•h'r  M  iry  Ann 

139.J 

anh'r  St.  John 

1391 

sch'r — 

1340 


219 

aw     1   •^ 

1635 
826 
214 


'^sratof^a 
I  lav  id  Porter 
iSctiurge 
do. 
du. 
Fox 
do. 
da. 
Sur|triie 
Grand  Turk 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Surprise 
Grand  Turk 
Uen.  Putnam 
Grand  Turk 
Scorpion 
do. 

Midas 
do. 
Cadet 
JonquUU 
Saucy  Jack 
do. 
do. 
Packet  temler 
Saucy  Jack 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Maceduniaa 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Resolution 
Kemp 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Toung  Wasp 
Surprize 
do. 
do. 

Yankee 
Dash 
Expedition 
Roger 
Hero 
Port  Bowyer 

Cadet 
Jonquilla 
do. 


Boslun 
lanaooied 
New  York 
iHirat 
do. 

do.  {ry 

do. 
a«de  ■  cartel 

tink 

do. 
iMde  •  cartel 
>urui 

do. 
unk 
Salem 

do. 

do. 

do.  :  V 

■unk  .<   '  ' 

do.  i       N 

do. 
rbomastown 
ransomed 

do. 

do- 

uiade  a  tender 
burnt 

uiadeactrtel 
burnt 

St.  Mary's 
Savannah 
>urnt 

do. 
»unk 

made  a  cartel 
Charleston 
Charleston 

do. 

do.  \      '  iy, 

do. 
Ocracoke 
burnt 

ninde  a  cartel 
burnt 
FairhaTen 
Bo$ton 
Vfachias 

Wilmington      t^i' 
Beaufurt 
Mobile 
Thomastown 
ransomed        .4^^ 
made  a  car/e/ 


APPKNDDC. 


un 

>iDe<l 

Yurk 


)  •  rartd 

ilD 

}  •  cartel 

I 

in 


I. 

nafetowB 

>m«!d 


!  a  fcnd«r 
laeartftl 

lary't 


a  cartel 

leston 

leston 

.           '>■ 

•,,- 

i-  ' 

►  , 

coke        > 

'•* 

!  a  cartet 

aven 

>n           i^ 

■  t,.  ■' 

lias 

t 

lington   I 

L>fct 

fort         « 

;:i 

le            ^ 

i-J 

Laatown 

Xf 

^ed 

%i 

1  a  car/e/ 

ISIM           AiriK  den   MaitlaiMl 

IciWA           iloop  Mary 

I3tf6           »ehr.>- 

l.r  . 

Mhr.  Peggy 

IStfS 

ihMtp  Eiisa 

l.iVtf 

lehr  Mariaar 

UOO           bri«  BtrphcR 

14UI            il«M>p  Trinidad 

1402            brif  Equity 

1403 

br.  Lord  Wellingtoii 

1404 

hrlg  Margaret 

140ft 

»hip  H«'ro 

)4j6 

t>ri<  Colirrt 

I-IM? 

•clir  Nancy 

11-8 

l>ric  Harmony 

mi'j 

iraaa.  Eiiaabvtho 

mo 

■chr.  Nt-ptiine 

1411             ' 

ketct)  Cnruline 

141^            1 

brig  8u«anDah 

1413 

aclir.  Mary 

1414 

briK  Pnlias 

1415 

ship  U«o.  Weliesley 

1416 

brig- 

1417 

Cutter  Elif.a 

1418 

brig  Good  Inteot 

1419 

Cutter  D«rt 

\*20 

bri^  Christian 

1421 

4<;hr.  Atahnta 

1422 

br.  Lord  W«>llineton 

1423 

ketch  Exprdition 

14t4 

ichr.  Gold  Finder 

1425 

rran^port* 

1426 

^loop  Got.  Hodgdon 

1427 

hriK  Only  boa 

1428 

lendiT* 

1429 

tmn«port»  . 

1430 

4hip  Jane 

1431 

hrig  Wm.  Neilsoii 

\  412 

hchr.  Nine  Sifters 

1 41i 

brig  Louisa 

143,4 

ship  Wm  &  Alfred 

1435 

transport  Jane« 

14.16 

brig  Ctiurtuey 

1437 

ship  St  Andrew 

14.^8 

brig  iSpfculator 

1439 

brifi;  Patriot 

1440 

brig  i)»ut7.ic 

1441 

tender* 

1442 

transport  Cyrn«» 

1443.1U9 

s  ven  transports  If 

1450 

brig  P<tt  r 

1451 

brie  John 

1492 

lirig  Nancy 

»v 


1-4 


37 


16 

a 
It 


30 
18| 
10. 
21 

'J  2 
21 
86 


106 


Path 

do. 
Fama 
Car' •line 
do. 
do. 
do. 
JimquiUn 
Driando 
Ihimumd 
Young  Wasp 
luo 
Amalia 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Yankee 

Paul  Jones 

Lawrence 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Expedition 

do. 


forisoMalli 
■MMit  a  cartel 
Tliomastufra 
ouMla  acarlal 
sunk 

acartd 

da 
burnt 
Boaton 
given  up 
Pbiiaiirlphia 
Bottun 
burnt 
ransomed 
niada  a  cartel 
burnt 
ransomed 

do. 

made  a  cartel 
Philadelpbia 
\    do. 
{wrecked 
Portsmouth 
made  a  cartvl 
burnt 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
wrecked 


Young  Wasp  Eiisabtith  City 
250|Cadet  &.  S.Jack  wrecked 
Dash         jgiven  up. 
10  do.  I    do. 

36         Bargef       'Cbariestoo 
V.Orleaoamilitia  burnt 


8 


20 


Uarpey 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Yankee 

do. 

do. 

Brutus 

Paul  Jones 


do. 
made  a  cartel 
burnt 
ransomed 

do. 
made  a  cartel 
ransomed 

do. 
made  a  cartel 
Charleston 
Maohias 


Virginia  militialNorfoik 


V^  \a.  N.  Oileansf   burnt 


12  1161 


S  Launchesf 
Lawrence 
P.rry 
Ua. 


Lake  Borgne 
Beaufort 
Baltimore 
bnade  a  cartel 


? 

■";■ 

1 

* 

^ 

t  • 


■9 


'40« 

1 464 

1465 
1456 
l457 
l468 

l45'J 

l460 

1461 

1462 

l46;i 

1464 

l465 

l468 

l'Vtt7 

1  M)3 

li69 

1 470 

l47» 

1172- 

1474 

l475 

1476 

1 477 

1478 

J  479 

I48U 

J  481 

1482 

148o 

1484 

1485 

1486 

1487 

1488 

1489 

1490 

1491 

1492 

1493 

1494 

{495 

149S 

1497 

1498 

1499 

1500 

1501 

1502 

1 503 

1504 

1505 

UOii 


AM'KNDIX. 


whr, —         .i\ 
ihip  William 
brig— 
•chr  — 
ship  Mary 
tender  sciir.  Brenl* 
brig^ 

«loop  Enterpri/.e 
brig  BrunRtvick 
schr.  BritaiiDia 
brig  Race  Borae 
tchr.  Mary 
ichr.  Goud  Intent 
Bchr.  Nancy 
9chr.  Haznrd 
Bchr.  Sea  Flower 
«clir.  Lucy  Aun 
brit;  Forih 
ship  Star  > 

147i  two  vessels 
«hip—  ' 

brig  Atbill 
schr.  G«orp;e 
brig  William 
brig- 
brig  Susanna 
brigFI>ing  Fish 
ship  Corona 
pack  Lady  Pelham« 
brig  Sarah 
brig  Ly  Troubridgs 
ihip  Mary  &.  Sustan 
ich'r  Arrow 
iloop  St.  Lawreuct;^ 
ship  Advohture 
Bclir.  Robert 
»loop  Jubilee 
ich'r  Hope 
ship  Emulation 
8chr — 

subr.  Cerca    >•    • 
Bchr.  William 
liloop  Unity 
brig  Daphne 
br.  Crown  Prince 
transport  Juno« 
brig  Ocean 
brig  Lan§;ton 
britc  Adeona 
sch'r  Sultan 
brig  Sarah 
(irig  Legal  Tender 
brig— 


M'arrior 
Cbarlfs  Btvwarf 
Harrison 
do. 
6         Littir  George 
2    141        BoaUf 
Kemp 
Whig 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Surprise 
do. 
<lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
8;  <6i  do. 

Roger 
Ranger 
Lawrence 
David  Porter 
Lawrence 
Champlain 
Bine  q;ia  uon 
David  Porter 
8  Chasseur 

tO;  40         Kemp 
Warrior 

Ino 
Chasseur 
America 
i4l  85       Chasseur 
do. 
Anuirica 
do. 
do. 
Syren 
Mncdooough 
Reindeer 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Portsmouth 
do. 
do. 
do. 
America 
M'irgiaua 
Warrior 
David  Forfer 
Prin..\«;urchalttl 


wrecked 

lialh 

i-ansomed 

do  ?► 

Marblehead 
Oharlestou 
iteracoko    \'', 
oade  ac«rtef 
>urnt 

do.  i  i' 

do.  « 1 1 

do.  >  «i 

do.  r- 

do.  ; 

do. 

do. 
made  a  cartel 
burnt 
Ballimore 
burnt 

do.  1  J 

France 
nade  a  cartel 
Beaurort 
Portsmouth 

do. 
New  Bedford 
WilmiLigton 

do. 
^unk 
burnt 
Savannait 
Salem 

made  a  carff i 
Cliarli!^tou  > 
destroyed 

do. 
Salem 
Gracioso 
t»urnt 

do. 

Jo. 
made  a  carlo  I 
ransomed 
Sedgwick 
made  a  curtf  1 
burnt 
ransomed 
Hulcni 
Wilmington 
bund 
Maeliift'* 
su:di 


'■  \ 
J. ' 

f 
f 

f 


Ik 


^recked      *■  t* 

lath 

insotneil 

do 
larblehead 
iharlestou 
teracoke 
Hide  ac«rt(>l 
urot 

do. 

do.  4"»,{ 

do.  -of 

do.  '-  i'', 

do.  \      f 

do.  t 

do.  ' 

Hide  a  cartel 
urnt 

•aliimore       « • 
urnt  r    •  T 

do.  i  i  ■  ' 

ranee 

lade  a  cartel 
leaiirort 
ortaniouth      •■ 

do. 

ew  Redford 
'iliniiigton 

do,  ; 

ink 
jrnt 

avannait 
alem 

lade  H  carff  { 
ltarlt!ktou 
•stroyed 

do. 
item 

racioso    ■  • 
irnt 

do. 

Jo. 

ade  a  cartt:! 
nsoined 
jdgwick        ' . 
Hde  a  «:nr}*I     ; 
irnt 

nsotnf  d 
tlcm 

ilniiugton 

tht 


APPENDIX. 


401 


607 

508 
S09 
510 
511 
512 
513 
514 
515 
516 
517 
518 
619 

mo 

521 
522 
52J 

524 
52A 
526 
527 
628 
5^0 
530 
&31 
532 

j;}8 

534 
V3S 
536 
537 
5^8 
539 

640 
5+1 
542 
643 

5vV 

.'>45>i54e 

547 

548 

549 

^50 

551 

652 

553 

554 

555 

550 

668 

559 
560 


khip  Aiitf|nia 
jihlp  Uinrrick 
d^rig  H«'li*D 
brig  PIntuB 
nhip  Mary  Ana 
trie  l4)rd  Duncan 
jrig  Oissac 
icb'r  KeuuIuUen 
»lonp~- 
ilitp  Otwgy 
brig- 
brig  Alexander 
hrig  Eagle 
brig  Susannah 
brig  Lord  NpIsod 
ship  Arabplla 
wig  Madeira 
ship  Anne 
lehr.  Perueferaiice 
brig  John 

brig  Maria- Arabella 
sloop  Twins 
»loop  L'Esppranc^ 
iioop  Constitution 
irig  Mohawk 
ship— • 
ship — 

Trigale  Cjrane* 
}rig  Bnllic 
•tloop  Busy 
KchV  filar  k  Joke 
sloop  Enterprize 
pack,  ship  Elizabeth 
3<',hr.  Patriot 
oilot  Boat 
sch'r  Ontario 
stiip  William 
"ihip  Hero 
two  Bch'rs 
brig- 
brig  Resolution 
bi  ig  Ranger 
seb'r  Pfggy 
i>hip  Gontiiientia 
•'liip  Kiiii!  GeuT>;c 
sch'r  Two  Brothers 
■ihip  Commerce 
sbip  [Nana 
iirig  Concord 
ohij)— 
ship  .Ned 
sloop  Brothers 
sch'r  Sally 


6 


34 


42 


2b 


17;; 


M 


10 


Fox 

Morgiaom 

do. 

Yonng  Wasp 

do. 

Morgiaoa 

do. 
Kemp 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Leo 
Lawrence 
F.  Constilutior-t 
do 
Rambler 
do 
Z«l.  cUltor 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Avon 
Jacob  Jones 
rigCoDstitutioDJ 
Gran'*  Turk 
Ar  itfrica 
do. 
do. 
do. 
RpT.Cut  Jeffer' 
Custom  Hou8< 
N   Y  Militia 
brig  Vixeiif 
TeHzer 
Buskin 
Paul  Jones 
Nancy 
Matilda 


^Porfsmoath 
New  York 

do. 
pvenup 

do 
>umt 

made  a  cartel 
Beaufort 
given  up 
ransomed 

do 
wrecked 

do 

New  York    . 
burnt 
Macot 
riTcn  op 
Srw  Vork 
urnt 

i\o, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Baltimore 
ransomed 

do 
New-York 
V  recked 
>urnt 

do.  *' 

nade  a  cartel 

do 
Norfolk 
Bastpoit 
St.  Vincents 
New- York 
Vlachias 
Salem 
Norfolk 
P<trtland 
Philadelphia 


10 


16 


Wiley  Reynard'Fortland 
Wasp        |Charlestoa ' 
Esmesf        Boston 
United  we  stand  Newport 
Portland 

do. 
New  York 
Marblehead 
Salem 
Charleston 
d04 


-i  4*. 


Decatur 
do. 
Marengo 
industry 
Revenge 
Saucy  Jack 
Clen  Wasbingtoo 
61 


4012 


APPENDIX. 


ti! 


^!l 


1561 

1662 

]6tf3 

1564 

1565 

1566 

1567 

15H8 

1569 

15  0 

1571 

1572 

1573 

1574 

1575 

1576 

1577 

1578 

1579 

15R0 

1581 

1582 

1581 

1584 

1585 

1586 

1687 

15>-8 

1589 

1590 

1591 

1693 

159S 

1594 

1595 

1596 

1597 

1''48 

li99 

1  00 

1601 

1602 

1603 

1604 

16  >5 

1606 

1607 

16U8 

1609 

1610 

I6il 

]6i2 

16iS 


t 


ri|t  Jnho 

8chr.  Robin 

rImop  CaroUoe 

brie  Ann 

ship  Mentor 

brig  Antrim 

brifc  Emma 

schV  B4>f8ejr 

sh.  Ralph  Nickersoo 

sloop- 
sloop  Earl  Camden 

brig  Elizabeth 

brig  Watson 

brig  Mariner 

srhr. — 

ship  Grotiiis 

brie  June  Gordon 
'richr.  Hunter 

schr.  Susan 

sehr.  Vigilant 

brig  Maria 

8ch'r  Falcon 

brisT  Jane 

sloop  Little  Phoenix 
sloop  Fame 
sroop  Chance 
sch'r  Deep  Nine 
sloop  Watt 
slo.  Charming  Eliza 
sloop  Jamaica 
sch'r  Phoenix 
brig  Marquis 
brig  Concord 
schr.-— 
Tender* 
ship  Barclay 
ship  Ashum 
brig  Trident 
brig  Haddock 
sch'r  Coin  ntbia 
brig  Fire  FJy 
brig  Mary  ., 

schr.  Eliza  ■ 
brig  Argo 
brig- 
trans  Lord  Keith 
sch'r  Elizabeth 
ship  P<'lham 
brig  Penguin* 

hip  Union 

hip  Venus 

hip  Brio 
brig  Nautilus* 


10 


18 


8 
Ifi 


Benj.  Fr«nkfin  jCharf«  sfoit 
Revenge       rorthnd 


Retaliation 

Growler 

Jack's  Favorite 

do 

Holkar 


lHJm.  Prigonen  Campeachy 


10120 


America 
Ontario 
Yank«:e 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Saucy  Jack 
Frolic 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


^e1r-Y.>rk 

■^ttlern 

New- Orleans 

do. 
Newport 


Salem 
Sackelt's  Uarb, 
France 

do 

do, 

do  ■  f 

given  up 
jSalem 
burnt 
made  a  cartel 

do 
'ransomed 


Frig.  Presidentf  France 


82i8S 


l\  iSO 


do 

Cordelia 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do, 
do. 

Yankee 
Rattlesnake 
Frigate  Ecsexf 
Virginia  militia 

F  Essexf 
T  B  Yankee 
Scourge 

do. 
Portsmouth 
Sabine 
Argo 
Portsmouth 
Sorprise 
Orimpus 
Mars 
Globe 
do. 
Horneff 
Peacockf 
do. 
do. 
do 


TaUUt  guna 3,113,— 12,216  men. 


do. 
burnt 

do. 

do. 

do. 
made  a  cartd 

do. 
sunk 

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made  a  cartel 
New-BeiJ[ford 
Norway 
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Norfolk 
Peru 
Prance 
burnt 

do.      •    - 
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Wilmiugtun 
burnt 
\Tachias 
PoHland     '  ^ 

do  '■ 

Newport 
burnt  '\ 

drt.  J 

sunk       '      *" 
burnt  ' 

marie  a  cartel 
burnt 
given  up      '^ 


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